Drill 4/4 What is the difference between a dictator, an absolute monarch, an authoritarian and an autocrat?

Drill 4/4Drill 4/4

What is the difference between a dictator, What is the difference between a dictator, an absolute monarch, an authoritarian and an absolute monarch, an authoritarian and an autocrat?an autocrat?

Drill 3/4Drill 3/4

Answer:Answer:– Its hard to say. All believe in many of the Its hard to say. All believe in many of the

same things. An the difference between them same things. An the difference between them is the focus of real debate.is the focus of real debate.

– Sometimes it has to do with HOW the person Sometimes it has to do with HOW the person came to power, the structure of government came to power, the structure of government around them and various other things.around them and various other things.

World War IIWorld War II

The Rise of FascismThe Rise of Fascism

ObjectiveObjective

Students will be able to apply a definition Students will be able to apply a definition to “fascism” and identify Benito Mussolini's to “fascism” and identify Benito Mussolini's rule over Italyrule over Italy

FascismFascism

An authoritarian ideologyAn authoritarian ideology

Considers the individual Considers the individual less important than the less important than the statestate

Usually based on ethnic, Usually based on ethnic, religious, cultural or religious, cultural or racial ideals racial ideals

FascismFascism

There is no firm There is no firm definitiondefinition

Historians debate it to Historians debate it to this daythis day

It has no clearly It has no clearly defined doctrine or defined doctrine or set of ideas set of ideas

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Former newspaper Former newspaper editoreditor

Coined the term Coined the term “Fascism” in 1919 “Fascism” in 1919 when he founded the when he founded the Italian Fascist PartyItalian Fascist Party

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Fascism comes from the Fascism comes from the Italian word Italian word FascioFascio [bundle, or union][bundle, or union]

And the Latin word And the Latin word Fasces Fasces which is defined which is defined as a bundle of rods tied as a bundle of rods tied around an axe handlearound an axe handle

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

In 1919 he had little In 1919 he had little effecteffect

Once the Depression Once the Depression reached Italy he gained reached Italy he gained more supportmore support

His followers, wearing His followers, wearing black shirts, used violent black shirts, used violent force against Socialist force against Socialist and Communist partiesand Communist parties

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

October 1922 October 1922

30,000 fascists 30,000 fascists marched on Romemarched on Rome

They demanded that They demanded that Mussolini be given Mussolini be given control of the control of the government government

Classwork / HomeworkClasswork / HomeworkGuided Reading 15.3 parts A + BGuided Reading 15.3 parts A + B

On the back: Create this chart comparing On the back: Create this chart comparing Adolf Hitler and Mussolini Adolf Hitler and Mussolini

MussoliniMussolini HitlerHitler

Method of taking Method of taking powerpower

Style of leadershipStyle of leadership

Handling of Handling of economic crisiseconomic crisis

GoalsGoals

SummarySummary

““When fascism comes to America it When fascism comes to America it will be draped in the flag carrying a will be draped in the flag carrying a cross.”cross.”

-Sinclair Lewis-Sinclair Lewis

What does Lewis mean? Could fascism What does Lewis mean? Could fascism happen in America?happen in America?

Drill 4/7 Drill 4/7

What are the characteristics that surround What are the characteristics that surround Fascism?Fascism?

FascismFascism

An authoritarian ideologyAn authoritarian ideology

Considers the individual less important Considers the individual less important than the statethan the state

Usually based on ethnic, religious, cultural Usually based on ethnic, religious, cultural or racial idealsor racial ideals

ObjectiveObjective

Students will be able to compare and Students will be able to compare and contrast Fascism in Italy and Germanycontrast Fascism in Italy and Germany

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerB. 4/20/1889 – D. B. 4/20/1889 – D. 4/30/19454/30/1945

The fourth of six The fourth of six children to his father’s children to his father’s third wifethird wife

Received two Iron Received two Iron Crosses for his efforts Crosses for his efforts for Germany during for Germany during World War I World War I

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAfter the war Hitler After the war Hitler settled in Germanysettled in Germany

He joined a small He joined a small conservative party conservative party called:called:– The National Socialist The National Socialist

German Worker’s German Worker’s PartyParty

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAfter Mussolini took After Mussolini took over Italy, the Nazis over Italy, the Nazis attempted the same attempted the same thingthing– The 1932 coup failedThe 1932 coup failed– Hitler was arrested Hitler was arrested

and sentenced to five and sentenced to five years in prisonyears in prison

While in prison..While in prison..Hitler writes Hitler writes Mien KampfMien Kampf– ““My Struggle”My Struggle”

In the book Hitler assertsIn the book Hitler asserts– The German race, specifically the Aryan race is The German race, specifically the Aryan race is

superiorsuperiorAll other races are inferiorAll other races are inferior

– The Treaty of Versailles was an insult and he vowed to The Treaty of Versailles was an insult and he vowed to retake the lands Germany lostretake the lands Germany lost

– Germany was too crowded and the German people Germany was too crowded and the German people needed “living-space”needed “living-space”

LebensraumLebensraum

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAfter his release he After his release he rebuilds the Nazi rebuilds the Nazi partyparty

Spurned by the Spurned by the Depression the Nazis Depression the Nazis become the largest become the largest party in Germany by party in Germany by 19321932

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerHe won a small He won a small government post in a government post in a local electionlocal election– Earned him Earned him

citizenship, he could citizenship, he could now run for Presidentnow run for President

Over the year Over the year divisions in the divisions in the German government German government would allow hitler to would allow hitler to slowly rise and the slowly rise and the Nazi influence growNazi influence grow

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerJanuary 1933January 1933President Paul von President Paul von Hindenburg names Hitler Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor of GermanyChancellor of Germany

Six days before elections, Six days before elections, a fire destroyed the a fire destroyed the Reichstag Reichstag

The Nazis blamed the The Nazis blamed the powerful Communist powerful Communist party for the fireparty for the fire– The Nazis would win the The Nazis would win the

parliamentary electionsparliamentary elections

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerWith a majority in With a majority in parliament Hitler parliament Hitler demands, and recieves, demands, and recieves, total dictatorial control for total dictatorial control for four daysfour days

In that time he In that time he – outlaws all other political outlaws all other political

partiesparties– Founds his secret police Founds his secret police

force the SSforce the SSSchutzsaffelSchutzsaffel

– And had all opponents And had all opponents arrestedarrested

By 1934 Germany is a totalitarian By 1934 Germany is a totalitarian StateState

Today’s assignment, using your book Today’s assignment, using your book complete the chart comparing and complete the chart comparing and contrasting Hitler and Mussolini’s rise to contrasting Hitler and Mussolini’s rise to power.power.– Write a BCR comparing and contrasting Hitler Write a BCR comparing and contrasting Hitler

and Mussolini’s rise to power using your chart and Mussolini’s rise to power using your chart as a guide.as a guide.

– I will collect the BCR at the end of class.I will collect the BCR at the end of class.

Drill 4/9Drill 4/9

Name 3 similarities between Hitler’s and Name 3 similarities between Hitler’s and Mussolini’s rise to power.Mussolini’s rise to power.

Legally took officeLegally took office

Killed-off, got rid of opponentsKilled-off, got rid of opponents– Outlawed other partiesOutlawed other parties

PropagandaPropaganda– Charisma EXCELLENT speakersCharisma EXCELLENT speakers

Used the DepressionUsed the Depression

Both started with low-level jobs in Both started with low-level jobs in governmentgovernment

Centered their beliefsCentered their beliefs– Control of the mediaControl of the media

Used the depression to their advantageUsed the depression to their advantageLegally electedLegally electedBoth attempted forced entry into government Both attempted forced entry into government ““took care” of the competitiontook care” of the competition– Outlawed all other partiesOutlawed all other parties– Arrested opponents/ or got rid of opponents Arrested opponents/ or got rid of opponents

Dictatorial ruleDictatorial rule– Command Economy, to a pointCommand Economy, to a point

ObjectiveObjective

Students will be able to identify how Students will be able to identify how smaller global conflicts led to the start of smaller global conflicts led to the start of World War IIWorld War II

Hitler’s early Hitler’s early yearsyears

Hitler, after gaining Hitler, after gaining complete control of complete control of Germany began a massive Germany began a massive public works campaignpublic works campaign– Railroad constructionRailroad construction– Highway (autobahn) Highway (autobahn)

constructionconstruction– Increase in coal and oil Increase in coal and oil

productionproduction

How else did Hitler repair How else did Hitler repair the damage of the the damage of the Depression? Depression?

Hitler defies the Treaty of VersaillesHitler defies the Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles stated that The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany may not re-arm themselvesGermany may not re-arm themselves

Hitler recreates the army and demands Hitler recreates the army and demands that the German people be unified under that the German people be unified under one German stateone German state

The Rhineland The Rhineland

The treaty called for a thirty mile buffer The treaty called for a thirty mile buffer along the Rhine river between the on the along the Rhine river between the on the French and German borderFrench and German border

March 7, 1936 troops move into the March 7, 1936 troops move into the RhinelandRhineland– France does nothing, they do not want to risk France does nothing, they do not want to risk

war.war.

AppeasementAppeasement

This would begin a policy of appeasement This would begin a policy of appeasement throughout the world, not only in Europe.throughout the world, not only in Europe.

Complete the guided reading for this Complete the guided reading for this section parts a and bsection parts a and b

We will go over this at the end of class.We will go over this at the end of class.

1930-19391930-1939

These nine years see a large amount of These nine years see a large amount of drastic changes to the world political drastic changes to the world political scenescene

Your classwork/ homework assignment Your classwork/ homework assignment today - today -

Create a timeline of events outlined in chapter 15.4Create a timeline of events outlined in chapter 15.4– Beginning with Japan’s invasion of ManchuriaBeginning with Japan’s invasion of Manchuria– Ending with the German-Soviet Non-aggression PactEnding with the German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact– Use one color for GER; one for JAP; one for ITAUse one color for GER; one for JAP; one for ITA– Each date should also have a description of the event at Each date should also have a description of the event at

least two complete sentences in length.least two complete sentences in length.– There should be at least There should be at least 10 dates10 dates on the timeline on the timeline

Below, answer the following questions:Below, answer the following questions:

Why was Manchuria important to the Japanese?Why was Manchuria important to the Japanese?– What motivated Mussolini to invade Ethiopia?What motivated Mussolini to invade Ethiopia?– At what point do you feel that Hitler felt he could take any At what point do you feel that Hitler felt he could take any

territory without being challenged? territory without being challenged?

Drill 4/11Drill 4/11

Define Appeasement PolicyDefine Appeasement Policy

Why was Manchuria important to the Japanese?Why was Manchuria important to the Japanese?– What motivated Mussolini to invade Ethiopia?What motivated Mussolini to invade Ethiopia?– At what point do you feel that Hitler felt he could take At what point do you feel that Hitler felt he could take

any territory without being challenged? any territory without being challenged?

ObjectiveObjective

Students will be able to analyze foreign Students will be able to analyze foreign reaction to Western Appeasement policyreaction to Western Appeasement policy

Hitler’s expansionHitler’s expansion

First came the re-militarization of the First came the re-militarization of the Rhineland.Rhineland.

March 7, 1936March 7, 1936

AnschlussAnschlussGerman word for Annexation or Addition

The re-unification of Austria into the new German empire– Third Reich

How Hitler did itHow Hitler did it

Beginning in 1938 he put political pressure Beginning in 1938 he put political pressure on the Chancellor of Austria Kurt on the Chancellor of Austria Kurt Schuschnigg Schuschnigg

In February Hitler held a meeting with In February Hitler held a meeting with Schuschnigg in Bavaria demanding that Schuschnigg in Bavaria demanding that he reinstate the political party systemhe reinstate the political party system– For the sole reason that the Nazi’s could runFor the sole reason that the Nazi’s could run

How Hitler did itHow Hitler did it

Schuschnigg, defiant, held a referendum vote in Schuschnigg, defiant, held a referendum vote in Austria to declare their outright independenceAustria to declare their outright independence– He set the voting age at 24, alienating many of the He set the voting age at 24, alienating many of the

young Nazi sympathizersyoung Nazi sympathizers

Hitler reacted by declaring the vote rife with Hitler reacted by declaring the vote rife with fraudfraudHitler’s propaganda ministry began the Hitler’s propaganda ministry began the distribution of fliers distribution of fliers – claiming riots throughout the county and people claiming riots throughout the county and people

WANTING the German army’s support.WANTING the German army’s support.

The UltimatumThe Ultimatum

On March 11 Hitler sent an ultimatum to On March 11 Hitler sent an ultimatum to Schuschnigg saying that if he did not hand over Schuschnigg saying that if he did not hand over control to the Nazis he would face invasioncontrol to the Nazis he would face invasion

Schuschnigg resigned that afternoonSchuschnigg resigned that afternoon

March 12 1938 German troops march into March 12 1938 German troops march into Austria Austria – No fightingNo fighting– BlumenkreigBlumenkreig

The Munich ConferenceThe Munich Conference

Hitler wants to further expand into Hitler wants to further expand into Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia

The Sudentland – region in Czech. That The Sudentland – region in Czech. That was ethnically German and controlled by a was ethnically German and controlled by a pro-nazi governorpro-nazi governor

The conferenceThe conference

British PM Neville Chamberlain met with British PM Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler, Mussolini and French PM Dadalier Hitler, Mussolini and French PM Dadalier 9/15-16 19389/15-16 1938

A deal was signed 9/30/1938 giving the Sudentland to Germany

So long as they respected Czech.’s new borders

March 15, 1939March 15, 1939

Hitler Marches into PragueHitler Marches into Prague

Czech - capitalCzech - capital

Reaction to the ConferenceReaction to the Conference