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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
..... 2.
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES AND DESIGN CRITERIA
.. 3.
3.1. Ditches
... 3.
3.1.1 Side ditches .
... 3.
3.1.2 Head Ditches ..
8.
3.1.3 Toe Ditches .
..... 11.
3.1.4 Bech Ditches
. 1!.
3.1.! D"aia#e $i%es ...
... 18.
CONC&USION .
2'.
A$$ENDI(
RE)ERENCES
CA&CU&ATION RESU&TS
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INTRODUCTION
This d"aia#e "e%o"t cotais h*d"a+,ic ca,c+,atio o- d"aia#e
st"+ct+"es s+ch as ech/ head ad toe ditches/ side ditches ea" the
"ai,0a* %,at-o" ad d"aia#e %i%es as 0e,,. The h*d"a+,ic ca,c+,atios o-
d"aia#e st"+ct+"es to e cost"+cted 0ithi the %"oect a"e %"eseted i
this "e%o"t i detai,. The ca,c+,atio ste%s %e"-o"ed i the "e%o"t a"eca""ied o+t i a s%"ead sheet. Ho0ee" i o"de" to idicate the a,idit* o-
the o+t%+t/ had ca,c+,atios -o" each t*%e o- d"aia#e st"+ct+"e a"e a,so
ic,+ded.
O%e chae, h*d"a+,ics is a%%,ica,e to "ai,0a* "oadside ditches
ic,+di# c+,e"ts ad sto" d"ais. The %"oced+"e is the sae as the
%"oced+"e i hi#h0a*s.
H*d"a+,ic aa,*sis o- a chae, dete"ies the de%th ad e,ocit* at
0hich a #ie discha"#e 0i,, 5o0 i a chae, o- 6o0 #eoet"*/
"o+#hess ad s,o%e. The de%th ad e,ocit* o- 5o0 a"e ecessa"* -o" the
desi# o" aa,*sis o- chae, ,ii#s ad "ai,0a* d"aia#e st"+ct+"es.
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DRAINAGE STRUCTURES AND DESIGN CRITERIA
I this %"oect/ the 5o0 "ates o- the d"aia#e st"+ct+"es 0e"e
ca,c+,ated +si# Ratioa, 7ethod. The ii+ "ai-a,, d+"atio 0as
chose as ! i+tes. I cases 0he"e "ai-a,, d+"atios eceed ! i+tes/
the ai+ 5o0 "ate i the d"aia#e st"+ct+"es is coside"ed to e
occ+""ed -"o a "ai-a,, hai# a co,,ectio tie e9+a, to the "ai-a,,
d+"atio.
I cases 0he"e co,,ecti# %i%es ad ditches a"e ,o#/ 5o0 d+"atios
o- %i%es ad ditches a"e added to the cocet"atio tie +sed i
ca,c+,atio o- "ai-a,, itesit*. The ,o#e" cocet"atio tie is +sed 0he
a d"aia#e ,ie coected * +,ti%,e d"aia#e s*stes.
I a,, d"aia#e st"+ct+"es/ o%e chae, 5o0 coce%t is o%e"atie.
Th+s/ d"aia#e e,eets a"e ot %"ess+"ed. Thei" 5o0 di"ectios ad
discha"#e ,ocatios a"e -oste"ed o the %,a.
3.1. DITCHES
The ditch %"o:,es/ #+tte" t*%es/ thei" %"o%e"ties ad ca,c+,atio
ethods +sed i this "ai,0a* %"oect a"e %"eseted e,o0.
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3.1.1. Side Ditches
I o"de" to :d the 0ate" co,,ected i the side ditches/ the
catchet a"ea -"o the "ai,0a* %,at-o"/ c+t s,o%es ad at+"a, #"o+ds+"-ace oe" c+t the s,o%es ;i asece o- head toes< a"e added to tota,
catchet a"ea. I this %"oect a,o# the "ai,0a* ,ie '.! '.=' U>t*%e
side ditches 0ith '.3!? c"oss>sectio a"ea a"e cost"+cted.
The h*d"a+,ic ca,c+,atios o- side ditches ic,+de ! i+tes o-
co,,ectio tie ;Tc
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T1 @ Oe",ad 5o0 t"ae, tie ;ihad side o- the 7ai ,ie
Ditch N&m'e$!L2F
T"ta $eati(e catchme#t a$ea
R+o coeciets@ c '.8! ;-o" coc"ete s+"-aces< c '.!' ;-o" at+"a, #"o+d s+"-ace'.1!
2>4 '.1!>'.21Q 4 '.21>'.3'
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c '.!' ;-o" the :,, s+"-acesectio o- head ditches to e cost"+cted i this%"oect is sho0 i :#+"e 3.4.
Fi)&$e 3.2. A t,pica c$"ss-secti"# "% head ditches
3.1.3. T"e Ditches
I :,, sectios o- the "ai,"oad/ the 0ate" co,,ects i toe ditches.
7o"eoe"/ the 0ate" i#ht e coe*ed to toe ditches -"o side ditches.
I s+ch cases/ T1is ca,c+,ated * s+i# T2o- the coecti# ditch ad 2
i+tes o- oe",ad 5o0 d+"atio. The ca,c+,atio o- toe ditches is e"*
sii,a" to head ditches. The"e-o"e/ o,* a sa%,e ea%,e 0i,, e #ie
he"e. The "e9+i"ed data is a#ai the "ea, data ac9+i"ed -"o the d"aia#e
%,a.
Exampe 3.1.3
Stati"# at the sta$t "% the ditch! J !'K=1 sta.
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Stati"# at the sta$t "% the ditch! J !1118 sta.
L"cati"# "% the ditch!&e-t>had side o- the 7ai ,ie.
Ditch #&m'e$!A32>A33
T"ta $eati(e catchme#t a$easR+o coeciets@ c '.8! ;-o" coc"ete s+"-aces