Drilling Production

7/26/2019 Drilling Production

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INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS

INDUSTRY & SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT (PCB/PDB 1012)DRILLING & PRODUCTION

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Familiarity with:

Drilling &

Completion

concepts

Drilling rig types

& AccessoriesDrilling fluids

Types o

completio

OUTLINES


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INTRODUCTION

Oil/Gas Well drilling

To bore/drill a hole in the subsurface, usually to extract hydrocarbons such as oil and gas.

Exists in 2types

Onshore (onland)

Offshore

(in sea/ocean)


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INTRODUCTION (cont.)

Well is drilled in several stages.

Normally starts with drilling a hole of 30 to 36 inches

A steel pipe called casing is lowered into the well & cemented to the wa

Diameters down to a depth of 150 to 250 m

At a certain depth the drilling is stopped and another string of casing is

and cemented

After the cement has hardened, drilling is resumed with a smaller drill bi

This procedure will be repeated for each string until the well has reached t

depth of the reservoir

Number of casing strings may vary from well to well depending on we

depth and formations to be drilled


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DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS


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DRILL STRING COMPONENTS

Drill bit is a cutting tool used to create cylindrical holes. Rotary table from rotatinwill rotate the Kelly pipe, drill pipe and bit. Rotating the bit provides an a

to create the hole.

Drill Pipe is a steel pipe available in three length ranges: Range 1 (18 to 22 ft), Ra

(27 to 30 ft) and Range 3 (38 to 45 ft).

Drill Collar is a steel pipe thicker than drill pipe. It is used to provide additional weig

bit and optimize drilling rates.

Casing is a steel pipe used during the drilling of a well


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CASING TYPES


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CASING SIZES

AvailableCasingSizes

36 in.OD

30 in.OD

24 in.OD, 20in. OD

13 3/8in. OD,10 in.

OD9 5/8 in,OD, 7

in. OD

5 in.OD

4 in.OD

4 in. OD

OD


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Heres a picture of the drill bit drilling the rock

S h i h l d ill d


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Sequence showing how roles are drilled


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HOW DO GEOLOGIST TELL IF THE RESERVOIR HAS OIL OR GAS?


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DRILLING OPERATIONS MAKING HOLES


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TYPES OF DRILLING RIG

1. Used for most of the offshore exploration dr2. Has a floating hull with retractable legs whic

down to the sea bed. Hull can be lifted until isurface. The legs support the hull.

3. In shallow and relatively calm waters the Jaadvantage of being able to leave a free stand

surface completion once it is finished.

1. Used mostly in the range of water depths fro

2. This rig is not bottomsupported, but it is descan operate in water depths of up to 3000 f

3. In areas where water depths exceed 100m acan be expected, then semisubmersibles m

1. Used to drill the well in deep water ( up to 2. It is most suited in calmer waters and less ha3. It can move between locations at high speed

semisubmersible rigs.

Jackups :

where the water

depth is lessthan 100m

SemiSubmersible :

in hostile waters

too rough for DrillShip and depths

over 100m

Drill Ships : in calmwaters with depthsover 100m


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Power System I. Provides all the necessary powwork

II. A common drilling rig requireshorse power to maintain the o

III. Power efficiency can be varie

Hoisting Equipment:I. Diesel engines (Prime mover):

provide the main source of po

II. Electrical generators: powere

provide electrical power

III. Mechanical system: driven by


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Hoisting System I. A large pulley system which is uequipment into and out of the w

II. Main component is a drawworkgear and brake.

III. One major component system o

IV. To support the rotating system i

providing the appropriate equip

needed for lifting, lowering antremendous weights

V. Used to lift, lower and suspend

Hoisting Equipment:

I. Drawworks: Specialized heavyII. Crown block: An assembly of pu

III. Travelling block: An arrangemen

IV. Hook: A large hookshaped devic

V. Elevators: An extremely rugged

VI. Drilling line: A heavyduty wire


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Sh

aleShaker:DrillingMudCirculatingSystem

CirculatingSystem

I. It is a system used to circulate drillin

drilling string.

II. Main functions of the system are: To remove drilled cuttings from t

To exert a hydrostatic pressure t

entering the borehole.

III. Drilling fluid is used as a circulation f

weighting material + chemicals).

Components in Circulating systemI. Mud Pumps: to circulate large volume

high pressure.

II. Shale shaker: removes drill cuttings fIII. Desander: removes granular waste fr

IV. Desilter: removes fine particles from

V. Degasser: removes entrained gases fr


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RotarySystem

I. Used to rotate the drilling string and to rotate t

the bottom of the hole.

II. The system includes rotary table & Kelly which i

rectangularshaped pipe placed in the rotary tab

Major components of rotary system I. Rotary table with Kelly (No longer use in the ind

II. Top Drive System

TopDriveSystem

KellyandRotaryDriveSystem


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DRILL BITS

Types of Drill Bits

Category Explanation

Roller cutter bit(also known as roller

cone bit)

Consists of cutting elements arran

(usually 3 cones) that rotate on btheir own axis as the drill string t

of the bit.

Fixed cutter bit(also known as drag

bit)

Consists of stationary cutting ele

rotated directly by the turning

string.

DRILLING OPERATION


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DRILLING OPERATION

CEMENTING


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CEMENTING


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DRILLING SEQUENCE


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DRILLING SEQUENCE


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TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF OPERATION (CONT


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TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF OPERATION (CONT

Drill production hole Cement production casing Drill production hole Run & set liner


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DRILLING OPERATION WELL COMPLETION


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DRILLING OPERATION WELL COMPLETION

DRILLING OPERATION COMPLETION METHOD


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Open hole completion (Barefoot)

Production casing to be set above the zone of inte

No gravel pack or perforation needed

Open hole sand screen/gravel pack completion

A sand screen or gravel pack is installed across the

It is to avoid sand during production



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Cased hole perforated liner completion

Casing is set above the producing zone and a liner

installed across the target zone and cemented at p

The liner is then perforated to allow for production

Cased hole perforated casing completion

Casing is cemented up to the pay zone.

The casing is then perforated selectively to allow f

production


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CHRISTMAS TREE What purpose does a tree serve?


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CHRISTMAS TREE What purpose does a tree serve? On producing wells, injection of chemicals or alcohols or oil distillates to

problems (such as blockages) may be used.

A tree may also be used to control the injection of gas or water injectio

non-producing well in order to sustain economic "production" volumes of g

(field).

The control system attached to the tree controls the downhole safety val

tree acts as an attachment and conduit means of the control system to the

As you can see even on this Christmas Tree Diagram there are five valves.

I. Kill Wing valve

II. Swab valve

III. production wing valve

IV. upper master valve

V. lower master valve

When the operator, well, and facilities are ready to produce and receive oil

the release of the formation fluids is allowed to flow into and through a pipel

where these valves are located and what role they play in gett ing gas from th

Parts Defined

I. The two lower valves are called the master valves (upper and lower resp

flow path, which well fluids must take to get to surface.

II. The lower master valve will normally be manually operated, while thhydraulically actuated.

III. Hydraulic tree wing valves are usually built to be fail safe closed, mean

pressure to stay open.

IV. The right hand valve is often called the flow wing valve or the production

flow path the hydrocarbons take to production facilities.

V. The left hand valve is often called the kill wing valve. It is primarily use

corrosion inhibitors or methanol to prevent hydrate formation.

VI. The valve at the top is called the swab valve and lies in the path used f

and coiled tubing.

VII. A Chokeis a device, either stationary or adjustable, used to:

a) control the gas flow, also known as volume

b) or create downstreampressure, also known as back pressure


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Drilling Production

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