Drugs-Use and Abuse Lesson 3 “Psychoactive Drugs”.

Drugs-Use and Drugs-Use and AbuseAbuseLesson 3Lesson 3

““Psychoactive Drugs”Psychoactive Drugs”

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Chemicals that affect the CNS and alter Chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the Brainactivity in the Brain

StimulantsStimulants What Are They?What Are They?

Stimulants are a class of drugs that Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and well-being, and increase energy and alertness and speed up the CNSalertness and speed up the CNS

Examples of stimulants include Examples of stimulants include cocaine, crack amphetamines, cocaine, crack amphetamines, Methamphetamine, methylphenidate Methamphetamine, methylphenidate (Ritalin®), nicotine, and MDMA (3-4 (Ritalin®), nicotine, and MDMA (3-4 methylenedioxy Methamphetamine, methylenedioxy Methamphetamine, better known as Ecstasy) better known as Ecstasy)

What Are the Common Street What Are the Common Street Names?Names?

Cocaine is generally sold on the Cocaine is generally sold on the street as a fine, white, crystalline street as a fine, white, crystalline powder, known as "coke," "C," powder, known as "coke," "C," "snow," "flake," "blow," "bump," "snow," "flake," "blow," "bump," "candy," "Charlie," "rock," and "candy," "Charlie," "rock," and "toot." "toot."

"Crack," the street name for the "Crack," the street name for the smoke-able form of cocaine, got its smoke-able form of cocaine, got its name from the crackling sound name from the crackling sound made when it's smoked. made when it's smoked.

A "speedball" is cocaine or crack A "speedball" is cocaine or crack combined with heroin or crack and combined with heroin or crack and heroin smoked together. heroin smoked together.

How Are They Used?How Are They Used?

Stimulants can be taken in several Stimulants can be taken in several ways: ways:

Swallowed in pill form Swallowed in pill form Snorted in powder formSnorted in powder form InjectedInjectedHeated in crystal form and Heated in crystal form and

smoked (inhaled into the lungs).smoked (inhaled into the lungs).

Health ConsequencesHealth Consequences high blood pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, high blood pressure, shortness of breath, nausea,

vomiting, and diarrhea. vomiting, and diarrhea. panic attacks and feelings of restlessness, irritability, panic attacks and feelings of restlessness, irritability,

and anxiety. and anxiety. violent behavior, confusion, and insomnia.violent behavior, confusion, and insomnia. ST’s can lead to overdose, which can cause acute ST’s can lead to overdose, which can cause acute

emergencies with the heart or brain, sometimes emergencies with the heart or brain, sometimes resulting in sudden death. resulting in sudden death.

WithdrawalWithdrawal-The signs of withdrawal are profound -The signs of withdrawal are profound depression, apathy, fatigue, long periods of sleep, a depression, apathy, fatigue, long periods of sleep, a lingering impairment of perception, disorientation, lingering impairment of perception, disorientation, and anxiety. and anxiety.

DepressantsDepressants

DDepressantsepressants are substances that are substances that depress the activity of the central depress the activity of the central nervous system. Depressants are often nervous system. Depressants are often referred to as "downers" because of referred to as "downers" because of their sedative, hypnotic and their sedative, hypnotic and tranquilizing effects. tranquilizing effects.

Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB are common depressants

Street Names: Downers, Barbs, Blue Devils, Red Devils, Yellow Jackets,Yellows, Quaaludes, Ludes, Valium, Poppers

Effects on the body….Effects on the body….

impaired judgment, inebriation, slurred impaired judgment, inebriation, slurred speech, and loss of motor coordination.speech, and loss of motor coordination.

Other symptoms include a weak and rapid Other symptoms include a weak and rapid

pulse, slow or rapid but shallow breathing, pulse, slow or rapid but shallow breathing, and cold and clammy skin. and cold and clammy skin.

Date rape drugs………..Date rape drugs………..

Rohypnol a legal sleep aid & GHB an Rohypnol a legal sleep aid & GHB an illegal depressant, are often used in drug-illegal depressant, are often used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults because of its facilitated sexual assaults because of its sedative properties. sedative properties.

Withdrawal from depressants….Withdrawal from depressants….

Withdrawal from depressants can be extreme, Withdrawal from depressants can be extreme, After 24 hours without the drug, symptoms such After 24 hours without the drug, symptoms such as anxiety and agitation may develop, as anxiety and agitation may develop,

Depending on the potency of the drug, Depending on the potency of the drug, withdrawal will peak between two to eight days, withdrawal will peak between two to eight days, causing appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, causing appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, increased heart rate, and abdominal cramps, increased heart rate, and excessive sweating, Some severe symptoms of excessive sweating, Some severe symptoms of withdrawal may be delirium, convulsions, and in withdrawal may be delirium, convulsions, and in some cases, death.some cases, death.

NarcoticsNarcoticsOpiates are: Opium, Morphine, Opiates are: Opium, Morphine,

Heroin, CodeineHeroin, CodeineStreet Names:Street Names: Smack, Horse, Smack, Horse,

Mud, Brown sugar, Junk, Black Mud, Brown sugar, Junk, Black tar, China white, tar, China white,

Effects on the body:Effects on the body:Well known for their medical use Well known for their medical use

of relieving severe pain, of relieving severe pain, narcotics are commonly abused narcotics are commonly abused drugs because of their euphoric drugs because of their euphoric effect and highly addictive quality effect and highly addictive quality

WithdrawalWithdrawal

Withdrawal symptoms such as watery eyes, Withdrawal symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, yawning and perspiration will runny nose, yawning and perspiration will develop only six to eight hours following the last develop only six to eight hours following the last use of the drug. use of the drug.

more severe withdrawal symptoms may develop, more severe withdrawal symptoms may develop, including restlessness, irritability, appetite loss, including restlessness, irritability, appetite loss, tremors, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and chills tremors, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and chills alternating with excessive sweating. It may take alternating with excessive sweating. It may take one to two weeks for the body to return to one to two weeks for the body to return to "normal." "normal."

HallucinogensHallucinogens

Where Do Hallucinogens Come From?Where Do Hallucinogens Come From? Some hallucinogens can be found in plants. Mescaline Some hallucinogens can be found in plants. Mescaline

comes from a cactus called peyote. And certain mushrooms, comes from a cactus called peyote. And certain mushrooms, also known as magic mushrooms, are hallucinogens.also known as magic mushrooms, are hallucinogens.

But many hallucinogens are chemicals that don't But many hallucinogens are chemicals that don't

occur in nature. Some examples are:occur in nature. Some examples are: LSD, MDA, an amphetamine, MDMA--an amphetamine, LSD, MDA, an amphetamine, MDMA--an amphetamine,

called ecstasy, PCP (phencyclidine)called ecstasy, PCP (phencyclidine) Street Names:Street Names: Mesc, Buttons, and Cactus, Magic Mesc, Buttons, and Cactus, Magic

Mushrooms, 'shrooms, Hog, Angel Dust, Loveboat, White Mushrooms, 'shrooms, Hog, Angel Dust, Loveboat, White lightning, Blue heaven, Ecstasy and Sugar Cubeslightning, Blue heaven, Ecstasy and Sugar Cubes

Body effects…………Body effects…………

Hallucinogens cause: Hallucinogens cause: distortions of reality, particularly with sight distortions of reality, particularly with sight smell, and touch. smell, and touch. The "trips" caused by hallucinogens can last for The "trips" caused by hallucinogens can last for

hours. Parts of these trips can feel really good, hours. Parts of these trips can feel really good, and other parts can feel really terrible.and other parts can feel really terrible. Flash backs Flash backs can occur hours, even days after taking the drug.can occur hours, even days after taking the drug.

There is no evidence that hallucinogens cause a There is no evidence that hallucinogens cause a physical dependence; however, psychological physical dependence; however, psychological dependence occurs and extended use may dependence occurs and extended use may result in permanent brain damage. result in permanent brain damage.

Designer drugsDesigner drugs

Ecstasy is a slang term Ecstasy is a slang term for an illegal drug that has for an illegal drug that has effects similar to those of hallucinogens and effects similar to those of hallucinogens and

stimulants. All-night dance club "raves" or stimulants. All-night dance club "raves" or "trances" is where ecstasy is often used."trances" is where ecstasy is often used.

Common Street Names?Common Street Names?ecstasy, E, XTC, X, Adam, ecstasy, E, XTC, X, Adam,

hug, beans, clarity, lover's hug, beans, clarity, lover's speed, and love drug speed, and love drug

How Is It Used? and affectsHow Is It Used? and affects

MDMA is usually taken by mouth in a pill, MDMA is usually taken by mouth in a pill, tablet, or capsuletablet, or capsule

a "hit" of ecstasy lasts for 3 to 6 hours. a "hit" of ecstasy lasts for 3 to 6 hours. abusers might feel very alert or "hyper“, abusers might feel very alert or "hyper“,

They may also experience distortions in time They may also experience distortions in time and other changes in perception, such as and other changes in perception, such as an enhanced sense of touch. an enhanced sense of touch.

the side effects……..the side effects…….. including feelings of sadness, anxiety, including feelings of sadness, anxiety,

depression, and memory difficulties—can last for depression, and memory difficulties—can last for several days to a week several days to a week

Other Effects On the BodyOther Effects On the BodyMDMA can also cause muscle tension, MDMA can also cause muscle tension, clenching of teeth, nausea, blurred vision, clenching of teeth, nausea, blurred vision, fainting, and chills or sweating. It increases heart fainting, and chills or sweating. It increases heart rate and blood pressure. rate and blood pressure.

MDMA abusers can also become dehydrated MDMA abusers can also become dehydrated through vigorous activity in a hot environment. through vigorous activity in a hot environment.