DTM ACTIVITIES IN MALI ARE SUPPORTED BY...travellers observed at Mali’s FMP use tricycle and motorcycles to travel. Before these two events, the bus ... it also explains the sharp

FLOW MONITORING REPORT

MALI

1—30 November 2020

DTM ACTIVITIES IN MALI ARE SUPPORTED BY:

In order to gain a better understanding of mobility flows and trends throughWest and Central Africa, the International Organization for Migration (IOM)implements the Displacement Tracking Matrix’s Flow Monitoring (FM) tool atkey transit points across the region.

Flow Monitoring activities are conducted in close cooperation with nationaland local authorities as well as local partners. The Flow Monitoring toolconsists of two main components: the Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR), whichcaptures key data on the magnitude, provenance, destination and mode oftravel of mobility flows, and the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS), individualsurveys conducted with travellers to gather detailed information about theprofiles, migration experience and intentions of migrants. Through theseactivities, the Flow Monitoring tool collects data on migration flows andtrends, traveller profiles, migration journeys, and intentions of migrants, soas to obtain a better understanding of mobility in West and Central Africa.

In Mali, DTM conducts Flow Monitoring activities at 7 Flow Monitoring Points(FMPs) located across 6 regions, in order to foster a better understanding ofthe numbers, trends, profiles, and journeys of migration flows crossing thesepoints.

This reports presents data collected through the Flow Monitoring Registry inNovember 2020.

Additional information on Flow Monitoring methodology is available on thelast page.

2INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION – [email protected] – https:/dtm.iom.int/mali – https://migration.iom.intWhen quoting, paraphrasing, or in any other way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows:

“Source: The International Organization for Migration [Month, Year], Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”

INTRODUCTION KEY FIGURES


7 FMPs active in MALI

563 Travellers on average observed daily

9,620 Total incoming individuals (57%)

+5% Increase in travellers compared to August

16,893 Total individuals observed at Mali FMPs

7,273 Total outgoing individuals recorded (43%)

80% of nationals from Burkina Faso, Mali and Guinea

98% of individuals travelling to Burkina Faso, Algeriaand Mauritania

2

F L O W M O N I TO R I N G ● M A L IN OV E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ● I N T R O D U C T I O N

Report # 58 Publication : December 2020

Mobility trends: Over the course of the reporting period, 563 individuals were observed daily, at 7 activeFMPs in Mali, on average. This represents a 5 per cent increase when compared to the previous month,during which 535 individuals had been observed daily. An increased movements was observed after therelaxation of travel restrictions and the end of ECOWAS sanctions.

Types of flows: Amongst observed travellers, 91 per cent were conducting a transboundary movement(57% were entering the country, while 34% were leaving the country). In contrast, 9 per cent of travellerswere travelling internally.

Provenance and destination: During the third quarter of 2020, the main cities of departure were Bobo-Dioulasso (19%, Burkina Faso), Ouagadougou (19%, Burkina Faso), Sikasso (17%, Mali), Bamako (14%, Mali),Nouakchott (8%, Mauritania) and Mopti (7%, Mali). Travellers were primarily headed to destinations inBamako (34%, Mali), Bobo-Dioulasso (15%, Burkina Faso), Sikasso (14%, Mali), Ouagadougou (13%, BurkinaFaso) et Tombouctou (10%, Mali). The main modes of transportation were bus (41%), tricycle (28%), privatevehicle (14), truck (8%) and on moto (5%). Due to the closure of the Malian borders in response to COVID-19 and to ECOWAS sanctions, following the overthrow of the government, a significant proportion oftravellers observed at Mali’s FMP use tricycle and motorcycles to travel. Before these two events, the buswas the preferred means of transport for the majority of travellers.

Traveller profiles: Of all travellers, 86 per cent were adult men, while 8 per cent were adult women and 6per cent were minors. Of all identified individuals, 592 persons presented vulnerabilities, includingchildren under five years old, pregnant women, elderly persons, and people with a visable disability.

INDIVIDUALS OBSERVED

ON AVERAGE PER DAY563

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION – [email protected] – https:/dtm.iom.int/mali – https://migration.iom.intWhen quoting, paraphrasing, or in any other way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows:

“Source: The International Organization for Migration [Month, Year], Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

+ 5 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

8% 86%

1% 5%

14%28%Tricycle Car

pp : percentage point

MAIN MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS

VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

PROVENANCE AND DESTINATION OF FLOWS

95805692

1621

Incoming Flows Outgoing Flows Internal

Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 51%

Burkina Faso 22%

Algeria 11%

Mauritania 8%

Other 8%

Destination of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 63%

Burkina Faso 20%

Algeria 10%

Mauritania 5%

Other 2%

3

TRAVELLER PROFILES AND MOBILITY TRENDS

DAILY EVOLUTION OF FLOWS

Bus41%


< 0,9% CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD +0,2 pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp

< 0% INDIVIDUALS LIVING WITH A MENTAL OR PHYSICAL DISABILITY

- pp

< 0,1% PREGNANT WOMEN - pp

< 2,5% NON ACCOMPANIED CHILDREN +0,2 pp

This map is for illustrative purposes only. Representations and the use of boundaries and geographical names on this map may include errorsand do not imply any judgment on the legal status of a territory, nor official recognition or acceptance of these boundaries by IOM.

0

200

400

600

800 Incoming Flow Outgoing Flow



Most migrants travel through the capital city, Bamako, to the strategically located towns of Gao and Timbuktu, as well as to border areas such as Benena, Gogui and Heremakono, before headingtowards Algeria, Niger, Libya, Mauritania or Morocco. Some will ultimately travel on to Europe. Gao is an important transit point and is commonly favoured by migrants for its accessibility toroutes leading to the Mediterranean sea. The majority of outgoing migrants identified at the Gao and Timbuktu FMPs continue through Algeria (primarily through the Algerian towns of Tamanrassetand Bordj). Migrants transiting through Benena and Heremakono travel on to Burkina Faso, while those transiting through Gogui often travel on to Mauritania. Mali is also a transit country forincoming migrants, notably those who were unable to cross the Sahara desert and those returning to countries such as Guinea-Conakry, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal and other countries in Sub-SaharanAfrica.Following the appearance of the first cases of COVID-19 in West Africa in February 2020, public authorities decided to restrict mobility, including through the closure of borders. Migrants who donot want to defer their plans to migrate find unofficial means to cross officially closed borders despite the prohibition of people passing through. Therefore, from mid-March 2020, a progressivedecrease in migratory flows was observed at the different FMPs of Mali, reaching a very low level in April 2020. However, during the months of May and June, a resumption was observed in themovement of migrants. In fact, FMPs in Mali recorded an increase in flows of 32 per cent in May and 100 per cent in June 2020. This resulted in an increased volume of flows which was higher thanany period prior to COVID-19. Starting in February 2020, data collection focused on recording travellers conducting seasonal migration. As a result, the data collected reflects this focus and thus,does not represent the impact of COVID-19 on all mobility; it also explains the sharp rise in flows recorded at FMPs from February 2020 onwards.


“Source: The International Organization for Migration [Month, Year], Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”4

TOTAL OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING INDIVIDUALS AT MALI FMP BETWEEN 1 JULY 2016 AND 30 OCTOER 2020**

(*) To avoid double counting, migrants recorded at Wabaria, an Internal Transit Point, are not included in this total. Only those recorded at entry and exit points are considered.(**) Data collection on incoming flows at FMPs started in December 2016. New FMPs were set up in June 2017; as a result, any significant deviation observed in the figures provided from that date should not only be

interpreted as an increase in migratory flows but may also be a result of an increase in data collected.

Since the beginning of 2020, the flows of seasonal migrants from Burkina Faso continue toincrease significantly. These migrants most often intend to travel to gold mining sites.

European countries were declared as the final intended destination by 13 per cent ofoutgoing migrants.

MAIN NATIONALITIES OF MIGRANTS MAIN INTENDED DESTINATIONS

EVOLUTION OF MIGRATION FLOWS (2016 – 2020)


9,620

7,2735,000

10,000 Incoming Flow Outgoing Flow

60%

20%

2% 7%1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 4%

47%

16% 12%4% 5% 2% 3% 3% 3% 1% 4%

Incoming flow Outgoing flow

73%

15%

1% 3% 2% 2% 4%

48%

14%8% 7% 7% 4% 3% 2% 7%

Incoming Flow Outgoing flow



The data collected at the FMPs in Gao, Timbuktu and Menaka permitted to determine the migrants in the direction of Algeria. These regions are localities where migrants headed for Algeria usually begin their journey,reciprocally the migrants who return from Algeria pass there.

’

Base Map Source: ESRI. This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted tobe free of error nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by IOM.

When compared to October, the number of migrantswishing to travel to Algeria and Mauritania increased.However, the number of migrants travelling to Moroccoor Libya decreased.

The number of migrants seeking to reach Italy or Spainhave simultaneously increased.

It should be noted that these figures indicate theintentions of migrants rather than confirmeddestinations.

EVOLUTION OF THE FINAL INTENDED DESTINATIONS: 2019 – 2020



DESTINATION OF FLOWS


0%

10%

20%

30%

Dec Jan Fev Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov

2019 2020

Algeria Libya Mauritania Morocco

0%

5%

10%

15%

Dec Jan Fev Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov

2019 2020

Italy Spain



PRESENTATION OF FMP: A Flow Monitoring Point (FMP) was set up in july 2016 in the city of Gao at thecoach station of Wabaria. An FMP was installed at this location to observe movements between Gao andBamako, as well as movement to and from other destinations, including the N’Tahaka gold mining site,Adrar (Algeria) and Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (Algeria).

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 158 individuals were observed daily, on average, at theWabaria FMP. This represented an increase of 27 per cent since the previous month, during which 124individuals had been observed. The high level of the daily average in Wabaria is due to the focus on theregistration of seasonal migrants. A few months ago, an influx of people, especially young men, wereobserved heading in the direction to a gold-panning site recently discovered in the village of N'tahaka,located south of Gao.

Types of flows: Amongst observed individuals, 37 per cent were conducting a cross-border movement(exclusively incoming flows from Niger), while 63 per cent were travelling internally.

Provenance and destination: During the third quarter of 2020, the main provenance cities of migrantswere Gao (70%), N’tahaka (16%) and Bamako (14%). They were primarily headed to destinations N’tahaka(53%), Gao (43%) et Adrar in Algeria (3%). There is currently a large inflow of young people to the village ofN’tahaka following the discovery a few months ago of a gold panning site. The persons observed travelledmainly by private vehicle (51%), truck (39%) and bus (10%).

Traveller profiles: Among the travellers observed, 95 per cent were adult males, while one per cent wereadult females and four per cent were minors. Persons with vulnerabilities were identified (177). Amongthese case of vulnerabilities, the vast majority was unaccompanied minors (those under 18 years of ageand over 5 years of age).During the reporting period, most migrants transiting through the Wabaria FMP were nationals of Niger(74%), Burkina Faso (8%), Mali (9%), Sudan (5%), Côte d'Ivoire (3%) and Guinea-Conakry (3%).




AVERAGE /DAY158

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

+ 27 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

1% 95%

0% 4%

10%39%Truck Bus

pp : point pourcentage

MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS

VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 86%

Niger 14%


Country % of flows

Mali 100%

< 0,1% CHILDREN UNFER FIVE YEARS OLD

-0,4 pp

< 0,2% ELDERLY +0,2 pp

< 0% INDIVIDUALS LIVING WITH A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISABILITY

- pp

< 0% PREGNANT WOMEN - pp

< 3,4% NON ACCOMPANIED CHILDREN

+2,2 pp

GAO – WABARIA

MONTHLY EVOLUTION OF FLOWS

MAIN INTENDED FINAL DESTINATIONS

17652965

Incoming Flows Internal

51%Car


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Jul

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Incoming Flow Outgoing Flow

99%

1%

42%

16% 12% 10% 6% 4% 3% 2% 5%




PRESENTATION OF FMP: Place Kidal is primarily an exit point for migrants passing through the city of Gao.From July 2016, a Flow Monitoring Point (FMP) was installed at this location, where IOM observes themovements of travellers going mainly to and from from Gao, Niamey (Niger), Tillaberi (Niger), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (Algeria) and Adrar (Algeria).

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 48 individuals were observed daily, on average, at the PlaceKidal FMP. This represented a decrease of 2 per cent since the previous month, during which 49 individualshad been observed. This decrease in flows is the result of the reduction in movements during the last weekof November 2020.

Types of flows: Amongst observed individuals, 95 per cent were conducting a cross-border movement(incoming flow: 62% and outgoing flow: 33%), while five were travelling internally.

Provenance and destination: In the third quarter of 2020, the main cities of origin of travellers were Gao(47%), Niamey (32%, Niger), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (7%, Algeria) and Tillaberi (6%, Niger). They were primarilyheaded to destinations Gao (59%), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (24%, Algeria), N’tahaka (10%) and Adrar (7%,Algeria). The persons observed travelled mainly by truck (50%), bus (26%) and private vehicle (24%).

Traveller profiles: Registered migrants were 90 per cent of adult men, while three per cent were adultwomen and seven per cent were minors. Of these, 104 individuals were vulnerable, exclusivelyunaccompanied minors.

During the reporting period, most migrants identified at Place Kidal FMP were nationals of Niger (33%),Mali (22%), Côte d’Ivoire (14%), Guinea-Conakry (13%) and Senegal (3%).




AVERAGE /DAY48

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

- 2 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

3% 90%

0% 7%

24%26%Bus Car


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 54%

Niger 33%

Algeria 13%


Country % of flows

Mali 51%

Algeria 49%

< 0% CHILDREN UNFER FIVE YEARS OLD

-0,4 pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp


- pp



+2,6 pp

GAO – PLACE KIDAL



904483

64


50%Truck


VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

82%

6% 3% 3% 1% 5%

36%

24%14% 13%

8% 4% 1%


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Jul

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020




PRESENTATION OF FMP: From January 2017, a Flow Monitoring Point was set up in the city of Timbuktu. Atthis point, enumerators usually identify migrants who travelling to and from Mopti, Bordj-Bou-Arreridj(Algeria). Some pass-through Timbuktu and continue to the countries of North Africa and Europe.

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 65 individuals were observed daily, on average, at theTimbuktu FMP. This represented a decrease of four per cent since the previous month, during which 68individuals had been observed, daily.

Types of flows: Amongst observed individuals, 20 per cent were conducting a cross-border movement(incoming flow: 19 per cent and outgoing flow: one per cent), while 80 per cent were travelling internally.

Provenance and destination: In the third quarter of 2020, the main cities of provenance of travellers wereMopti (66%, Mali), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (23%, Algeria) et Sevare (8%, Mali). Almost all registered travellerswere to Timbuktu (96%, mali). Some mentioned Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (2%, Algeria) and Mopti (2%, Mali) asdestinations. The persons observed travelled mainly by private vehicle (80%), boats (8%) or bus (11%).

Traveller profiles: The vast majority (77%) of observed travellers were adult males, while one per centwere adult females and 22 per cent were minors. Of these, four persons with vulnerabilities wereidentified, one of whom, was a child under under five years of age and one elderly person was also seen.

During the reporting period, most migrants identified at the Timbuktu FMP were nationals of Guinea-Conakry (38%), Mali (21%), Sierra Leone (8%), Gambia (7%) and Senegal (6%).




AVERAGE /DAY65

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

- 4 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

1% 77%

0% 22%

11%80%Car Bus


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 65%

Algeria 34%

Mauritania 1%


Country % of flows

Mali 98%

Mauritania 1%

Algeria 1%


-0,1 pp

< 0,1% ELDERLY -0,3 pp


- pp



+0,1 pp

TIMBUKTU


MAIN INTENDED FINAL DESTINATIONS 37126

1557


8%Boat


VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

44%

27%

7% 6%

16%

28% 27% 26%

9% 8%

2%


0

500

1000

1500

2000

Jan Jul

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sept

Nov




PRESENTATION OF FMP: A Flow Monitoring Point was installed in December 2017 in the city of Menaka. Atthe Menaka FMP, IOM data collectors observe the movements of migrants in transit between Menaka andAdrar or Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (Algeria).

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 13 individuals were observed daily, on average, at the MenakaFMP. This represented an increase of 86 per cent since the previous month, during which 7 individuals hadbeen observed, daily.

Types of flows: All observed individuals were conducting a cross-border movement (incoming flow: 28%outgoing flow: 72%).

Provenance and destination: During the third quarter, the main cities from which travellers came wereBamako (32%, Mali), Gao (10%, Mali), Bobo-Dioulasso (9%, Burkina Faso), Ouagadougou (8%, BurkinaFaso), Sikasso (7%, Mali), Mopti (7%, Mali), Nouakchott (6%, Mauritania), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (5%, BurkinaFaso) and Niamey (3%, Niger). Their main destinations were Bamako (23%, Mali), Gao (15%, Mali),Timbuktu (13%, Mali), Nouakchott (9%, Mauritania), Ouagadougou (8%, Mali), Bobo-Dioulasso (7%,Burkina Faso), Bordj-Bou-Arreridj (7%, Algeria) and Sikasso (7%, Mali). All the migrants registered inMenaka (100%, Mali) travelled by truck.

Traveller profiles: All travellers observed at the Menaka FMP (100%) were adult males. None of theregistered travellers showed any evidence of vulnerability. There were no children under the age of five,pregnant women, elderly individuals or unaccompanied minors observed.

During the reporting period, most migrants identified at Menaka were Malian nationals (36%), followed bynationals of the Mali (33%), Niger (28%), Nigeria (16%), Ghana (12%) and Benin (5%).




AVERAGE /DAY13

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

+ 86 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

0% 100%

0% 0%

100%Truck


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 54%

Niger 33%

Algeria 13%


Country % of flows

Mali 51%

Algeria 49%

< 0% CHILDREN UNFER FIVE YEARS OLD

- pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp


- pp


< 0% NON ACCOMPANIED CHILDREN

- pp

MENAKA


MAIN INTENDED FINAL DESTINATIONS110

284

Incoming Flows Outgoing Flows


VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

41%

27%

13% 12%

3% 2% 2%

68%

25%

6%1%


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct

2017 2018 2019 2020




PRESENTATION OF FMP: The Gogui Flow Monitoring Point is located on the border post between Mali andMauritania. It was set up in June 2017. The migrants identified in this FMP go mainly to Mauritania andMorocco. Some of travellers reported they want to work in these countries in order to get enough funds tocontinue to Europe. Enumerators at this FMP also record migrants returning to Mali from Mauritania ortransiting through Mauritania and Mali to reach their home countries. Travellers crossing Gogui primarilytravel between Bamako and Nouakchott (Mauritania).

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 68 individuals were observed daily, on average, at the GoguiFMP. This represented an increase of 28 per cent since the previous month, during which 53 individualshad been observed. There is a resumption of movements after the reopening of the Malian borders. Asignificant number of rejected migrants were recorded during the data collection period.

Types of flows: All observed individuals in Gogui FMP were conducting a cross-border movement(incoming flow: 70% outgoing flow: 30%).

Provenance and destination: During the third quarter, the cities from which travellers came wereNouakchott (75%, Mauritania), Bamako (24%, Mali) and Nioro de Sahel (1%, Mali). They travelled mainly toBamako (75, Mali), Nouakchott (24%, Mauritania). The people observed were travelling mainly by buses(36%), motorcycles (40%), on foot (16%) and private vehicles (8%). With the closure of the borders,motorcycles are very often used crossing. Some prefer to cross them on foot.

Traveller profiles: Of the travellers observed, 74 per cent were adult males, while 20 per cent were adultfemales and six per cent were minors. It notes the presence of persons with vulnerabilities (91 individuals),with mainly children under five. There were also pregnant women and individuals living with a physical ormental disability observed among them.

During the reporting period, migrants identified in Gogui were mostly Malian nationals (88%). Nationalsfrom Côte d’Ivoire (3%), Burkina Faso (3%) and Guinea-Conakry (2%) were also observed.




AVERAGE /DAY68

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

+ 28 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

20% 74%

3% 3%

16%40%Tricycle On foot


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mauritanie 61%

Mali 39%


Country % of flows

Mali 61%

Mauritanie 35%

Burkina Faso 4%


+0,6 pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp

< 0,2% INDIVIDUALS LIVING WITH A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISABILITY

+0,1 pp

< 0,1% PREGNANT WOMEN -0,1 pp

< 0% NON ACCOMPANIED CHILDREN

- pp

GOGUI



1412615


36%Bus


VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

92%

2% 1% 1% 1% 3%

84%

7% 6% 1% 2%


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

b

Apr Jun

Aug

Oct




PRESENTATION OF FMP: The Benena Flow Monitoring Pont is located on the border post between Maliand Burkina Faso, in the Segou region. It was installed in August 2016. Travellers observed at this FMPtravel mainly between Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Bamako, transiting through Benena on the way.

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 82 individuals were observed daily, on average, at the BenenaFMP. This represented an increase of 55 per cent since the previous month, during which 53 individualshad been observed, daily. A large number of seasonal migrants has been observed in particular nationalsof Niger who come to work in gold mining sites. In addition, many migrants choose to passs throughBenena over Heremakono.

Types of flows: All observed individuals in Benena FMP (100%) carried out a cross-border movement(incoming flow: 63% outgoing flow: 37%).

Provenance and destination: The cities of provenance of the travellers registered in Benena during thethird quarter of 2020 are Ouagadougou (57%, Burkina Faso), Bamako (40%, Mali) and Ouahigouya (3%,Burkina Faso). Their destinations were Bamako (60%, Mali), Ouagadougou (38%, Burkina Faso) andOuahigouya (2%, Burkina Faso). Most of the people observed travelled by bus (93%) and by private vehicles(7%).

Traveller profiles: Of the travellers observed, 72 per cent were adult males, while 22 per cent were adultfemales and six per cent were minors. Some of them (124 people) had vulnerabilities. They were almost allunaccompanied minors.

During the reporting period, most migrants identified at Benena were nationals of Burkina Faso (74%),Niger (9%), Mali (8%) and Nigeria (5%). The flows of seasonal migrants from Burkina Faso are veryimportant in Benena. They generally come to Mali for agricultural activities or traditional gold mining, andoften return to Burkina Faso after having worked for some time in Mali.




AVERAGE /DAY82

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

+ 55 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

22% 72%

1% 5%

7%93%Bus Car


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Burkina Faso 63%

Mali 37%


Country % of flows

Mali 63%

Burkina Faso 37%


+0,2 pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp


- pp



+1,1 pp

F L O W M O N I TO R I N G ● M A L IN OV E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ● F L O W M O N I TO R I N G R E G I S T RY

Report # 58 Publication: December 2020

BENENA



1557909



VULN

ERAB

ILIT

IES

DEM

OGR

APH

IC P

ROFI

LERE

GIST

ERED

FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS

95%

2% 2% 1%

83%

10%2% 2% 1% 1% 1%


0

500

1000

1500

2000

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

bA

pr Jun

Aug

Oct

Dec Fe

bA

pr Jun

Aug

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PRESENTATION OF FMP: The Heremakono Flow Monitoring Point is located on the border post betweenMali and Burkina Faso in the Sikasso region. It has been operational since August 2017. IOM enumeratorsregister travellers mainly to and from Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), Sikasso, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)and Bamako.

Mobility trends: Over the reporting period, 287 individuals were observed daily, on average, at theHeremakono FMP. This represented a decrease of 6 per cent since the previous month, during which 306individuals had been observed.

Types of flows: All observed individuals in Heremakono border post (100%) were conducting a cross-border movement (incoming flow: 53% outgoing flow: 47%).

Provenance and destination: During the third quarter 2020, the main cities of origin mentioned bytravellers were Bobo-Dioulasso (32%, Burkina Faso), Sikasso (29%, Mali), Ouagadougou (23%, Burkina Faso)and Bamako (12%, Mali). Their main destination was Bamako (34%), Bobo-Dioulasso (25%), Sikasso (24%)and Ouagadougou (15%). Most of the people observed travelled in tricycle (55%) and bus (38%). Sometravelled by truck (3%).

Traveller profiles: Of the identified travellers, 93 per cent were adult males, while four per cent were adultfemales and three per cent were minors. Among travellers, 269 persons with vulnerabilities wereidentified, including in majority unaccompanied minors, children under five years and pregnant women.

During the reporting period, most migrants identified at Heremakono were nationals of Burkina Faso(85%); National of Mali (3%) and Niger (2%) were also seen.




AVERAGE /DAY287

TRAVELLER PROFILES

Moyen de transport

- 6 %

FemaleMale

Adults Minors

4% 93%

0% 3%

3%55%Tricycle Truck


MODES OF TRANSPORT

DIRECTION OF FLOWS


Provenance of flows

Country % of flows

Mali 49%

Burkina Faso 37%

Benin 6%

Niger 4%

Others 4%


Country % of flows

Mali 51%

Burkina Faso 42%

Niger 6%

Benin 1%


+0,2 pp

< 0% ELDERLY - pp


- pp

< 0,1% PREGNANT WOMEN -0,1 pp


-0,4 pp

HEREMAKONO



52263375


38%Bus


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APH

IC P

ROFI

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FLO

WS

DAI

LY M

OVE

MEN

TS63%

23%

6%1% 3% 2% 1% 1%

79%

6% 4% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2%


0

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8,000

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INTRODUCTION: Flow Monitoring, atool of IOM’s Displacement TrackingMatrix (DTM), was set up to provide abetter understanding and an overview ofmobility through West and CentralAfrica, through the collection of key dataon the magnitude, provenance anddestination and profiles of flows in areasof high mobility throughout the region.

METHODOLOGY: Flow Monitoring isa data collection activity which seeks togather key information on mobility. Itbegins by identifying zones in which largemobility flows and highlighting thecharacteristics and journeys of travellersin these zones. Areas of high mobility areidentified with the help of nationalauthorities. DTM teams, with the supportof local authorities and partners, thenidentify strategic points of transit, atwhich Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) areset up. At each FMP, DTM conducts twomain activities: Flow Monitoring Registry(FMR) and Flow Monitoring Surveys(FMS).

The FMR collects data at FMP throughdirect observation and interviews withkey informants, including staff working atcoach stations, border patrol officers,local authorities, bus drivers or travellersthemselves. The FMR gathers data on thenumber of travellers crossing FMPs, aswell as the provenance, next destination,vulnerabilities and means of transport oftravellers.

At each FMP, data is collected by a teamof enumerators. Data collection iscarried out daily, all the day, with a focuson vehicle transit times. Thiscorresponds to the peak hours ofmobility. Enumerators collect data via aform filled out thanks to informationprovided by key informants or gatheredthrough direct observation.

LIMITS : Data collected in theframework of Flow Monitoring activitiesare the result of direct observations andinterviews conducted at FMPs. The datais not representative of all migrationflows in the country, and, because theyonly reflect the situation of observed orsurveyed individuals, cannot begeneralized. Temporal coverage of thedata collection exercises is also limited toa specific time window. While data iscollected daily, Flow Monitoring activitiesdo not capture all flows transitingthrough FMPs. In this period of COVID-19, some migrants are using bypasses.These can escape the recording device.

DEFINITIONS:Incoming flow: refers to migrants whoarrive at a Flow Monitoring Point withthe intention of travelling furtherinto Mali.Outgoing flow: refers to migrants whoarrive at a Flow Monitoring Point withthe intention of travelling towardsthe outer borders of Mali.

Internal flow: refers to migrants whoarrive at a Flow Monitoring Point with adeparture in Mali and the intention oftravelling within Mali.

Migrant:An umbrella term, not defined underinternational law, reflecting the commonlay understanding of a person who movesaway from his or her place of usualresidence, whether within a country oracross an international border,temporarily or permanently, and for avariety of reasons. The term includes anumber of well-defined legal categories ofpeople, such as migrant workers; personswhose particular types of movements arelegally-defined, such as smuggledmigrants; as well as those whose statusor means of movement are notspecifically defined under internationallaw, such as international students.

The opinions expressed in the report are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the International Organization for Migration(IOM). The designations employed and thepresentation of material throughout the report donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of IOM concerning the legal status ofany country, territory, city or area, or of itsauthorities, or concerning its frontiers orboundaries. IOM is committed to the principle thathumane and orderly migration benefits migrantsand society. As an intergovernmental organization,IOM acts with its partners in the internationalcommunity to: assist in the meeting of operationalchallenges of migration; advance understanding ofmigration issues; encourage social and economicdevelopment through migration; and uphold the

human dignity and well-being of migrants.

The maps displayed in this report are for illustrationpurposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries,geographic names and related data shown on mapsand included in this report are not warranted to beerror free nor do they imply judgment on the legalstatus of any territory, or any endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries by IOM.




DTM ACTIVITIES IN MALI ARE SUPPORTED BY...travellers observed at Mali’s FMP use tricycle and motorcycles to travel. Before these two events, the bus ... it also explains the sharp

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