Drugs An overview. Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect our nervous systems; and, as a result, may alter consciousness and awareness, influence how.

DrugsAn overview

Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect our nervous systems;

and, as a result, may alter consciousness and awareness, influence how we sense and perceive things, and modify our moods, feelings, emotions, and thoughts.

Psychoactive Drugs are both licit (legal) and illicit (illegal)

Addiction Means a person has

developed a behavioral pattern of drug abuse that is marked by an overwhelming and compulsive desire to obtain and use drugs; even after stopping, the person has a strong tendency to relapse and begin using drugs again.

Tolerance Means that after a person

uses a drug repeatedly over a period of time, the original dose of the drug no longer produces the desired effect so that a person must take increasingly larger does of the drug to achieve the same behavioral effect.

Dependency Refers to a change in

the nervous system so that a person now needs to take the drug to prevent the occurrence of painful withdrawal symptoms.

Withdrawal Symptoms Are painful physical

and psychological symptoms that occur after a drug-dependent person stops using the drug.

Drug use in Adults and Teens

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Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Other

Adults

Teens

Stimulants Includes cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine,

and nicotine. Increase activity of the central nervous

system and result in heightened alertness, arousal, euphoria, and decreased appetite and fatigue.

Cocaine and amphetamines are powerful stimulants and caffeine and nicotine are mild

Cocaine (including crack) Americans spend

about 38 billion dollars annually on crack/cocaine

Over 303 tons of pure cocaine is consumed annually in the U.S.A.

Amphetamines and Methamphetamine Amphetamines are usually taken in pill form.

Many are prescribed for legitimate illnesses. Cause increase in blood pressure, enhanced mood, alertness, and energy

Methamphetamine (meth) is a synthetic crystal like drug that is smoked through a glass pipe. Causes aggression, disorientation, rapid heart rate. Highly addictive.

Caffeine Mild stimulant Causes alertness,

decreased fatigue and drowsiness.

Dependency is not life threatening, but is not healthy. Body can suffer from withdrawal symptoms if cut off from heavy or regular doses.

Nicotine Mild Stimulant Produces arousal of

nervous system… then calming.

Low doses improves attention and concentration.

High doses cause addiction

Long term use causes cancer

Opiates Opium, Morphine, Heroin Produce pain reduction,

euphoria, and constipation.

Highly addictive Brain produces less

endorphins after continued use which makes user more likely to increase doses… overdose becomes more likely.

Hallucinogens Produce strange and unusual perceptual,

sensory, and cognitive experiences. LSD, Psilocybin, Mescaline, Ecstasy Some are used to treat illnesses in very low

doses. These drugs are not always addictive, but

are very dangerous due to a user’s actions while on the drug.

Alcohol A depressant, which means it depresses

the activity of the central nervous system. Initially, alcohol seems like a stimulant

because it reduces inhibitions, but later it depresses many physiological and psychological responses.

Heavy drinking may result in tolerance, addiction, and dependency.

Cultural Alcoholism Rates

0

5

10

15

20

25

Koreans Canadians Americans Chinese

Alcoholics

Marijuana Causes euphoria; high doses may cause

hallucinations, and distortions of body image.

No long term affects to brain or nervous system, but long term use increases lung disease and cancer by 20% more than tobacco users.

Often a gateway to more dangerous drugs… especially for teenagers.

Drug Prevention and Treatment Drug prevention is provided through

education at early ages. Drug treatments are provided through

specially designed programs through rehabilitation centers and hospitals.

Most rehab programs are individually designed. Many have low success rates.