Drilling Formulae

DRILLING FORMULAEPART 1 VOLUMES

PART 2 TRIPPINGPrepaired by Terry Lambert 207 Woodward Dr. Lafayette La. 70508

Phone: (318) 856 8325…Fax: (318) 856 0285

PART 1 VOLUMES

SQUARE SIDED TANK VOLUME, bbls WORK SPACELENGTH= 9

Length, ft x Width, ft x Depth, ft. WIDTH= 5 64.118548 VOLUME BBL/FT. 5.6146 DEPTH= 8

CYLINDRICAL TANK VOLUME, bbls WORK SPACE

5.6146 DIA.= 20 DEPTH= 5 279.7706 =BBL/FT.

PIPE VOLUME, bbls/ft WORK SPACE

ID 3.5 0.0119048 =BBL/FT1029

ANNULAR VOLUME, bbls/ftWORK SPACE

Dh = Hole wall dia, inches Dia hole= 120.07774538386781029 dp= Tubular OD, inches Dia. Dp= 8 ANNULAR VOLUME bbls/ft

STROKES TO PUMP WORK SPACEVolume Volume= 20

170.94Pump Output/Stroke Pump Output = 0.117 STKS TO PUMP

WORK SPACEStrokes Strokes= 100

4SPM OR Volume \ Pump Output\ SPM SPM= 25 MINUTES

ANNULAR VOLUMES TWO TBGSWORK SPACE

10

5

1029 3 0.064139941691 ANNULAR VOLUME bbls/ft

DRILL PIPE SIZES AND CAPACITIES

OD Nominal Weight ID Barrels(in) (lbs/ft) (in) per foot

IU EU IEU8.5 3.063 0.0091149.5 9.5 2.992 0.008696

3.5 11.2 2.990 0.00819613.3 13.3 13.3 2.764 0.00742115.5 15.5 15.5 2.607 0.006577

11.85 11.85 3.476 0.011744.0 14.00 14.00 14.00 3.340 0.01084

.7854 X (Diameter, ft)2 xDepth, ft

ID2 inches

(Dh2 - dp2)

TIME =minutes

D1=

(D12 -D2

2 -D32) D1 = Outter casing D2=

D2 =OD of Inner Tubing D3=

D3 = OD of Inner Tubing

15.70 15.30 3.240 0.01020

12.75 4.000 0.0155413.75 13.75 3.958 0.01552

4.5 16.60 16.60 16.60 3.826 0.0142218.15 18.15 3.754 0.01369

20.00 20.00 20.00 3.640 0.01287

16.25 16.25 4.408 0.018875.0 19.50 19.50 4.276 0.01776

20.50 20.50 4.214 0.01725

6.625 25.2 5.965 0.0346

5" HWDP, 49.3 lbs/ft, 3" ID Bore, NC50Capacity = .0087 bbls/ft

Displacement = .01795 bbls/ft

4-1/2 HWDP, 41.0 lbs/ft, 2-3/4" ID Bore, NC46 (4"IF) Capacity = .0073 bbls/ft


4" HWDP, 29.7 lbs/ft, 2-9/16 ID Bore, NC40 (4"IF)Capacity = .0064 bbls/ft


3-1/2 HWDP, 25.3 lbs/ft, 2-1/16 ID Bore, NC38 (3-1/2"IF)Capacity = .0041 bbls/ft


CAPACITY OF CASINGOD Wt/Ft ID Drift Diameter Barrels per foot(in) (lbs) (in) (in)

17.0 6.538 6.413 0.0415220.0 6.456 6.331 0.0404823.0 6.366 6.241 0.03936

7 26.0 6.276 6.151 0.0382629.0 6.184 6.059 0.0371432.0 6.094 5.969 0.03607

35.0 6.004 5.879 0.0350138.0 5.920 5.795 0.03404

32.30 9.001 8.845 0.078736.00 8.921 8.765 0.0773

9/5/2008 40.00 8.835 8.679 0.075843.50 8.775 8.599 0.074547.00 8.681 8.525 0.073253.50 8.535 8.379 0.0708

48.00 12.715 12.559 0.157154.50 12.615 42.459 0.1546

13-3/8 61.00 12.515 12.359 0.152168.00 12.415 12.259 0.149772.00 12.347 12.191 0.1481

18-5/8 87.5 17.775 17.567 0.3062

94.0 19.124 180936 0.355320 106.5 19.000 18.812 0.3507

133.0 18.730 18.542 0.3408

CASING BURST OD= 9.625ID= 8.921

Wall Thickness = OD - ID / 2 = ________ inches MIN Yield 223Burst = 1.75 x Minimum Yield x ( Thickness ) / OD _______ psi @ 100% Thickness= 5.1645 2015.446125 BURST

COMMON ANNULAR VOLUMES

Bit Dia. Tubular bbls/ftOD

26" to 5" = 0.632417.5" to 5" = 0.273317.5" to 9.5" = 0.209817.5" to 8" = 0.2353

12.25" to 5" = 0.121512.25" to 6.625" = 0.103212.25" to 8" = 0.08368.5" to 5" = 0.04598.5" to 6.25" = 0.0322

DRILL COLLAR WEIGHTS, lb/ft. ID, insOD, ins 1.5" 1.75" 2" 2.25" 2.25" 2.8125" 3" 3.25"

4.50 48 46 43 414.75 54 52 50 47 445.00 61 59 56 53 505.25 68 65 63 60 57 535.50 75 73 70 67 64 60 575.75 83 80 78 75 72 67 646.00 90 88 85 83 79 75 72 686.25 98 96 94 91 88 83 80 766.50 107 105 102 99 96 92 88 856.75 116 114 111 108 105 101 98 947.00 125 123 120 117 114 110 107 1037.25 134 132 130 127 124 119 116 1127.50 144 142 140 137 134 129 126 1227.75 154 152 150 147 144 139 136 1328.00 165 163 160 157 154 150 147 1438.25 176 174 171 168 165 161 158 1548.50 187 185 182 179 176 172 169 165.8.75 198 196 194 191 188 183 180 1769.00 208 206 203 200 195 192 1889.25 220 218 215 212 207 204 2009.50 233 230 228 224 220 217 2139.75 246 243 240 237 233 230 22610.00 256 254 250 246 243 23910.25 270 267 264 259 257 25210.50 284 281 278 273 270 26610.75 298 295 292 287 285 28011.00 306 302 299 29511.25 321 317 314 31011.50 336 332 329 32511.75 352 348 345 340

12.00 368 363 361 356CAPACITIES

bbls/ft 0.0022 0.003 0.0039 0.0049 0.0061 0.0077 0.0087 0.0103

2747 lbs of steel will displace 1 bbl1000 lbs of steel will displace .364 bbl

THE END

PART 2 TRIPPING

BUOYANCY FACTOR

Used to calculaate weight of a STEEL tubular in mud

Dry weight/foot = 90 lbsMud Weight = 11.2 ppg

BUOYANCY FACTORWORK SPACE

= (65.44 - Mud Wt, ppg)0.84413202933985365.44 Mud Wt= 10.2 Factor

= (65.44 -11.2)65.44

= 54.2465.44

= 0.829

WORK SPACEBUOYED WEIGHT, lbs

= Dry /weight, lbs/ft x Buoyancy Factor Dry Wt.= 19.5 16.460575 Buoyed WT.

= 90 x .829

= 74.61 lbs

If SG mud weight is used, replace 65.44 with 7.856For PFC use 490

TON MILES

For complete round tripW= Buoyed Weight of Drill Pipe = 17.52 lbs/ftD= Total Length of Drill String = 10,000 ftL= Average Stand Length = 93 ft

M= Total Weight of Blocks, Hook and Drill StringCompensator (if any) = 4,000 lbs

C= Buoyed Weight of equal length of Drill Pipe = 27,240 lbs

TON MILES

= W x D x (D + L) + D x (M + .5C)

10,560,000 2,640,000

= 17.52 x 10,000 x (10,000 + 93 + 10,000 x (40,000 + 13620)10,560,000 264,000

= 1,768,293,600 + 536,200,00010,560,000 2,640,000

= 167.4 + 203.1= 370.5 Ton Miles

DRILLING TON MILES

= (RRTM after Driling - RRTM before Drilling) x 3*

COREING TON MILES

= (RRTM after coring - RRTM before drilling) x 2

CASING TON MILES

=[ Block Wt, lbs + Total buoyed of casing, lbs ] x Shoe depth1000 4000 5280

RTTM = Round trip Ton Miles Remove for Top drive

WIPER TRIP TON MILES

=[ String Wt.after .1/2 Stand pulkled x wiper Trip Stands pulled ]567744

PLUS

=[ Block Wt. X Wiper Trip Stands Pulled ]28387

TON MILES FOR MIXED STRINGS

Use same formula as for TON MILES

C = Average Buoyed weight of Equal Length of Drill Pipe

but replace W with WAVG

WAVG= Average Buoyed wt/ft of Drill String

eg

5" DP = 6766 FT.X 19.5 lbs/ft = 131,937 lbsTotal = 8953 ft = 165,835Avg weight = 165835 / 8935 = 18.52 lbs/ft

STEEL DISPLACEMENT

For Volume taken up by steel tubular

Dry Weight of Pipe = 21.9 lbs./ft

DISPLACEMENT, bbls/ftWORK SPACE

=Dry Weight, lbs/ft

2747 Dry Wt. Lbs/ft= 21.4 0.0077903 Displacement

21.9= 2747

= .00797 bbls/ft

WEIGHTS PER FOOT

Figures taken from API RP 7G

5" Drill Pipe, IEU Nom. Wt. 19.5 XHGrade E = 20.9 lbs/ftGrade X = 21.4 lbs/ftGrade G 21.9 lbs/ftGrade S = 22.5 lbs/ft

3-1/2" Drill Pipe, EU, Nom Wt 15.5 NC 38Grade E = 16.39 lbs/ftGrade X = 16.69 lbs/ftGrade G = 16.88 lbs/ftGrade S = 17.56 lbs/ft

6-1/2" Drill Pipe, IEU, Nom, Wt 25.2, FHGrade e = 27.3 lbs/ftHigher grades not listed in API RP7G August 1990

5" Heavy Wall Drill Pipe = 49.3 lbs/ft

Drill Collars and CasingUse tables under drill collar weights (volumes)

SLUG VOLUME/WEIGHT

How big should your slug be or how heavy

Mud Wt.= 10 lbsPipe Capacity = .01776

Level drop in mud below rotary WORKE SPACETable (L.dry) = 200 ft.

MUD WT= 16.9

31/2 DP= 2187 ft. x 15.5 lbs/ft = 33,898 lbs

VOLUME OF SLUG, bbls L.DRY= 406.708PIPE CAP= 0.0129 Slug Volume

= M.Wt. Ppg x L. dry, ft x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft SLUG WT.= 18.2(Slug Wt. Ppg - Mud Wt. Ppg

(Using slug weight of 11.5 ppg)

= 10 x 200 x .01776(11.5-10)

= 35.521.5

= 23.68 bbls

SLUG WEIGHT, ppg

=[ M. Wt. Ppg x L. dry x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft ]+ M. Wt. ppgSlug Vol., bbls

(using a slug Volume of 25 bbls) WORK SPACEMUD WT= 9.3

=[ 10 x 200 x .01776 ]+ 10 L.DRY= 6010.09347625 PIPE CAP.= 0.01422 Slug wt.

SLUG VOL. Bbls= 10

=[ 35.52 ]+ 1025

= 1.42 + 10 = 11.42 ppg

LEVEL PRESSURE DROP WHEN TRIPPING (DRY PIPE)

Due to pulling pipe out of holeMetal Displacement = .00797 bbls/ft (see steel displacement)

Casing Capacity without any pipe in hole = .1522 bbls/ftMud Wt. = 10.5 ppgStand Length = 93 ft.

LEVEL DROP / STAND

= Metal Disp., bbls/ft x Stand Length(Casing Cap. Bbls/ft - Metal Disp. Bbls/ft) WORK SPACE

Meal Displacement bbs/ 0.00797= .00797 x 93 Stand Length= 93 5.139083 Level drop std.

(.1522-.00797) Casing Cap. Bbls/ft= 0.1522

= 0.741210.14423

= 5.14 ft.

PRESSURE DROP, psiWORK SPACE

= Level Drop. Ft. x M. Wt, ppg x .052 MUD WT= 9.3 2.4852607 Pressure drop

= 5.14 x 10.5 x .052

= 2.8 psi

PRESSURE DROP PULLING WET PIPEWORK SPACE

If returns are not routed back to trip tank Mud Gradient= 9.3 0.239289 via mud bucket, then use Metal Disp 0.00797 0.12647

DP Cap= 0.01776 175.9617PRESSURE DROP/STAND Csg. Cap= 0.1522

Stand Leng 93

=[ Mud Gradient x (Metal Disp. + DP Cap.) ]x STAND LENGTHCasing Cap. - (Metal Disp.+ DP Cap.)

Gradient in psi/ftCapacity/Disp. In bbls/ft

THE END

PART 3 STUCK PIPE

FREE LENGTH OF STUCK PIPE Forumulae for Steel Pipe only!

e=Defferential Stretch of Pipe =24 inches

Differential Pull to obtain 'e' = 30,000 lbs

Wdp = Drill Pipe PLAN END" WEIGHT = 17.93 lbs/ft

*Excludes Tool Joints---see Table 2.1 in RP7GAugust 1990, Plain end weight WORK SPACEfor 5" (19.5 lbs/ft Drill Pipe= 17.93 lbs/ft e= 24

Diff.pull to obtain "e"= 30000 10547.057136 Free PipeFREE LENGTH OF STUCK PIPE, ft. Wdp= 17.93

= 735,294 x e x WdpDifferential Pull, lbs

= 735294 x 24 x 17.9330,000

= 316,411,71430,000

= 10547 ft

STRETCH OF SUSPENDED STRINGWORK SPACE 1.149822

Stretch due to its own weight 49.6Length of string in ft.= 10520 57.031188 inches

L= Length of String = 10520 ft Mud wt= 11

Mud Wt =11 ppg

STRETCH, inches

= x [65.44-(1.44 x Mud Wt, ppg)]96,250,000

= x [65.44 - (1.44 x11)]96,250,000

= 1.1498 X [65.44 -(15.84)]

= 1.1498 X 49.6

= 57 inches

GENERAL STRETCH FORMULA

Stretch due to weight on end of steel pipe.

Length of Pipe =800 ft WORK SPACECasing Weight attached to end of pipe= 350,000 lbs Pipe Length= 800

Pipe OD =5" Casing Weight= 350000 Pipe ID = 4.276" Pipe OD= 5

Pipe ID= 4.276Example showes stretch of pipe when running casing to seafloor wellhead. 21.2338047488546 Stretch/inches

STRETCH, inches

= Stretching Force, pounds x Pipe Length, ft.

= 350,000 x 800

= 280,000,0001,963,500 x 6.7158

= 280,000,000

13,186,520

= 21.2 inches

PLAIN END WEIGHT, lbs/ft

Weight of steel pipe (excluding tool joints) WORK SPACE

= OD= 5 17.93125 Plain End WeightID= 4.276

OD=inchesID=inches

L2,ft

10520 2

1,963,500 x (Pipe OD 2 - Pipe ID 2)

1,963,500 x (5 2 - 4.276 2)

2.67 x (Pipe OD 2 - Pipe ID 2)

MAXIMUM OVERPULL (MOP)

Overpull in pounds, allowed on suck pipe

MOP (Single Grade only e.g. S WORK SPACEPa= 560760

= Pa (S) x .9) -B st B.st= 229500275184 Pounds

Pa= max. allowable desighn load in tensione.g. 560760 lbs for 5" Grade S

B.st= Buoyed String Weight (hook Load less hook Weighte.g. = 229500 lbs.

= (560,760 x .9) - 229500= 504684 - 229500= 275184 pounds

THE END

PART 4 WELL CONTROL

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

CONSTANTS PPG x FT x .052 = PSISG x FT x .433 = PSI SG x MT x 9.8 = kPa

SG x MT x 1.420 = PSIPPG x MT x .171 = PSI PPG x MT x 1.176 - kPaSG x MT x .098 - BARS PPG x FT x .358 = KpA

PRESSURE, psi WORK SPACE

= Mud weight x Constant x Depth, ft Mud wt= 10.5 5460 Pressure PSIDepth= 10000

PRESSURE GRADIENT, psi.ft

=Mud Weight x Constant Mud Wt= 12 0.624 GradientOR

= Pressure, psi / Depth, ft Depth= 10000 0.4 GradientPressure= 4000

MUD WEIGHTWORK SPACE

= Pressure, psi / Depth, ft/constant Pressure= 6000 0.75 Mud WeightOR Depth ft= 8000

= Pressure Gradient, psi/ft / Constant

FORCEWORK SPACE

=Pressure x Area Pressure= 4000 24000 ForceArea= 6

LENGTH TO CREATE A PRESSURE, ftWORK SPACE

= Pressure, psi / Gradient psi/ft Pressure= 3000 5494.5055 Length to create pressureOR Mud Wt.= 10.5

=Pressure, psi / MUD WEIGHT ppg / 0.052

FORMATION PRESSURE WORK SPACEMud Wt= 10 5210 F.P.Bit TVD= 10000

SG x MT x .1 = kg/cm2

Kg/M3x MT /102 = KpA

=(Mud Wt. Ppg x .052 x Bit TVD, ft.) + SIDP, psi SIDP= 10

EQUIVALENTS

BUOYANCYPPG FACTOR PSI/FT SG PCF8.34 0.873 0.433 1 62.48.4 0.872 0.436 1.01 62.88.6 0.868 0.447 1.03 64.38.8 0.865 0.457 1.06 65.89 0.862 0.468 1.08 67.3

9.2 0.86 0.478 1.1 68.89.4 0.856 0.488 1.13 70.39.6 0.853 0.499 1.15 71.39.8 0.85 0.509 1.18 73.310 0.847 0.519 1.2 74.8

10.2 0.844 0.53 1.22 76.310.4 0.841 0.54 1.25 77.810.6 0.839 0.551 1.27 79.310.8 0.836 0.561 1.29 80.811 0.833 0.571 1.32 82.3

11.2 0.829 0.582 1.34 83.811.4 0.826 0.594 1.37 85.311.6 0.823 0.603 1.39 86.811.8 0.82 0.613 1.41 88.312 0.817 0.623 1.44 89.8

12.2 0.814 0.634 1.46 91.312.4 0.81 0.644 1.49 92.812.6 0.808 0.655 1.51 94.312.8 0.804 0.665 1.53 95.813 0.801 0.675 1.56 97.3

13.2 0.798 0.686 1.58 98.713.4 0.795 0.696 1.61 10013.6 0.792 0.706 1.63 10213.8 0.789 0.717 1.65 10314 0.786 0.727 1.68 105

14.2 0.783 0.738 1.7 10614.4 0.78 0.748 1.73 10814.6 0.777 0.758 1.75 10914.8 0.774 0.769 1.77 11115 0.771 0.779 1.8 112

15.2 0.768 0.79 1.82 11415.4 0.769 0.8 1.85 11515.6 0.763 0.81 1.87 11715.8 0.759 0.821 1.89 11816 0.755 0.831 1.92 120

16.3 0.751 0.848 1.96 12216.6 0.718 0.862 1.99 12417 0.74 0.883 2.04 127

17.3 0.735 0.9 2.08 13017.6 0.731 0.914 2.11 13218 0.725 0.935 2.16 135

18.3 0.72 0.952 2.2 13718.6 0.716 0.966 2.23 13919 0.71 0.987 2.28 142

KILL MUD WEIGHT / ICP/FCP

Bit TVD=10000ftMud weight= 10.6

SIDPP= 800 psiSlow circulating Rate Pressure (@) 40 SPM= 900 psi

KILL WEIGHT MUD, ppg WORK SPACESIDPP= 800 12.138462 Kill Mud Wt.TVD= 10000

Mud Wt.= 10.6=(800 /.052 / 10,000) + 10.6

=1.54 + 10.6=12.14 ppg

ICP (initial Circulating PressureWORK SPACE

=Slow Circulating Rate Pressure, PSI + SIDPP, psi SLOW CIRC. RATE= 900 1700 ICPSIDPP= 800

=900 + 800

FCP (Final Circulating Pressure)

=Slow circulating Rate Pressure, psi x Kill mud wt. / Old Mud wt.WORK SPACE

=900 x 12.4 SLOW CIRC RATE= 900 1030.7547 FCP10.6 KILL MUD WT.= 12.14

OLD MUD WT.= 10.6=900 x 1.1453

,=1031 psiNote: You can use SCr psi = Actual ICP - SIDPPIf using units other than Pg or feet or psi then refer to HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONSTANTS

STEP DOWN CHART

Used to calculate pressure drop versus strokes as KILL MUD is pumped to the BIT. There are 2 ways this can be done:__FIXED STROKE INTERVAL OR FIXED PRESSURE INTERVAL

FIXED STROKE INTERVALWORK SPACE

PSI Drop\100 Strokes= (ICP - FCP) x 100 psi* ICP= 200 187.5 Fixed StrokeSurface to Bit Strokes FCP= 100

Surface to bit stks= 800(* This number should be replaced if you use a different stroke interval e.g. 50, 200, 300 ect.)

FIXED PRESSURE INTERVAL

strokes/50 PSI Drop= Surface to Bit Strokes x 50 psi*(ICP -FCP

*(This number should be replaced if you use a different pressure interval e.g. 40, 60 ect.)

EXAMPLE: ICP=1600, FCP=900Surface to Bit Strokes = 1084

=(SIDPP, psi /.052 / TVD,ft) + Mud Wt. Ppg

Fixed Srokes WORK SPACE=(1600-900) x 100 ICP= 1600 64.57564576 Fixed Strokes

1084 FCP= 900=65 psi approx Surface to bit stks= 1084

WORK SPACEFixed Pressure Surface to Bit Stks= 1084 77.42857143 Fixed Pressure

ICP= 1600(1600 - 900 FCP= 900

=77 strokes approx. PSI Drop= 50

Fixed Strokes Fixed PressureSTROKES PSI STROKES PSI

0 1600 (ICP) 0 1600 (ICP)100 1535 77 1550200 1470 154 1500300 1405 231 1450400 1340 308 1400500 1275 385 1350600 1210 462 1300700 1145 539 1250800 1080 616 1200900 1015 693 1150

1000 950 770 11001084 900 (FCP) 847 1050

924 10001001 9501084 900 (FCP)

Pressure is then held constant for remainder of KILL.Used for WAIT and WAIT Method.

INFLUX HEIGHT /GRADIENT

SIDP= 800 psiSICP= 900 psiCollar Length= 538 ft.Annular Volume around Collars= .0836 bbls/ftAnnular Volume around Pipe= .1215 bbls/ftMud weight= 10.6 ppg

Total Annular Volume around Collars WORK SPACECollar Length ft= 538 44.9768 Total Annular

Annular volume, bbls/ft= 0.0836 volume Collars=538 ft.x..0836 bbls/ft

If INFLUX is LESS THAN volume around collars e.g. 20 barrels

INFLUX HEIGHT, FT.

WORK SPACEInflux volume, bbls= 20 0.083682 Influx height

=20 / .0836 Annular volume around collars bbls/ft= 239

=1084 x 50

=Collar Length, ft x collar Annular volume, bbls/ft

=45 barrels

=Influx volume, bbls / Annular volume around Collars bbls/ft

=239 ft.

If INFLUX is GREATER THAN volume around collare e.g. 75 bbls

INFLUX HEIGHT ft.

= (influx vol., bbls - collar Ann Vol., bbls) + Collar length ft.Annular Volume around Pipe, bbls/ft

WORK SPACE= (75 - 45) + 538 Influx vol. Bbls= 75

0.1215 Collar ann vol. Bbls= 45 784.91358 Influx heightAnnular Vol around pipe= 0.1215

= 30 + 538 Collar length ft.= 5380.1215

= 247+538

= 785 feet

USING EXAMPLE ABOVE

Influx volume= 20 bblsInflux height = 239 ft.

INFLUX GRADIENT,psi/ft

=(Mud Wt, ppg x .052) - -[ SICP -SIDPP, PSI ]InfluX Height ft.

=(10.6 x.052)- [ 900 -800 ] WORK SPACE239 MUD WT= 10.6

SICP= 900 0.13279 Influx Gradient=.5512- [ 100 ] SIDPP= 800

239 INFLUX HEIGHT= 239

=.5512 - .4184

=.1328 psi

Gradient of .2 or less = GasGradient of .4 or more = Water

In between could be oil or mixture of oil, waer and gas.

FRACTURE MUD WEIGHT /GRADIENT /PRESSURE

Fracture can be calculated using a Leak Off Test pressure

Shoe TVD= 8000 ft.

Leak Off Test (LOT) was 2000 psi with 10.0 ppg mud in hole

FRACTURE MUD WEIGHT ( MAX. EQUIV. MUD WT.). PpgWORK SPACE

LOT= 2400TVD @ SHOE= 9190 15.022181 EMW

= ( 2000 / 8000 / .052 ) +10.0 MUD WT= 10

= 4.81 + 10.0

=14.81 ppg

= ( LOT, psi / Shoe TVD, ft / .052 ) + Mud Wt. Ppg

FRACTURE GRADIENT, psi/ft WORK SPACEFrac Mud Wt= 14.81 0.77012 Fracture Grdient psi/ft

=Frac. Mud Wt. Ppg x .052

=14.81 x .052

=.77 psi/ft.

FRACTURE PRESSURE Fracture Mud Wt= 14.81 6160.96 Fracture PressureTVD @ Shoe= 8000

= 14.81 x .052 x 8000'

=6161 psi

MAASP

Maximum pressure allowed on casing gauge during operations

Fracture Mud Wt. Ppg = 14.81 (see example above under fraacture Mud weight)WORKJ SPACE

Current Mud Wt, pg = 10.6 ppg Frac M.W.= 14.81Shoe TVD,ft. = 8000 ft. Current M.W.= 10.6 1751.36 MAASP

TVD @ Shoe= 8000MAASP, psi

= ( 14.81 - 10.6 ) X .052 X 8000'

= ( 4.21 ) X .052 X 8000'

=1751 psi

MAXIMUM SURFACE CASING PRESSURE

Approximate max. pressure at casing guage during a well kill opeation.( Occurs when influx of gas is almost at surface ). Using wait and weight.

Formation Pressure ( Fp )= 6000 psi ( see section Well Control Formation Pressure for formula)

Pit Gain= 20 bblsKill Mud Weight= 11.5 pppg

Surface Annular Volume= .1279 bbls/ft

MAXIMUM CASING PRESSURE, psi

=200 x ^ Fp, psi x Pit Gain, bbls x Kill M. Wt. PpgSurface Ann. Vol. Bbls/ft x 1,000,000

WORK SPACE

=Fracture Mud Wt. Ppg x .052 x Shoe TVD, ft.

=(Frac. M Wt. Ppg - Current M. Wt. Ppg) x .052 x shoe TVD, FT.

=200 x ^ 6000 x 20 x 11.5 WORK SPACE.1279 x 1,000,000 Fp= 6000

Pit Gain= 20 656.95295 Max Csg psi=200 x ^ 1,380,000 Kill Wt. Mud= 11.5

127900 Surface Annular vol. Bbls/ft.= 0.12791380000 127900

=200 x ^ 107,897 10.789679

=200 x 3.2848

=657 psi

VOLUME INCREASE

Approximate volume gain at surface due to gasexpansion when circulating out a gas kick

Formation Presure ( Fp) = 6000 psi ( see well control formation presure formula)

Pit Gain= 20 bblSurface annular volume= .1279 bbls/ftKill Mud Wt= 11.5 ppg

VOLUME INCREASE, bbls

Fp, psi x Pit Gain, bbls x Ann. Vol., bbl/ftKill Mud Wt. Ppg WORK SPACE

Fp= 6000= 4x ^ 6000 x 20 x .1279 Pir Gain= 20 146.12919 Volume Increase

11.5 Ann. Vol bbl/ft= 0.1279Kill Mud wt. Ppg= 11.5

= 4 x ^ 15348 15348 1334.608711.5

=4 x ^ 1334.6

=4 x 36.5

PSI/BARREL

A factor representing the pressure exerted by1 barrel of mud in the annulus

Mud Weight= 11 ppgAnnular volume= .1215 bbls/ft

PSI/BARRELWORK SPACE

= Mud Wt, ppg x .052 Mud Wt= 11 4.7078189 Psi /BarrelAnnular Volume, bbls ft Annular Vol bbls/ft= 0.1215

= 11 x .0520.1215

= 4 x ^

= 146 bbls

= 0.5720.1215

= 4.7 psi/barrel

(Can be used for inside Pipe by using Pipecapacity instead of Annular Volume)

BOYLS LAW

This formula expresses relationship between gasvolume and gas pressure

Original Pressure ( P1) = 6000 psiOriginal Volume (V1 ) = 20 bblsCurrent Pressure (P2)= 1000 psi

BOYLES LAW

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 WORK SPACEP1= 6000

FIND V2 V1= 20 120 BarrelsP2= 1000

V2= P1 x V1P2

= 6000 x 201000

= 1200001000

= 120 Barrels

TRIP MARGIN

Approximiate mud wt value to be added after killing a kick

Yield Point of Mud = 14Hole Diameter (Dh)= 12.25

Pipe Outside Diameter (dp)= 5"

TRIP MARGIN WORK SPACEYield Point= 14

= Yield Point x .085 Dh= 12.25 0.1641379 Trip Margin(Dh - dp) dp= 5

= 14 x .085(12.25 - 5)

= 1.197.25

= .164 ppg

ACCUMULATOR PRECHARGE PRESSURE

A method of measuring average accumulator Precharge Pressureby operating the unit with charge pumps switched off.

Accumulator starting Pressure (Ps) = 3000 psiAccumulator Final Pressure (pf ) = 2200 psi

Total Accumulator Volume 180 galVolume Fluid Removed = 20 gal

AVERAGE PECHARGE PRESSURE psi

= Volume of Fluid Removed, BBLS x [ Pf x Ps ]Total Acumulator volume, bbls Ps - Pf

WORK SPACE= 20 x [ 2200 x 3000 ] Vol. Of fluid removed= 20

180 3000 - 2200 Total Acc. Volume bbls= 180 916.66667 Acc Precharg psiPf= 2200Ps= 3000

= 0.111 x [ 6,600,000 ] 800

= .111 x 8250

= 917 psi

GAS PERCOLATION RATE, ft/hr

How fast is gas percolating ( migrating) up the hole

SIDPP at time Zero= 700 psiSIDPP after 15 min.= 725 psi

Mud weight= 10.5 ppg

GAS PERCOLATION RATE, ft/hr

= SIDPP increase, psi/hour( Mud Wt. Ppg x .052) WORK SPACE

SIDPP increase psi hr r= 100 183.15018 Gas Percolation rate, ft/hrIncrease per 15 minute interval = 25 psi Mud Wt. Ppg = 10.5Increase per hour 4 x 25 psi = 100 psi

= 100(10.5 x .052)

= 1000.546

= 183 ft/hr

MUD TO BLEED DUE TO BUBBLE RISE (VOLUMETRIC)

Method of bringing to surface without SIDPPreading and unable to circulate.

Pressure rise allowed while well in shut in = 100 psicurrent psi/barrel factor = 14 psi (see well Control Length to Create a Pressure) for formula

VOLUME TO BLEED, bbls

= Pressure Rise on Casing Guage, psiCurrent psi/bbl factor WORK SPACE

Pressure Rise on casing Guage = 100Current psi/bbl factor = 14

= 100 7.1428571 Volume to Bleed14

= 7 barrels

e.g. If SICP = 800 PSI, Allow 50 to 100 psi for Safety.Let SICP rise with well shut in due to gas migrationto 800 + Safety, for instance 875 psi, Allow SICP to

continue to rise to 875 + 100 = 975 psiAt 975 psi carefully manipulate choke to maintain

975 psi while bleeding off 7 barrels of mud (see aboveanswer) Once 7 bbls has been bled, shut in and

allow SICP to rise to 975 + 100 = 1075. Again holdat 1075 psi while bleeing 7 bbls. Process is repeateduntil gas arrives at choke. Shut in and remove gas by

Lubricating Method

SOFT SHUT IN PROCDURE (Drilling)

1. Pick up off bottom to clear first tooljoint2. Check flow - (if Positive go on)3. Open H.C.R. or failsafe.4. Close Annular or Ram (IF space out Known)5. Close Remote Adjustable Choke6. Close Gate Valve at Choke in case it leaks.7. Complete Shut in e.g. close rams, hang off, installKick Joint ect.

SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (Tripping

1. Install Safety valve2. Close safety Valve3. Open H.C.R. or failsafe.4. Close Annular or Ram (if space out is known)5. Close Remote Adjustable choke6. Close gate valve at choke in case it leaks

7. Prepair course of action e.g. strip to bottomopen up and run to bottom, kill at current depth ect.

START UP PROCEDURE

1. Bring Pumps up to Kill Speed holding CASING PRESSURE constant2. For deep water floater application, Casing Pressure may requireto be lowered during start up by an amount equal to ChokeLine Friction Loss

DRILLERS METHOD

1ST circulation

Start up- bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constant.Once up to speed look at drill pipe pressure and hold this constantfor one complete circulation2 ND circulationStart up- bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constant.Once up to speed, continue to hold casing pressure constant until kill mud is at the bitAt this point, switch over to drill pipe pressure and hold constant until kill mud reaches surface.

Note: As the Annulus may not be clean after 1st Circulation, it si recommended that the procedurefor wait and Weight be used in place of 2nd Circulation.

WAIT AND WEIGHT METHOD

START Up - bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constantOnce up to speedlook at drill pipe. This should red approximately ICP*Allow drill pipe pressure to fall to FCP in accordance with step down chart or graphWith kill mud at bit hold drill pipe pressure at FCP until kill mud reaches surface.

* If drill pipe pressure is in excess of 100 psi + or -, then redo step down chart based onnew ICP and FCP without shuting down.

Recalculae slow circulating rate pressure

= New ICP - SIDP WORK SPACEThen recalculate FCP Kill Mud Wt. = 12 1.1650485 New S.C.R.

Old Mud wt. = 10.3= New S.C.R., psi x Kill Mud Wt

Old Mud Wt.

BARIT REQUIRED

Amount addee to mud to obtain kill weight

Original Mud Wt. (W1)= 10 ppgKill Mud Wt (W2)= 11.5 ppg

Pit Volume = 849 bbls

BARIT REQUIREDWORK SPACE

W1= 10= 1470 (W2 -W1) W2= 11.5 93.829787 Pounds per bbl.

35 - W2 Pit /vol= 849

= 1470 ( 11.5 - 10 )35 -11.5

= 1470 x 1.523.5

= 220523.5

= 94 POUNDS PER BARREL

TOTAL BARIT IN, poundsWORK SPACE

= Mud Volume in Pits, bbls x Barit Required lbs/bbl Pit volume= 840Bar Required= 94

= 840 x 94 78960 Bar Required LBS.

= 78960 pounds

VOLUME INCREASE / 100 BBLS OF MUD WORK SPACE(due to adding barit) Barit Required, pounds.barrel 94

6.2666667 Volume Increase= Barit Required, pounds/barrel

15

= 9415

= 6.3 barrels/100 barrels of mud

TOTAL VOLUME after weight up

= Barrels/100 barrels of Mud x Pit Volume + Pit Volume100

WORK SPACE= 6.3 x 840 + 840 Barrels/100 barrels of mud= 6.3

100 Pit Volume= 840892.92 Total Volume after wt. Up

= 5929 + 840100

= 53 + 840

= 893 barrels

USABLE FLUID VOLUME

Gallons of usuable fluid in a single accumulator Bottle. Multiply by number of bottles to get total

Single Bottle Volume (V1)= 10 galNitrogen Precharge Pressure (P1)= 1000 psi

Accumulator Pressure (P2) = 3000 psi

USABLE FLUID VOLUME, gals.bottle

WORK SPACE= V1-( V1 x P1 ) V1= 10

P2 P1= 1000P2= 3000

= 10-( 10 x 1000 ) 6.666666667 Gallons3000

= 10 - ( 10,000 )3000

= 10 - 3.33

= 6.67 Gal.*

* Only 2/3 of a bottle in this example is hydraulic fluid. When designing an accumulator system, requirements for volumes are basedon performing the necessary operations without letting bottle pressure drop below 1200 psi. This futher reduces usable fluid volume

per bottle (see API, RP53 for more detail)

ACCUMULATOR VOLME REQUIRED WORK SPACE40

Gallons of Fluid Required Pressure 3000 2.5Precharg 1200 0.4 2.5

16 Gallons /( Pressure psi - Precharge psi )1200 3000

VR=

=VR

VR = Volume required to perform chosen functions, galls (either from API specs or local regulations

GAS EXPANSION FOR T* AND "Z"

T*= F* + 460Z= variable (get from client)P= psi + 14.7

COMBINED STRIPPING & VOLUMETRIC

The following calculations are used for stripping pipe in the hole when influx migrationis a potential problem

Kick Volume, bblsOpen Hole capacity, bbls/ftDrill Collar to Open Hole Capacity, bbls/ftClosed End displacement of 1 stand of drill pipe, bblsVolume to Bleed, bbls

Mg= Mud Gradient, psi/ftlg= Influx gradient, psi/ft

SICP= Shut in Casing PressurePw= Chosen working Pressure, psiPs= Safety Pressure for Hydrostatic Pressure lost when BHA penetrates kick, psi

Pchoke= Choke Pressure readings, psi

Step 1 Calculate Ps psi

Ps=

( ) XStep 2 Chooaw Pw Between 50 and 200 psi

Step 3

Mg

Step 4

Step 5Fill pipe regularly

Step 6

Step 7

V2= V1 x P1 x T2 x Z2

P2 x T1 x Z1

VK=A1=A2=V1=V2=

V K -V K

A 2 - A 1(MG - lg)

Calculate V2 bbls

V2 = Pw x A 2

Strip into hole, without bleeding mud, until SICP increases to Pchoke1

Pchoke1 = SICP + Ps + Pw

Continue stripping in the hole holding casing pressure constant at Pchoke1 this willrequire mud to be bled from the well.

The amount of mud gained in the trip Tank over and above the drill pipe closed end displacement (V1) will be the affect of gasexpansion. ( Some rigs have a Stripping Tank to allow for bleed-off of V1 every stand)

When gain in trip tank due to gas expansion equals V2 continue to strip with choke closed to build casing pressure up toPchoke2

Pchoke2 = Pchoke1 +Pw

Step 8

Step 9

Step 10 Kill well as per sandard well control techniques

THE END

PART 5 CASING AND CEMENTING

BUOYANT FORCE OF CASING

Effect of cementing operation on a String of Casing. Most dangerous with Shallow strings of large dimeter. Heavy cement may want tofloat the casing out of the hole.

WORK SPACECasing Length = 1500 ft 1477

C.wt = casing Wt/Ft =106.5 lbs/ft C.wt= 18C.cap = Casing Cap =.3507 bbls/ft C.cap= 0.0177

W.cmt = Cement Weight =15.4 ppg W.cmt= 16.2B.F.cmt = Cement Buoyancy Factor 0.765 B.F.cmt= 0.752

M.Wt = Mud Weight 9.0 ppg M.Wt= 10.213404.661 Buoyant Force

BUOYANCE FORCE

=

= [(106.5 X .765) - (42 X .3507 X (15.4 - 9.0))]

= 1500 [(81.47 x .765) - (42 x .3507 x (15.4 - 9.0)]

= 1500 [(81.47 - 94.27)]

= 1500 X (-12.8)

=

Continue striping in hole holding casing pressure constant at Pchoke2

Repeat Steps 6, 7 and 8 (increasing Pchoke by Pw each time V2 is measured in Trip Tank) until back to bottom.

C1 = C1=

C1 [ (C.wt. X B.F. cmt) - (42 x C. cap x ( W. cmt - M. wt))]

-19200 lbs (this is a MINUS number)

A minus number means a force upward; a positive number means force downward.

BALANCE MUD WEIGHT

Weight of Mud to displace cement if boyant force is upward.

W. cmt= Cement Weight =15.4 ppgC. wt. = Casing Wt/ft =106.4 lbs/ft

B.F cmt = Cement Buoyancy factor =.765C.cap = Casing Capacity =.3507 bbls/ft

BALANCE MUD WEIGHTWORK SPACE

= W.cmt - [ C. wt. X B.F.cmt ] W.cmt= 15.442 x C. cap C. wt= 106.4

B.F.cmt= 0.765=15.4 - [ 106.4 x .765 ] C. cap= 0.3507 9.8739093 Ballanced Mud Weight

42 x .3507

= 15.4 - [ 81.396 ]14.792

=15.4 -5.5

SACKS OF CEMENT

Volume of Cement Required= 500 bblsYield/sacks of cement= 1.15 cu. Ft\sx WORK SPACE

Volume of cement bbls= 31SACKS Yield/ sacks cu.Ft.= 1.44

120.86986 Sacks of Cement= =Volume of cement, bbls x 5.6146

Yield/sacks cu. Ft

= 500 x 5.61461.15

= 2807.31.15

= 2441 sacks

BALLANCED PLUGS

CEMENT VOLUME REQUIRED, bbls

=( )x1029 Required Plug Length in Ft.

=9.9 ppg

Dia ofHole 2

WATER SPACER AHEAD IN bblsChoose a volume but be careful that loss of hydrostatic does not cause kick

LENGTH OF SPACER IN ANNULS, ft (V1)

= Spacer Volume, bblsAnn. Volume, bbls/ft.

VOLUME OF SPACER BEHIND CEMENT, bbls (V2)

= V1 x Pipe cap., bbls/ft

LENGTH OF BALANCED CEMENT COLUME, ft

= Cement Volume, bbls(Ann. Vol., bbls/ft + Pipe Cap., bbls/ft

MUD TO DISPLACE PLUG INTO POSITION, bbls

= [(C. base - L. plug) x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft] - V2

STROKES TO DISPLACE

= Mud to displace, bblsPump Output/stroke

C. base= Base of Plug, ft.L. Plug= Length of Cement Plug. Ft.

V2= Spacer volume behind cement, bbls

EXAMPLE

Plug Length to be = 400 ftWater Spacer ahead = 20 bbls

Annular Volume = .1215 bbls/ftPipe Capacity = .01776 bbls/ftHole capacity = .1458 bbls/ft

Depth of Plug base = 10,000 ftPump Output = .109 bbls/stroke

Cement volume requiredWORK SPACE

= .1458 x 400 ft Pipe Length= 11358= 58.32 bbls Water Spacer ahead = 20

Annular Volume = 0.014Pipe Capacity = 0.00742Hole capacity = 0.0177

Depth of Plug base = 11,358Pump Output = 0.069

201.0366 CEMENT VOLUME REQUIRED

Length of Spacer in annulus, ft.

= 200.1215 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM

1428.5714 LENGTH OF SPACER IN ANNULUS= 164.16

Volume of Spacer behind cement, bbls

= 164.6 x .01776 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM10.6 VOLUME OF SPACER BEHIND CEMENT bbls

2.92 bbls

Length of Balanced cement Column

= 58.32 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM.1215 + .01776 9385.4622 LENGTH OF BALANCED CEMENT COLUME

= 58.320.13926

= 418.8 ft.

Mud to displace into Position, bblsANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM

= ( 10,000 ft. - 418.8) x .01776 4.0362306 MUD TO DISPLACE INTO POSITION bbls

= 170.16 bbls - 2.92 bbls

= 167.24

Strokes to DisplaceANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM

= 167.24 58.496095 STROKES TO DISPLACE0.109

= 1534 stks

THE END

PART 6 HYDRAULICS

ANNULAR VELOCITY ft/min

Flow Rate = 450 gallons per minute (GPM)Dh= Hole Diameter = 12.25"dp= Pipe OD = 5"

ANNULAR VELOCITY, ft/min WORK SPACE

= 24.51 x GPM FlowRrate= 264Dh= 8.5dp= 7

= 24.51 x GPM 278.3071 ANNULAR VELOCITY ft/min

= 11029.5125.0625

= 88.2 ft/min

EQUIVALENT CIRCULATING DENSITY (ECD)

For low mud weight

Mud Wt. = 11ppgYield Point = 13

Dh= Hole Diameter = 12.25" WORK SPACEdp= Pipe OD = 5" Mud Wt. 14

Yield Point 29ECD, ppg Hole Dia. 4.5

Pipe OD 2.875= Mud Weight, ppg + [ Yield x .1 ] 15.784615 ECD

(Dh - dp)

= 11+ [ 13 x .1 ](12.25 -5)

= 11 + [ 1.3 ]7.25

= 11 +.18

= 11.18 ppg

(Dh2 - dp2)

(12.252 - 52

EQUIVALENT CIRCULATING DENSITY

For Mud Weights greater than 13 ppgWORK SPACE

Mud Weight= 15 ppg M.W.= 14Yield Point= 18 Y.P.= 29

Plastic Viscosity= 30 P.V.= 35Dh= Hole Diameter= 12 1/4 Dh= 4.5dp= Pipe OD= 5 dp= 2.875V= Annular Velocity= 90 ft/min V= 278.3070968 TAKEN FROM AV FORMULA

17.01421676 ECD

ECD, ppg

0.1 ))](Dh -dp) 300 X (Dh -dp)

0.1 30 X 90 ))](12.25 - 5) 300 X (12.25 - 5)

0.1 2700 ))]7.25 300 X 7.25

0.1308 X2700 ))]2175

= 15 + [.0138 X (18 + 1.2414))]

= 15 + [.0138 X 19.2414]

=15 + .2655

=15.26 PPG*field approximation

ECD USING ANNULAR PRESSURE LOSS

ECD ppg = (Annular Pressure Loss / .052 / TVD, ft) + Mud Wt. Ppg

WORK SPACEAnnular Pressure Loss = 50

TVD= 9200Mud Wt = 9.2

9.30451505 ECD

GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR OPTIMIZATION: Roller Cone Bits

= Bbls/Stroke x SPM x 42

Recommended range is between 30 and 50 GPM/inch of Bit Diameter

eg. 30 GPM x 12 1/4" = 367.5 GPM WORK SPACE

=M.Wt+[ x(YP +( PV X V

=15+[ X(18+(=15+[ X(18 +(

= 15 + [ (18 + (

50 GPM x 12 1/4 = 612.5 GPM Bbl/stk 0.069SPM= 55

RANGE = 60227.7 OPT. GPM

GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR PDC BITS

Minimum flowrate to be used

D= Bit Diameter = 12 1/4

MINIMUM FLOWRATE, GPM WORK SPACEBit Dia= 4.5

116.0672 Min. flow rate

= 12.72 X 39.77

= 505.9 GPM

HHP REQUIRED AT SURFACE (INPUT)WORK SPACE

This is a 10 D rule Bit Size= 4.5202.5 HHP Required at Surface

HHP required at surface

CRITICAL VELOCITY, ft/min

Mud velocity above which flow changes from Laminar to Turbulent

Mud Wt = 11 ppgPlastic Viscosity = 30

Yield Point = 15Dh= Hole Diameter = 12 1/4dp= Pipe OD = 5"

CRITICAL VELOCITY, ft/min

= 60 x [ ]M. Wt x (Dh -dp)WORK SPACE

=60 xMud Wt= 14

11 x (12.25 - 5) PV= 35YP= 29

= 12.72 (D)1.47

= 12.72 ( 12.25)1.47

= 10 (Bit Size)2

1.08 PV+ 1.08 SQRT OF PV2 + 9.26 (Dh - dp)2 x YP x M. Wt

(1.08 x 30) + 1.08 SQRT OF 302 + 9.26 (12.25 - 5)2 x 15 x 11

Dh= 4.5= 60 x 32.4 + 1.08 SQRT OF 900 + 9.26 (52.5625) x 165 dp= 2.875

79.75 400.4948 Critical volocity ft/min

= 60 x 32.4 _ 1.08 SQRT OF 900 + 8031079.75

= 60 x 32.4 + 1.08 SQRT OF 8121079.75

=60 x 32.4 + 1.08 x 284.97479.75

= 60 x 32.4 + 307.7779.75

= 60 x 340.1779.75

= 60 x 4.265

= 256 ft/min

GPM TO OBTAIN CRITICAL VELOCITY

Critical Velocity = 256 ft/minDh = Hole Diameter = 12 1/4 dp = Pipe OD = 5"

GPM

=24.51

WORK SPACE

= Critical Velocity = 400 24.51 Hole Diameter = 4.5

Pipe OD = 2.875 = 256 x 125.0625 195.58344 Critical Velocity

24.51

= 3201624.51

= 1306 GPM

PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BIT

Two formulae: one for Total Area of Nozzles in square inchesthe other for sizes of nozzles in 32nds

GPM = 450M/Wt .= 12ppg

Nozzles = 3 x 12/32ndsor = .3313 square inches

PRESSURE DROP, psi

Critical Velocity x (Dh2 - dp2)

256 x (12.252 - 52)

=

OR =

= _______ =

= 202500 x 12 _______ = 156.482 x 202.500 x 1210863.1 x .10976

WORK SPACE= 2430000 ________= 380251260 GPM = 159

1192.33 M. Wt= 14Nozzles = 0.173 square inches

1088.62 PRESSURE DROP= 2038 psi _______ = 380251260

186624

= 2038 psi

NOZZLE SIZES

For bits with 2, 3 or more nozzles M. Wt = 14Pressure Drop at Bit = 1088

M. Wt = 12 ppg GPM = 159Pressure Drjop at Bit = 2038 psi No. of Jets = 1

GPM = 450 15.13175042 NOZZLE SIZESNo of Jets = 3

NOZZLE SIZE

=3.536 x SQRT GPM x SQRT M. Wt ppgNo of Jets Pressure Drop at Bit

= 3.536 x SQRT 450 x SQRT 123 2038

= 3.536 x SQRT 150 x SQRT 0.00589

= 3.536 x SQRT 150 X .0767

= 3.536 x SQRT 11.51

'= 3.536 x 3.3926

= 11.99

Interpretation of answersexample: if answer is between 11.8 and 12.2, choose 3 x 12/32nds

GPM2 x M. Wt. Ppg 156.482 x GPM2 X M. Wt

10863.1 x Nozzle Area2 (J12 + J2

2 + J32)2

4502 X 12 156.482 X 4502 X1210863.1 X .33132 (122 + 122 +122)2

(144 + 144 + 144)2

(432)2

example: if answer is between 11.5 and 11.8, choose 1 x 11/32nds and 2 x 12/32nds

example: if answer is between 11.2 and 11.5, choose 2 x 11/32nds and 1 x 12/23nds

HYDRAULIC HORSEPOWER AT BIT (HHP)

GPM = 450Pressure Loss at Bit = 2038 psi

Total Pump Pressure = 3000 psiBit Diameter = 12-1/4"

HHP AT BIT

= GPM x Pressure Loss at Bit, psi1714

WORK SPACE= 450 x 2038 GPM = 159

1714 Pressure Loss at Bit = 1088Total Pump Pressure = 3800

= 917100 Bit Diameter = 4.51714 100.9288215 HHP AT BIT

= 535 HHP

TOTAL HHP

= GPM x Total Pump Pressure, psi1714 ANSWER F/ PART 6 HYDRAULICS/ HHP AT BIT

GPM = 159= 450 x 3000 Pump Pressure = 3800

1714 352.5088 TOTAL HHP

= 787.6 HHP

HHP/SQUARE INCH OF BIT DIAMETER

= HHP at Bit ANSWER FROM PART 6 HYDRAULICS/ (HHP AT BIT)

HHP at Bit = 100.9288215Bit Dia = 4.5

= 535 6.345988454 HHP SQ. INCH OF BIT DIA.

= 535117.86

= 4.5 HHP/sq. inch

.7854 x Bit Dia2

.7854 x 12.252

% HHP AT BIT

Percentage of total HHP. Optimum hydraulics range is 50 to 65%There are two formulae: one using HHP the other using pressure

HHP Total = 787.6; Total Pressure = 3000HHP at Bit = 535; Pressure Loss at Bit = 2038

ANS:F/ PART 6 HYDRAULICS/HHP AT BIT & TOTAL HHP% HHP HHP at Bit = 100.9288215FIRST FORMULAE Total HHP = 352.5087515

= HHP at Bit x 100 28.63157895 % HHP AT BITTotal HHP

= 535 x 100787.6

= 67.90%

SECOND FORMULAEANS: F/PART 6 HYDRAULICS/PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BIT & HHP AT BIT

= Pressure Loss at Bit x 100 Pressure Loss at Bit = 1088.62Total Pump Pessure Total Pump Pressure = 3800

28.647894 TOTAL HHP= 2038 x 100

3000

= 67.90%

PRESSURE / STROKE / MUD WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP

Effect on pump presure due to changes in SPM or Mud Weight

Current Pressure = 3000 psiCurrent SPM = 80

Current Mud WT. = 11NewSPM = 90

New Mud Wt. = 12

NEW PRESSURE, psi

= Current Pressure, psi x ( New SPM Currnt Pressure x New Mud Wt.Old SPM Old Mud Wt.

=3000 x ( 90 =3000 x 1280 11

= 3000 x 1.0909

= 3000 x 1.2656 =3272 psi

=3797 psi

)2

)2

= 3000 x (1.125)2

*A more accurate answer can be obtained by using the power 1.86 instead of squaring:This needs a special function key on your calculator WORK SPACEOld Mud WT. = 9

Current Pressure = 650Current SPM = 50

Current Mud Wt. = 9.2New SPM = 60

New Mud Wt. = 9.5912.4109 New pressure using power 1.86 AND SPM686.1111 PSI. Using Mud Weight

NOZZLE (JET) VELOCITY, ft/sec

Speed at which mud is traveling through each nozzleOften called Jet Velocity

WORK SPACEGPM = 450 GPM = 165 159.76736 ft/sec

Nozzle Size = 3 x 12/32nds Jet 1= 12or = .3313 square inches Jet 2= 12

Jet 3= 12 0.3313399 Nozzle AreaNOZZLE VELOCITY, ft/sec Jet 4= 0 159.60838 ft/sec

Jet 5= 0= 418.3 x GPM Jet 6= 0 = GPM

3.12 (NOZZLE Area)

= 418.3 x 450 = 4503.12 x .3313

= 188235 = 45014 4 + 144 + 144 1.0336

= 188235 = 435 ft/sec432

= 435 ft/sec

IMPACT FORCE, lbs

GPM = 450Mud Wt. = 12 ppg

Jet Velocity = 435 ft/sec WORK SPACEGPM = 165

IMPACT FORCE IN , lbs Mud Wt. = 15.5Jet Velocity = 159.76736 taken f/ nozzle jet velocity (previous page)

= GPM x M. Wt. Ppg x Jet Velocity, ft/sec 211.49328 IMPACT FORCE1932

= 450 x 12 x 435

J12 + J2

2 + J32

122 + 122 + 122

1932

= 1216 lbs

PLASTIC VISCOSITY/YIELD POINT WORK SPACEPV = 18YP = 12

PV = Fann 600 Reading - Fann 300 Reading 48 FANN 600 READING (General rule: keep as low as possible) 30 FANN 300 READING

YP = Fann 300 Reading - PV(General rule of thumb: YP = M. Wt. Ppg)

FANN 600 READING = 2PV + YPFANN 300 READING = YP + PV

APPARENT VISCOSITY

= Fann 600 Reading Fann 600 Reading = 48 taken f/ plastic vis/yield point above page2 24 APPARENT VISCOSITY

HHP/SQ IN (RULE OF THUMB)

WORK SPACE= SQRT ROP (in most cases no more than 7) ROP = 45

6.7082039 HHP/SQ IN (RULE OF THUMB)

1/32nd x .7937 = Millimeters

HYDRAULIC RULE OF THUMP

General rules of optimization of hydraulics (remember that tehnology is extending values given below)

Flow rate: 30-5- gpm/in of bit diameter (values up to 70 are not uncommon)

HHP/square inch: 2.5-7 (values up to 11 are not uncommon

% pressure at bit 50-65% (may be different depending on requirements for hole cleaning)

Jet velocity: 350-450 ft/second (may vary with changes to above)

1 YP in lbs/100 ft2 = .479 Pascals

THE END

PART 6 MISCELLANEOUS

CRITICAL RPM (accurate to + or _ 15%

RPM to avoid due to excessive vibration

L = length of one jt.of pipe = 31 ftOD = Pipe OD = 5"ID = Pipe ID = 4.276"

CRITICAL RPM WORK SPACEL = 31

= 33055 x SQRT OD = 5

ID = 4.276226.2967678 CRITICAL RPM

= 33055 x SQRT312

= 33055 x SQRT 43.284961

= 34.3964 x 6.579

= 226 RPM

Rule of thump: for 5" drill pipe, do not exceed 200 RPM for any depth

(OD2 +ID2)

L2

(52 + 4.2762)

TEST VOLUME

Approx. mud to pump to achieve a desired test pressure

Test pressure required = 7500

Mud volume between testing pump and other end of system ( e.g. closed ram). = 15 bbls

WORK SPACETEST VOLUME, bbls 310

PSI = 800= 0.744 BBLS TO PUMP

= 15 x .000003 x 7500

= .34 bbls

GEL REQUIRED

For making a gel with waterWORKE SPACE

Vol of Water = 800 1000W1 = Weight of water = 8.5 W1 = 8.5W2 = Weight of Gel Mud = 9.0 ppg W2 = 8.8

21221.617 LBS OF GELGEL REQUIRED IN lbs.

= [ 909.7 (W2 -W1) ]21.66 - W2

= 800 x [ 909.7 (9.0 - 8.5) ]21.66 -9.0

VM =

VM =

VM x .000003 x Test Pressure, psi

VH 20 x = VH 20 x =

VH 20 x

= 800 x [ 909.7 x .5 ]12.66

= 800 x 35.928

= 28742 lbs

Bentonite increases volume by approx 1 barrel every 9 sx

MICRON SIZES

Clay and bentonite less than 1Barite 2 to 60

Silt 2 to 74 API Sand greater than 74

Talcum Powder 5 to 50Kitchen Flour 1 to 80

MICRON CUT POINTS

Centrifuge 3 to 5 MicronsDesilter 3" to 4" cones 12 to 60-icrons

Desander 5" to 12" cones 30 to 60 Microns

PRESSURE AT CONE MANIFOLD AND CONE CAPACITIES

CONE CAPACITIES

4" 50 GPM/cone6" 100 GPM/cone8" 155 GPM/ cone10" 500 GPM/cone12" 600 GPM/cone

pHPh Measure of effective acidity or akalinity of mud.

Range is 0 to 14. pH 7 is neutralGreater than 7 is ALKALINE

Less than 7 is ACID

A rule og thumb for required pump presure at cone manifold on Desilters or Desanders = 4 x m. wt.(ppg)

MARSH FUNNEL

Time for fresh water to drain= 26 seconds =/- 1/2 second per quart

NORMAL FORMATION PRESSURE

.465 psi / ft. or 8.94 ppg

FRESH WATER GRADIENT

.433 psi / ft.

OVERBURDEN GRADIENT

1.0 psi / ft.

THE END

PART 7 CONVERSION FACTORS

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

A INPUT OUTPUTAthomospheres 0 76 Cms of mercury 0Athomospheres 0 760 Milimeters of mercury 0Athomospheres 0 29.92 Inches of mercury 0Athomospheres 0 33.9 Feet of water 0Athomospheres 0 1.0333 Kgs/sq cm 0Athomospheres 0 14.7 Lbs/sq in 0Athomospheres 0 1.058 Tons/sq ft. 0

MULTIPLY BY BY TO OBTAIN

B INPUT OUTPUTBarrel 0 5.6146 Cubic ft. 0Barrel 0.15897 Cubic meters 0Barrel-oil 42 Gallons-oil 0Bbls (US) 0 0.15899 Cubic meters 0Barrels of water 0.1588 Metric ton 0Barrels (36 API) 0.1342 Metric ton 0Barrel /hour 0.0936 Cubic in/sec 0Barrel / hour 0.7 Gallons per minute 0Barrel / hour 2.695 Cubic in/sec 0Barrel / day 0.02917 Gallons per minute 0Bbls / ft 0.52161 Cubic meters/meter 0

Bars 0.9869 Atmospheres 0Bars 2089 Lbs/sq ft. 0Bars 14.5 Lbs/sq in. 0Bars 100 Kilopascals 0Bars / Mt 4.421 psi/ft. 0

Btu 0.252 Kilogram - calones 0Btu 0.2928 Wall hour 0Btu 777.5 Foot - lbs 0Btu 0.0003927 Horsepower - hours 0Btu 107.5 Kilogram - meters 0Btu 0.0002928 Kilowatt - hours 0

Btu / min 12.96 Foot - lbs/sec 0Btu / min 0.02356 Hoursepower 0Btu / min 0.01757 Kilowatts 0Btu / min 17.57 Walts 0

MULTIPLY BY BY TO OBTAIN

C INPUT OUTPUTCentigrams 0.01 Grams 0

Centiliters 0.01 Liters 0

Centimeters 0.3937 Inches 0Centimeters 0.01 Meters 0Centimeters 10 Milimeters 0

Centimeters of mercury 0.01316 Atmospheres 0Centimeters of mercury 0.4461 Feet of water 0Centimeters of mercury 136 Kgs/sq meter 0Centimeters of mercury 27.85 Lbs/sq ft. 0Centimeters of mercury 0.1934 Lbs/sq in. 0

Centimeters / second 1.969 Feet / min. 0Centimeters / second 0.03281 Feet / sec. 0Centimeters / second 0.036 Kilomeers / hrs 0Centimeters / second 0.6 Meters / min 0Centimeters / second 0.02237 Miles / hour 0Centimeters / second 0.0003728 Miles / min. 0Centimeters / second /second 0.03281 Feet / sec / sec 0

Cubic centimeters 0.00003531 Cubic feet 0Cubic centimeters 0.06102 Cubic inches 0Cubic centimeters 0.000001 Cubic meters 0Cubic centimeters 0.000001308 Cubic yards 0Cubic centimeters 0.0002642 Gallons 0Cubic centimeters 0.001 Liters 0Cubic centimeters 0.002113 Pints (liq) 0Cubic centimeters 0.001057 Quarts (liq) 0 Cubic feet 0.1781 Barrels 0Cubic feet 28,320.00 Cubic cms 0Cubic feet 1728 Cubic inches 0Cubic feet 0.02832 Cubic meters 0Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards 0Cubic feet 7.48052 Gallons 0Cubic feet 28.32 Liters 0Cubic feet 59.84 Pints (liq) 0Cubic feet 29.92 Quarts (liq) 0

Cubic feet / minute 472 Cubic cm / sec. 0Cubic feet / minute 0.1247 Gallons / sec 0Cubic feet / minute 0.472 Liters / sec 0Cubic feet / minute 62.43 Lbs of water / min 0Cubic feet / minute 10.686 Barrels per hour 0Cubic feet / minute 28.8 Cubic in / sec. 0

Cubic feet / second 0.646317 Million gats / day 0Cubic feet / second 448.831 Gallons / min. 0

Cubic inches 16.39 Cubic centimeters 0Cubic inches 0.0005787 Cubic feet 0Cubic inches 0.00001639 Cubic inches 0Cubic inches 0.00002143 Cubic yards 0Cubic inches 0.004329 Gallons 0Cubic inches 0.01639 Liters 0Cubic inches 0.03483 Pints (liq) 0Cubic inches 0.01732 Quarts (liq) 0

Cubic meters 6.2905 Barrels 0Cubic meters 1,000,000.00 Cubic centimeters 0Cubic meters 35.31 Cubic feet 0Cubic meters 61023 Cubic inches 0Cubic meters 1.308 Cubic yards 0Cubic meters 264.2 Gallons 0

Cubic meters 1000 Liters 0Cubic meters 2113 Pints (liq) 0Cubic meters 0 1057 Quarts (liq) 0


D INPUT OUTPUTDecigrams 0.1 Grams 0

Deciliters 0.1 Liters 0 Decameters 0.1 Meters 0

Degrees (angle) 60 Minutes 0Degrees (angle) 0.01745 Radians 0Degrees (angle) 3600 Seconds 0

Degrees / sec. 0.01745 Radians / sec. 0Degrees / sec. 0.1667 Revolutions / min. 0Degrees / sec. 0.002778 Revolutions / sec. 0

Dakagrams 10 Gram 0

Dekaliters 10 Liters 0

Dekameters 6 Meters 0


F INPUT OUTPUTFathoms 1 6 Feet 6

Feet 30.48 Centimeters 0Feet 12 Inches 0Feet 0.3048 Meters 0Feet 0.36 Varas (Texas) 0Feet 0 0.333333 Yards 0

Feet of water 0.0295 Atmoseres 0Feet of water 0.8826 Inches of mercury 0Feet of water 0.03048 Kgs / sq cm 0Feet of water 62.43 Lbs / sq ft 0Feet of water 0.4335 Lbs / sq in 0

Feet / min. 0.508 Centimeters / sec 0Feet / min. 0.01667 Feet / sec 0Feet / min. 0.01829 Kilometers / hr 0Feet / min. 0.3048 Meters / min 0Feet / min. 0.01136 Miles / hr 0

Fet / sec. 0.68182 Miles per hour 0Fet / sec. / sec. 30.48 Cms / sec / sec 0Feet / sec./sec. 0.3048 Meters / sec / sec 0

Foot pounds / min 0.001286 Btu / min 0Foot pounds / min 0.01667 Foot pounds / sec 0Foot pounds / min 0.0000303 Horsepower 0Foot pounds / min 0.0003241 Kg calories / min 0Foot pounds / min 0.0000226 Kilowatts 0

Foot pounds / sec 0.07717 Btu / min 0Foot pounds / sec 0.001818 Horsepower 0Foot pounds / sec 0.01945 Kg calories / min 0Foot pounds / sec 0.001356 Kilowatts 0


G INPUT OUTPUTGallons (U.S.) 1000 0.02381 Barrel 23.81Gallons (U.S.) 0.83267 Gallons (Imperial) 0Gallons (U.S.) 0.00378 Cubic meters 0Gallons 3785 Cubic centimeters 0Gallons 0.1337 Cubic feet 0Gallons 231 Cubic inches 0Gallons 0.003785 Cubic meters 0Gallons 0.00495 Cubic yards 0Gallons 3.785 Liters 0Gallons 8 Pints (liq) 0Gallons 4 Quarts (liq) 0

Gallons (Imperial) 1.20095 Gallons (U.S.) 0Gallons (Imperial) 277.419 Cubic inches 0Gallons of water 8.3453 Pounds of water 0

Gallons / min 1.429 Barrels per hour 0Gallons / min 0.1337 Cubic ft / min 0Gallons / min 34.286 Barrels per day 0Gallons / min 0.06308 Liters / sec 0Gallons / min 8.0208 Cubic ft / hr 0Gallons / min 0.13368 Cubic ft / min 0Gallons / min 0.002228 Cubic ft / sec 0

Gallons of water / min 6.0086 Tons water / 24 hrs 0

Grains / U.S. gallons 17.118 Paris / million 0Grains / U.S. gallons 142.86 Lbs / million gal 0

Grains / Imperial gallons 14.286 Parts / million 0

Grams 980.7 Dynes 0Grams 15.43 Grains 0Grams 0.001 Kilograms 0Grams 1000 Milligrams 0Grams 0.03527 Ounces (Avoir) 0Grams 0.03215 Ounces (troy) 0Grams 0.002205 Pounds 0

Grams / cm 0.0056 Pounds / inch 0

Grams / cubic cm 62.43 Ponds / cubic foot 0Grams / cubic cm 0.03613 Pounds / cubic inch 0

Grams / lier 58.417 Grains / gals 0Grams / lier 8.345 Pounds / 1000 gals 0Grams / lier 0.062427 Pounds / cubic foot 0Grams / lier 1000 Parts / million 0


H INPUT OUTPUTHectograms 100 Grams 0

Hectoliters 100 Liters 0

Hectowatts 100 Watts 0

Horsepower 42.44 Btu / min 0Horsepower 33,000 Foot-lbs / min 0Horsepower 550 Foot lbs / sec 0Horsepower 1.014 Horsepower (metric) 0Horsepower 10.7 Kg-calories / min 0Horsepower 0 0.7457 Kilowatts 0Horsepower 745.7 Watts 0

Horsepower (boiler) 33,479 Btu / hr 0Horsepower (boiler) 0 9.803 Kilowatts 0

Horsepower (hours) 2,547 Btu 0Horsepower (hours) 1,980,000 Foot-lbs 0Horsepower (hours) 641.7 Kilogram-calorie 0Horsepower (hours) 273,700 Kilogram-meters 0Horsepower (hours) 0.7457 Kilowatt-hours 0


I INPUT OUTPUTInches 0 2.54 Centimeters 0

Inches of Mercury 0 0.03342 Atmospheres 0Inches of Mercury 0 1.133 Feet of Water 0Inches of Mercury 0 0.03453 Kgs / sq cm 0Inches of Mercury 0 70.73 Lbs / sq ft 0Inches of Mercury 0 0.4912 Lbs / sq n 0

Inches of Water 0 0.002458 Atmospheres 0Inches of Water 0 0.073255 Inches of mercury 0Inches of Water 0 0.00254 Kgs / sq cm 0Inches of Water 0 0.5781 Ounces / sq in 0Inches of Water 0 5.202 Lbs / sq ft 0Inches of Water 0 0.03613 Lbs / sq in 0


K INPUT OUTPUTKilograms 0 980665 Dynes 0Kilograms 10 2.205 Lbs 22.05Kilograms 1 0.001102 Tons (short) 0.001102Kilograms 10 1000 Grams 10000

Kilograms / meter 0 7.233 Ft-lbs 0Kilograms / meter 0 0.672 Lbs / ft 0

Kilograms / sq cm 0 0.9678 Atmospheres 0Kilograms / sq cm 0 32.81 Feet of water 0Kilograms / sq cm 0 28.96 Inches of mercury 0Kilograms / sq cm 0 2048 Lbs / sq ft 0Kilograms / sq cm 0 14.22 Lbs / sq in 0

0 0.98 Bars 00 98 Kilopascals 00 14.22 Lbs / square inch 0

Kgs / sq millimeter 0 1,000,000 Kgs / sq meter 0

Kiloliters 0 1,000 Liters 0

Kilometers 0 1,000,000 Centimeters 0Kilometers 0 3,281 feet 0Kilometers 0 1,000 Meters 0Kilometers 0 0.6214 Miles 0Kilometers 0 0.5396 Miles (nautial) 0Kilometers 0 1,094 Yards 0

Kilometers / hr 0 27.78 Centimeters / sec 0Kilometers / hr 0 54.66 Feet / min 0Kilometers / hr 0 0.9113 Feet / sec 0Kilometers / hr 0 0.5396 Knots 0Kilometers / hr 0 16.67 Meters / min 0Kilometers / hr 0 0.6214 Meters / hr 0

Kms / hr / sec 0 27.78 Cms / sec / sec 0Kms / hr / sec 0 0.9113 Ft / sec / sec 0Kms / hr / sec 0 0.2778 Meters / sec / sec 0

Kilowhatts 0 56.92 Btu / min 0Kilowhatts 0 44,250 Foot-lbs / min 0Kilowhatts 0 737.6 Foot-lbs / sec 0Kilowhatts 0 1.341 Horsepower 0Kilowhatts 0 14.34 Kg-calories / min 0Kilowhatts 0 1,000 Wats 0

Killowhatt-hours 0 3.451 Btu 0Killowhatt-hours 0 2,655,000 Foot-lbs 0Killowhatt-hours 0 1.314 Horsepower-hrs 0Killowhatt-hours 0 860.5 Kilogram-calories 0Killowhatt-hours 0 367.1 Kilogram-meters 0

Knol 0 1 Nautical miles / hr 0Knot 0 1.151 Statute miles / hr 0

Kilograms / sq cm2

Kilograms / sq cm2

Kilograms / sq cm2


L INPUT OUTPUTLiters 0 1,000 Cubic centimeters 0Liters 0 0.03531 Cubic feet 0Liters 0 61.02 Cubic inches 0Liters 0 0.001 Cubic meters 0Liters 0 0.001308 Cubic yards 0Liters 0 0.2642 Gallons 0Liters 0 2.113 Pints(liquid) 0Liters 0 1.057 Quarts (liquid) 0

Liters / min 0 0.0005886 Cubic ft/sec. 0Liters / min 0 0.004403 Gals/sec 0


M INPUT OUTPUTMeters 0 100 Centimeters 0Meters 650 3.281 feet 2132.65Meters 0 39.37 Inches 0Meters 0 0.001 Kilometers 0Meters 0 1,000 Millimeters 0Meters 650 1.094 Yards 711.1

Meters / min 0 1.667 Centimeters / sec 0Meters / min 0 3.281 Feet / min 0Meters / min 0 0.05468 Feet / sec 0Meters / min 0 0.06 Kilometers / hr 0Meters / min 0 0.03728 Miles / hr 0

Meters / sec 0 196.8 Feet / min 0Meters / sec 0 3.281 Feet / sec 0Meters / sec 0 3.6 Kilometerw / hr 0Meters / sec 0 0.06 Kilometerw / min 0Meters / sec 0 2.237 Miles / hr 0Meters / sec 0 0.03728 Miles / min 0

Microns 0 0.000001 Meters 0

Miles 0 160,900 Centimeters 0Miles 0 5,280 Feet 0Miles 0 1.609 Kilometers 0Miles 0 1,760 Yards 0Miles 0 1,900.80 Varas (Texas) 0

Mile (Nautical) 0 6,080.27 Feet 0Mile (Nautical) 0 1.15 Mile (statute) 0

Miles / hr 0 44.7 Centimeters / sec 0Miles / hr 0 88 Feet / min 0Miles / hr 0 1.467 Feet / sec 0Miles / hr 0 1.609 Kilometers / hrs 0Miles / hr 0 0.8684 Knots 0

Miles / hr 4 26.82 Meters / min 107.28

Miles / min 2 2,682 Centimeters / sec 5364Miles / min 0 88 Feet / sec 0Miles / min 0 1.609 Kilometer / min 0Miles / min 0 60 Miles / hr 0

Milliers 0 1,000 Kilograms 0

Milligrams 0 0.001 Grams 0

Milliliters 0 0.001 Liters 0

Millimeters 0 0.1 Centimeters 0Millimeters 650 0.03937 Inches 25.5905

Milligrams / liter 0 1 Parts / million 0

Milion / gals. / day 0 1.54723 Cubic feet / sec 0

Minutes (angle) 0 0.0002909 Radians 0


O INPUT OUTPUTOunces 0 16 Drams 0Ounces 0 437.5 Grains 0Ounces 0 0.0625 Pounds 0Ounces 0 28.349572 Grams 0Ounces 0 0.9115 Ounces (troy) 0Ounces 0 0.0000279 Tons (long) 0Ounces 0 0.00002835 Tons (metric) 0

Ounces (fluid) 1.805 Cubic inchse 0Ounces (fluid) 0.02957 Liters 0Ounces/sq inch 0.0625 Lbs/sq inch 0


P INPUT OUTPUTParts/million 0.0584 Grains/U.S. gal ###Parts/million 0.07016 Graind/Imperial gal 0Parts/million 8.345 Lbs/million gallons 0

Pounds 16 Ounces 0Pounds 256 Drams 0Pounds 7,000 Grains 0Pounds 0.0005 Tons (short) 0Pounds 453.5924 Grams 0Pounds 1.21528 Pounds (troy) 0Pounds 14.5833 Ounces (troy) 0

Pounds of Water 0.01602 Cubic feet 0

Pounds of Water 27.68 Cubic inches 0Pounds of Water 0.1198 Gallons 0

Pounds/cubic foot 0.01602 Grams/cubic cm 0Pounds/cubic foot 16.02 Kgs/cubic cm 0Pounds/cubic foot 0.0005787 Kgs/cubic meter 0

Pounds/ cubic inch 27.68 Grams/cubic cm 0Pounds/ cubic inch 27,680 Kgs/cubic meter 0Pounds/ cubic inch 1,728 Lbs/cubic foot 0

Pounds of water/min 0.000267 Cubic/ft sec 0

Pounds/foot 1.488 Kgs/meter 0Pounds/gallon 8.337 Grams/cubic cm 0Pounds/gallon 120 0Pounds/gallon 0.01175 Bars/meter 0Pounds/gallon 0 SG 0Pounds/inch 178.6 Grams/cm 0

Pounds/sq foot 0.01602 Feet of water 0Pounds/sq foot 0.00004883 Kgs/sq cm 0Pounds/sq foot 0.006945 Pounds/sq inch 0

Pounds sq inch 0.06804 Atomspheres 0Pounds sq inch 2.307 Feet of water 0Pounds sq inch 2.036 Inches of mercury 0Pounds sq inch 0.07031 Kgs/sq cm 0Pounds sq inch 6.895 Kilopascals 0

Pounds-force 4.448 Newtons 0Pounds-force 0.4448 Deca newtons 0


Q INPUT OUTUTQuarts (dry) 67.2 Cubic inches 0Quarts (liquid) 57.75 Cubic inches 0Quarts (liquid) 4 0.964 Liter 3.856

Kgs/meter2


S INPUT OUTPUTSquare cemtimeter 0.155 Square inch 0

Square foot 0.0929 Square meter 0Square foot 0.1296 Square vara (Texas) 0Square inch 6.452 Square centimeters 0Square kilometer 0.3861 Square mile 0Square meter 10.76 Square feet 0Square mile 2.59 Square kilometers 0Square vara (Texas) 7.716 Square feet 0Square mile 640 Acre 0Specific Gravity (SG) 0.0981 Bars/meter 0


T INPUT OUTPUTTemp (C) + 17.78 1.8 Temp (F.) 0Temp (F.) -32 0.55555 Temp(C) 0

Tons (long) 1,016 Kilograms 0Tons (long) 2,240 Pounds 0Tons (long) 1.12 Tons (short) 0

Tons (metric) 1,000 Kilograms 0Tons (metric) 2,205 Pounds 0

#1,000,000 = = mega = M

1,000 = = kilo = k100 = = hecto = h

10 = = deca = da1 = Base Unit = =

0.1 = = deci = da0.01 = = centi = c

0.001 = = milli = m.000,0001 = = micro = u

The End

FORMULAS AND RULES OF THUMB

106

103

102

101

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-6

AREA OF CIRCLE

= PI x THE RADIUS SQUAREED

OR WORK SPACED= 6

28.2744 Area of Circle

CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE

= (PI x DIA) WORK SPACEDIA = 12

37.69911 Circumference of circle

DIAMETER OF A CIRCLE

= CIRCUMFERENCE DIV. PI

WORK SPACECIRCUMFERENCE = 6

1.909859 Dia. Of Circle

(PI R2) (D2 x .7854)

RADIUS OF A CIRCLE

= DIA WORK SPACE2 DIA= 6

3 Radius of Circle

FORCE PER SQUARE INCH OF THE AMOUNT OF WEIGHT IT WILL TAKEFOR TOOL TO FALL NEGLECTING FRICTION

= AREA IN SQUARE INCHES x PRESSURE

(A x P = F)WORK SPACE

AREA = 3PRESSURE= 3000

9000 Force to Fall

WEIGHT PER FT. OF ROUND BAR STOCK

= DIA. SQUARED x 8 DIV. BY 3OR DIA SQUARED x 2.67

WORK SPACE3 DIA. = 6

96 Weight Per Ft. (Round Bar)

VOLUME OF A SPHEREWORK SPACE

= DIA. CUBED x .5236 DIA. = 6113.0976 Volume of Sphere

D2 x 8

(D3 x .5236)

WIND CHILL FACTOR

(((1.45 + (6.686112 x SQRT WIND SPEED - .447041 x WIND SPEED))) DIV. 22.034 x (TEMP *F - 91.4) DIV. 91.4

WORK SPACETEMP = 45W.S. = 10

34.28347 Wind Chill

The End

DRILLING FORMULAE

PART 1 VOLUMES

PART 2 TRIPPING

Shoe depth5280

Slug Volume

Level drop std.

PART 3 STUCK PIPE

Stretch/inches

PART 4 WELL CONTROL

Fixed Stroke

CEMENT VOLUME REQUIRED

LENGTH OF SPACER IN ANNULUS

VOLUME OF SPACER BEHIND CEMENT bbls

LENGTH OF BALANCED CEMENT COLUME

MUD TO DISPLACE INTO POSITION bbls

PART 6 HYDRAULICS

Critical volocity ft/min

THE END

PART 6 MISCELLANEOUS

THE END

PART 7 CONVERSION FACTORS

The End

FORMULAS AND RULES OF THUMB

Drilling Formulae

Documents

equivalent

close gate

fet sec

drill collar

feet sec

degrees sec

feet min

critical volocity