International Journal of Electronics Engineering, 4 (2), 2012, pp. 167– 170 Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM and WiMAX Application Parminder Singh 1 and Danvir Mandal 2 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,IET Bhaddal, Rupnagar, India. 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,IET Bhaddal, Rupnagar, India. (E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]) Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in a various useful applications, due to their low weight and low profile conformability, easy and cheap realization. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate new microstrip antenna structure for GSM 1800 Band and WiMAX system Applications. CST MWS and MATLAB Softwares are used for the simulation and design calculations of the microstrip antennas. The return loss, VSWR, Directivity, gain, radiation pattern are evaluated. Using ST MWS simulation software proposed antenna is designed/simulated and optimized. The antenna exhibits a dual band from 1.78 GHz to 1.84 GHz for GSM 1800 and from 5.37 GHz to 5.62 GHz covering the 1.8/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The dual band nature of the antenna is due to U shaped slot the various current paths excited in the structure. Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Dual Band, GSM/WiMAX Communication Standard, CST Microwave Studio, MATLAB. � Serials Publications, ISSN : 0973-7383 1. INTRODUCTION The microstrip antenna have a number of useful properties such as small size, low-cost fabrication, low profile, light weight, conformability, ease of installation and integration with feed networks but one of the serious limitations of these antennas have been their narrow bandwidth characteristics as it limits the frequency ranges over which the antenna can perform satisfactorily. These features are major design considerations for practical applications of microstrip antennas. Recent technologies enable wireless communication devices to become physically smaller in size. Antenna size is obviously a major factor that limits miniaturization. (Wi-MAX) technology is the most rapidly growing area in the modern wireless communication. This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network. This provides greatly increased freedom and flexibility. For the home user, wireless has become popular due to ease of installation, and location freedom. Naturally, these applications require antennas. This being the case, portable antenna technology has grown along with mobile and cellular technologies. It is important to have the proper antenna for a device. The proper miniaturized antenna will improve transmission and reception, reduce power consumption, last longer and improve marketability of the communication device. In this paper, a dual band microstrip patch antenna for GSM 1800 Band and WiMAX application is designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The proposed patch antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz and 5.5 GHz frequency. 2. GEOMETRY OF DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA In this antenna, the substrate has a thickness h=1.5 mm and a relative permittivity �r = 4.9. The length and width of patch are L=37.4178 mm and W=48.5185 mm respectively. The length and width of ground are L=46.4178 mm and W=57.5185 mm respectively. Edges along the width are called radiating edges and that along the length are called non radiating edges. It can be fed by different methods like microstrip line feed, coaxial probe feed, aperture coupling, electromagnetic coupling and coplanar waveguide (CPW). In this work, microstrip line (50 ohm) feed has been used. Antenna is designed for a resonating frequency of 1.8 GHz and cutting a slot in U-shape in the middle of the patch and by making use of optimization techniques it further resonates at 5.5 Ghz and it is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. For the designing of rectangular microstrip antenna, the following relationships are used to calculate the dimensions of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. 1 – 2 1 –1 1 12 2 2 � � � � � � � � � � � � � r r reff h W 0 2 � � eff reff C L f � � � � 0.3 0.264 0.412 0.258 0.8 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � reff reff W L h W h h
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International Journal of Electronics Engineering, 4 (2), 2012, pp. 167– 170
Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM andWiMAX Application
Parminder Singh1 and Danvir Mandal2
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,IET Bhaddal, Rupnagar, India.2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,IET Bhaddal, Rupnagar, India.
(E-mails: [email protected], [email protected])
Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in a various useful applications, due to their low weight and lowprofile conformability, easy and cheap realization. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate new microstripantenna structure for GSM 1800 Band and WiMAX system Applications. CST MWS and MATLAB Softwares are used forthe simulation and design calculations of the microstrip antennas. The return loss, VSWR, Directivity, gain, radiation patternare evaluated. Using ST MWS simulation software proposed antenna is designed/simulated and optimized.
The antenna exhibits a dual band from 1.78 GHz to 1.84 GHz for GSM 1800 and from 5.37 GHz to 5.62 GHz covering the1.8/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The dual band nature of the antenna is due to U shaped slot the various current paths excited inthe structure.
Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Dual Band, GSM/WiMAX Communication Standard, CST Microwave Studio, MATLAB.
� Serials Publications, ISSN : 0973-7383
1. INTRODUCTION
The microstrip antenna have a number of useful propertiessuch as small size, low-cost fabrication, low profile, lightweight, conformability, ease of installation and integrationwith feed networks but one of the serious limitations of theseantennas have been their narrow bandwidth characteristicsas it limits the frequency ranges over which the antennacan perform satisfactorily. These features are major designconsiderations for practical applications of microstripantennas. Recent technologies enable wirelesscommunication devices to become physically smaller insize. Antenna size is obviously a major factor that limitsminiaturization. (Wi-MAX) technology is the most rapidlygrowing area in the modern wireless communication. Thisgives users the mobility to move around within a broadcoverage area and still be connected to the network. Thisprovides greatly increased freedom and flexibility. For thehome user, wireless has become popular due to ease ofinstallation, and location freedom. Naturally, theseapplications require antennas. This being the case, portableantenna technology has grown along with mobile andcellular technologies. It is important to have the properantenna for a device. The proper miniaturized antenna willimprove transmission and reception, reduce powerconsumption, last longer and improve marketability of thecommunication device. In this paper, a dual band microstrippatch antenna for GSM 1800 Band and WiMAX applicationis designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio.The proposed patch antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz and 5.5GHz frequency.
2. GEOMETRY OF DUAL BAND MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA
In this antenna, the substrate has a thickness h=1.5 mm anda relative permittivity �r = 4.9. The length and width of patchare L=37.4178 mm and W=48.5185 mm respectively. Thelength and width of ground are L=46.4178 mm andW=57.5185 mm respectively. Edges along the width arecalled radiating edges and that along the length are callednon radiating edges.
It can be fed by different methods like microstrip linefeed, coaxial probe feed, aperture coupling, electromagneticcoupling and coplanar waveguide (CPW). In this work,microstrip line (50 ohm) feed has been used. Antenna isdesigned for a resonating frequency of 1.8 GHz and cuttinga slot in U-shape in the middle of the patch and by makinguse of optimization techniques it further resonates at 5.5Ghz and it is analyzed using CST Microwave Studiosoftware. For the designing of rectangular microstripantenna, the following relationships are used to calculatethe dimensions of rectangular microstrip patch antenna.
1–
21 –11 12
2 2
� � � � �� � � �� �� �r r
reff
h
W
02�
�eff
reff
CL
f
� �
� �
0.3 0.2640.412
0.258 0.8
� �� � �� �� � ��� �� � �� �� �
reff
reff
WL h
Whh
168 International Journal of Electronics Engineering
L = Leff – 2�L
0
0 0
1
2 µ 2� �
� � �r
r r
vf
L L
0 0
1 2
12 µ�
� �� rr
Wf
Lg = 6h + L
Wg = 6h + W
where,
h = substrate thickness
L = length of patch
Leff = effective length
W = width of patch
c = speed of light
fo = resonant frequency
C- r = relative permittivity
C- reff = effective permittivity
Lg = Length of ground plane
Wg = Width of ground plane
3. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Figure 1 show the front view geometry and the structuredesigned on CST Microwave Studio software of proposedmicrostrip line fed patch antenna with single band operationfor WLAN application. The dimensions and feed pointlocation for proposed antenna have been optimized so as toget the best possible impedance match to the antenna. Thefollowing parameters are used for design of proposedantenna.
Design frequency = 1.8 GHz
Substrate permittivity = 4.9
Thickness of substrate = 1.5 mm
Length of patch (L) = 37.4178 mm
Width of patch (W) = 48.5185 mm
Length of Ground (Lg) = 46.4178 mm
Width of Ground (Wg) = 57.5185 mm
4. SIMULATED RESULTS
The parameters for the designed antenna were calculatedand the simulated return loss results are shown in Figure 2.The bandwidth at the 1.8 GHz band is around 69 MHz withthe corresponding value of return loss as -18 dB andbandwidth at the resonating frequency 5.5GHz is 253 MHzwith the corresponding value of return loss as -43 dB. Thebandwidths so achieved are shown in Figure 3(a) and figure3(b). The antenna covers the GSM 1800 band (1.8 GHzband) and WiMax (5.5 GHz). The return loss value i.e. -43dB suggests that there is good matching at the frequencypoint below the -10 dB region. The achieved antennaimpedance is 50.48 ohm as shown in Figure 4, which isvery close to the required impedance of 50 ohm. The VSWRratio is 1:1.2 is shown in Figure 4, which should lie inbetween 1 and 2. Figure 5(a) and 5(b) shows the simulated3-D radiation pattern at frequency of 1.8 GHz and 5.5 GHz.It shows that proposed antenna radiates in omni-directionalnature.
Figure 1: Designed Structure on CST Microwave Studio
Figure 2: Simulated Return Loss Curve
Figure 3(a) : Bandwidth Plot for GSM 1800 Band
Mulching with Agro-waste: An Alternate to Agro-waste Based Power Generation 169
Figure 3(b) : Bandwidth Plot for WiMax
Figure 3(c) : Curves Showing Antenna Characterictic Impedance
Figure 4: VSWR Curve
Figure 5(a): 3-D Radiation Pattern of Patch Antenna at 1.8 GHz
Figure 5(b): 3-D Radiation Pattern of Patch Antenna at 5.5 GHz
Figure 6(a): Elevation Radiation Pattern of Proposed PatchAntenna at 1.8 GHz.
Figure 6(b): Azimuthal Radiation Pattern of Proposed PatchAntenna at 1.8 GHz.
Figure 6(c): Elevation Radiation Pattern of Proposed PatchAntenna at 5.5 GHz.
Figure 6(d): Azimuthal Radiation Pattern of Proposed PatchAntenna at 5.5 GHz.
170 International Journal of Electronics Engineering
5. CONCLUSION
A microstrip line fed single frequency microstrip patchantenna has been designed and simulated using CSTMicrowave Studio software. This is operating in the frequencyband of 1.78 GHz – 1.84 GHz covering GSM 1800 and 5.37GHz to 5.62 GHz covering WiMax communication standard.The simulated impedance bandwidth at the 1.8 GHz band isaround 69 MHz with the corresponding value of return lossas -18 dB and simulated impedance bandwidth at the 5.5 GHzband is around 253 MHz with the corresponding value ofreturn loss as -18 dB for 5.5 GHz which is small enough andfrequency is closed enough to the specified frequency bandfeasible for WLAN application. This return loss value i.e. -43 dB suggests that there is good impedance matching at thefrequency point below the -10 dB region. An omni-directionalradiation pattern result has been obtained which seems to beadequate for the envisaged applications. Work is going on toachieve even better results with good axial ratio over a widebandwidth.
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