dsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfÙk&fp=shodh.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/2094/1/synopsis.pdf · dsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfÙk&fp= lUnHkZ& ftys dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk

dsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfÙk&fp=

lUnHkZ& ftys dksê;e~]f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk ¼ƒˆoha&ƒŠoha ‘krh½

Mh0bZ0vkbZ0] MhEM ;wfuoflZVh] n;kyckx+] vkxjk ls

fp=dyk esa ‛kks/k izcU/k dh

:ijs[kk

‚kks/k funsZf‛kdk % ladk; izeq[k dh laLrqfr %

çks0 jkfxuh jkW; çks0 mfeZyk vkuUn

foHkkxk/;{k] Mªkbax ,oa isf.Vax foHkkx] foHkkxk/;{k] laLd`r

foHkkx]dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-]vkxjkA ‚kks/k Nk=k % dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-]vkxjkA

dq- va‛kqyh ‚kqDyk

Mªkbax ,oa isf.Vax foHkkx]

dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-] vkxjkA

2013

dsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfÙk&fp=

lUnHkZ& ftys dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk ¼ƒˆoha&ƒŠoha ‘krh½

Hkwfedk dsjy dh HkkSxksfyd] ,sfrgkfld ,oa lkaLÑfrd i`’BHkwfe

çFke v/;k; dsjy esa ikjEifjd fHkfÙk&fp=ksa dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl

f}rh; v/;k; ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼16oha ‚krh½

1-1 ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj dk ifjp;

1-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dk o.kZu ,oa ‚kSyhxr fo‛ks’krk,sa

r`rh; v/;k; f=ç;j jkek efUnj] ftyk f=pqj ¼yxHkx 16oha ‚krh½

2-1 f=ç;j jkek efUnj dk fooj.k

2-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dk dykRed ifjp; rFkk fo‛ks’krk,sa

prqFkZ v/;k; i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj] ftyk iFkkukefFkêk

¼16oha ‚krh mÙkjk/kZ½

3-1 i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj dk ifjp;

3-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dh fLFkfr ,oa mudk ‛kSyhxr fooj.k

iape~ v/;k; iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼17oha ‚krh½

4-1 iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj dh fLFkfr

4-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dk ifjp; ,oa dykRed fo‛ks’krk,sa

‘k’Be~ v/;k; osade egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼18oha ‚krh mÙkjk/kZ½

5-1 osade egknso efUnj dk fooj.k

5-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dk o.kZu ,oa ‚kSyhxr fo‛ks’krk,sa

lIre~ v/;k; ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼18oha ‚krh½

6-1 ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk efUnj dk ifjp;

fo’k; lwph

6-2 efUnj ds fp=ksa dh fLFkfr ,oa mudk fooj.k

6-3 fp=ksa dh dykRed fo‛ks’krk,sa

v’Ve~ v/;k; ftys dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk efUnjksa dk rqyukRed

v/;;uA

milagkj

lUnHkZ lwph

fp= lwph

‘kks/k dk mÌs’;

Eksjs ‚kks/k çcU/k dh :ijs[kk dk fo’k; ßdsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp= lUnHkZ&

ftys dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk ¼16oha&18oha ‚krh½Þ gSA dsjy tks fd Hkkjr ds

nf{k.k esa fLFkr gSA bl LFkku dh tkudkjh eq>s esjs firkth ds ek/;e ls feyh ftUgksaus

ukSdjh ds nkSjku ;gk¡ dqN le; fcrk;k gSA dsjy ds çkÑfrd lkSUn;Z] lkLaÑfrd

R;kSgkjksa] efUnj ,oa lk{kjrk tSls fo’k;ksa ij dh xbZ ppkZvksa us esjs efLr’d ij viuh

xgjh Nki NksM+hA dsjy esa Hkze.k nkSjku ;gk¡ ds efUnjksa ls vf/kd çHkkfor gqbZ D;ksafd eSa

fHkfŸk fp=.k fo’k; ls tqM+h gqbZ g¡w blh dkj.ko‛k dsjy ds efUnjksa esa fpf=r ikjEifjd

fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dh vksj vf/kd vkdf’kZr gqbZ rFkk eSaus ;g ik;k fd bu lHkh fp=ksa esa ls

dqN fp= gh çdkf‛kr gSa vr% eSaus bl fo’k; dks gh vius ‚kks/k çcU/k gsrq p;u fd;k

ftlds ek/;e ls eSa Hkkjrh; fp=dyk ds mTtoy bfrgkl esa dyk çsfe;ksa dks dsjy ds

efUnjksa esa fpf=r ikjEifjd fp=ksa ds fo‛ks’k ;ksxnku ls voxr djkus dk ç;kl djuk

pkgrh g¡wA

‚kks/k dk fo’k;

dsjy efUnj ds ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp=

lUnHkZ& ftys dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk ¼16oha&18oh a ‛krh½

dsjy Hkkjr dk ,d NksVk&lk jkT; gSA ;g nf{k.k if‛pe esa vjc lkxj rFkk if‛peh

?kkVksa ij fLFkr gSA blds mŸkj iwoZ esa dukZVd] iwoZ esa rfeyukMq rFkk nf{k.k esa fgUn

egklkxj gSA fr#ouariqje dsjy dh jkt/kkuh gS] ftls f=osUnze uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk

gSA ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ jk’Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; Ik;ZVu LFky gSA ^ey;kye* ;gk¡ eq[;

Hkk’kk ds :Ik esa cksyh tkrh gSA dsjy vius lqugjs rVksa] >hyksa igkfM+;ksa] ukfj;y ds o`{kksa

o jktlh >juksa ds fy;s fo[;kr gSa ftldk çHkko ;gk¡ fLFkr efUnjksa ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa

ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

dsjy dh ,sfrgkfld i`’BHkwfe vuqlkj tc Hkkjr vkt +kn gqvk] ml

le; dsjy esa nks ns‛kh fj;klrsa FkhaA =ko.kdksj rFkk dksphuA ekykckj tks fd enzkl

çkUr dk fgLlk Fkk] og fczfV‛k ‚kklu ds v/khu FkkA =ko.kdksj rFkk dksphu fj;klrksa

dks feykdj 1 tqykbZ] lu~ 1949 dks =ko.kdksj] dksphu jkT; cuk;k x;k rFkk jkT;ksa ds

iquZxBu ds vUrZxr =ko.kdksj&dksphu jkT; vkSj ekykckj dks feykdj 1 uoEcj] lu~

1956 dks dsjy jkT; cuk;k x;kA1

dsjy lkaLÑfrd n`f’V ls lkSUn;Z ds lkFk&lkFk ‚kk‛or vkuan dh Hkwfe

gSA ;g viuh lfn;ksa iqjkuh fojklr vkSj ijEijk ds fy, Lej.kh; gSA ;gk¡ dh laLÑfr

vf}rh; gS] tks fd fHkUu&fHkUu /kkfeZd ifjos‛kksa dks /kkj.k fd;s gq, gSA ;g dyk]

okLrqdyk] Hkk’kk] lkfgR; rFkk laLÑfr ds gj {ks= esa fof‛k’V n`f’Vdks.k xzg.k fd;s gq,

gSA

dsjy esa jk’Vªh; ikjEifjd ‚kkL=h; çn‛kZu dyk ^dFkdyh* çfl)

u`R; ukVd gS tks yxHkx 500 o’kZ iqjkuk gS ftldk çHkko gesa fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa fn[kkbZ

1ekR;q] ekeu- ]euksjek b;j cqd] i’B la0 759] ey;kyk euksjek çsl] dksê;e~] 2011- 1

nsrk gSA ^dFkdyh* dk fo[;kr dsUnz ^dyke.Mye~* f=pqj ¼ftls f=‛‛kwj uke ls Hkh

tkuk tkrk gS½ ftys esa fLFkr gSA ^vks.ke* ;gk¡ dk fof‛k’V ioZ gS] tks fd Qly dVus

ds miYk{; esa euk;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr ^ukSdk nkSM+* rFkk ^iwje~* R;kSgkj Hkh

çfl) gSaA

efUnj ;gk¡ dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr dk ifjp; nsrs gSaA dsjy ds dbZ

çkphu efUnjksa esa ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp= Hkh n‛kZuh; gSaA ;gk¡ orZeku le; esa Hkh

fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dk fp=kdau ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

;gk¡ ds çeq[k efUnj& dksê;e~ ftys esa& oasde egknso] ,êqekUuwj egknso] ik.MokFk

‚kkLrk] iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq] fFk#Uudkjk egknso] f=pqj ftys esa& f=ç;j jkek efUnj]

ikatky v¸;Iiudkm efUnj] xq#ok;wj Jh Ñ’.kk efUnj] iFkkukefFkêk ftys esa& vukZeqyk

Jh fo’.kq efUnj] i#ekyk okfy;k iu;Uukjdkm nsoh efUnj] vMwj Jh egkfo’.kq efUnj

blh çdkj ls ikyDdkM] ekykIiqje~] dks>hdksM] f=osUnze vkfn vU; ftyksa ds efUnjksa esa

mRÑ’V fHkfŸk&fp=.k fd;k x;k gS] tks viuh ,d fof‛k’V igpku j[krs gSaA

dsjy bZ‛ojh; Hkwfe ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA çkphu dky ls gh ;gk¡

dh laLÑfr vius esa fo‛ks’k jgh gS ftldks lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa çlkfjr djus gsrq efUnjksa esa

fpf=r fHkfŸk&fp=ksa us eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA dsjy esa ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dk mn~Hko

;fn ‚kq#vkr ls ns[ksa rks 7oha@8oha ‚krh esa lcls çkphu fHkfŸk&fp= fFk#uafndkjk xqQk

efUnj esa ns[ks tk ldrs gSa tks fd orZeku le; esa iM+kslh jkT; rfeyukMq ds

dU;kdqekjh ftys esa vkrk gSA1

,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼16oha ‚krh½] fp= la0&1

;g efUnj dsjy ds dksê;e~ ftys esa fLFkr gS ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj dksê;e~ ‚kgj ls

11 fdeh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr gS tks fd Hkxoku f‛ko dks lefiZr gSA2 ,êqekUuwj egknso

efUnj vius çkphu fHkfŸk&fp=ksa ds laxzg ds fy;s fo[;kr gS tks fd efUnj ds eq[;

ços‛k }kj ds nksuksa vksj fpf=r gSaA

1 Pushpanath, Salim. , Temples of South India, p.9, published by © Dee Bee Info.Publication Kottayam, Kerala.

2 Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnUkakd 13&twu&2013- 2

,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp= 16oha ‚krh ds fpf=r gSaA1 lHkh

fp= ÝsLdks lsdks i)fr esa fufeZr fd;s x;s gSaA ;gk¡ ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa ds fo’k; esa MkW-

vkuan dqekjLokeh us viuh iqLrd ^An Introduction to India* esa o.kZu fd;k gS&

dsoy ;gk¡ ¼,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj½ nzfoM+ fp=dyk dk çkphu mnkgj.k feyrk gSA

;gk¡ xgjs o likV jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS vkSj tks fd

dgha&dgha lqUnj Nk;k çdk‛k ds :Ik esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA fp=ksa esa vf/kdrj yky]

ihys] o dgha&dgha lQsn rFkk dkys jaxks dk ç;ksx n‛kZuh; gSA ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj

ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa lw{e fp=.k ,oa ;wjksih; çHkko Hkh n`’VO; gSA ;gk¡ lHkh vkÑfr;k¡

vyadkfjd oL=kHkw’k.kksa ls lqlfTtr gSa ftuds psgjs xksy] us= iw.kZ [kqys o dku rd

f[kps gq,] ukd yEch] irys v/kj rFkk fpcqd o xnZu ds chp dk fgLlk Hkkjh fpf=r

fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ fp=ksa esa Ik‛kq fp=.k Hkh gqvk gSA

,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dk la;kstu vyadkfjd gSA

;gk¡ fp= /kkfeZd] ikSjkf.kd fo’k;ksa esa fpf=r fd;s x;s gSa ftuesa fo’.kq liZ ‚k¸;k ij ysVs

gq,] f‛ko u`R;] Ñ’.k o xksfi;k¡] f‛kdkj ds n`‛;] ukxjkt] f‛ko mxzewfrZ] f‛kdkjh vkfn

fp= çnf‛kZr gSaA

f=ç;j jkek efUnj] ftyk f=pqj ¼yxHkx 16oha ‚krh½] fp= la0&2

;g efUnj dsjy ds f=pqj ftys esa gSA ;gk¡ ds eq[; dsUnz Hkxoku ^Jh jkekLokeh* gSA

f=ç;j jkek efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp= yxHkx 16oha ‚krh ds fpf=r gSaA2 ÝsLdks i)fr esa

fHkfŸk&fp= fufeZr gSaA ;gk¡ o`Rrkdkj xHkZxzg dh ckgjh fHkfŸk ij fp=kadu dk;Z fd;k

x;k gSA buesa fp=ksa ds fo’k;& Hkw&nsoh o y{eh th ds lkFk fojkteku fo’.kq] f‛ko

mxzewfrZ] Ñ’.kyhyk] dqcsj dudkfHk’ksde~] Jh jke v‛oes?k ;K djrs gq,] osaxksikyk vkfn

gSaA

f=ç;j jkek efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp= vf/kdrj yky o ihys jax dh vkHkk

esa n‛kkZ;s x;s gSaA lkekU;r% dsjy ds efUnjksa dh fp=.k ‚kSyh esa eq[; :i ls yky]

1 Chaitanya, Krishna., A History of Indian Painting The Tradition, p.77, Mumbai, 2011.

2Ramchandran, A., Painted Aboud of Gods Traditions 0f Kerala , P.177, New Delhi, 2005. 3

ihyk] gjk] lQsn o dkys jax dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA fp=ksa esa vkÑfr;k¡ â’V&iq’V ,oa

vkd’kZd os‛kHkw’kk esa fpf=r gSaA eq[; :i ls ;gk¡ vyadkfjdrk] f=&vk;keh çHkko] çÑfr

fp=.k ,oa vkÑfr;ksa esa ekuo vkÑfr;k¡ o i‛kq&i{kh fp=.k esa çnf‛kZr fd;k x;k gSA

f=ç;j jkek efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa xgjs o pVd jax esa fpf=r

i`’BHkwfe ij n`‛;ksa dks muds egRo vuqlkj la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA

i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj] ftyk iFkkukefFkêk ¼16oha ‚krh

mÙkjk/kZ½] fp= la0&3

i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj eUukj ds lehi gS tks fd eq[; :Ik ls

Hknzdkyh nsoh ,oa f‛ko th dks lefiZr gS rFkk ;gk¡ fHkfŸk&fp= vk;rkdkj xHkZxzg dh

ckgjh fHkfŸk ij fpf=r fd;s gSaA1

i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj ftls Hknzdkyh efUnj o

iu;Uukjdkm nsoh efUnj uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS rFkk bl efUnj dh çk.k çfr’Bk

nqokZlk _f’k }kjk dh x;h FkhA2 iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj fHkfŸk&fp= 16oha ‚krh

mRrjk/kZ ds gSaA3 ;gk¡ lw[kh fHkfŸk ij fpf=r fp=ksa esa dsjy dh yksd ijEijkvksa ,oa

;wjksih; çHkko ekWMfyax ds :Ik esa Li’V ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA bu fHkfŸk&fp=ksa ds fo’k;

fgUnw egkdkO;ksa rFkk iqjk.kksa ls fy;s x;s gSa ftuesa& iapeq[kh nsoh] ;‛kksnk o ckyÑ’.k]

flag ij lokj nsoh] ueu djrs gq, ukjn] efg’kklqjen Zuh vkfnA

iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj esa xgjs o pVd jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k

gS ftlesa likV i`’BHkwfe ij vyadj.k o Nk;k çdk‛k ds lkFk f=&vk;keh çHkko nsrh

vkÑfr;ksa dk lqUnj leUo; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA fp=ksa esa yky] ihyk] gjk o dkyk jax

vf/kd rFkk dgha&dgha lQsn jax ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSaA ;gk¡ vkÑfr;ksa dk ‚kkjhfjd

xBu cfy’B js[kk,sa rFkk lhek js[kk eksVh o vyadkfjd gSA fp=ksa esa lEiw.kZ fp= la;kstu

vR;Ur y;kRed] vyadkfjd rFkk vkd’kZd Hkko&Hkafxek;qDr n‛kkZ;k x;k gSA

1Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnukad 15&twu&2013-

2Lo;a lk{kkRdkj] Jh ‚kf‛k ;EczkEnh rFkk Jh jatu vfnLlkj }kjk fnukad 15&twu&2013-

3 Ramchandran, A., Painted Aboud of Gods Traditions 0f Kerala , P.279, New Delhi, 2005. 4

iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼17oha ‚krh½] fp= la0&4

iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj fen¸;hdqUue~ uked NksVh&lh igkM+h ij osade ekxZ esa

dksê;e~ ftys esa fLFkr gS ,oa ;g efUnj Hkxoku fo’.kq dks lefiZr gSA1 ;gk¡ fp=ksa ds

fo’k; /kkfeZd ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj ds

fHkfŸk&fp= 17oha ‚krh ds gSa rFkk ;g efUnj uEcwnjh czkâ.k ifjokj }kjk LFkkfir djk;k

x;kA2 ;g fp= dsjy dh ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp=.k ‚kSyh ij vk/kkfjr gSaA buesa pVd

jaxksa dk vf/kd ç;ksx gqvk gS ftlesa yky] gjk rFkk ihyk jax çeq[k gSA efUnj ds

fHkfŸk&fp= oxkZdkj xHkZxzg dh ckgjh fHkfŸk ij ÝsLdks lsdks i)fr esa fpf=r fd;s x;s

gSaA ;gk¡ fHkfŸk&fp= vyaÑr lhek js[kk }kjk fpf=r gSA

iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa vkÑfr;ksa ds psgjs xksy o

vf/kdrj eqLdjkrs gq, rFkk fpcqd o xnZu dk fgLlk Hkkjh cuk;k x;k gS A vkÑfr;ksa

ds us= dgha&dgha irys] yEcs dku rd f[kaps dgha lkekU;r% ls T;knk [kqys fpf=r

fd;s x;s gSaA Hkko&Hkafxek,sa çHkko;qDr gSaA bu fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa jaxksa }kjk lqUnj Nk;k

çdk‛k fn[kk;k x;k gSA fp=ksa esa vkÑfr;k¡ lqUnj oL=kHkw’k.kksa esa gSaA

iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj esa fp=ksa ds fo’k;& ‚kkLrk ds vuq;k;h]

v)Zukjh‛oj] gfjgj] nqxkZ efg’kklqjefnZuh] jkeiêkfHk’ksde~] osaxksikyk vkfn gSaA

osade egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼18oha ‚krh mÙkjk/kZ½]fp= la0&5 rFkk 8

;g efUnj dsjy ds dksê;e~ ftys esa gS tgk¡ dk eq[; dsUnz Hkxoku fo’.kq gSa ,oa ;gk¡ ds

fHkfŸk&fp= oRrkdkj xHkZxzg dh ckgjh ‚kq’d fHkfŸk ij fpf=r fd;s x;s gaS rFkk bu fp=ksa

ds lkFk ewfrZdyk dk Hkh lqUnj leUOk; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA3 osade egknso efUnj

yxHkx rhu gtkj o’kZ çkphu fufeZr gS rFkk ;gk¡ ds fHkfŸk&fp= 18oha ‚krh mÙkjk/kZ ds

gSaA4 osade egknso efUnj esa /kkfeZd] ikSjkf.kd fo’k;ksa ij fp=.k fd;k x;k gS ftlesa&

v)Zukjh‛oj] Jh jke o okujx.k] cky x.ks‛k o ikoZrh] guqeku th ioZr fy;s]

1 Lo;a losZ{k.k ] fnukad 14&twu&2013-

2 Lo;a lk{kkRdkj ]Jh ukjk;.k uEcwnjh o¸;j }kjk] fnukad 14&twu&2013-

3 Lo;a losZ{k.k ] fnukad 14&twu&2013-

4 Lo;a lk{kkRdkj ] Jh Vh- ,y- dqekj v¸;j }kjk] fnukad 14&twu&2013- 5

fo’.kq&y{eh ,oa ;q) lEcfU/kr fp= Hkh fpf=r fd;s x;s gSaA ;gk¡ likV i`’BHkwfe ij

f=&vk;keh çHkko nsrs gq, ukjaxh vkHkk;qDr jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA fp=ksa esa js[kk,sa

y;kRed ,oa lhek js[kk vyadkfjd o vis{kkÑr eksVh fpf=r dh xbZ gSA osade egknso

efUnj esa fp= la;kstuk vR;Ur ltkoVh gSA

ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼18oha ‚krh½] fp= la0&6 rFkk 7

;g efUnj v;eue~ xk¡o esa dksê;e~ uxj ls 4 fdeh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr gS tks fd Jh

‚kkLrk nsork dks lefiZr gS rFkk ;gk¡ fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dks oxkZdkj xHkZxzg dh ckgjh nhokjksa

ds pkjksa vksj fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA1 ;gk¡ fHkfŸk&fp= dsjy dh ikjEifjd fHkfŸk&fp=.k

‚kSyh esa fpf=r fd;s x;s gSaA bu fHkfŸk&fp=ksa ds fuekZ.k esa lw[kh fHkfŸk dk ç;ksx fd;k

x;k gSA ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk ds fHkfŸk&fp= 18oha ‚krh ds fpf=r gSaA2 ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk

efUnj 996 o’kZ çkphu gS rFkk ;g efUnj psjk lkezkT; ds vUrZxr fufeZr gqvk ,oa

orZeku esa ;g efUnj =ko.kdksj nsokle cksMZ ds laj{k.k esa gSaA3

;gk¡ pVd jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftlesa yky rFkk gjk jax çeq[k

gSA ;gk¡ fp=ksa esa ckâ; js[kk eksrhuqek vyadj.k ls lqlfTtr gS tks fd çcy Hkko

la;kstuk }kjk fp= ds fjDr LFkku dks ?ksjs gq, gSA ;gk¡ fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa vkÑfr;k¡ NksVh]

LFkwy :Ik esa fpf=r dh xbZa gSaA vf/kdrj vkÑfr;k¡ eqLdjkrh gqbZ çnf‛kZr gSaA

ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk efUnj ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa jaxksa }kjk Nk;kçdk‛k dk lqUnj

leUo; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA lEiw.kZ fp=ksa esa vkÑfr;k¡ vR;f/kd vyaÑr oL=kHkw’k.kksa dks

/kkj.k fd;s gq, n‛kkZ;h x;h gSaA

ik.MokFk ‚kkLrk efUnj esa dkfrZds;] ‚kkLrk f‛kdkj djrs gq,] iwtk djus

tkrs yksx] ckyÑ’.k rksrs ds lkFk]osaxksikyk]nf{k.kkewfrZ vkfn fHkfŸk&fp=ksa dk vadu fd;k

x;k gSA rqyukRed n`f’V ls dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk mYysf[kr bu efUnjksa esa

lekurk,sa o vlekurk,sa nksuksa ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA dksê;e~ ds osade egknso efUnj]

ik.MokFk‚kkLrk efUnj] iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj] f=pqj ds f=ç;j jkek efUnj

1Lo;a ljosZ{k.k] fnukad 13&twu&2013-

2 Ramchandran, A., Painted Aboud of Gods Traditions 0f Kerala , P.427, New Delhi, 2005.

3Lo;a lk{kRdkj] Jh bUnzk lkfUFk }kjk] fnukad 13&twu&2013- 6

rFkk iFkkukefFkêk ds i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj bu lHkh efUnjksa dh

LFkkiR;dyk nzfoM+ ‚kSyh esa fufeZr gSA

;gk¡ efUnjksa esa fHkfŸk&fp= vf/kdrj xHkZxzg dh ckgjh fHkfŸk ij fpf=r gSa

ijUrq dksê;e~ fLFkr ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj esa fHkfŸk&fp= ços‛k }kj ds nksuksa vksj gSa

tcfd xHkZxzg dh ckgjh nhokj ij lqUnj dk’B ewfrZdyk dk vadu çnf‛kZr gSA ;gk¡

efUnjksa esa fHkfŸk&fp= dsjy dh ikjEifjd fp=.k ‚kSyh esa gh fpf=r fd;s x;s gSa ftuesa

dbZ ‚kSfy;ksa dk çHkko n`’VO; gSA bu lHkh efUnjksa ds fHkfŸk&fp=ksa esa ouLifrd ,oa

[kfut jaxksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA dksê;e~] f=pqj ,oa iFkkukefFkêk fLFkr efUnjksa esa xHkZxzg

oxkZdkj] vk;rkdkj rFkk dqN o`Rrkdkj esa fufeZr gSaA dsjy ds bu efUnjksa ds

fHkfŸk&fp= Hkkjrh; fp=dyk esa viuh çeq[k fo‛ks’krk j[krs gSaA

fnukad------------------ ‚kks/k Nk=k

va‛kqyh ‚kqDyk

7

Bibliography

1. Coomaraswamy, A. K. The techniques and theory of Indian Painting, Technical

Studies, ׀׀׀ , 2, Combridge, Mass. , 1934.

2. Kramrisch, Stella. Dravida and Kerala in the art of Travancore, Ascona, 1953.

3. Chaitanya, Krishna. A history of Indian Painting the Mural Tradition, First

published 1976, K . K Nair published by Shakti Malik

Abhinav publication E37 Hauzkhas, New Delhi.

4. Hunting, Susan L. The Art of Ancient India Buddhist, Hindu,Jain. Published by:

wether hill, Inc , of Newyork & Tokyo. Printed in Hongkong.

First Edition:1985, second printing, 1993. ISBN 0-8348-0183-3

5. Menon, A. Sreedhara. Cultural Heritage of Kerala, published & printed by D.C.Books,

Kottayam, Kerala, 2008. ISBN 978-81-264-1903-6

6. Menon, Vijayakumar. A Brief Survey of the Art Scennario of Kerala, (International

centre Kerala Studies, Karyavattom)2006. ISBN: 8187590092,

9788187590095

7. Nagpal, J. C. Mural painting in India , Mrs Gayatri Garg for Gian Publishing

house, Delhi, 1988. ISBN: 81-212-0149-7

8. Pushpanath, salim. Temples of South India, published by Dee Bee Info.Publication

Kottayam, Kerala.Printed in Malaysia. ISBN 978-81-88000-19-7

9. Ramachandran, A. Painted Abode of Gods Murals Traditions of Kerala, published

by Indira Gandhi National Centre For the Arts, Vadehra Art

Gallery, New Delhi Printed by Brijbasi art press Ltd. A-81, Secto

-v, Noida. 201301 , U. P., India, 2005. ISBN:8-7737-07-7

10. Reddy, V. V. Subha. Temples of south India, published by Gyan Book pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi, 2009. ISBN 978-81-212-10225

11. Sarkar, H. An Architectural Survey of Temples of KERALA,© Archaeological

Survey of India,1978. Published by The director General,

Archaeological Survey of India , New delhi, printed at the Naba

Mudram pvt. Ltd. Calcutta.

12. Sasi bhooshan, M.G. Murals of Kerala, ( Department of public Relations,

Thiruvananthapuram) 1987.

13. Seth, Mira. Indian painting the Grate Mural Tradition, First Publishing in

India in 2006. Mapin publishing Pvt Ltd. 31 Somnath Road,

Usmanpura Ahmedabad, India. ISBN 81-88240-74-9

14. Singh, Sarina. South India , published by Lonely Planet publications pvt. Ltd.

Printed in Singapore, 5thedition published sep. 2009, first

published nov. 1998. ISBN 978-1-74179-155-6

15. Sivaramamurthi, C. Indian painting, (National Book Trust, India) Reprint, 2002

published by The Director, Publications Division, Ministry of

information and Broadcasting Govt. of India, New Delhi. First

published in 1968, first reprint 1994. ISBN 81-230-0052-9

16. Vincent, M.A. District Handbook of Kerala- KOTTAYAM, published by: Depart

-ment of Information and Relations Govt. of Kerala, 2003.

17. Vaidyanathan, K. R. Temples and Legends of Kerala published by Bhartiya Vidya

Bhavan,Mumbai.1stedition:1982, 2ndedition:1983, 3rdedition:

1996, 4th edition: 200, 5thedition: 2011. ISBN 81-7276-379-4

i=@if=dk,sa

Û ekEeu ekR;q] euksjek b;j cqd] ey;kyk euksjek dEiuh fyfeVsM }kjk

ey;kyk euksjek izsl] dksê;e~ ls lEikfnr] eqfnzr ,oe~ Ikzdkf‛kr] 2011-

Û ,u- ,u- vks>k] ØkWfudy b;j cqd] ØkWfudy ifCyds‛kal ¼çk0½ fy-vks[kyk]

fnYyh] 2008-

fp= ua-&1] f”ko mxzewfrZ] ,êqekUuwj egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼16oha “krh½1

fp= ua&2] v”oes?k ;K] f=ç;j jkek efUnj] ftyk f=pqj ¼yxHkx 16oha “krh½2

1Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnUkakd 13&twu&2013-

²Ramchandran, A., Painted Aboud of Gods Traditions 0f Kerala , P.200, New Delhi, 2005.

fp= ua&3] ;”kksnk o ckyÑ’.k] i#ekyk okfy;k iu;UUkkjdkm nsoh efUnj]

ftyk iFkkukefFkêk ¼16oha“krh mÙkjk/kZ½1

fp= ua&4] [ktwj ds o`{k ij fpfM+;ka o fxygjh] iq.Mkfjdkiqje~ fo’.kq efUnj]

ftyk dksê;e~ ¼17oha “krh½2

1 ogh] i’B la-39-

2 ogh] i’B la-114-

fp= ua&5] Jh jke ;q) dh voLFkk esa] osade egknso efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~

¼18oha “krh mÙkjk/kZ½1

fp= ua& 6] nf{k.kkewfrZ] ik.MokFk “kkLrk efUnj] ftyk dksê;e~ ¼18oha “krh½2

1 Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnukad 14&twu&2013-

2 Ramchandran, A., Painted Aboud of Gods Traditions 0f Kerala , P.125, New Delhi, 2005-

fp= la0& 7] Ikk.MokFk “kkLrk efUnj esa ia0 Jh bUnzk lkfUFk] Jh lquhy

lkfUFk] Jh “kf”k lkfUFk ¼ck;sa ls nk;sa½ ds lkFk Lo;a1

fp= la0&8] osade egknso efUnj esa ia0 Jh Vh-,y-dqekj v¸;j ¼e/; esa½

ds lkFk Lo;a2

1 Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnukad 13&twu&201

2 Lo;a losZ{k.k] fnukad 14&twu&2013