Dr_Jose_Rizal[1]

Advent of A National HeroAdvent of A National Hero

He is a unique example He is a unique example of a many-splendored of a many-splendored genius.genius.The greatest hero.The greatest hero.He was an educator, He was an educator, surveyor, cartographer, surveyor, cartographer, humorist, prophet, humorist, prophet, bibliophile…bibliophile…Above and beyond all Above and beyond all the aforementioned the aforementioned roles he played, he was roles he played, he was a hero and a political a hero and a political martyr.martyr.

The Birth of a HeroThe Birth of a HeroHe was born on June He was born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna Province;Laguna Province;He was baptized in the He was baptized in the Catholic Church of his Catholic Church of his town on June 22 by town on June 22 by Father Rufino Collantes.Father Rufino Collantes.His godfather was His godfather was Father Pedro Casanas.Father Pedro Casanas.His name was derived His name was derived from a Christian Saint – from a Christian Saint – San Jose.San Jose.

Rizal ParentsRizal ParentsThe hero’s father, The hero’s father, Francisco Mercado Rizal Francisco Mercado Rizal was born in Biñan, was born in Biñan, Laguna, on May 11, Laguna, on May 11, 1818.1818.He studied Latin and He studied Latin and Philosophy at the Philosophy at the College of San Jose in College of San Jose in Manila.Manila.He was a tenant-He was a tenant-farmer of the farmer of the Dominican-owned Dominican-owned hacienda.hacienda.He died on January 5, He died on January 5, 1898.1898.

Rizal ParentsRizal ParentsTeodora Alonso Teodora Alonso Realonda was born in Realonda was born in Manila on November 8, Manila on November 8, 1826.1826.She was educated at She was educated at the College of Santa the College of Santa Rosa.Rosa.She was a remarkable She was a remarkable woman, possessing woman, possessing refine culture, literary refine culture, literary talent, business ability talent, business ability and fortitude.and fortitude.She died in Manila on She died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at age August 16, 1911, at age of 85.of 85.

The Rizal ChildrenThe Rizal Children1.1. Saturnina Saturnina (1850–1913)(1850–1913)

oldest of the Rizal oldest of the Rizal children, she married children, she married Manuel T. Hidalgo.Manuel T. Hidalgo.

2.2. Paciano Paciano (1851– 1930)(1851– 1930) older older brother and confident brother and confident of Jose Rizal; he of Jose Rizal; he joined Philippine joined Philippine Revolution and Revolution and became combat became combat general; died on April general; died on April 13, 1930, aged 79. He 13, 1930, aged 79. He had two children by had two children by his mistress, Severina his mistress, Severina Decena.Decena.

The Rizal ChildrenThe Rizal Children3.3. Narcisa Narcisa (1852-1939)(1852-1939)

married Antonio married Antonio Lopez, a school Lopez, a school teacher Morong. teacher Morong.

4.4. Olimpia Olimpia (1855 – 1887)(1855 – 1887) Ypia Ypia was her pet name, was her pet name, married Silvestre married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila.operator from Manila.

5.5. Lucia Lucia (1857 – 1919)(1857 – 1919) She She married Mariano married Mariano Herbosa.Herbosa.

The Rizal ChildrenThe Rizal Children 6.6. Maria Maria (1859 – 1945)(1859 – 1945) Biang Biang

was her nickname; was her nickname; she married Daniel she married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna.Binan, Laguna.

7.7. JOSE JOSE (1861 – 1896)(1861 – 1896) Pepe was Pepe was his nickname.his nickname.

8.8. Concepcion Concepcion (1862 – 1865)(1862 – 1865) her pet name was her pet name was Concha. She died of Concha. She died of sickness at age 3.sickness at age 3.

The Rizal ChildrenThe Rizal Children9.9. Josefa Josefa (1865 – 1945)(1865 – 1945) her pet her pet

name was Panggoy; name was Panggoy; she died an old maid she died an old maid at the age of 80.at the age of 80.

10.10. Trinidad Trinidad (1868 – 1951)(1868 – 1951) she she died also an old maid died also an old maid at the age of 83.at the age of 83.

11.11. Soledad Soledad (1870 – 1929)(1870 – 1929) youngest of the Rizal youngest of the Rizal children, married children, married Pantaleon Quintero of Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba. Calamba.

Rizal’s AncestryRizal’s AncestryRizal’s great-great Rizal’s great-great grandfather on his grandfather on his father’s side was father’s side was Domingo LameoDomingo Lameo, a , a Chinese immigrant from Chinese immigrant from the the Fukien city of Fukien city of ChangchowChangchow, who , who arrived in Manila about arrived in Manila about 1690.1690.He became a Christian, He became a Christian, married well-to-do married well-to-do Chinese Christian girl of Chinese Christian girl of Manila named Ines de la Manila named Ines de la Rosa.Rosa.In 1731 assumed the In 1731 assumed the surname Mercado.surname Mercado.

Rizal’ AncestryRizal’ AncestryDomingo and Ines had Domingo and Ines had a son, Francisco a son, Francisco Mercado, who resided Mercado, who resided in Binan, married a in Binan, married a Chinese-Filipino Chinese-Filipino meztiza, Cirila meztiza, Cirila Bernacha, and was Bernacha, and was elected gobernadorcillo elected gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor) of (municipal mayor) of the town.the town.One of their sons, Juan One of their sons, Juan Mercado (Rizal’s Mercado (Rizal’s grandfather), married grandfather), married Cirila Alejandro, a Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese Meztiza.Chinese Meztiza.

Rizal’s AncestryRizal’s AncestryCapitan Juan and Capitan Juan and Capitana Cirila had Capitana Cirila had thirteen (13) children, thirteen (13) children, the youngest being the youngest being Francisco Mercado, Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s father.Rizal’s father.At the age of eight, At the age of eight, Francisco lost his father Francisco lost his father and grew up to and grew up to manhood under the manhood under the care of his mother.care of his mother.While studying in While studying in Manila, he met Teodora Manila, he met Teodora Alonso Realonda.Alonso Realonda.

Rizal’s AncestryRizal’s Ancestry

Francisco Mercado and Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Teodora Alonso Realonda were married Realonda were married on June 28, 1848, after on June 28, 1848, after which they settled which they settled down in Calamba, down in Calamba, where they engaged in where they engaged in farming and business farming and business and reared a big family.and reared a big family.

Rizal’s AncestryRizal’s AncestryIt is said that Doña It is said that Doña Teodora’s family Teodora’s family descended from descended from Lakan- Lakan- DulaDula, the last native , the last native king of Tondo. Her king of Tondo. Her great-grandfather great-grandfather (Rizal’s maternal great-(Rizal’s maternal great-great grandfather) was great grandfather) was Eugenio UrsuaEugenio Ursua (of (of Japanese ancestry), Japanese ancestry), who married a Filipina who married a Filipina named named BenignaBenigna..Their daughter, Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel Regina, married Manuel de Quintos, de Quintos,

Rizal’s AncestryRizal’s Ancestry(cont.) a Filipino-(cont.) a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan. One of the Pangasinan. One of the daughters of Attorney daughters of Attorney Quintos and Regina was Quintos and Regina was BrigidaBrigida, who married , who married Lorenzo Alberto AlonsoLorenzo Alberto Alonso, , a prominent Spanish-a prominent Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Filipino mestizo of Biñan.Biñan.Their children were Their children were Narcisa, Teodora Narcisa, Teodora (Rizal’s mother), (Rizal’s mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose.Jose.

A Good and Middle-Class A Good and Middle-Class FamilyFamily

The Rizal family The Rizal family belonged to the belonged to the principaliaprincipalia, a town , a town aristocracy in Spanish aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.Philippines.From the farms, which From the farms, which were rented from the were rented from the Dominican Order, they Dominican Order, they harvested rice, corn, harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane. Also, and sugarcane. Also, they raise pigs, they raise pigs, chickens, and turkeys.chickens, and turkeys.

A Good and Middle-Class A Good and Middle-Class FamilyFamily

His mother managed a His mother managed a general goods store and general goods store and operated a small flour-operated a small flour-mill and a home-made mill and a home-made ham press.ham press.Rizal’s parents were Rizal’s parents were able to build a large able to build a large stone house which was stone house which was situated near the town situated near the town church and to buy church and to buy another one.another one.They owned a They owned a carriage, a status carriage, a status symbol of illustrados.symbol of illustrados.

A Good and Middle-Class A Good and Middle-Class FamilyFamily

The family also owned The family also owned a private library (the a private library (the largest in Calamba) largest in Calamba) which consisted of more which consisted of more than 1,000 volumes.than 1,000 volumes.

HOME LIFE OF THE HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALSRIZALSThe Rizal family had a The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and simple, contented, and happy life.happy life.Rizal children were Rizal children were trained to love God, to trained to love God, to be obedient, and to be obedient, and to respect people ( old respect people ( old folks).folks).

Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily LifeLife

1.1.Love of GodLove of God

2.2.Purity and Purity and IdealismIdealism

3.3.Noble Noble ConductConduct

4.4.Love of Love of FellowmenFellowmen

Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily LifeLife

5. Love of 5. Love of ParentsParents

6. Charity6. Charity

7. Love of 7. Love of CountryCountry

8. Courage8. Courage

9. Will Power9. Will Power

10. Honesty10. Honesty

11. Devotion to Truth11. Devotion to Truth

12. Self Sacrifice12. Self Sacrifice

13. Fortitude13. Fortitude

14. Serenity14. Serenity

15. Self Control15. Self Control

16. Initiative16. Initiative

17. Tolerance17. Tolerance

18. Prudence18. Prudence

Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily LifeLife

19. Obedience19. Obedience

20. Courtesy & 20. Courtesy & PolitenessPoliteness

21. Thrift21. Thrift

22. Gratitude22. Gratitude

23. Love for 23. Love for JusticeJustice

24. Living by 24. Living by ExampleExample

Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily Rizal’s Moral Legacies for our Daily LifeLife

Childhood Years in CalambaChildhood Years in Calamba Rizal’s natal town, Rizal’s natal town,

Calamba, was named Calamba, was named after the big jar, a after the big jar, a fitting cradle for a hero.fitting cradle for a hero.

The happiest period of The happiest period of Rizal’s life was spent in Rizal’s life was spent in this lakeshore town.this lakeshore town.

Calamba was a hacienda Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to town which belonged to the Dominican Order, the Dominican Order, which also owned all which also owned all lands around it.lands around it.

Childhood Years in CalambaChildhood Years in Calamba In 1876, when he was In 1876, when he was

15 years old and was a 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo student in the Ateneo de Manila, he wrote a de Manila, he wrote a poem-Un Recuerdo A Mi poem-Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of Pueblo (In Memory of My Town).My Town).

I yet recall a village plainI yet recall a village plain My joy, my family, my boon,My joy, my family, my boon, Besides the freshly cool lagoonBesides the freshly cool lagoon

—— The spot for which my heart The spot for which my heart

beats warm.beats warm.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories His father built a little His father built a little

nipa cottage in the nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in garden for him to play in the daytime.the daytime.

The daily Angelus prayer.The daily Angelus prayer. His aya (nurse maid) His aya (nurse maid)

related to the Rizal related to the Rizal children many stories children many stories about fairies, tales of about fairies, tales of buried treasure at the buried treasure at the azotea after the nightly azotea after the nightly Rosary.Rosary.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories First Sorrow: Concha First Sorrow: Concha

died of sickness in 1865 died of sickness in 1865 when she was only when she was only three years old.three years old.

At age 5 he was able to At age 5 he was able to read haltingly the read haltingly the Spanish family Bible.Spanish family Bible.

One of the men he One of the men he esteemed and esteemed and respected was the town respected was the town pries, Father Leoncio pries, Father Leoncio Lopez.Lopez.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories July 6, 1868, Jose and July 6, 1868, Jose and

his father left Calamba his father left Calamba to go on pilgrimage to to go on pilgrimage to Antipolo.Antipolo.

It was the first trip of It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Jose across Laguna de Bay.Bay.

The Story of the Moth – The Story of the Moth – Rizal’s favorite story. Rizal’s favorite story.

The young moth made The young moth made the profoundest the profoundest impression on him.impression on him.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories Artistic talent: At the age Artistic talent: At the age

of five (5), he began to of five (5), he began to make sketches with his make sketches with his pencil and to mold in clay pencil and to mold in clay and wax objects which and wax objects which attracted his fancy.attracted his fancy.

He painted in oil colors a He painted in oil colors a new banner that replaced new banner that replaced the religious banner the religious banner which was always used which was always used during the town fiesta.during the town fiesta.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories One interesting One interesting

anecdote about Rizal anecdote about Rizal was the incident about was the incident about his clay and wax images.his clay and wax images.

He was about six years He was about six years old then, his sisters old then, his sisters laughed at him for laughed at him for spending so much time spending so much time making those images.making those images.

““All right laugh at me now! All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of make monuments and images of me!me!

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories First Poem by Rizal: Sa First Poem by Rizal: Sa

Aking Mga Kababata Aking Mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children). (To My Fellow Children). He wrote his first poem He wrote his first poem at the age of eight.at the age of eight.

The poem reveals The poem reveals Rizal’s earliest Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment.nationalist sentiment.

First drama of Rizal First drama of Rizal which was a Tagalog which was a Tagalog comedy.comedy.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories Rizal as Boy Magician. Rizal as Boy Magician.

He learned various He learned various tricks, such as making a tricks, such as making a coin appear or coin appear or disappear. disappear.

He also entertained his He also entertained his town folks with magic-town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions.lantern exhibitions.

He also gained skill in He also gained skill in manipulating manipulating marionettes (puppet marionettes (puppet shows).shows).

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories INFLUENCES IN THE INFLUENCES IN THE

HERO’S BOYHOODHERO’S BOYHOOD

1.1. Hereditary Influence: Hereditary Influence: From his Malayan From his Malayan ancestors, Rizal inherited ancestors, Rizal inherited his love for freedom, his his love for freedom, his innate desire to travel, innate desire to travel, and his courage.and his courage.

From his Chinese From his Chinese ancestors, he derived his ancestors, he derived his serious nature, frugality,serious nature, frugality,

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood MemoriesCont. Chinese ancestors…Cont. Chinese ancestors…

patience, and love for patience, and love for children.children.

From his Spanish From his Spanish ancestors, he got his ancestors, he got his elegance for bearing, elegance for bearing, sensitivity to insult, and sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies.gallantry to ladies.

From his father he inherited a From his father he inherited a profound sense of self-profound sense of self-respect, the love for work, respect, the love for work, and the habit of independent and the habit of independent thinking.thinking.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories He inherited from his He inherited from his

mother his religious mother his religious nature, the spirit of self-nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the sacrifice, and the passion for arts and passion for arts and literature.literature.

2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCEENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE

It includes places, It includes places, associates, and events. associates, and events.

The scenic beauties of Calamba The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of the and the beautiful garden of the Rizals stimulated the inborn Rizals stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of artistic and literary talents of Rizal.Rizal.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories The religious The religious

atmosphere at his home atmosphere at his home fortified his religious fortified his religious nature.nature.

His brother Paciano, His brother Paciano, instilled in his mind the instilled in his mind the love for freedom and love for freedom and justice.justice.

From his sisters, he From his sisters, he learned to be courteous learned to be courteous and kind to women.and kind to women.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories

Influences of his 3 uncles:Influences of his 3 uncles: Tio Jose Alberto inspired Tio Jose Alberto inspired

him to develop his artistic him to develop his artistic ability.ability.

Tio Manuel encourage him Tio Manuel encourage him to develop his frail body by to develop his frail body by means of physical exercises, means of physical exercises, including horse riding, including horse riding, walking, and wrestling.walking, and wrestling.

Tio Gregorio intensified his Tio Gregorio intensified his voracious reading of good voracious reading of good books.books.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories Fr. Leoncio Lopez, Fr. Leoncio Lopez,

fostered Rizal’s love for fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and scholarship and intellectual honesty.intellectual honesty.

Death of Concha Death of Concha contributed to strengthen contributed to strengthen his character, enabling his character, enabling him to resist blows of him to resist blows of adversity in later years.adversity in later years.

The Spanish brutalities The Spanish brutalities and cruelties awakened and cruelties awakened his spirit of patriotism.his spirit of patriotism.

Earliest Childhood MemoriesEarliest Childhood Memories In 1872, the execution In 1872, the execution

of Fathers Gomez, of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora Burgos, and Zamora inspired him to inspired him to consecrate his life and consecrate his life and talents to redeem his talents to redeem his oppressed people.oppressed people.

3.3. AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCEAID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE

Greater than heredity and Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of environment in the fate of man is the aid of Divine man is the aid of Divine Providence.Providence.

EARLY EDUCATIONEARLY EDUCATION FIRST TEACHER: His FIRST TEACHER: His

mother.mother.

On her lap, he learned at On her lap, he learned at age 3 the alphabet and the age 3 the alphabet and the prayers.prayers. She encouraged him to She encouraged him to

write poems;write poems; She related many stories She related many stories

to stimulate her son’s to stimulate her son’s imagination.imagination.

His parents employed His parents employed private tutors to give him private tutors to give him lessons at homelessons at home..

EARLY EDUCATIONEARLY EDUCATION RIZAL’S PRIVATE RIZAL’S PRIVATE

TUTORS:TUTORS: Maestro CelestinoMaestro Celestino Maestro Lucas PaduaMaestro Lucas Padua Leon Monroy – a former Leon Monroy – a former

classmate of Rizal’s father classmate of Rizal’s father who instructed Jose in who instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin;Spanish and Latin;

RIZAL GOES TO Biñan:RIZAL GOES TO Biñan: June, 1869 – Jose June, 1869 – Jose

accompanied by Paciano accompanied by Paciano left Calamba for Biñan.left Calamba for Biñan.

EARLY EDUCATIONEARLY EDUCATION Maestro Justiniano Aquino Maestro Justiniano Aquino

Cruz – owned the school Cruz – owned the school in Biñan which was a in Biñan which was a small nipa hut.small nipa hut.

Pedro – the teacher’s son, Pedro – the teacher’s son, a bully who challenged a bully who challenged Rizal for a fight and was Rizal for a fight and was defeated by the small and defeated by the small and younger Calamba boy.younger Calamba boy.

Andres Salandanan – a Andres Salandanan – a classmate who defeated classmate who defeated him in arm-wrestling.him in arm-wrestling.

EARLY EDUCATIONEARLY EDUCATION Spartan – an adjective which Spartan – an adjective which

means marked by strict self-means marked by strict self-discipline and avoidance of discipline and avoidance of comfort and luxury.comfort and luxury.

In academic studies, Jose In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He beat all Biñan boys. He surpassed them all in surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.subjects.

On December 17, 1870 after On December 17, 1870 after one year and a half of one year and a half of schooling he boarded on the schooling he boarded on the steamer TALIM to Calamba.steamer TALIM to Calamba.

Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877) Jesuits System of Jesuits System of

Education – more advanced Education – more advanced than other colleges.than other colleges.

It trained the character of It trained the character of the student by rigid the student by rigid discipline and religious discipline and religious instruction.instruction.

It promoted physical It promoted physical culture, humanities, and culture, humanities, and scientific discipline.scientific discipline.

Students are divided into Students are divided into two groups:two groups:

Ateneo de ManilaAteneo de Manila1.1. Roman Empire (internos)Roman Empire (internos)

2.2. Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Empire (externos)(externos)

March 23, 1877 March 23, 1877 Commencement Day Commencement Day

First Romance: Segunda First Romance: Segunda Katigbak from BinanKatigbak from Binan

He graduated with the He graduated with the highest honor – highest honor – Sobresaliente or Sobresaliente or OutstandingOutstanding

UST (1877-1882)UST (1877-1882) April 1877 – Rizal April 1877 – Rizal

matriculated in the UST, matriculated in the UST, taking the course on taking the course on Philosophy and Letters.Philosophy and Letters.

He took vocational course-He took vocational course-for the title perit for the title perit agrimensor.agrimensor.

At the age of 17, he passed At the age of 17, he passed the final examination but the final examination but title was issued to him on title was issued to him on November 25, 1881.November 25, 1881.

Romance with other Girls: Romance with other Girls: “Miss L”“Miss L”

USTUST When he was a freshman When he was a freshman

at UST he experienced his at UST he experienced his first taste of Spanish first taste of Spanish brutality during his brutality during his vacation (summer of 1878).vacation (summer of 1878).

Unhappy days at UST:Unhappy days at UST: Dominican professors are Dominican professors are

hostile to him.hostile to him. Filipino students were Filipino students were

racially discriminated against racially discriminated against Spaniards.Spaniards.

Method of instructions was Method of instructions was obsolete and repressive.obsolete and repressive.

SPAIN (1882 – 1885)SPAIN (1882 – 1885) May 3, 1882 Rizal departed May 3, 1882 Rizal departed

on board of the Spanish on board of the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.for Singapore.

May 11, 1882 Rizal May 11, 1882 Rizal transferred to another ship transferred to another ship Djemnah bound for Europe.Djemnah bound for Europe.

June 16, 1882 He reached June 16, 1882 He reached his destination – Barcelona.his destination – Barcelona.

November 3, 1882 Rizal November 3, 1882 Rizal enrolled at Universidad enrolled at Universidad Central de MadridCentral de Madrid

SPAINSPAIN Romance with Consuelo Romance with Consuelo

y Perez.y Perez. June 17 – August 20, June 17 – August 20,

1883 Rizal’s sojourn in 1883 Rizal’s sojourn in Paris.Paris.

March 1883 he joined March 1883 he joined the Masonic lodge called the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid.Acacia in Madrid.

November 15, 1890he November 15, 1890he became a Master Mason became a Master Mason of Lodge Solidaridad.of Lodge Solidaridad.

SPAINSPAIN June 24, 1884 he was a June 24, 1884 he was a

guest speaker in a guest speaker in a banquet held in honor of banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.Resurreccion Hidalgo.

November 20, 21, & 22, November 20, 21, & 22, 1884 Madrid explode in 1884 Madrid explode in bloody riot by the student bloody riot by the student of Central University.of Central University.

June 21, 1884 He June 21, 1884 He conferred the degree of conferred the degree of Licentiate in MedicineLicentiate in Medicine

BERLIN (1885 – 1887)BERLIN (1885 – 1887) November 1885 – November 1885 –

February 1886 – He February 1886 – He worked as an assistant to worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, Dr. Louis de Weckert, leading French leading French Ophthalmologists.Ophthalmologists.

February 1, 1886 – Rizal February 1, 1886 – Rizal went to Germany.went to Germany.

February 3, 1886 – Rizal February 3, 1886 – Rizal arrived at Heidelberg.arrived at Heidelberg.

1886 Rizal’s darkest 1886 Rizal’s darkest winterwinter

BERLINBERLIN Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s,

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired Rizal to prepare inspired Rizal to prepare the novel depicting the the novel depicting the miseries of his people.miseries of his people.

January 2, 1884 reunion January 2, 1884 reunion of Filipinos in the of Filipinos in the Paterno residence where Paterno residence where Rizal proposed the Rizal proposed the writing of a novel – writing of a novel – unanimously approved.unanimously approved.

BERLINBERLIN February 21, 1887 – Noli February 21, 1887 – Noli

was finally finished and was finally finished and ready for printing.ready for printing.

March 21, 1887 – Noli came March 21, 1887 – Noli came off the press. Printing press off the press. Printing press Berliner Buchdruckrei-Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft.Action-Gesselschaft.

The title Noli Me Tangere The title Noli Me Tangere means “Touch Me Not”. means “Touch Me Not”. Derived from the gospel of Derived from the gospel of St. John Chapter 20 verses St. John Chapter 20 verses 13-1713-17

BERLINBERLIN March 29, 1887 – Rizal March 29, 1887 – Rizal

gave a token of his gave a token of his appreciation which is appreciation which is galley proofs of Noli.galley proofs of Noli.

First copies of the novel First copies of the novel were given to were given to Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, G. Lopez Ma. Regidor, G. Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix R. Hidalgo.and Felix R. Hidalgo.

May 3, 1887 hailed Noli May 3, 1887 hailed Noli Me Tangere.Me Tangere.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) May 11, 1887 – Rizal and May 11, 1887 – Rizal and

Viola left Berlin by train to Viola left Berlin by train to Dresden.Dresden.

Floral exposition, they Floral exposition, they visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, they also visited the they also visited the Museum of Art.Museum of Art.

May 13, 1887 – They arrived May 13, 1887 – They arrived at Leitmeritz, Bohemia to at Leitmeritz, Bohemia to meet Blumentritt.meet Blumentritt.

May 16, 1887 – Rizal left May 16, 1887 – Rizal left Leitmeritz. Leitmeritz.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) Historic City of Prague to Historic City of Prague to

meet Dr. Willkomm, meet Dr. Willkomm, professor of natural history professor of natural history in the University of Prague.in the University of Prague.

They visited the tomb of They visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous Copernicus, the famous astronomer; the museum astronomer; the museum of natural history; the of natural history; the bacteriological bacteriological laboratories; and the cave laboratories; and the cave where San Juan where San Juan Nepomuceno – the Catholic Nepomuceno – the Catholic Saint.Saint.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) VIENNA – May 20, 1887VIENNA – May 20, 1887 They met Norfenfals, They met Norfenfals,

one of the greatest one of the greatest novelists in Europe.novelists in Europe.

Rizal received his lost Rizal received his lost diamond stickpin which diamond stickpin which he lost in Leitmeritz.he lost in Leitmeritz.

They visited churches, They visited churches, museums, art galleries, museums, art galleries, theaters, and public theaters, and public parks.parks.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) May 24, 1887 Rizal and May 24, 1887 Rizal and

Viola left Vienna on a Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the river boat to see the beautiful sights of the beautiful sights of the Danube River.Danube River.

The river voyage ended in The river voyage ended in Lintz. They taste the Lintz. They taste the famous Munich beer, saw famous Munich beer, saw the torture machine, the torture machine, visited doll manufacturing visited doll manufacturing place, and they visited place, and they visited Ulm – the city cathedral.Ulm – the city cathedral.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) June 2-3, 1887 They stayed June 2-3, 1887 They stayed

at Schaffhausen, at Schaffhausen, Switzerland.Switzerland.

They visited Geneva They visited Geneva boarded on a little boat boarded on a little boat crossing the Leman Lake.crossing the Leman Lake.

June 19, 1887 – Rizal June 19, 1887 – Rizal treated Viola to blow-out.treated Viola to blow-out.

June 23, 1887 – They parted June 23, 1887 – They parted ways – Viola returned to ways – Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to Italy.continued the tour to Italy.

Grand Tour in Europe (1887)Grand Tour in Europe (1887) Rizal resents Exhibition of Rizal resents Exhibition of

Igorots in 1887 Madrid Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition.Exposition.

ITALY – He visited Turin, ITALY – He visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence.Milan, Venice, and Florence.

June 27, 1887 – He reached June 27, 1887 – He reached Rome, the “Eternal City” Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called “City of and also called “City of Caesars”.Caesars”.

June 29, 1887 Feast of St. June 29, 1887 Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, He Peter and St. Paul, He visited the Vatican City.visited the Vatican City.

First Homecoming, 1887-88First Homecoming, 1887-88 He was determined to He was determined to

return to the Philippines return to the Philippines for the following reasons:for the following reasons: To operate on his mother’s To operate on his mother’s

eyeseyes To serve his people who had To serve his people who had

long been oppressed by long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants;Spanish tyrants;

To find out for himself how To find out for himself how Noli and his other writings Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos & were affecting Filipinos & Spaniards;Spaniards;

To inquire why Leonor Rivera To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.remained silent.

First Homecoming, 1887-88First Homecoming, 1887-88 July 3, 1887 He boarded the July 3, 1887 He boarded the

steamer Djemnah.steamer Djemnah. July 30, 1887 He transferred July 30, 1887 He transferred

to another steamer Haiphong.to another steamer Haiphong. August 8, 1887 his returned August 8, 1887 his returned

to Calamba.to Calamba. Doctor Uliman – the name Doctor Uliman – the name

given to Rizal because he given to Rizal because he came from Germany.came from Germany.

Rizal received a letter from Rizal received a letter from Governor General Emilio Governor General Emilio Terrero requesting him to Terrero requesting him to come to Malacañang.come to Malacañang.

First Homecoming, 1887-88First Homecoming, 1887-88 Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Archbishop of Manila, Msgr.

Pedro Payo sent a copy of Pedro Payo sent a copy of Noli to Father Gregorio Noli to Father Gregorio Echavarria of UST for Echavarria of UST for examination of the faculty.examination of the faculty.

Report: scandalous in the Report: scandalous in the religious order, anti-patriotic, religious order, anti-patriotic, subversive of public or public subversive of public or public order, injurious to the order, injurious to the government of Spain and its government of Spain and its function in Phil. Islands in function in Phil. Islands in the political order.the political order.

First Homecoming, 1887-88First Homecoming, 1887-88 Don Jose Taviel de Don Jose Taviel de

Andrade was assigned Andrade was assigned by the Governor General by the Governor General as bodyguard of Rizalas bodyguard of Rizal

Governor General Governor General Terrero sent a copy of Terrero sent a copy of Noli to the Permanent Noli to the Permanent Commission of Commission of Censorship which was Censorship which was composed of priests and composed of priests and laymen.laymen.

First Homecoming, 1887-88First Homecoming, 1887-88 December 29, 1887 Fr. December 29, 1887 Fr.

Salvador Font submitted Salvador Font submitted a report with the a report with the recommendation “that recommendation “that the importation, the importation, reproduction and reproduction and circulation of Noli be circulation of Noli be absolutely prohibited”.absolutely prohibited”.

February 3, 1888 on February 3, 1888 on board of Zafiro, Rizal left board of Zafiro, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong.Manila for Hong Kong.