Drugs and Alcohol Anna Blando Kim Boardman Jillian Cordeiro Kristin Pile Connie Williams.

Drugs and AlcoholAnna Blando

Kim Boardman

Jillian Cordeiro

Kristin Pile

Connie Williams

Lesson Plan Day 1 Objectives: To introduce the topic of alcohol and drugs including:

definitions, why people use them, when use becomes a problem, harmful effects of use, and teen use.

Activity Lesson:• What is a drug?• What is alcohol? • Why do people use drugs and alcohol?• When does drug/alcohol use become a problem?• What are the harmful consequences of drug and alcohol use?• Effects of alcohol• Teens and drugs/alcohol Game: What drug am I?

Lesson Plan Day 2 Objective: To provide information on the drugs introduced in the

previous lesson through describing: what they are, how they are used, their effects, the impact they have on the mind and body, and the dangers of use.

Review game Lesson:• Cover individual drugs: Caffeine, Solvents/Inhalants, Ecstasy,

Marijuana, LSD, Date rape drugs, Mushrooms, Opiates(heroin, morphine, codeine), Crystal Methan…, Steroids

• What is it?• How is it used?• How does it affect you?• Impact on the mind• Impact on the body• Dangers

Cont’d

HandoutAssignment- Get into groups of 3 and

choose a drug or alcohol to research in depth. You will present a poster to the class with the following information:

Lesson Plan Day 3

• Objective: To allow the students to demonstrate knowledge and inform their classmates about alcohol or one specific drug in depth, through a poster presentation.

• Presentations

• Feedback

LESSON PLAN #2

Caffeine-What is it?

• Derived from any of a number of plants: coffee, tea, cocoa and some nuts

• Most widely used drug in the world

• Found in coffee, tea and soft drinks

Short Term Effects

• Short Term Effects: elevate mood, reduce feelings of drowsiness and fatigue

• Larger doses may cause irritability, restlessness, nervousness, and insomnia

• Increases amount of urine produced• Increases production of gastric juices• Increases likelihood of birth defects in pregnant

women

Long Term Effects

• Daily use in low-moderate does does not appear to produce any harmful effects

• Large daily doses (250mg/day) may cuase restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle twitching, abnormally rapid and irregular heartbeat, periods of inexhaustibility and agitation, depression

Marijuana- What is it?

• Aka pot, grass, weed, • most commonly used illicit drug. It comes from

the hemp plant (cannabis sativa) • contains 400 different chemicals • main mind-altering ingredient is THC (delta-9-

tetrahydrocannabinol). The amount of THC in marijuana determines the drug’s strength.

How is it used?

• smoked sometimes in a pipe but most often in loosely rolled cigarettes known as “joints”.

• Marijuana can be brewed into tea or mixed in baked products.

Effects• A mild hallucinogen and has some of alcohol’s depressant

and disinhibiting properties. Effects of smoking are felt within a few minutes and peak in 10-30 minutes including: dry mouth and throat, increased heart rate, impaired coordination and balance, delayed reaction time, and diminished short-term memory. Moderate doses induce a sense of well-being, dreamy state of relaxation encourageing fantasies, and distorts perception (making it dangerous to operate machinery, drive a car/boat or ride a bicycle). Stronger doses prompt more intense and often disturbing reactions including paranoia and hallucinations.

Impact on the mind

• Reduces learning ability• Limits the capacity to absorb and

retain information• Inability to focus, sustain attention,

and organize data for as long as 24 hours after the last use of the drug.

Impact on the body

• Chest colds, bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma are common.

• Persistent use will damage lungs and airways and raise the risk of cancer.

• It also affects hormones. Regular use can delay the onset of puberty in young men and reduce sperm production.

• For women, marijuana use may disrupt normal monthly menstrual cycles and inhibit ovulation

Marijuana as Medicine

• US law classifies marijuana as a schedule I controlled substance (no acceptable medical use)

Dangers

• Marijuana Dangers-Impaired perception, diminished short-term memory, loss of concentration and coordination, impaired judgement, increased risk of accidents, loss of motivation, hallucinations, increased heart rate, damage to the respiratory, reproductive, immune systems, increased risk of cancer, psychological dependency.

Cocaine/Crack- What is it?

• A highly addictive drug extracted from the leaves of the coca plant.

• A CNS stimulant • one of the most powerfully addictive drugs• Often seen in the form of cocaine hydrochloride

( a white, crystalline powder)• Distributed on the street

How is it used?

• Cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected

• Crack can be smoked

Short Term Effects

• Short term effects- constricted peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, increased temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, feeling of restlessness, irritability, anxiety.

• Immediate euphoric effects (energy, decreased fatigue, mental clarity)

• Effects are short lived and once the drug leaves the brain, the user experiences a “coke crash” including: depression, irritability, and fatigue

Long Term Effects

• Long term effects- prolonged use can trigger paranoia and aggressive paranoid behaviour in users.

• When addicted individuals stop using cocaine, they often become depressed.

• Ulceration of mucous membrane of the nose

Impact on the mind

• Psychiatric complications: psychosis, paranoia, depression, anxiety disorders, delusions

Impact on the body

• Neurological incidents: strokes, seizures, fungal brain infections, hemorrhaging in tissue surrounding the brain

• Cardiovascular problems: irregular heart beat, heart attack, heart failure

• Sleeplessness, diminished sense of smell, perforated nasal septum, nausea, headaches

• Dependence

• Increased risk of hepatitis, HIV infection and endocarditis (for intravenous users)

Crystal Methanphetamine- what is it?

• A colorless, odorless form of d-metamphetamine, a powerful and highly addictive synthetic (man-made) stimulant

• Resembles small fragments of glass or shiny blue-white “rocks” of various sizes

• Abused because of the long lasting euphoric effects it produces

How is it used?

• Typically is smoked using glass pipes or similar to pipes that are used to smoke crack cocaine.

• May be injected• Can be swallowed and snorted• User immediately experiences an intense

sensation followed by a high that may last 12 or more hours.

Effects

• Moderate doses- makes the user feel energetic, alert, self-confident, powerful

Magic Mushrooms- What are they?

• Several Species of mushrooms can produce hallucinations.

• Many grow wild• Most common is Liberty Cap mushrooms

How are they used?

• Eaten fresh• Cooked• Brewed and consumed in tea• Can be preserved by drying

Short Term Effects

• Short term use- feeling of euphoria and bodily excitement

• Take effect in short time and last btw. 4-9 hrs• At low doses, euphoria and detachment occur• At high doses visual distortions and vivid

hallucinations can occur. Some people react by vomiting, nausea and stomach pains

• “Bad trips” may occur and often develop into a brief psychotic episode.

Long Term Effects

• Tolerance rapidly develops and the next day it may take twice the original dose to produce same effect

• No significant withdrawal effects and no physical dependence but may be a desire to repeat the experience

Ecstacy- What is it?

• 3,4-Methylene-dioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) is the chemical name

• A syntheic psychoactive drug • In its purest form, ecstacy is a white crystalline

powder with a musty odor. • May have a reddish or brownish colour if

impure

How is it used?

• Comes as a tablet, capsule,powder or liquid and is usually taken orally

• May be injected

Effects

• Effects start after 20 mins and can last for hours• Rush feeling followed by a feeling of calm and

sense of well being• Heightened perception of colour and sound• Some feel sick and experience a stiffening up of

arms, legs, and jaw• Thirsty, sleeplessness, depression, and paranoia

Impact on the mind

• Confusion• Depression• Sleep problems• Cravings• Severe anxiety• Paranoia• Psychotic episodes

Impact on the body

• Increase heart rate and blood pressure• Increase body temperature• Lesions on brain tissue• Destroys cells that produce serotonin in the

brain (cells that regulate aggression, mood, sexual activity, sleep, sensitivity to pain)

• Damages brain cells that produce dopamine• Degenerates nerve branches and endings in

which they regrow abnormally

Risks

• Damage to liver• Heat stroke and dehydration• Depression• Death

Solvents/Inhalents- What are they?

• Ordinary household products that are inhaled or sniffed that produce mind-altering vapors.

• Aka: lauging gas, poppers, snappers, etc

How are they used?

• Sniffed, snorted, bagged, or huffed

Short Term Effects

• Intoxication

• Initially, users may feel stimulated and with successive inhalations, feel less inhibited and less in control

• Can lose consciousness.

• Headache

• Muscle weakness

• Abdominal pain

• Mod swings

• Violent behaviour

Long Term Effects

• Heart failure • Death• Suffocation- displaces oxygen in lungs and in

CNS so breathing ceases• Hearing loss, limb spasms, CNS/Brain damage• Liver and kidney damage• Blood oxygen depletion

Steroids-What is it?

• A compound closely related to the male sex hormone testosterone. Steroids come in tablets or liquid form.

How is it used?

• taken orally or injected

• athletes and other users take them typically in cycles of weeks or months.

• Cycling involves taking multiple doses of steroids over a specific period of time, stopping for a period, and starting again.

Short Term Effects

• increase in lean muscle mass, strength, and ability to train longer and harder.

• Some of the short term health hazards are reversible.

• The major effects of anabolic steroid use include liver tumors, jaundice, fluid retention, and high blood pressure.

Long Term Effects

• Men: shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breast.

• Women: growth of facial hair, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle, deepened voice.

• Adolescents: growth halted prematurely through premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes.

Date Rape Drugs- What are they?

• Drugs which have been unknowingly given to an individual to make them less able to resist sexual assault.

• Other names: • Rohypnol - forget pill, roofies, ropes, etc.• G.H.B. (Gammahydoxybutyrate) - Easy lay,

liquid ecstasy gib.• Ketamine – Special K, Kit Kat etc.

How is it used?

• All three common forms can be used in a liquid, pill, or powder.

• Majority of the drugs are typically dissolved into a beverage.

Effects

• Short term effects:

• Rohypnol- person may experience lack of memory, impaired judgement, dizziness and periods of blackouts. Sedation begins in about 30 minutes, peaks within two hours, and lasts about eight hours.

Cont’d

• GHB- The person may experience dizziness, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, amnesia, and vertigo. The person may then experience loss of consciousness, seizures, depressed breathing and coma.

• Ketamine- Person may experience temporary amnesia and hallucinations.

Hallucinogens-What are they?

• Any drug used to produce radical changes in mental state and mood, involving distortions in reality.

• L.S.D ( Lysergic acid diethylamide)- odorless crystalline powder. Common names: acid, blotters, cubes.

• Short Term effects: senses enhanced changes in perception of time and distance, extreme mood swings.

• Long Term effects: decreased motivation and interest, prolonged depression and anxiety.

Cont’d

• P.C.P ( phencyclidine) – white or colored chunks or crystals. Common names: angle dust, dust, super weed. Similar effects as LSD.

• Psilocybin – commonly referred to as magic mushrooms or shrooms. Similar effects as LSD.

How are they used?

• Can be found in tablet, capsules, and occasionally in liquid form. They are odorless, colorless, and has a slightly bitter taste, and usually taken by mouth.

Effects

• Physical effects include: dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate, and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.

Opiates-What are they?

• derived from the poppy plant that have been used to relieve pain.

• They included opium, heroin, morphine, and codeine.

• Most effective pain relievers available to physicians.

• Other names; junk, horse, smack, juice, and meth, etc.

How are they used?

• Opiates appear as dark brown chunks or as a powder and is usually smoked or eaten.

• Heroin can be white or brownish powder which is usually dissolved in water and then injected.

• Most street preparations of heroin are diluted, or cut with other substances such as sugar or quinine.

• Other opiates come in a variety of forms including capsules, tablets, syrups, and solutions.

Effects• depend on the specific opiate used, its source, the

dose, and the way it is used. • Most of the dangers are caused by using too much of a

drug, the use of unsterile needles, contamination of the drug itself, or combing the drug with other substances.

• Opiate users may develop infections of the heart lining and valves, skin abscesses, congested lungs, and profound respiratory depression can result in death.

• Some Heroin side effects; restlessness, vomiting, itchy skin, liver damage, brain damage, moodiness, severe constipation, and for women who are pregnant addicted babies.

Lesson Plan #3

You will be marked on the following:

• Content: demonstrate knowledge of topic

• Creativity

• Originality

• Organization

• Overall presentation

• Group marks

Lesson Plan #1

Activity

What is a drug?

What is alcohol?

Why do people use drugs and alcohol?

When does drug/alcohol use become a problem?

What are the harmful consequences of drug and alcohol

use?

What is a Drug?

• Any substance other than food, which is taken to change the way the body and or mind function

• Different types of drugs:

- Hallucinogens

- Stimulants

- Depressants

- Pain Killers

What is Alcohol?

• Alcohol's effect on the brain is predictable according to the amount consumed. It depresses brain activity and as you continue to drink, alcohol levels in your blood stream increase, affecting specific parts of your brain significantly.

Why Do People Use Drugs/Alcohol

• Reasons can vary from drug to drug

• Curiosity

• Pleasure

• Social Pressures

• Medical Reasons

• Continued use for tension release or escape and physical or psychological dependence

When does Drug/Alcohol Use Become a Problem

• When the use results in negative consequences for the person who uses the drug. These consequences include:

• Physical• Mental• Social• Emotional• Legal• Economic• Environmental

What are the Harmful Consequences of Drug/Alcohol Use

• When the use causes physical, mental, social, legal, or economic problems

• Physical, psychological dependence

Effects of alcohol

• Feeling of relaxation• Giddiness • Light headedness• Increase chance of taking part in risky behaviour• Dizziness• Difficulty with speech and keeping balance• Upset stomach/nausea• Headache• Vomiting• Blackouts

How to talk to your peers about drugs and alcohol

• Talk with them not at them• Educate yourself with

accurate information• Help them understand-

culture • Increase self confidence of

person• Encourage to be involved

in other, more beneficial activities

• Natural to make mistakes

GAME- What drug am I?

An interactive game of fun and learning

What am I?

• I am found in wake-up pills, and diet pills• My withdrawals symptoms include headaches, irritability, tiredness

• Short term effects are:• Increased blood pressure• Decreased appetite, hand shakes

• Long term effects are:• Chronic sleeplessness• Depression• Stomach upset and anxiety

Caffeine

What am I?

• I am sniffed or huffed to give the user and immediate head rush or high.

• I consist mainly of aerosols, lighter fuel, glues, cleaning fluids, marker pen, deodorant, and cleaning fluids.

• Short term effects:• Delusions, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, and nosebleeds• Long term effects:• Brain cell damage, nerve disease, and kidney/liver damage

Solvents/Inhalents

What am I?

• I am usually taken in pill form• I am commonly known as a “rave” drug• I am dangerous due to lack of content control

• Short term effects:• Increased heart rate and blood pressure• Nausea, blurred vision, faintness, chills, sweating• Long term effects:• Damage to the liver• Heat stroke, dehydration, depression, and even death in some

cases

Ecstacy

What am I?

• I am usually smoked in pipes, bongs and “joints”• I am the world’s most commonly used illicit drug• I come from the cannabis plant

• Short term effects:• Pulse rate, heart rate and blood pressure rise• Short term memory, concentration, and ability to think clearly will be

impaired• Long term effects:• Level of sex hormones may decrease• May develop chronic bronchitis and other lung diseases• Ability to learn may be affected

Marijuana

What am I?

• Am I sold on the street in tablets, capsules, and liquid form• My experience is usually referred to as a “trip”• I was big during the 1960s and early 1970s

• Short-term effects:• Senses enhanced• Changes in perception of time and distance• Extreme mood swings• Short-term memory impaired• Long-term effects:• Decreased motivation and interest• Prolonged depression and anxiety• Possible harm to unborn baby

LSD

What am I?

• I am unknowingly given to an individual to make them less able to resist sexual assault.

• Short-term effects:• Impaired judgment, dizziness and periods

of blackout• Long-term effects:• Unknown at this time

Date Rape Drugs

What am I?

• I am usually eaten, brewed and consumed as tea• I contain the hallucinogenic chemicals- psilocybin and psilocin• I have been used in native rituals for thousands of years

• Short-term effects:• Similar to LSD- feeling of euphoria and bodily excitement• Visual distortions and vivid hallucinations• Can include sweating, nervous feeling, and paranoia.• Long-term effects:• Tolerance rapidly develops and the next day it will take twice the

original dose to produce the same effect• No serious long-term effects have been reported

Mushrooms

What am I?

• I am natural or synthetic powder derivatives of the Asian poppy plant• I am used medically to relieve pain, but also have a high potential for

abuse

• Short-term effects: • Euphoria followed by drowsiness, nausea, vomiting• Constricted pupils, watery eyes• Overdose can slow breathing, cause clammy skin, convulsions, coma,

death• Long-term effects:• Mood instability, reduced libido, respiratory impairment

Opiates (heroin, morphine, codeine)

What am I?

• I was originally used by bikers and truckers to stay awake on long journeys

• I can be either be snorted, injected, or smoked in a pipe• I am gaining in popularity as a club drug• I am known to cause excessive cleaning

• Health risks:• Paranoia, short term memory loss, wild rages, mood

swings as well as damage to your immune system• Overdosing can lead to severe convulsions, followed by

circulatory and respiratory collapse, coma and death

Crystal Methanphetamine

What am I?

• I am extracted from the leaves of the coca plant• I am a potent brain stimulant and one of the most powerfully addictive

drugs• I can be snorted as a powder, converted to a liquid form for injection

with a needle, or processed into a crystal form to be smoked

• Short-term effects:• Dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, loss of

appetite, irritability, and anxiety.• Muscle spasms, convulsions, and become energetic• Long-term effects:• Paranoia, depression, weight loss, sleeplessness• Snorting can cause ulceration of the mucous membrane of the nose

Cocaine/Crack

What am I?

• I am found in liquid or pill form, and can be injected or swallowed

• I make people bigger and stronger• I got Ben Johnson in trouble

• Short-term effects:• Liver tumors, jaundice, fluid retention, and high blood

pressure• Shrinking of testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility,

baldness, and “bitch tits” in males.• Extreme irritability, delusions, and impaired judgment

stemming from feelings of invincibility.

Steroids