Drilling fluid

Sarwar Salam

Mohammed Khoshawi

Drilling Fluids

December 7th , 2015

Outline

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Introduction

Drilling Operation.

Rotary Drilling Rig

Systems.

• Power System

• Hoisting System

• Rotary System

• Control System

• Mud Circulation

System

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Rig 269 TT#24

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Introduction cont...

• Over Balanced Drilling (OBD)

• Under Balanced Drilling (UBD)

• Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)

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Drillin Fluids

• What is Drilling Fluid (Mud)?

• Path of Mud in Drilling Operation?

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Composition

Continuous Phase

• Brine Water

• Fresh Water

• Oil

• Air

Dispersed Phase

Bentonite, Emulsifiers etc…

Additives

Weighting Materials, Viscosifires etc…

Chemicals, used for specific purposes.

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Properties

• Weighing materials are used to increase mud

weights.

Examples are: barite, hematite.

• Resistance to flow.

• High mud pH is desirable to suppress

corrosion rate, hydrogen embattlement, and the

solubility of Ca+2 and Mg+2. High pH is also

favorable for many organic viscosity control

additives.

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Types D.Fluids

• Liquids

– Water-base muds (WBM)

– Oil-base muds (OBM)

• Gases

– Air

– Natural gas

• Gas-Liquid mixtures

– Foam (mostly gas)

– Aerated water (mostly water)

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Mud types dia ram

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Functions

Bottom Hole Cleaning.

Cuttings Transport.

Bore Hole Wall Support/ Stabilization.

Cooling The Bit.

Hydraulic Power Transmission.

Data Transmission (MWD).

Reducing Friction.

Corrosion Protection.

Solid Suspension.

Balancing Formation Pressure.

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Pressure Terminologies

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• Formation pressure, is the pressure of fluids contained in pore space of rock.

• What are the Pore Fluids…

• Fracture Gradient, it is the value of pressure

per depth that cause fracture in the formations.

• Hydrostatic Pressure, is the pressure of the

mud column.

Calculations

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• The simple equation that used to determine the

quantity of mud components.

• Hole Volume+ Surface Pits = System Volume

Derived…..

Calculations cont…

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Crucial information for Petroleum Engineers

Calculations cont.…

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• Example:

A 9.5 Ib/gal mud contains clay (sp.gr. = 2.5)

and fresh water. Compute:

a) the volume % solids and

b) the weight % clay in this mud.

Ans: a) 9.4% b) 20.5%

Calculations cont.…

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The End

18:42

“Future is not a gift,

it’s an achievement”

Harry Lauder

Thank You