Dr.Nihal El Habachi MD Professor of Physiology, Executive Academic & administrative Director of Alex CRC, Faculty of Medicine- Alexandria University Certified Trainer of GCP & Clinical Research Coordination, University of Maryland,USA Nutrition 2015,Chicago,USA
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Dr.Nihal El Habachi MD Professor of Physiology, …...Nutrition 2015,Chicago,USA CDSCO Egypt The menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian
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Dr.Nihal El Habachi MD Professor of Physiology, Executive Academic & administrative
Director of Alex CRC, Faculty of Medicine-Alexandria University
Certified Trainer of GCP & Clinical Research Coordination, University of Maryland,USA
Nutrition 2015,Chicago,USA
CDSCO
Egypt
The menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity.
It is associated with several disorders including:
IR
E2 has both direct antioxidant effect due to the similarity of its structure with Vit E and indirect effect through upregulation of both enzymatic and non enzymatic scavengers.
The loss of estrogens associated with menopause leads to increase ROS production and OS.
OS is defined as imbalance between ROS and antioxidants in favour of the former with formation of peroxidation products.
Recently, many studies suggested the involvement of OS in several menopausal disorders.
Hormonal replacement therapy
The principal risks
Stroke
Venous thromboembolic events
Breast & endometrial cancer
So it is suggested to use alternative treatments as
Antioxidants
Oxidative stress
Weight gain& visceral obesity
Dyslipidemia
Insulin resistance
Osteoporosis
Vitamin C&A
Estrogen replacement
Group I:Normal,Control
Group II:Oophorectomised (OVX)
Group III:OVX+E2
Group IV: OVX+ Vitamins
10 sham operated rats represented as controls received corn oil daily orally.
10 OVX rats received 17β- estradiol (E2) (0.5 mg/kg/day) orally.
Group III OVX+E2
10 OVX rats received daily doses of vitamin C (100mg/kg)dissolved in distilled water and vitamin A (1500 IU/kg) dissolved in corn oil orally.
The doses were decreased gradually over a period of 10 days till a maintenance doses (vit A 500 IU/kg) and (vit C 25mg/kg).
All treatments started from the day following surgery up to 6 weeks (end of the study).
Body weight was assessed before and every week of the experimental period.
Treatment was given
via a gastric tube .
All rats were weighed to assess the weight gain.
The perinephric, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal fat
pads are removed and weighed as an indicator for
visceral obesity.
blood sample:
Markers of oxidative stress: TAO, MDA
Total lipid profile: TC, TG, HDL, LDL
Fasting serum insulin
Fasting blood glucose
HOMA-IR
BALP as a marker for bone formation.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Control OVX OVX + E2 OVX +Vitamins
Me
an
(TAO) [mM/L]
*
Mean serum total antioxidant capacity (TAO)
* : significantly different in comparison to control : significantly different in comparison to OVX group
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Control OVX OVX + E2 OVX +Vitamins
Me
an
(MDA) [nmol/ml]
* *
*
* : significantly different in comparison to control group :significantly different in comparison to OVX group :significantly different in comparison to OVX+ E2 group
Mean serum malondialdehyde (MDA)
Mean weight gain and weight of visceral fat in grams
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Me
an
Weight gain
*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Me
an
Weight of visceral fat …
*
*: significantly different in comparison to control sham operated group significantly different in comparison to ovariectomized group
* : significantly different in comparison to control group : significantly different in comparison to OVX group : significantly different in comparison to OVX+ E2 group
*
*
* *
Lipid profile in all studied groups
Increases the No. of hepatic LDL receptors leading to increase LDL clearance.
Increase the rate of production of triglyceride rich VLDL
Increases hepatic expression of apolipoprotein-A1 & decreases HTGL activity that degrades TG portion in HDL leading to a decrease in clearance of HDL.
Estrogen
Activation of 7 α- hydroxylase that enhances the conversion of cholesterol into cholic acid.
Prevents the peroxidation of LDL enhancing its clearance.
Correlation between MDA and LDL
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
LDL
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
r= 0.69** P=.000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Control OVX OVX + E2 OVX +Vitamins
Me
an
Fasting blood glucose level
* * *
Mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (mg/ dl)
* : significantly different in comparison to control group : significantly different in comparison to OVX group