Draft Report of Sub-committee of 7 Coastal Protection and ...old.cwc.gov.in/CPDAC-Website/Sub-committee Meeting...PFZ Potential Fishing Zone PMC Project Monitoring Committee Ppt Parts

7

Aug, 2017

Draft Report of Sub-committee of

Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee

(CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

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Table of Content

1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) .............1

1.2 Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and

Publication ......................................................................................................................1

1.3 First Meeting of the Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection,

Compilation and Publication .........................................................................................2

2.0 Status of the coastal data being collected at national and state level by

various agencies and its inventory .......................................................................... 3

2.1 National Level Initiatives ....................................................................................4

2.1.1 Shoreline Change Assessments............................................................................................ 4 2.1.1.1. Shoreline Change Atlas of Indian Coast by SAC and CWC ................................... 4 2.1.1.2. Shoreline Change Assessment by ICMAM-PD, Chennai ........................................ 6 2.1.1.3. Shoreline Change Assessment by INCOIS, Hyderabad .......................................... 6 2.1.1.4. Shoreline Change Assessment by NCSCM, Chennai............................................... 7

2.1.2 Coastal Management Information System (CMIS) ........................................................... 7 2.1.3 Data Compilation/collection by CW&PRS (Pune) ........................................................... 8 2.1.4 NIO Goa (CSIR, MoST) ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)- ESSO ........................................................................ 10 2.1.6 Ministry of Defence: ............................................................................................................ 13 2.1.7 Geological Survey of India (GSI) ....................................................................................... 14 2.1.8 River Data collection by CWC ........................................................................................... 15 2.1.9 Climate Resilient Coastal Protection and Management Project (CRCP&MP) ............ 15 2.1.10 Survey of India (SoI) ....................................................................................................... 15

2.2 State/ Institute Specific Initiatives .................................................................... 18

2.2.1 Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH), Poondi (Tamil Nadu) ......................... 19 2.2.2 Odisha-ICZMP- (MoEF&CC) ............................................................................................. 21 2.2.3 Coastal Engineering Field Studies Division (CEFS), Kerala .......................................... 22 2.2.4 Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) .................................................................................................. 23 2.2.5 River Research Institute, West Bengal .............................................................................. 24 2.2.6 Karnataka Engineering Research Station (KERS) Karnataka ........................................ 25 2.2.7 CMIS under ADB Aided Project ........................................................................................ 25

2.3 Summary- Inventory of Coastal Data ............................................................... 26

3.0 Uniform format for data collection to be followed by each agency ........... 28

3.1 Manual data collection and related formats ..................................................... 28 3.1.1 CW&PRS Format ................................................................................................................. 28 3.1.2 KERS Format ........................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.3 CEFS Format ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.4 IHH Format .......................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.5 Littoral Environment Observation .................................................................................... 28 3.1.6 CWC Formats for Riverine Data ........................................................................................ 29

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3.2 Automated Data collection and formats ........................................................... 29

4.0 Plan for data collection and requirement, including instrumentation for

entire coastline of the country addressing the priority areas ............................... 30

4.1 Coastal Management Information System (CMIS) – CWC ............................. 30

4.2 National Coastal Mission (NCM) ...................................................................... 31

4.3 Step by Step planning of coastal data collection.............................................. 32

4.4 Requirement of equipments for coastal data collection .................................. 34

5.0 Utility of coastal data for planning of coastal protection and shoreline

management initiatives .......................................................................................... 35

5.1 Utility of Coastal Data ....................................................................................... 35

5.2 Shoreline Management Planning (SMP) .......................................................... 37

6.0 Future strategy/ Guidelines for coastal data collection, compilation and

publication in the prescribed format ..................................................................... 38

6.1 Background/ Prescribed Formats ...................................................................... 38 6.1.1 Wave Atlas by NIOT, Chennai .......................................................................................... 39 6.1.2 Wave Atlas by NIO, Goa .................................................................................................... 40 6.1.3 Tide Table by Survey of India ............................................................................................ 40

6.2 Recommendations/ Strategies – in General ...................................................... 41

7.0 List of References .......................................................................................... 43

List of Appendices Appendix I ................................................................................................................................... 44

Summary Record of discussions of the “Meeting of agencies engaged in collection of data relating to coastal processes affecting coastline” organized on 16th December, 2011 at Central Water Commission- HQ, Sewa Bhawan, New Delhi.

Appendix II ................................................................................................................................. 60 Constitution of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

Appendix III ................................................................................................................................ 65 Summary Record of Discussions of first meeting of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication held on 7th October,2013 at New Delhi

Appendix IV ................................................................................................................................ 77 List of Coastal Protection Works Recommended By CW&PRS, Pune

Appendix V ................................................................................................................................. 80 Inventory of Coastal Data with Ministry of Earth Sciences (2014)

Appendix VI ................................................................................................................................ 96 List of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in Coastal districts of India (Apr-2017)

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Appendix VII ............................................................................................................................. 100 Guide lines for Coastal data collection & submission to “National Coastal Data Bank” at CWPRS, Pune

Appendix VIII ........................................................................................................................... 110 Formats for Coastal Data Collection by Coastal Engineering Field Studies, Thrissur (Kerala)

Appendix IX .............................................................................................................................. 114 Specifications of selected equipment for Coastal Data Collection

Appendix X ............................................................................................................................... 125 List of Ports included for publication in INDIAN TIDE TABLE

Table of Figures

Figure 1 : Integrated Coastal Observation Network NIO, Goa............................................ 10

Figure 2 : List of Wave Rider Buoys installed by INCOIS .................................................... 11

Figure 3 : List of Tide Gauge at Ports ...................................................................................... 12

Figure 4 : List of HF Radars ...................................................................................................... 12

Figure 5 : Different Regions having paper charts/ENC by NHO ....................................... 14

Figure 6 : Indian Tide Gauge Network .................................................................................... 17

Figure 7 : Data Collection sites along Tamil Nadu Coast ..................................................... 20

Figure 8 : Grid on wave atlas .................................................................................................... 40

List of Tables

Table 1 : Lead Agencies for coastal data collection .................................................................. 3

Table 2 : Coastline Length Erosion/Accretion as per Shoreline Change Atlas ................... 4

Table 3 : Coastal Area under Erosion/Accretion as per Shoreline Change Atlas ............... 5

Table 4 : Shoreline Change Assessment as per ICMAM-PD (MoES) .................................... 6

Table 5: Shoreline Change Assessment by INCOIS, Hyderabad ........................................... 6

Table 6 : Compilation of coastal data at CW&PRS .................................................................. 8

Table 7 : Real-time data collection by NIO, Goa ...................................................................... 9

Table 8: Studies under CRCP&MP ........................................................................................... 15

Table 9 : Nodal Departments dealing with Coastal Protection in States/UTs .................. 18

Table 10: Details of data collection by CEFS, Kerala ............................................................. 22

Table 11: Coastal data to be collected as accepted by CPDAC ............................................ 32

Table 12: Equipment required for coastal data collection ..................................................... 34

Table 13: Utility of Coastal Data Monitoring .......................................................................... 35

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List Abbreviation A&N Andaman and Nicobar

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

ADP Automatic Data Processing

ALTM Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper

AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer

AP Atmospheric Pressure

AP Andhra Pradesh

AR Acoustic Release

ARG Automatic Rain Gauge

AT Atmospheric Temperature

AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

AWS Automatic Weather Station

BEB Beach Erosion Board

BIS Bureau of Indian Standards

BOD Biological oxygen demand

CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate

CCIS Coastal Climate Information System

CD Compact Disk

CDO Central Design Organization

CDOM Colored Dissolved Organic Matter

CE&BM Chief Engineer and Basin Manager

CEFS Coastal Engineering Field Studies, Kerala

CERC Coastal Engineering Research Centre

CMIS Coastal Management Information System

COMAPS Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System

CP Control Points

CPDAC Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee

CRCPMP Climate resilient coastal protection and management

CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone

CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

CVI Coastal Vulnerability Index

CW&PC Central Water & Power Commission

CW&PRS Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune

CWC Central Water Commission

CZIS Coastal Zone Information System

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DC Direct Current

DMG Data and information Management Group

DO Dissolved Oxygen

DST Department of Science and Technology

DTM Digital Terrain Model

DWR Doppler Weather Radar

DWRIS Development of Water Resource Information System

DXF Drawing Interchange Format

EDM Electronic Distance Meter

ESSO Earth System Science Organization

FM Flood Management

FMP Flood Management Programme

FSI Falmouth Scientific Inc.

GIS Geographic Information System

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GODAS Global Ocean Data Assimilation System

GoI Government of India

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GPS Global Positioning System

GSD Geo Sciences Division

GSI Geological Survey of India

GTS Global Telecommunication System

HF Radar High Frequency Radar

HQ Headquarters

Hs Significant Wave Height

HTL High Tide Line

ICMAM-PD Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management, Project Directorate, Chennai

ICON Integrated Coastal Observation Network

ICZMP Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan

IHH Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Poondi

IITM Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai

IITM Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune

IMD India Meteorological Department

INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, MoES

IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

IODE International Oceanographic Data Exchange

IOTWC Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning Center

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ISGN Indian Seismic and GNSS Network

ISRO Indian Space Research Organization

ITWEC Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre

KERI Kerala Engineering and Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala

KERS Karnataka Engineering Research Station

km kilometers

KoPT Kolkata Port Trust

LAN Local Area Network

LEO Littoral Environmental Observation

LTL Low Tide Line

METOP Meteorological Operational Satellite

MMB Maharashtra Maritime Board

MoD Ministry of Defence

MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

MoES Ministry of Earth Sciences

MOM Modular Ocean Model

MoST Ministry of Science and Technology

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MoWR, RD&GR Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

MSL Mean Sea Level

NCAOR National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research

NCDB National Coastal Data Bank, CWPRS

NCESS National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Kerala

NCM National Coastal Mission

NCSCM National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Chennai

NCZMA National Coastal Zone Management Authority

NDMA National Disaster Management Authority

NHO National Hydrographic Office (NHO), Dehradun (MoD)

NIO National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-MoST)

NIOT National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai (MoES)

NIT National Institute of Technology

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NODC National Oceanographic Data Centre

NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure

OCM Ocean Colour Monitor

ODIS Ocean Data and Information System

OGC Open Geospatial Consortium

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OM Office Memorandum

P&D Planning and Development

PFZ Potential Fishing Zone

PMC Project Monitoring Committee

Ppt Parts per Thousand

PWD Public Works Department

R&D Research and Development

RCM Rotor Current Meter

RH Relative Humidity

RM River Management

RMOS Regional Model Ocean System

RRI River Research Institute, West Bengal

RTK Real Time Kinematic

RTSP Regional Tsunami Service Provider

SAC Space Application Centre, ISRO

SCP&MIP Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Programme

SLM Shoreline Management

SMP Shoreline Management Plan

SoI Survey of India

SSC Suspended Sediment Concentration

SST Sea Surface Temperature

TA Technical Assistance

TN Tamil Nadu

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

URL Uniform Resource Locator

USB Universal Serial Bus

UT Union Territory

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

VECS VSAT aided Emergency Communication System

VPN Virtual Private Network

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WRD Water Resource Department

WRIS Water Resource Information System

XBT Expendable Bathythermograph

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Draft Report of Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) Realizing the need of overall planning and cost effective solution to the coastal

problems, the Govt. of India constituted Beach Erosion Board (BEB) in the year 1966 under the Chairmanship of Chairman, Central Water Commission (CWC, erstwhile CW&PC), initially, to guide and implement the programme of anti-sea erosion works in Kerala only, which was reconstituted in 1971 and further in 1989 extending its jurisdiction to the entire coastline of the country. With the objective of the development in the protected coastal zone and the pressure of population in the densely populated areas in the coastal zone, the BEB was reconstituted and renamed as “Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee” (CPDAC) in April, 1995 with its secretariat in the CWC to identify and develop the various resource potential available behind the protected areas. CPDAC is a high level inter-ministerial body of experts in the field of coastal engineering, which is headed by Member (RM), CWC and the representatives of Coastal States and the related Central Departments as its members.

One of the main functions of CPDAC is “to organise a co-ordinated programme of collection, compilation, evaluation and publication of data relating to various natural phenomena in coastal processes, which affect the coastline, through Coastal Engineering Research Centre and other State organisations”.

1.2 Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

In today’s world of informed decision making, the essentiality of proper coastal data collection and compilation cannot be more over-emphasised. The statement “if you can measure it, you can manage it, monitor it and improve it” sums it up all. The matter has already been emphasised, highlighted and discussed in various CPDAC (erstwhile BEB) meetings. Following salient recommendations could emerge out:-

Setting up of separate coastal division in the states/UTs

States should have Data Bank - nominate Nodal Officer to process/ collect data from other agencies

CWPRS will act as National Coastal Data Centre

CWPRS was requested to evolve a simplified and uniform format for data collection.

Barring few States, above activity could not be adopted by the maritime States/UTs. With advent of data collection by various organizations, the importance of interaction with the concerned organization was also emphasized. In pursuance of decision taken during the 12th CPDAC meeting, a meeting of agencies engaged in collection of data relating to coastal processes affecting coastline was organized on 16/12/2011 at CWC Headquarter, New Delhi. Representatives from CWC, Centre for Earth Sciences Studies (CESS), ICMAM-PD, National Hydrographic Office (NHO), Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH), Poondi and Indian National Centre for Ocean


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Information System (INCOIS) participated in the meeting. Minutes of meeting of said meeting is enclosed as Appendix I.

During the deliberations of the 13th CPDAC meeting held at Mangalore in February 2012, the following observations were discussed and accepted by the committee:

a. There is a lack of coastal field data required for formulation of anti-sea erosion schemes/projects, in coordinated manner with proper justification. This also affects the appraisal process of the submitted schemes/projects by CWC and other concerned agencies.

b. The coastal related data are being collected by different agencies as per their mandate and requirement and hence coordinated approach is lacking. Common platform, such as, CPDAC can play a major role in integrating the data which can be utilized for various purposes including design of economical and long-term solution to coastal erosion problem.

Further, CPDAC accepted the proposal to constitute a Sub-committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection and Compilation.

CWC vide OM dated 15/01/2013 (Appendix II) constituted the Sub-committee of

CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication to prepare a Report

containing the following:

1. Status of the coastal data being collected at national and state level by various agencies and its inventory

2. Uniform format for data collection to be followed by each agency, 3. Plan for data collection and requirement, including instrumentation for entire coastline

of the country addressing the priority areas, 4. Utility of such data for planning of coastal protection and shoreline management

initiatives, 5. Future strategy/Guidelines for coastal data collection, compilation and publication in the

prescribed format.

1.3 First Meeting of the Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

The first meeting of the Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication was held in October 2013 at CWC, New Delhi. The sub-committee discussed various parameters viz., wave, current, tide, riverine data, wind, coastal sediment, beach profile, bathymetry and shoreline change. During the meeting, frequency, location, timeframe etc. for data collection in respect of above parameters were discussed. The Summary Records of the Discussions of the above meeting is given at Appendix III


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2.0 Status of the coastal data being collected at national and state level by various agencies and its inventory

The availability of reliable coastal data is crucial from the following aspects: Economical Design of Coastal Protection Measures Calibration and Validation of Numerical/ Physical Models Performance Evaluation of Coastal Protection Measures

In coastal environment, waves, tides, currents and winds are the important

parameters, which need to be considered for any planning and developments. The effect of these environmental parameters varies over space and time. The knowledge of these parameters is essential in design and planning of harbor work, shore protection, maintenance of waterways and disposal of dredged spoil, etc.

Realizing the importance of collection and compilation of coastal data towards a

holistic approach to coastal protection and development, various departments of the central as well as state governments, central agencies, expert research institutes, etc. have been engaged in this activity, as per their mandate and activity-wise requirement. However, most of these data collection activities have been more of isolated nature, performed in a closed/limited and activity-specific manner.

The Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal data collection, compilation and

Publication has identified several data-specific Lead Agencies during the first meeting of the Sub-Committee. The agreed list of Lead Agencies is as under.

Table 1 : Lead Agencies for coastal data collection

Data Lead Agency

Oceanographic Data NIO, Goa (in association with INCOIS, NIOT etc.)

Tidal Data Survey of India (in association with INCOIS, NIOT)

Meteorological Data (Wind) IMD

Beach Profiling Respective State Agencies

Coastal Sediment GSI

Bathymetry NHO, Port Organization

Shoreline Change SAC, Ahmedabad

Riverine Data CWC

Design/Modelling of Coastal Protection

CW&PRS in association with NIOT, ICMAM-PD, CESS etc.

Details of some of the data collection initiatives by various institutes under different

Coastal Data Collection programmes are given below:


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2.1 National Level Initiatives

2.1.1 Shoreline Change Assessments 2.1.1.1. Shoreline Change Atlas of Indian Coast by SAC and CWC

At the behest of CPDAC, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, New Delhi, a project entitled, “Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast”, was initiated by Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, in collaboration with Central Water Commission. The major objective of this activity was to prepare a digital shoreline change atlas in GIS environment on 1:25, 000 scale using satellite data (1989-91 and 2004-06). The highest High Tide Line was used as shoreline and in quantifying the erosion, accretion because it is easily detectable on satellite image due to tonal discontinuity. The Status of shoreline protection measures have also been depicted in the Atlas as per the information provided by the maritime State/UT agencies through Central Water Commission. The maps show eroding, stable and accreting coast for the maritime States/UTs. The publication of the Shoreline Change Atlas of Indian Coast was accepted by the CPDAC in its 14th Meeting (February, 2014) and was published in the Brain-Storming Workshop on "Implementation of Coastal Management Information System" held at CWC, New Delhi in May, 2015.

The Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast shows that around 45.5% of the total

Indian coastline is under erosion, around 35.7% of coastline is under accretion and rest (18.79%) is under stable category. It also shows that the Indian Coast has lost a net area of about 73 sq. km during 1989-91 and 2004-06 timeframe. This Atlas can be accessed from https://vedas.sac.gov.in/vedas/node/61

The salient findings of the Shoreline Change Atlas have been summarized in Tables

below: Table 2 : Coastline Length Erosion/Accretion as per Shoreline Change Atlas

State Erosion

Length* (km) Accretion

Length* (km) Stable

Length* Total Length*

(km)

Gujarat, Daman & Diu 486.43 297.99 697.71 1482.13

Maharashtra 449.5 244.47 48.29 742.26

Goa 27.03 46.98 81.38 155.39

Karnataka 106.12 118.65 73.31 298.08

Kerala 218 294 73.6 585.6

Tamil Nadu & Puducherry

281.56 514.11 29.25 824.92

Andhra Pradesh 443.88 186.94 340.45 971.27

https://vedas.sac.gov.in/vedas/node/61


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Odisha 199 205 32.1 436.1

West Bengal 115.06 19.46 147.68 282.2

Lakshadweep Islands 72.03 63.24 1.01 136.28

Andaman Islands 740.37 944.84 36.83 1722.04

Nicobar Islands 690.1 68.3 19.23 777.63

Total 3829.1 3004 1580.8 8413.9

% 45.51% 35.70% 18.79%

*Length does not include river mouth, creeks etc.

Table 3 : Coastal Area under Erosion/Accretion as per Shoreline Change Atlas

State/UT* Area Under

Accretion (Sq. km)

Area Under Erosion

(Sq. km)

Net gain/loss (Sq. km)

Gujarat, Daman & Diu * 43.45 27.28 16.17

Maharashtra 5.08 7.83 -2.75

Goa 1.53 0.771 0.759

Karnataka 6.26 5.16 1.1

Kerala 9.54 5.31 4.23

Tamil Nadu & Puducherry *

42.64 17.19 25.45

Andhra Pradesh 25.14 46.89 -21.75

Odisha 13.3 13.8 -0.5

West Bengal 1.52 11.63 -10.11

Lakshadweep Islands* 0.83 1.7 -0.87

Andaman Islands* 27.09 17.93 9.16

Nicobar Islands* 0.77 94.72 -93.95

Total 177.15 250.211 -73.061

From the above, it may be noted that the highest percentage of the shoreline under

erosion is in Nicobar Islands (88.7%), while percentage of accreting coastline is the highest for Tamil Nadu (62.3%). The state of Goa has the highest percentage of stable shoreline (52.4%). During the 14th CPDAC Meeting, it was also envisaged that the Shoreline Change Atlas of Indian Coast will be updated at regular intervals of five years and for undertaking the first updating based upon data of 2012-13. SAC has informed that the atlas is being updated on time frame of 2016-17 and is expected to be completed in this financial year.


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2.1.1.2. Shoreline Change Assessment by ICMAM-PD, Chennai

Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM), Project Directorate,

Chennai is implementing a project on Shoreline Change Mapping along Indian Coast. Under this project, Shoreline Changes are mapped in 1:25000 scales using remote sensing data of 1990, 2000, 2006, 2008 and 2012 with yearly updates till 2016. The analysis of last 25 years data suggests that about 38.5%, 32.5% and 29% of the coasts are eroding, accreting and stable nature respectively. The overall shoreline changes of Indian coastal states are as per below table:

Table 4 : Shoreline Change Assessment as per ICMAM-PD (MoES)

S. N.

State Coastal Length

Erosion Stable Accretion

(Km) % Km % Km % Km

1 Tamil Nadu 972 43 434 31 302 26 237

2 Puducherry 41.3 70 29 22 9 8 3

3 Andhra 978 32 320 18 180 50 478

4 Odisha 474 32 147 11 52 57 275

5 West Bengal* 422 67 283 10 41 23 98

6 Kerala 542 36 191 28 153 36 198

7 Karnataka 282 29 79 29 131 42 72

8 Goa 58 42 24 22 13 36 21

9 Maharashtra 734 53 187 21 458 26 89

10 Gujarat** 1404 41 579 27 379 32 447

Total 5908 38.5 2273 29 1718 32.5 1918

* Including Islands, ** Including Daman & Diu

2.1.1.3. Shoreline Change Assessment by INCOIS, Hyderabad

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has assessed shoreline change using the satellite data acquired during 1972-2000 in order to calculate the shoreline change rate. Shoreline change rate is one of the input parameters to calculate the coastal vulnerability index along the Indian coast. This work was carried out during the period 2007-2009 at INCOIS using the satellite data acquired during 1972-2000, State wise shoreline change rate calculated at 1:100000 scales are given below.

Table 5: Shoreline Change Assessment by INCOIS, Hyderabad

State Length (km)*

Erosion No change Accretion Total

Gujarat 933 650 573 2156


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Maharashtra 309 518 114 941

Goa 43 131 19 193

Karnataka 67 229 39 334

Kerala 205 322 93 621

Tamil Nadu 286 489 159 934

Andhra Pradesh 185 473 430 1087

Orissa 153 220 125 498

West Bengal 863 750 314 1927

Lakshadweep 30 98 24 152

Andaman 366 1573 511 2449

Nicobar 286 200 317 803

*Length of coastline including the creeks, bays, deltas and estuary

2.1.1.4. Shoreline Change Assessment by NCSCM, Chennai

National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Chennai has prepared Shoreline Change Maps for a period of 38 years from 1972-2010 for the coast of the country using satellite imageries on 1:50,000 scale wherein erosion, accretion and stable reaches have been shown. Shoreline change evaluations are based on comparing four to five historical shorelines viz. 1972 (Survey of India toposheet), satellite imageries of 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2010. In addition to above, preparation of shoreline change maps using aerial photography/satellite imageries on 1:10000 scale has been also taken up for the entire coast of the country.

2.1.2 Coastal Management Information System (CMIS)

Considering the importance of collection of data on coastal processes relevant for evolving long term plans and coastal protection measures, a new component in the 12th Five Year Plan (Period 2012-17) for the establishment of Coastal Management Information System (CMIS) was approved by the GoI under the Plan Scheme of MoWR, RD & GR namely “Development of Water Resource information System (DWRIS)”. For the implementation of CMIS, suitable vulnerable coastal sites have been selected for the collection of coastal data parameters. CMIS is being implemented by IIT Madras, Chennai in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry after signing of a Tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) among CWC, IIT Madras, Chennai and the respective State/UT Govt. Matter is also being pursued with other agencies including National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa for implementation of CMIS in other maritime States/UTs. Data collected under this programme would be hosted on India-WRIS website.


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2.1.3 Data Compilation/collection by CW&PRS (Pune)

Based on the decision taken in the 1st CPDAC meeting, a National Coastal Data Bank (NCDB) was established at CW&PRS, Pune and data in respect of various erosion sites were collected, digitized and stored in the same. Additionally, CW&PRS is also engaged in providing consultancy services to various projects in coastal sector e.g. Ports, etc. CW&PRS has reported that short period data were received from following states:

Table 6 : Compilation of coastal data at CW&PRS

S. N. State Received from Period Data For Contents

1 Kerala KERI, Peechi in June, 2007 2001-2005 Kerala Coast

Beach Width

2 Tamil Nadu IHH, Poondi in March, 2008 2004-2006

Tamil Nadu Coast

Beach Width (Monthly)

3 Gujarat

CDO, Gandhinagar in July, 2008 Site Specific

Sites of Nargol, Tithal, Survada, Magod Dugri

Tide, Current, Wave Height, Bed Slope and beach profile etc.

4 Karnataka KERS, Bangalore in August, 2007 2005-06

Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada & Udupi

Monitoring of Coastal Protection after monsoon in 2005-2006

5 Maharashtra MMB Site Specific More than 50 sites

Beach profiles, tide, wave etc.

6 Goa PWD Site Specific More than 10 sites

Beach profiles, tide, wave etc.

Further, CWPRS informed about receiving few data sets from various maritime

States/UTs for the design of the coastal protection works at specific sites. CWPRS had suggested coastal protection works based on these beach profile data and the available


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information on the other coastal parameters. The state wise list of these suggested sites for coastal protection works is given in Appendix IV.

2.1.4 NIO Goa (CSIR, MoST) NIO, Goa has established an Integrated Coastal Observation Network (ICON); an in-

house designed and developed Internet-accessible real/near-real time reporting cellular based sea-level, sea-state, and surface meteorological (Met) station at several locations on the Indian coasts and Islands.

Table 7 : Real-time data collection by NIO, Goa

Location Weather Stations Sea Level Gauges Wave Rider Buoys

West Coast

Ratnagiri, Maharashtra Ratnagiri , Maharashtra Ratnagiri , Maharashtra

Dona Paula, Goa Dona Paula Radar Gauge, Goa

Okha, Gujarat

Karwar, Karnataka Karwar Radar Gauge, Karnataka

Karwar, Karnataka

Trivandrum, Kerala

East Coast

Gopalpur, Odisha Gangavaram Radar Gauge, Andhra Pradesh

Gopalpur, Odisha

Paradip, Odisha Kakinada Radar Gauge, Andhra Pradesh

Vizag, Andhra Pradesh

Vizag, Andhra Pradesh Machilipatnam Radar Gauge, Andhra Pradesh

Pondicherry, UT of Pondicherry

Gangavaram, Andhra Pradesh

Tuticorin Radar Gauge, Tamil Nadu

Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh

Pondicherry, UT of Pondicherry

Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Islands Kavaratti, UT of Lakshadweep

Kavaratti Radar Gauge, UT of Lakshadweep

Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar

Port Blair Radar Gauge, Andaman & Nicobar

http://inet.nio.org/Ratnagiri_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Ratnagiri_WG

http://inet.nio.org/DonaPaula_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/DonaPaula_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/DonaPaula_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Okha_WG

http://inet.nio.org/Karwar_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Karwar_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Karwar_WG

http://inet.nio.org/Trivandrum_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Gopalpur_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Vizag_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Vizag_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Gopalpur_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Paradip_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Kakinada_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Kakinada_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Vizag_WG

http://inet.nio.org/VizagRC_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Machilipatnam_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Machilipatnam_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Pondicherry_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Vizag_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Tuticorin_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Tuticorin_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Kakinada_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Pondicherry_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Tuticorin_AWS

http://inet.nio.org/Kavaratti_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/Kavaratti_SLG

http://inet.nio.org/PortBlair_SLG


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Figure 1 : Integrated Coastal Observation Network NIO, Goa

However, currently most of these stations are not reporting the data. NIO, Goa has

provided the details of data collection done by the Institute in past which can be referred in

Annexure-II of Appendix-I.

2.1.5 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)- ESSO

MoES has provided details regarding the coastal data information collected by the ESSO-MoES as on July, 2014. The details of the coastal data collected by the organizations under ESSO-MoES are given in Appendix V. In addition to above, a web based Storm Surge Information System has been created by INCOIS (http://www.incois.gov.in/geoportal/StormSurge/index.html). As per this system, list and location of Wave Rider Buoys, Tide Gauges and HF Radars are depicted in following figures.

http://www.incois.gov.in/geoportal/StormSurge/index.html


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Figure 2 : List of Wave Rider Buoys installed by INCOIS


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Figure 3 : List of Tide Gauge at Ports

Figure 4 : List of HF Radars


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Details of various institutes under MoES and involved in coastal data collection process are given below:

A-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)

INCOIS has been identified by MoES as the central repository of oceanographic data in the country. Details of activity carried out by Institute is given in para 1 of Annexure-VI of Appendix-I. B-Integrated Coastal & Marine Area Management, Project Directorate (ICMAM-PD)

ICMAM-PD, an attached office of MoES, has collected numerous data on coastal processes viz., waves, tides, currents, bathymetry, shoreline position, beach profiles, and sediment size as a part of shoreline management plan during the X and XI five year plan periods and the data, thus collected, are submitted to the data repository of INCOIS, Hyderabad. The ICMAM-PD operates from NIOT Chennai which has a well-developed research base in ocean technology including imagery interpretations of shoreline changes.

C-National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai

NIOT is as an autonomous society under MoES .Details of activity carried out by Institute is given in para 2 of Annexure-VI of Appendix-I. NIOT, in 2014, published a Wave Atlas for the Indian coast which will help design marine structure and serve as a major resource point to protect beaches and coastal environment in the country. The atlas is a reference for basic wave related information like wave height, wave approach and period.

D-India Meteorological Department (IMD)

IMD is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. It is the custodian of data related to rainfall, Wind, Tropical Cyclone and visually observed wave data from Ships. The total number of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) installed in the country is 706 (Apr, 2017). Some of them even have rain gauge for measuring rainfall known as automatic rain gauge (ARG). The list and location of AWS in the coastal districts of the country is given in Appendix VI. Data collected by IMD can be accessed from http://imdpune.gov.in under Supply of Climate Data.

2.1.6 Ministry of Defence:

The Naval Hydrographic Department (under the Chief Naval Hydrographer to GoI), Dehradun under Indian Navy undertakes surveys in the coastal/inland waters and in the deep seas for navigational safety, coastal zone management, environmental protection and scientific oceanic investigations. It undertakes surveys and research for development of natural resources/ projects of economic importance. The Naval Hydrographic Department is responsible for production of the Hydrographic Charts used for safe navigation by Indian Navy, Coast Guard, mariners and other agencies. The data collected for this purpose broadly includes bathymetric data, tidal/oceanographic data (for duration of survey) and details of conspicuous objects as well as coastline data. The charts published are mainly

http://imdpune.gov.in/


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based on the data collected by Naval Hydrographic Ships, through the inputs from various ports authorities regarding port limits, promulgated areas as well as channels/dredged limits. The data is stored for the sole purpose of Hydrographic chart production in the proprietary format (as given by International Hydrographic Office).

NHO has prepared online catalogue of paper charts and Electronics navigational charts.

This catalogue can be accessed from http://hydrobharat.gov.in/catalogue/charts.php.

Figure 5 : Different Regions having paper charts/ENC by NHO

2.1.7 Geological Survey of India (GSI)

GSI, established in 1851, is an attached office to the Ministry of Mines and is primarily responsible for conducting geological surveys and studies. The main functions of GSI relate to creation and updation of national geo-scientific information and mineral resource assessment, including marine resources. These objectives are achieved through ground surveys, air-borne and marine surveys, mineral prospecting and investigations, etc. The Marine Wing of GSI has marine geoscientists, well equipped ocean-going research vessel and coastal launches which are capable of conducting seabed survey. It has surveyed about 1,05,000 sq. km of territorial waters of India. The Marine Data Centre at Kolkata is a well-equipped laboratory which acts as the central data bank on ocean related geological parameters.

http://hydrobharat.gov.in/catalogue/charts.php


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2.1.8 River Data collection by CWC CWC has established network for Hydrometerological data collection. Details of

these sites in the maritime States/UTs can be accessed from India- Water Resources Information System (WRIS) http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/HydroObservationStationApp.html

2.1.9 Climate Resilient Coastal Protection and Management Project (CRCP&MP) A Technical Assistance (TA) programme has been signed by the Government of

India for TA 8652-IND: Climate Resilient Coastal Protection and Management Project (CRCP&MP) to support mainstreaming of climate change consideration into coastal protection and management at the national level and in the two focal states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD&GR) is the Executing Agency of the TA. Central Water Commission (CWC) under MoWR, RD&GR is the focal point under the Executing Agency. Under this Project, following three studies have been undertaken:-

Table 8: Studies under CRCP&MP

Specialist Institute Study Performed

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),

Bombay

Analysis of the downscaled Climate

Change Parameters for Wind, Air

Temperature and Rainfall from the

CORDEX-South Asia* Domain.

National Institute of Oceanography

(NIO), Goa

Sea level rise trends and Waves projections

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi Storm Surge Projections

(* - Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune is one of the partner institutes in above initiative)

It is also proposed to host the data and analysis of the climate change affected parameters in

the coastal areas, on web-based Water Resources Information System (INDIA-WRIS) of the

Ministry. The Coastal Climate Information System (CCIS) layer has been created in INDIA-

WRIS for this purpose.

2.1.10 Survey of India (SoI)

Survey of India is a premier organization engaged in tidal data collection since 1877, when

GoI entrusted this gigantic task of systematic tidal observations along the Indian coastline

and Islands to Survey of India. For this purpose a vast network of tidal observations has

been established at selected locations. Data thus collected is being utilized for determination

http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/HydroObservationStationApp.html

http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/HydroObservationStationApp.html


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of Mean Sea Level, providing advanced tidal prediction for safe sea navigation and studies

related to assessment of local behaviour of sea (Chart datum, Mean Sea Level, Lowest low &

highest high tide etc.) which are required for harbour development activities along the

coast. This data is also utilized by various scientific organizations for their research related

to, Long Term Climate studies, Flood forecasting and monitoring, Storm surge warning,

Study of Tsunami effects, Prediction of upwelling and fishing operations, Study of

horizontal and vertical crustal movements with the aid of GPS and Gravimeter for

determining the secular sea level changes, Study of Precise Inter-Island drift and Altimeter

calibration and assimilation of sea level data numerical models and bathymetry survey etc.

Survey of India has been a major stakeholder in tidal data collection, interpretation,

analysis and predictions and has contributed data to national and international agencies

over long period of more than 140 years since it continued these operations.

Survey of India has a mandate to collect tidal data along Indian coast and Islands

through its dedicated tidal network of more than 30 tidal observatories. Most of these tidal

observatories are located in the port premises and data is used for safe sea navigation,

dredging and harbour development by them also. INCOIS has also established tide gauges

at some locations (in association with Survey of India). NIOT has also established tide

gauges at some of the locations.

Data Holdings: Survey of India has collected large quality controlled tide gauge data

recorded at the permanent tidal observatories during the past 140 years. Extracted tidal data

is available in the form of Hourly heights and High/Low water times and Heights.

Quality Control: Most of the tidal data available is collected through float type self -

registering tide gauge either analogue or digital. Tidal data is also connected with the

national leveling framework and is quality controlled prior to its use. Other agencies do not

have such quality control procedures in place for their tidal data.

Uses of Data and Dissemination: Survey of India uses this data for determining Mean Sea

Level (MSL), computing tidal constituents, which in turn is used for obtaining advance tidal

predictions. Data is also utilized for computation of various Non-Harmonic tide levels,

which are used for Harbour development. Till recently, tidal data was used to be provided

in real time to various organizations like National Early Tsunami Warning Centre, INCOIS,

Hyderabad for monitoring of Tsunami and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai for

safety of their vital installations.

As a part of international commitment, tidal data in the form of Monthly Mean Sea Level

and Annual Mean Sea Level is also provided to Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level

(PSMSL), U.K.


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Figure 6 : Indian Tide Gauge Network

MoEF&CC has initiated a project titled “India Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Project” with the financial assistance from the World Bank. Under this project Survey of

India was entrusted coastal hazard line mapping all along the Indian coastline.

Long term historical tidal data from 21 Primary ports and short tidal data from 163

secondary ports has been used in determining the tide level with 100 year return period.

This is termed as coastal flood line. Using historical maps and satellite imageries, coastal


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erosion line was also determined for the same period. Finally, using both data, coastal

hazard line was computed. This line has been shown in the coastal maps and will be

delineated on the ground by erecting suitable pillars. It will facilitate

Administrators/Engineers/Planners for sustainable development of the region along the

Indian coastline.

2.2 State/ Institute Specific Initiatives

The coastal protection works are executed through State Govt./ UT agencies. The Nodal department to deal with such matter varies from the State to State. List of State/UT agencies dealing with the coastal protection works is as under:

Table 9 : Nodal Departments dealing with Coastal Protection in States/UTs

Institutes under above organization and other related organization undertake data

collection programme as per their requirement. Some of these activities are summarized as under.

S.N. Maritime State/UT Nodal Department dealing with Coastal Protection

1 Gujarat Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department

2 Daman and Diu Public Works Department, Omnibus Industrial Development Corporation of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Ltd. (OIDC)

3 Maharashtra Maharashtra Maritime Board and Public Works Department

4 Goa Water Resources Department

5 Karnataka Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department

6 Kerala Water Resources Department

7 Tamil Nadu Water Resources Organization under PWD

8 Puducherry Public Works Department

9 Andhra Pradesh Irrigation & Command Area Development

10 Odisha Water Resources Department

11 West Bengal Irrigation & Waterways Department

12 A&N Islands Public Works Department

13 Lakshadweep Public Works Department


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2.2.1 Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH), Poondi (Tamil Nadu) IHH, Poondi is a premier research organization under the administrative control of

the Water Resources Organization of PWD, Tamil Nadu. It has facilities for conducting model studies on coastal problems, data collection etc. Field investigations and data collection on coastal changes and erosion in selected sites are done by IHH since 1978 onwards. The shoreline in Tamil Nadu undergoes significant changes, which at times affect by the way of loss of land and properties. Total 39 sited were identified for observation of coastal behaviour of which 32 sites are situated on the East Coast and balance 7 sites on the West Coast. For collection of data, a base line for observation of the shoreline changes has been fixed parallel to the shoreline in such a way the reference pillars which are to be erected on the baseline are not disturbed due to the changes in the shoreline for a long period. The manual observations on Coastline changes are conducted twice i.e. on Full Moon day and New Moon (No moon) day and monthly and annual reports are recorded in IHH, Poondi and the same are sent to the CW&PRS for records. So far, IHH Poondi has published 4 version of the Annual Report on Shoreline Changes, namely for the years 2009, 2012, 2013 & 2016. The phenomena and changes in the coastline termed as oscillation of the coastline is consolidated for the above given years.


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Figure 7 : Data Collection sites along Tamil Nadu Coast


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2.2.2 Odisha-ICZMP- (MoEF&CC)

Under World Bank aided Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project (ICZMP) in Odisha, coastal data has been collected. Inventory of the same is summarized below:

A. Coastal Energy:

Wave - Wave measurement data continuously for 12 months at two locations (Paradeep and Balasore), wave transportation, and sediment transport.

Wind - Wind data measured for 12 months at two locations (Paradeep and Balasore).

Tide data for 5 locations (Gopalpur, Jetty, Chilika Lake near Sipakuda village, Paradeep, Dhamra, Budhabalanga River) for the period of 12 months.

Current - Data on current measurement at 10 locations (near shore and offshore stations of Gopalpur, Chilika, Paradeep, Dhamra and Balasore) continuously for 12 months.

B. Coastal Sediments:

Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) – Suspended sediment concentration from (i) 8 nos of rivers (surface and mid-depth) at 1 km interval up to 5 ppt

salinity (dry season) for four seasons (ii) Sea at two locations (surf zone and 250 m distance at 10 km interval for

two seasons (Monsoon and Fair weather)

Bed Sediments - Grain size parameters of bed sediments samples of (i) 8 nos of rivers (2 seasons), (ii) seabed at five locations covering between LTL and 5 km offshore at 10 km

interval for two seasons (Monsoon and Fair weather).

River Discharge Measurements – Flow and Discharge measurements of six rivers (Subarnarekha, Budhabalanga, Dhamra, Mahanadi, Devi and Rushikulya) for three seasons, i.e. Monsoon (September, 2012 to November, 2012), Post-monsoon (December, 2012 to February, 2013) and Fair weather (March, 2013 to May, 2013).

C. Coastal Morphology:

River & Sea Bathymetry — Bathymetry in right rivers up to 5 ppt salinity and in the sea spacing with 250m water depth or 15 km offshore, whichever is closer to shore.

Bench mark - Permanent Bench Marks at 46 locations at 10 km interval.

Thematic Mapping — Mapping stretching from LTL to (+) 5 km MSL or 15 Km inland whichever is closer to the sea for the period 2012-2013 on Land use, Wet land, Geomorphology for pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon season, Shoreline change maps (1972,1990,2000,2012) and mapping of erosion/accretion.

Terrain Survey - At 250m interval for two seasons (Monsoon and Fair weather).


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LEO- Daily LEO observations at Gopalpur, Puri and Paradeep, and LEO at beach profile stations (10 km interval) for four seasons.

2.2.3 Coastal Engineering Field Studies Division (CEFS), Kerala

CEFS was formed in 1973 and is engaged in the collection of data and field studies on Coastal Erosion along the Kerala Coast. For the detailed study of the characteristics and behaviour of the beach, the Kerala coast is divided into three regions viz. Southern region, Central region and Northern region. The extent of natural protection of beach, the position of protective dunes, the details of lagoons, inlets are observed. Assessment of variation in tides and winds, movements of waves, littoral drift, etc. are made. Also the general study of the important structures in the coast, natural bed slope and depth of water as far as possible up to the depth of closure of sea are also carried out. Thus the programme of study can be summarized as investigation of present conditions of sea coast by means of surveys and observations coupled with investigation of past history of coast from the available maps and records. The details of data being collected are summarised in following table:

Table 10: Details of data collection by CEFS, Kerala

S.N. Details of data collecting Period

1. History of shore (by taking periodical measurements of shore line changes with respect to control points)

Since 1976

2. Shore depth changes by taking cross section of shore/ beaches and Hydrographic survey (upto 5m depth) using Sled/ leveling instruments

Since1977

3. Volumetric accretion and erosion - direction, amount and character of littoral drift

Since1980

4. Type of protection works installed and their effectiveness Since1976

5. Details of Simultaneous Observations made at 18 points on all new moon days I. Wave direction II. Littoral velocity III. Wave height IV Wave period V. Wind direction VI. Tides VII. Bed slope

Since1975

6. Effects of Mud bank - a phenomenon peculiar to the coast of Kerala are those in shore regions where wave energy is dissipated completely as a result of the colloidal mud suspension. Mud bank protects the coast immediately near it, but causes erosion in the down-drift side due to diffraction of waves

Study conducted in 1985, 1991 and 1992

7. Studies on river inlets and outlets – migratory river influences beach characteristics

Since1980

8. Studies on artificial nourishment/ beach samples - Pre-monsoon (May) and post-monsoon (November) beach samples are collected from specified places and tested grain size distribution and specific gravity since the erosion and accretion of the Coast depend up on the nature of beach material to a certain extend. Also for natural nourishment, materials can be supplemented to the beach and thereby the erosion can be reduced.

Since1982


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CEFS had informed that existing activities were mainly on manual data collection with conventional methodologies like metal float for getting littoral drift, visual assessment for tidal height, tape measurement for distance etc. The important coastal data collected by CEFS are simultaneous wave observations, measurement of shoreline changes, topographic survey and cross section profile of the beach etc. for collection of data, Control Point stones, Alignment stones, kilo meter stones and Bench Mark stones are established along the Kerala sea coast. CEFS has also submitted the format used for the periodical measurement of the shoreline changes as well as the format for Simultaneous observations data collection.

2.2.4 Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) Since the time of establishment of Kolkata Port, apart from collection of tidal data,

bathymetric surveys are carried out on a regular basis in the shipping channels leading to the port to know the depths available for the shipping purpose as well as in the entire river/estuary (Bank to Bank). From the year 1962 onwards, KoPT have been collecting other riverine/ estuarine data (e.g., Current, suspended sediment concentration in the river, type of river bed material etc.) excluding wave data for the purpose of understanding the mechanism of estuarine sedimentary processes as well as to formulate/ undertake river regulatory measures including River Training/ bank protection works.

A- River/ Estuarine Bathymetry/ Shore Line survey: The bathymetric survey of entire Hugli—Bhagirathi river system (around 500 Km) is carried out by KoPT, out of which a stretch of around 70 Km in the Hugli estuary from Diamond Harbour to Sagar Island comes within Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) area. The bathymetric surveys in the CRZ area are done once/ twice in a year in the scale of 1: 25000/1:37500. As and when erosion of banks/shore line is observed through Satellite imageries, bathymetric surveys and physical site inspection, shore line survey of the eroded areas is carried out in the scale of 1: 1000 or so, which is in line with the format circulated by CWPRS in June 2005. KoPT has recently introduced computerised hydrographic survey system for the purpose of R&D activity only. B- Tidal data: Continuous (365 days a year) tidal data at 6 standard locations on the Hugli River is collected by Survey of India with active collaboration with KoPT, out of which 4 locations are located within CRZ areas. The above tidal data are recorded by means of self-registering tide gauges kept in continuous operations at each of the stations excepting at 2 stations (one within CRZ areas), where visual observations are carried out. Simultaneous tidal observations are also carried out once/twice in a year. KoPT has not yet adopted automated tide recorders with wireless retrieval / transmission system. Survey of India has established tidal data acquisition system and connected these to the

national levelling framework. Survey of India has commissioned automated tide recorders

with wireless retrieval/transmission system at few of above stations.


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C-Water Current velocity data: At 3/4 pre-determined cross-sections in the Hugli estuary (within CRZ areas), current observations are carried out at 3/5 positions per Cross section once/ twice in a year under normal circumstances by using electro-magnetic current meters. Apart from the above, hydro acoustic current meters (ADCP) are also used to measure water current velocity at multiple points in the entire CRZ areas for any specific studies done through Mathematical modelling. D-Grain size data: Soil samples from bed surface at pre-determined locations within CRZ areas are collected once / twice in a year for Grain Size analysis. E- Wave data: No wave data is collected by KoPT.

2.2.5 River Research Institute, West Bengal RRI started a full-fledged investigation on the Digha beach erosion from 1952

onwards. From 1963 to 1972, all parameters were observed, given as follows:

i) Survey data of the exposed portion of the beach and comparison of the L.W.L with the L.W.L of 1931,

ii) Wave data (wave height, period and direction) using an automatic wave recorder for collecting 6 to 7 sets of wave data of 10 minutes duration.

iii) Wind speed and direction were recorded by anemometer and weather cock. Wind-Rose diagrams were prepared showing speed, direction, frequency of occurrence

iv) Hydro-meteorological parameters such as water height (gauge), temperature (max. & min.), rain fall, air pressure, sunshine intensity, evaporation and relative humidity.

v) Chemical characteristics of water in the vicinity of Digha coast - salinity, chloride,

total hardness (as CaCO3), sulphate (as SO4) in ppm and pH. A physical hydraulic model was constructed at the Haringhata Central Laboratory,

Mohanpur, Nadia considering horizontal and vertical scale 1:300 and 1:50 respectively. A stretch of nearly 7 km of beach was considered in the model study. The model was run with prototype observed parameters, that is, tides, waves and water level data. In that model waves of different height, period and direction were reproduced by a wave generator system and tides were reproduced with the help of radial gate and time scale. However, the result was not found satisfactory because erosion and accretion for a particular place could not be reproduced in the model in comparison with the actual changes occurring at different seasons within a particular year. Subsequently the model study was suspended. Only data collection on the meteorological parameters and some of the ocean hydraulic parameters like gauge height etc. were continued.

A study was conducted by RRI in 1993 -94 over littoral drift in the vicinity of Digha

beach which identified qualitative zones of convergence and divergence of wave energy. Study of subsoil investigation from Orissa border to Junput was carried out by this Institute in 1963, 1995 and 2009.


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RRI has decided that observation on different parameters related to the beach profile

and shoreline would be done with the aid of modem instruments to develop a database for future course of action regarding a sustainable beach and shoreline protection. As a part of this endeavour, a beach profile survey have been conducted in post monsoon period, October 2008, 2009 and pre-monsoon 2012. In addition to that, automatic weather station was installed at Digha Meteorological Observation Site which works for hydro-meteorological parameter observation such as rain fall, wind speed and direction, sun shine intensity, humidity, maxima — minima temperature, etc. There are also manual instruments for recording above hydro-meteorological parameters. Moreover, sea water level has also been observed continuously with the help of 4 nos. of gauges along cross-section in GTS system regularly. In view of the above study, this could be said that the present beach condition from Orissa border to Mandermoney (nearly 26 km) is very dynamic as the volume of the sediment movement is very high and net deposition is negative.

2.2.6 Karnataka Engineering Research Station (KERS) Karnataka KERS has a Coastal Engineering Division with three sub divisions located at K. R.

Sagara, Mangalore and Bhatkal. The sub divisions at Mangalore and Bhatkal were mandated for collection and compilation of post monsoon monitoring data of all existing sea Walls in Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada Districts covering the entire 300km length of coastal Karnataka. Efforts are made to monitor and collect data over a period of time and be consolidated. The data collected comprises of beach profile, beach slope, beach width, visual and physical observations of existing Sea walls etc.

2.2.7 CMIS under ADB Aided Project

Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Programme was initiated in the State of Maharashtra and Karnataka in year 2011 with the ADB Loan. Apart from taking up projects for coastal protection, various other measures were undertaken which includes developing Coastal Management Information System. CMIS has been developed and hosted on website in both the States. These can be accessed through following URLs.

https://mahammb.maharashtra.gov.in/1155/Geographic-Information-System-Portal

http://scpmipk.org/coastal-management-information-system-cmis/



http://scpmipk.org/coastal-management-information-system-cmis/


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2.3 Summary- Inventory of Coastal Data

Agency Wave Current Tide Riverine Data

Wind Coastal Sediment

Beach Profile

Bathymetry Shoreline Change

Remark

MoES For selected locations/time frame

SAC

NCSCM For Odisha (2012-13)

CWC For selected rivers/time frame

IMD For selected locations/time frame

SoI For selected locations/time frame

GSI For selected locations/time frame

NIO For selected locations/time frame

CWPRS Data obtained from States


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Agency Wave Current Tide Riverine Data

Wind Coastal Sediment

Beach Profile

Bathymetry Shoreline Change

Remark

NHO For selected locations/time frame

CEFS, Kerala

Manual Observations

KERS, Karnataka

In State of Karnataka

IHH, Tamil Nadu

In State of Tamil Nadu

KoPT For Hugli River

RRI, WB For Digha Beach

CDO,Gujarat Provided to CWPRS

PWD, Goa Provided to CWPRS

MMB, Maharashtra

Provided to CWPRS


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3.0 Uniform format for data collection to be followed by each agency

In past various data collection formats were evolved for the coastal data collection. Some of them are described as under. These formats were suited to Manual data collection.

3.1 Manual data collection and related formats

3.1.1 CW&PRS Format

CWPRS was envisaged to be established as a National Coastal Data Bank by CPDAC and towards this aim; CWPRS had prepared and submitted the field data collection formats for coastal erosion sites to the various agencies/ maritime states/ UTs. The Formats and Guidelines as suggested by CWPRS Pune are given at Appendix VII. These are related to Shoreline Surveys, information regarding existing protective structures, observation for tide levels, observations for currents, observation for wave, grain size analysis of beach material. Most of the formats were for manual data collections though some of the formats were applicable for instrument based measurement as well. However, these formats and guidelines were not widely adopted by the various concerned agencies/states/UTs.

3.1.2 KERS Format

Karnataka Engineering Research Station (KERS) is monitoring the performance of existing coastal protection work in the State of Karnataka. As per the format adopted by them, information with respect to Seawall viz. its location, length, year of completion, number of monsoon faced, design, and Beach slope, etc. compiled.

3.1.3 CEFS Format

Coastal Engineering Field Studies, Thrissur (Kerala) has developed extensive format for collection of data related to coastal protection and associated coastal processes and features. The format is given in Appendix VIII.

3.1.4 IHH Format

The format adopted by IHH, Poondi is having some similarity with the format of CEFS. The format of IHH is given in Annexure-IV of Appendix-I.

3.1.5 Littoral Environment Observation

The Littoral Environment Observation (LEO) Program was instituted in 1968 to provide low-cost data on waves, currents, and sand movements along beaches in United States. The LEO data are not as accurate as measured data, but the program can provide data in areas where instrumentation cannot be placed or where funds are not available. Data


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collected from the program has been beneficial for design and monitoring of numerous projects. Coastal Engineering Research Centre (CERC) has developed standard formats for collection of data on breakers, surf zone, longshore currents, rip current, etc. which can be followed.

3.1.6 CWC Formats for Riverine Data

CWC has published a Handbook for Hydrometeorological Observations which

contains various formats for collection of Riverine Data such as Guage, Discharge, Sediment

Load and water quality. The Handbook can be accessed from following URL:

http://www.cwc.gov.in/main/downloads/FINAL_HM_HANDBOOK_JAN_2017.pdf

3.2 Automated Data collection and formats

With the advent of sophisticated instruments for the various data collections, the format for the data collection would not require standardization as these instruments collects almost all aspects related to observed parameters. However, some of the information like Type of Wave breaking, etc. can be obtained manually only, hence, Manual observation cannot be ruled out completely and should complement the automated data collection programme.

http://www.cwc.gov.in/main/downloads/FINAL_HM_HANDBOOK_JAN_2017.pdf


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4.0 Plan for data collection and requirement, including instrumentation for entire coastline of the country addressing the priority areas

The sector lacks any holistic or comprehensive approach towards data collection

both at national and state/regional levels. The multiple agencies involved in the collection and processing of coastal data are mostly region-specific or project-centered. The above fact has been widely acknowledged by this Sub-Committee and this happens to be one of the motivating factors for the evolution of this platform. However, currently various initiatives are being undertaken to address some of the issues outlined above.

4.1 Coastal Management Information System (CMIS) – CWC

One of the noteworthy steps towards the objective of a planned approach towards data collection is the implementation of CMI S by CWC. For proper Coastal Protection, understanding of various coastal processes and cause of erosion need to be identified first. Vast set of data on sediment transport, wave, tides, bathymetry, geological data, satellite imageries, etc. is required to analyze the problem. Hence, need for a comprehensive CMIS is keenly felt. It should have all the consolidated coastal data on national level, including updated shoreline, effects of climate change, already protected areas, vulnerable areas, geological/geomorphological characteristics of shoreline, etc.

Considering the importance of collection of data on coastal processes relevant for

evolving plans towards coastal protection measures, a new component in the XII Plan (2012-17) period for creation of CMIS has been approved by Govt. of India under the Plan Scheme “Development of Water Resources Information System (DWRIS)”, which is to be implemented by CWC.

Objectives of CMIS:-

To create an integrated data bank to tackle coastal erosion in a scientific manner keeping in view the long-term perspective and

Collection of data on coastal processes relevant for evolving long term plans and coastal protection measures.

In this regard, it is proposed to set up sites along the coast of the maritime

states/UTs of India for collecting data of relevance in this regard. The prime objective of CMIS is to collect near shore parameters which will be used in the design, construction and maintenance of site specific coastal protection structures. Integration of relevant data into India-WRIS (Water Resources Information System) portal is also included under this activity.

The preferred implementation model for CMIS was decided to be through signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) by CWC with the concerned expert agencies and respective maritime States/UTs, wherein, CWC would be the ‘Project Implementer’, the expert agency as the ‘Project Executor’ and the concerned State/ UT Government would be the ‘Project Facilitator’.


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Consequently in 2016, the IIT Madras, Chennai has been assigned the responsibility

of execution of CMIS in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu & UT of Puducherry through tri-partite MoU. Similarly, it is likely that National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa and others will come up for implementation of CMIS in the state of Goa and other states/UTs.

4.2 National Coastal Mission (NCM)

The NCM has been proposed to be initiated by the GoI to ensure that the coastal areas are managed to respond to the threats of climate change. With a high concentration of population in coastal zones, the NCM identifies sustainable coastal development as a top priority. The key focus areas include livelihood security of coastal communities in the face of climate change and conservation of coastal ecosystems to protect against climate induced hazards, erosion and sea level rise. The mission would demonstrate that integrated coastal management and biodiversity conservation can play key roles in reducing the human and natural vulnerabilities to the multiple threats of climate change. The mission would provide for effective planning of utilisation of resources present along the coast and the islands, and mitigate the impacts (e.g. flooding and extreme weather events) that are likely to be exacerbated due to climate change.

The objectives of the proposed NCM are as follows: 1. Scientifically map the cumulative vulnerability of coastal environment to climate

change and consequent threats to ecology, lives and livelihoods. 2. Develop vulnerability-based environment & adaptive management plans for key

sectors by (i) Mainstreaming climate sensitivity and readiness into all coastal

developmental projects and (ii) Promoting development taking into account the threats due to natural

hazards in the coastal areas and SLR 3. Build resilience of coastal communities (e.g. fishers, agriculture, etc.), infrastructure

and settlements in urban and rural areas 4. Conserve and protect coastal stretches, its unique environment and its marine area

by enhancing mitigation (e.g. Blue carbon) 5. Build institutional capacity both sector-wise and for community.

This is yet another initiative towards a holistic approach towards the coastal environment. It integrated the various aspects like the incorporation of the outcomes of the data analysis (to develop a deeper understanding of the problem), selection of newer better evolved solution towards coastal protection measures (by learning from the performance of the existing approach and structures), involving the community and other stakeholders (for an holistic and grass root level initiative by imbibing a stake holder mentality). Such a multi-dimensional approach towards solution is the need of the hour.


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4.3 Step by Step planning of coastal data collection

The following approach may be considered by the planning state/UT/agency, for evolution of a planned approach towards coastal data collection:

a. Identification of sediment cell/sub-cell: Different coastal systems show different characteristics in terms of movement of sediment, geo-morphology, geology and coastal hydrodynamics. The primary natural boundaries for shoreline protection and erosion management are the sediment cell. The boundaries of the sediment cells generally coincide with large estuaries or prominent headlands and artificial breakwaters. Delineation of sediments cell carried out by NCSCM, Chennai can also be refereed in this regard.

b. Identification of the vulnerable coastal zones/sites: This helps focusing on and prioritizing the sites which need an immediate attention/intervention. A study of the erosion history of the site may also be quite useful in understanding the problem. Various Shoreline Change Assessments carried out can be utilized for identification of vulnerable sites.

c. Identification of the relevant coastal data parameters to be collected: At particular sites/cell, data may be available in respect of some of the parameters. Such assessment for availability of existing data needs to be carried out. Various Lead agencies for particular type of data may be contacted in this regard. The parameters to be observed and their frequency, duration etc. was recommended in the 1st Meeting of Sub-Committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication and same was accepted by Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) in its 14th Meeting. This can be used for planning of data collection programme and can be further refined based on availability of existing data/other long term programme of other institutes and actual site condition.

Table 11: Coastal data to be collected as accepted by CPDAC

S.N. Data-type Location Span Parameter Frequency

1 Wave Offshore Wave Data (at 20-30m water depths) & Near-shore wave data (at 5-12 m water depth)

2-3 years

Wave Height, Time period, Direction &

Wave Length

Hourly Data

2 Current Same as above Same as above

Velocity Same as above or at

15-30 minutes

3 Tide n/a 5 years or more

Water Level Hourly Data


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4 Riverine Data

As per CWC Standards

Gauge, Discharge, Sediment,

Salinity

As per CWC

Standards

5 Wind As per IMD Standards

As per IMD

Standards

Wind Speed & Direction

As per IMD

Standards

6 Coastal Sediment

Project Specific (Max. up to 20m depth)

Project Specific

Bed Load & Suspended

load

At each 2-3 m depth intervals

7 Beach Profile

Eroding Stretches Along three lines (HTL, LTL and midway)

Project Specific (min 5 years)

Twice Pre-monsoon &

Post- monsoon

8 Bathymetry

Project Specific Project Specific

Project Specific

9 Shoreline Change

Needs to be updated at every 5

years

d. Identification of collaborative institute in State/National level Institutes: Various

IIT/NIT/University and other central govt. institutes can be collaborated for implementation of the data collection plan, in case the concerned department of the State/UT does not possess the expertise and experience in the sector.

e. A detailed programme for instrumentation and data collection should be evolved. A plan for Training of the involved personnel for data collection and the subsequent Running & Maintenance of the site should also be evolved.

f. Creation of a Coastal Data Center for the processing as well as sharing of the collected data shall also be envisaged.

g. Provision for Insurance of equipments : This needs to be included as there are chances of loss/damage to instruments due to various reasons in coastal/marine environment.

h. Proper plan for the running and maintenance of the data collection activities and the Data Center. Following aspects may also need to considered in any data collection programme:

Availability of Power source

Security provision

Agencies suitable for Hiring of Boats

Suitable locations for the boat launching

Availability of suitable structures for mounting the instruments

Availability of SOI Benchmark


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4.4 Requirement of equipments for coastal data collection

For the implementation of activity such as data collection, relevant for understanding coastal processes, in general, following set of equipments are required which can be refined as per site condition.

Table 12: Equipment required for coastal data collection

S. No. Equipment Required

1 ADCP with software for data analysis

2 Current Meter

3 Tide gauge with software for data analysis

4 Weather station

5 Sieve Shaker/Sediment trap/Sampler

6 CTD

7 Directional wave recorder

8 Echo sounder with data logger and GPS

9 Total station with build-in GPS

10 RTK Beach Profiler

11 Life Saving Equipment

12 Sled for near-shore profile

13 Networking Server +Computer + Printer & Plotter set

14 Motor Driven acoustic release (AR) Command Units

15 Camp Equipment

16 Mobile station

17 Software Package

The specifications of the instrumentation, as finalized by the Project Monitoring

Committee (PMC) for CMIS are given in Appendix IX.


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5.0 Utility of coastal data for planning of coastal protection and shoreline management initiatives

Understanding of the various coastal processes and the identification of the causes of

the erosion need to be done on priority, as a pre-requisite for evolving a proper strategy for coastal protection. The wisdom gained from the analysis of the collected coastal data can be used for the better understanding of the causes of the problem. This promotes planning of better and feasible solution to tackle the specific coastal problem.

5.1 Utility of Coastal Data

There can be various usages of the monitoring of coastal data parameter. Some of them are summarized as under. (The utility associated with coastal protection is highlighted in bold)

Table 13: Utility of Coastal Data Monitoring

S.N. Coastal Process Parameter

Utility

1 Wave 1.1 Designing the size of Armour Units in coastal protection

1.2 Evaluation of Longshore Sediment Transport

1.3 To assess Wave power potential

1.4 Disaster Management during cyclones etc.

1.5 Tourism and surfing activity

1.6 Planning Port activities and navigational safety

1.7 Development and Validation of Numerical models

2 Current 2.1 Deciding aligning of berth, dock entrance, mooring etc. in Ports

2.2 Hazardous material cleanup operations

2.3 Search-and-rescue for missing personnel

2.4 Recreational swimming boating, and safety (rip currents)

2.5 Study of transport of sediment, nutrient, and chemicals

2.6 Maximizing chances of catching fish

2.7 Development and Validation of Numerical models

2.8 Evaluation of Longshore Sediment Transport

3 Tide 3.1 Navigational/ harbour activities (Ship sailing/ movement)

3.2 Local behaviour of sea (Chart datum, Mean Sea Level, Lowest low & highest high tide etc.) are required for major construction activities along the coast, e.g. Harbour development, coastal protection activities etc.


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3.3 Long Term Climate studies

3.4 Flood forecasting and monitoring

3.5 Storm surge warning

3.6 Study of Tsunami effects

3.7 Prediction of upwelling and fishing operations

3.8 Study of horizontal and vertical crustal movements with the aid of GPS and Gravimeter for determining the secular sea level changes

3.9 Study of Precise Inter-island drift

3.10 Altimeter calibration and assimilation of sea level data numerical models

4 Riverine Data 4.1 Sediment input to coastal system

4.2 Planning and Design of river training works

4.3 Study of tidal prism

5 Wind 5.1 To assess wind power potential

5.2 Aeolian Transport of beach material

5.3 Input to numerical models of waves, storm surges and circulation.

6 Coastal Sediment 6.1 Design of filter layer for coastal structures

6.2 Planning of Beach Nourishment

6.3 Presence of Heavy minerals

7 Beach Profile 7.1 To assess rate and quantity of erosion/ accretion of beach

7.2 Planning of Beach Nourishment

7.3 Beach slope etc. is used in determining longshore sediment transport

8 Bathymetry 8.1 Navigational Safety

8.2 Development of Ports and harbours

8.3 Estimation of cross-shore sediment transport

8.4 Study of habitat for benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms

8.5 To understand beach erosion, sea-level rise, and subsidence

8.6 Input to numerical models

9 Shoreline Change 9.1 Assessing requirement of protection

9.2 Requirement of resettlement of population

9.3 Implementation of regulatory framework

9.4 Understanding of shoreline evolution

9.5 Evaluation of efficacy of Protection measures

Any coastal observation programme is costly affair. Above parameter-wise utility

description shows that there can be option for collaborative funding by multiple agencies dealing with different matters. This will reduce duplicity of efforts, better utilization of the observed data and make observation programme cost effective.


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5.2 Shoreline Management Planning (SMP)

The preparation of the SMP sets out the strategy for the protection of the coastal communities and the resources for a specified length of the coast. The strategy takes into account the natural coastal processes, human influences, land use and environmental aspects. The SMP provides a large-scale assessment of the risks associated with shoreline evolution, sea level rise, coastal flooding and erosion against the backdrop of other challenges like pollution, economic development, tourism load etc. SMP deals with the viability of future coastal protection infrastructures for the most vulnerable and desirable location using appropriate technologies. The plan envisages incorporation of climate change projections, extreme sea level rise, storm surge, wind and wave set up in the design of the coastal structures. Hence, it can be understood that coastal data collection programmes can provide valuable input in the preparation of Shoreline Management Plans. Sediment cell may be adopted as a basic unit for which SMP will be developed.


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6.0 Future strategy/ Guidelines for coastal data collection, compilation and publication in the prescribed format

6.1 Background/ Prescribed Formats

In the first meeting of the sub-committee, the committee focussed on the following data pertaining to coastal processes:

a) Wave b) Current c) Tide d) Riverine Data e) Wind f) Coastal Sediment g) Beach Profile h) Bathymetry i) Shoreline Change

The Committee discussed and finalized the broad framework and guiding principles

with respect to their collection, frequency, location, etc. Summary Records of Discussion of

the first meeting is given in Appendix III. Also, the coastal data parameters, its frequency of

measurement, etc. have been summarized in Table 11: Coastal data to be collected as

accepted by CPDAC. For format of data collection, para 3.0 of this Report may be referred

to.

In addition to above, in the first meeting of the sub-committee, format for compilation for selected parameters viz. Wave, Current and Tides were decided. For other parameters following formats are suggested.

Format for Riverine Data Compilation

For collection of various riverine data viz. Gauge (G), Discharge (D), Sediment (S) and Quality (Q), the prescribed formats and procedures of CWC may be used. The compilation is being done in the form of various Water Year Books or Hydrological Data Book which may be adopted for this purpose. One such book can be accessed from http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/IHD2015_final.pdf

Format for Wind Data Compilation

For collection of Wind data, the prescribed formats and procedures of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) may be used. The compilation may be done in following format.

Location Latitude/ Longitude Wind Speed Wind Direction

http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/IHD2015_final.pdf


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Format for Coastal Sediment Data Compilation

Location Latitude/ Longitude

Depth Bed Load Suspended Load

D85 D50 D15 D85 D50 D15

Format for Sediment Load Compilation

River (Site) Year Monsoon Non-Monsoon Annual

Format for Beach Profile Data Compilation

Station (Latitude/

Longitude)

Range of width of

Beach (m)

Stable beach from reference

point/Bench Mark (m)

Max Vertical Variation

(m)

Yearly Volume Changes in m3 per m of length

of coastline *

* + Value represents Accretion and - value represents Erosion

Following publications with respect to parameters such as Wave, Tide exists currently. Besides, for shoreline change assessments Para 2.1.1 may be referred to.

6.1.1 Wave Atlas by NIOT, Chennai

It is to be noted that, a Wave Atlas for the Indian coast has been published by the ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai during 2014. The atlas is a reference for basic wave related information, viz. design wave height, wave approach, period, etc. in the public domain, hitherto not readily available. It presents the statistics derived from past information using simulated wave data. The simulation domain covers major portion of the Indian Ocean including the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The wind field and resulting wave field over 15 years of duration have been analysed to produce yearly and long-term statistics for engineering use. The long-term estimate like probable maximum wave height at a user selected location in as much as 50 and 100 years in future are presented in the atlas for planning purpose. The simulation exercise will continue and more data will be


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assimilated with time to update the atlas on routine basis. The activities like design of marine structures, beach protection, and environmental protection require information on wave parameters. This information will help in site selection for industrial and other development purposes. Being an unrestricted open access database, this will benefit entrepreneurs, researchers, students and practicing engineers in coastal projects as the first source of scientifically produced marine information.

6.1.2 Wave Atlas by NIO, Goa The National Institute of Oceanography (1990) published a wave atlas for Arabian

Sea and Bay of Bengal compiling the ship observed data for 19 years from 1968 to 1986. The coastal region around India is divided into 10 grids, each of size 50 latitude and 50 longitudes as shown in Fig. below. The grids 1 to 4 falls in the Bay of Bengal on the east coast, grids 5 to 7 fall in Indian Ocean in the south and grids 8 to 10 all in the Arabian Sea on the west coast.

Figure 8 : Grid on wave atlas

6.1.3 Tide Table by Survey of India

Survey of India releases two annual publications namely, Indian Tide Tables and

Hugli River Tide Tables. Indian Tide Tables contains prediction of 76 world-wide ports, the

responsibility of tidal predictions of 44 ports (30 Indian and 14 foreign ports located from

Suez to Singapore) rests with Survey of India. Predictions of rest 32 ports are received on

exchange basis from various foreign agencies. Details of these ports are shown in Appendix

X.


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Hugli River Tide Tables contain prediction of 6 ports situated on Hugli River. Apart

from above, prediction of large number of secondary ports can also be obtained from Survey

of India. Availability of desired locations can be confirmed from the Director, Geodetic &

Research Branch of the Survey of India, Dehradun.

6.2 Recommendations/ Strategies – in General

1. Importance of Coastal Data Collection, compilation and sharing must be widely understood and acknowledged. This needs to be done both at national and state/UT level. The evolution of a Data Sharing Policy should be envisaged to enable effective data sharing among the various organs of the central govt and the state/UT govt. This will help improve coordination among the agencies and will also prevent duplication of efforts.

2. A coastal specific unit/cell (Coastal Division) in the concerned WRD/PWD of all maritime states/UTs may be established to maintain coastal data banks. States/UTs shall prepare an Annual Data Collection Work Plan also.

3. The State/UT should also host a webpage for the coastal specific unit/cell, and host information on data collection programme, data collected, sites protected and vulnerable sites, protection plans, etc.

4. State-specific CMIS-type of activity may be taken up by states/UTs as done by Maharashtra and Karnataka. A Coastal Data Bank at the state/UT level may also be established.

5. Data collection and compilation in the uniform prescribed formats, to promote usability and apprehensibility of the data by various other agencies as well, need to be addressed.

6. Hydrographic Survey charts for the coastal region extending to continental shelf (up to 200 m water depth) and scale of 1:50000 (or 1:25000) are required for general planning. For detailed Planning, scale 1:5000 or higher scale needs to be used.

7. Estuarine observations need to be planned for nearest barrage or dam to the extent possible. However practical limitations need to be considered in this regard.

8. In case of non-availability of Benchmark of SoI, other Benchmarks available with Ports/PWD/Revenue Department etc. should be used and simultaneously steps should be taken to get the information from SoI.

9. Arrangement and infrastructure available with the local agencies (ports, coastal power plants, coastal police stations etc.) should be utilized for installing instruments for coastal observations

10. While numerical modelling of the coastal processes has evolved greatly over the years, these are still limited, particularly in predicting major coastal events. At several places such as Australia, considerable variation has been reported between the Instrument recorded Wave data and earlier widely adopted wave data based on the observations and hindcasting. In addition to above, Climate Change is likely to affect the coastal areas in multiple ways. Hence to account for these, instrument based coastal monitoring is increasingly important and needs to be further


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strengthened in accordance with global standards. The current density of data collection network needs to be increased.

11. Sediment cell may be adopted as a basic unit for planning of data collection and preparation of Shoreline Management Plans. SMP needs to be based on the inputs received from data collection programme.

12. Deployment of instruments should be based on the sediment cell along the coast. 13. Deployed Instruments needs frequent calibrations and maintenance. For instance a

Wave Rider Buoy can be re-calibrated in 12 Months. Proper maintenance protocol for Instruments needs to be evolved so that data capture rate is high.

14. Coastal Monitoring programmes should not be hampered by lack of adequately skilled departmental staff. Provision of hiring the services of other agencies should be explored in such cases, however strict Quality Control measures needs to be put in place for consistency and reliability of collected data.

15. Wherever applicable, the position be recorded as Latitude, Longitude (DD° MM’ SS.SS” N, DDD° MM’ SS.SS “ E) referred to WGS 84 datum in all formats of data.


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7.0 List of References

1. Proceedings of Beach Erosion Board Meetings, November, 1996

2. Proceeding/Minutes of CPDAC meetings and presentations made during meeting

3. Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast, Vol-I to Vol-VI, Space Application Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad and Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi ( 2014)

4. Various PIB Releases and Reply furnished to Parliament Questions

5. Draft Mission Document for the National Coastal Mission (NCM), MoEF&CC

6. Inception Report, CRCPMP

7. MoU for implementation of CMIS (CWC)

8. NIO, Goa website: (http://inet.nio.org)

9. MoEF&CC Website: (http://envfor.nic.in/)

10. NCESS, Kerala Website(http://www.ncess.gov.in/)

11. Geological Survey of India website: (https://www.gsi.gov.in/)

12. CWPRS, Pune website: (http://cwprs.gov.in/)

*******

http://inet.nio.org/

http://envfor.nic.in/

http://www.ncess.gov.in/

https://www.gsi.gov.in/

http://cwprs.gov.in/


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Appendix I

Summary Record of discussions of the “Meeting of agencies engaged in collection of data relating to coastal processes affecting coastline” organized on 16th December, 2011 at Central Water Commission- HQ, Sewa Bhawan, New Delhi.

In pursuance of decision taken in 12th Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) meeting held at Bhubaneswar ( during 3-4th March,2011), a meeting of agencies engaged in collection of data relating to coastal processes affecting coastline was held on 16.12.2011at CWC, HQ, Room No.212(S),Sewa Bhawan,R.K.Puram, New Delhi. List of participants is at Annexure-I. Representatives from Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Central Water & Power Research Station (CW&PRS), Pune, Space Application Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, & Prof. V. Sunder, IIT, Chennai, Non-official Member (CPDAC) could not attend the meeting. However input was provided by NIO, Goa and Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad prior to meeting and the same is enclosed as Annexure- II and III respectively.

1. At the outset, Sh. Rajesh Kumar, Chief Engineer (P&D), CWC welcomed all the participants. He introduced Sh. K.N. Keshri, Chief Engineer (FM), CWC and informed that he is now looking the CPDAC works. Afterwards he asked all the participants to introduce themselves.

2. Initiating the discussions, Sh. Rajesh Kumar, Chief Engineer (P&D), CWC informed that CWC ,as an apex organization in water resources, is engaged in various activities including hydrological observations i.e. Gauge, discharge and other parameters as water quality, sediment and meteorological parameters at 878 sites covering all major river basins. The leading role of CWC in the field of hydrological observations is well recognized. He informed that World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has guidelines on hydrological network as to what should be the optimum network depending on various factors such as topography etc. Apart from this there are BIS codes on hydrological observations. He remarked that such standardizations are not available in respect of data collection in coastal areas and there are data gaps. The anti-sea erosion schemes are formulated based on meagre data. The approach to data collection is in piecemeal and the integrated approach is lacking. Various agencies engaged in the coastal data collection are having their own mandate and which may be overlapping.

3. Giving the background of CPDAC, Sh. Rajesh Kumar, Chief Engineer (P&D), CWC stated that for the purpose of overall identification and development of protected areas in coastal zone, Government of India has mandated Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) under Chairman-ship of Member (RM), CWC in Apr, 1995. He emphasized that in respect of Coastal Data, CPDAC has been mandated “to organize a co-ordinated programme of collection, compilation, evaluation and publication of data relating to various natural phenomena in coastal processes, which affect the coastline”.


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4. In respect of the background for the present meeting, he stated that in the 12th CPDAC meeting Chairman, CPDAC emphasized the importance of interaction amongst the concerned organization like CW&PRS, Pune, Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management Project Directorate (ICMAM-PD), Chennai, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services ( INCOIS) etc. in connection with data collection and sharing and stated that a separate meeting with concerned agencies could be organized on this issue before the next meeting of CPDAC.

5. He further elaborated that a scheme namely ‘Development of Water Resources Information System’ (DWRIS) is under operationalization. It is proposed that a component namely Coastal Management Information System (CMIS) should be integrated into the already existing Water Resource Information System (WRIS) to create an integrated data bank to tackle coastal erosion in a scientific manner keeping in view the long term perspective and challenges of climate change. Incidentally this activity will be complementary in nature for Planning/prioritization, Design, Appraisal/monitoring of Anti-sea erosion schemes.

6. Sh. K. N. Keshri, Chief Engineer (Flood Management), CWC stated that based on decision taken in 1st CPDAC meeting , a National Coastal Data Bank (NCDB) was established at CW&PRS, Pune and the institute has developed the format and guidelines for collection and submission of coastal data. Format and guidelines were circulated to participants during the meeting and subsequently through e-mail for their feedback on the same. Dr. R. Venkatesan, Scientist G & Programme Director, Ocean Observation Systems, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai has observed that this methodology was evolved in 2004/05. Hence method of observation and recording are required to be revised. Visual observation is not correct method. Coastal observations data should be useful for modelling. Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management Group (DMG), INCOIS, Hyderabad has remarked that the methodology of data collection should be standardized as per the internationally adopted standards. The instruments/equipment required for the data collection should be of state of the art.

7. Subsequently the participants were requested to highlight the role of their agencies in the field of coastal data collection & methodology adopted so that there is no duplicity in as far as data collection in future is concerned.

8. Shri D. Khaleel Ahamed, Dy. Director, Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH), Poondi, Chennai informed about the present practice of data collection in state of Tamil Nadu. He further elaborated that total 39 sited have been identified for observation of coastal behaviour of which 32 sites are situated on the East Coast and balance 7 sites on the West Coast. The length of each site varies from 500 m to 7 km and total length covered under all the sites is about 90 km throughout the state. The manual observations on Coastline changes are conducted twice i.e. on Full Moon day and New Moon (No moon) day and monthly and annual reports are recorded in


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IHH, Poondi and the same are sent to the CW&PRS for records. The format of data collection is enclosed as Annexure-IV. It was also informed that selection of new sites and deletion of sites is under progress.

9. Giving the status of activity being carried out at National Hydrographic Office

(NHO), Commodore K.M. Nair, Principal Director of Hydrography, informed that the Bathymetric Surveys done by NHO are mainly for Deep Ocean which are useful for navigational purposes.

10. Dr N. P. Kurien, Director, Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS),

Thiruvananthapuram stated that institute has collected near-shore wave, current, beach data under different study programmes in Kerala. Numerical model studies on coastal processes are being undertaken with the above data in addition to various studies on coastal processes, coastal erosion and coastal protection measures. The information provided in precursor to meeting has been enclosed as Annexure-V.

11. Dr. Pravakar Mishra, Scientist E, ICMAM-PD, Chennai informed that in several

cases, the Indian coast is eroding mostly due to natural processes. Port constructions are changing the shoreline on local scale by triggering erosion on the northern and accretion on the southern side of the port along east coast of India. A number of organizations such as Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Earth sciences and Ministry of Water Resources and different research organization (CESS, NIO) and universities through government funding and programs are collecting data related to coastal processes; however a common platform for coastal data sharing is lacking. Ministry of Environment and Forests has established a National Center for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) at Chennai. The centre in collaboration with several institutions and state government agencies has initiated a program "National Assessment of Shoreline Change" and released Shoreline Change Atlas for Odisha, Kerala, Puducherry and Gujrat coast. These maps are based mostly on satellite data and classify the high, medium, low eroding and accreting segments of the coast. Some of the states have already initiated ICZM programs through World Bank funding and they have a plan of collecting coastal information. Other states are in the pipeline for funding from World Bank.

12. Dr.R.Venkatesan, Scientist G & Programme Director, Ocean Observation Systems, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai informed that, INCOIS is the nodal agency for Ocean observations. Ocean observation is very costly and before arriving at any model to use this data we require voluminous data and continuous effort. Moreover, the well-established standards already exist for ocean observation and bathymetry and same are being followed. He emphasized that though coastal erosion may be a site specific problem, over all understanding of the processes is very much required. He suggested that CWC may concentrate on expanding data collection network in estuaries which play a major part in the coastal processes. He also emphasized that the data collection should not be done in piece-


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wise manners as the ocean and coastal data etc. along with other data are very much essential collectively to understand the global processes as climate change etc. These observations are very much important and require strict quality and hence need not be outsourced.

13. Dr. R. Venkatesan, Scientist G & Programme Director, Ocean Observation Systems,

NIOT, Chennai suggested that CWC should first prepare national status report on coastal data available with various sources in the country. Systematic observations being done by IHH, Poondi, Govt. of Tamil Nadu should be equipped with latest equipment and capacity building to collect data. He informed that coastal observation is expensive, challenging and requires dedicated manpower and resources.

14. Dr. Basanta Kumar Jena, Joint Project Director. NIOT, Chennai informed the

participants that a committee has been constituted under chairman-ship of Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) including all concerned institutes from Centre and State for evolving National Data Base Policy. This policy will also form the basis for sharing of data from INCOIS in future and informed that a meeting is going to be organized very soon to finalize the same.

15. Sh. K.N. Keshri, CE(FM), CWC enquired about the institutes which are collecting data on tides, wave etc. Commodore K.M. Nair, Principal Director of Hydrography informed that Survey of India, NHO and INCOIS are engaged in collection of data on Tides.

16. Giving the status on coastal water quality data, Dr. Basanta Kumar Jena, Joint Project Director. NIOT, Chennai informed that under the aegis of Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMPAS) program coastal water quality, biology and microbiology data for 80 selected locations have been collected from 1990 to 2010. Since 2011, the data collection program has been restricted to 20 important sites. This activity is being co-ordinated by ICMAM-PD, Chennai.

17. Sh. Rajesh Kumar, CE(P&D), CWC further requested the participating organizations under MoES i.e. ICMAM-PD, INCOIS and NIOT, their expansion plan in respect of Coastal data collection during 12th Plan. Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management Group (DMG), INCOIS, Hyderabad informed that in 11th Plan more emphasis was given to Open Ocean Observation however, it is proposed to give enough priority to Coastal Ocean Observations during 12th Plan. Dr. Basanta Kumar Jena, Joint Project Director. NIOT, Chennai informed that NIOT in collaboration with ICMAM-PD are having proposals for data collection/study in the coastal areas during 12th Plan period. The detail about the same were given during the presentation sessions which are summarized in Annexure-VI


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18. Commodore K.M. Nair, Principal Director of Hydrography informed that National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) may be having useful information and it may also be contacted to get desired information. Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management Group (DMG), INCOIS informed that 11th National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI-11), is going to be organized during 21-23 December 2011 in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

19. Dr. R. Venkatesan, Scientist G & Programme Director, Ocean Observation Systems, NIOT, Chennai informed that National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is also looking into concerned subjects of Bathymetry, Beach Topography etc. Sh. K.N. Kesri , CE(FM), CWC informed that CWC is associated with NDMA as far as Flood Forecasting is concerned however collaboration with NDMA in coastal processes/issues is not there.

20. Sh. Pravakar Mishra, Scientist E, ICMAM-PD informed the participants that Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Plan being prepared through MoEF may be considered as one of the input. Though Sh. D. Khaleel Ahamed, Deputy Director, IHH, WRO, PWD, Govt. of TN, Poondi stated that ICZM plan does not have the data what we are looking for. Instead ICZM plans are sourced from available data from various state agencies only. Sh. N.P. Kurien, Director (CESS), Kerala told that ICZM Plan is not a systematic data collection programme rather it is a mapping of Coastal Areas.

21. Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management

Group (DMG), INCOIS, Hyderabad gave a presentation on activities of INCOIS in general and associated data collection. Summary of his presentation has been given in Annexure-VI. While discussing the data sharing /security aspect, he informed that Open Ocean data is open to all however, Coastal Data is restricted as per security guideline (1990) of Ministry of Defense, Govt. of India. The guideline has relaxed data sharing norms for some of the parameters over the period. Additionally, as part of National Data Base Policy the negative list has also been prepared/updated. Earlier Tide data was restricted but after the Tsunami it has been relaxed for some sites. Temperature profiles are still restricted due to various security reasons.

22. Dr. B.K. Jena, Joint Project Director , NIOT, Chennai gave a presentation on the

activities being carried out at NIOT and future plan on the Coastal Data collection and related studies. Summary of his presentation has been given in Annexure-VI. He informed that to study the sediment transports, they have selected 10 sites based on case studies like stretch between ports, wide beach etc. using measurements in the surf-zone using latest techniques.

23. Sh. Rajesh Kumar, CE(P&D), CWC enquired about the criterion for selecting the sites . Dr. B.K. Jena, Joint Project Director, NIOT responded that they have selected the sites based upon inputs from communities and various compilations of CWC and


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CW&PRS on the erosion assessment. Sites have been selected to cover various cases such as Port Sector, Long Sandy Beaches, Muddy Coast and coastal inlets etc.

24. Sh. Rajesh Kumar, CE(P&D), CWC enquired about the technical profile of the personnel engaged in the coastal data collection. Dr. B. K. Jena informed that Oceanographer and Hydrographers are required for these works but the man power management in this sector is difficult due to various reasons. Sh. M.S. Dhillon, Director (Coastal Erosion), CWC enquired whether there is any future plan and strategy to cover the entire coastline of the country to conduct such studies. Dr. B.K. Jena responded that selection of future sites for study/data collection is likely to continue in future but at present exact number of sites are yet to be decided. Sh. Rajesh Kumar asked whether any other govt. agencies apart from ports sector have approached them for carrying out such studies in systematic manner. Responding to this Sh. Pravakar Mishra informed that such agencies are approaching private consultants to conduct these works and lot of private agencies are engaged in this type of activities.

25. Dr. Pravakar Mishra also informed that ICMAM Project Directorate an attached

office of Ministry of Earth Sciences has collected numerous data on coastal processes viz., waves, tides, currents, bathymetry, shoreline position, beach profiles, and sediment size as a part of shoreline management plan during the X and XI five year plan periods. The sites that have been extensively studied through field data and mathematical modelling are Ennore and tidal inlet of Vellar estuary (Tamilnadu), Munambam to Kayamkula, 4 locations in Kozhikode, Trissur District (Kerala), Ullal beaches in Manglore (Karnataka), locations in Uttar Kannada (Devbhag, Pavinkurve, Kundapur kodi, Uliargoli Padukere) of Karnatak, Gopalpur (Orissa), Gangavaram (AP) by involving local universities and /or research institutions such as CESS and NIO. The data collected under all these programs are submitted to the data repository of INCOIS, Hyderbad. Dr. Mishra also presented case study for erosion in Odisha which is summarized in Annexure-VI.

26. Sh. Rajesh Kumar, CE(P&D), CWC emphasized the importance of basic data collection in the vulnerable sites. He pointed out that currently this task is being done in adhoc manner and requires to be done in a co-ordinated manner both at State Govt. level or central level. Such data will be very much required for sustainable development of coastal zone especially which is vulnerable.

27. Important points emerging from the meeting are as under.

A. Type of data needs may be identified by all concerned agencies and forwarded to CPDAC secretariat for preparing a consolidated list for consideration by CPDAC.


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B. A National Status Report on coastal data availability would be prepared based on information from various agencies. All concerned agencies will submit data inventory and inputs in respect of data availability to CPDAC secretariat.

C. Agencies engaged in Coastal data collection need to share their future plan for data collection on common platform such as CPDAC so that there is no duplication of the effort.

D. Estuarine data has been neglected in the past. It should also be considered by concerned data collection agency in any future data collection programme.

E. Capacity building programme for training of the personnel engaged in the data collection may be worked out by National Water Academy, Pune in collaboration with CW&PRS utilizing the expertise of the other participating agencies viz ICMAM, NIOT, CW&PRS, NIO etc.

F. It was suggested that institutes such as INCOIS and NIOT may also be included in CPDAC as invitees to provide a common platform for coastal data collection/sharing.

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Annexure-I List of Participants

S.N. Name, Designation and Organization

Central Water Commission

1 Shri Rajesh Kumar, Chief Engineer (P&D), CWC New Delhi

2 Shri K. N. Keshri, Chief Engineer(FM), CWC, New Delhi

3 Shri M.S. Dhillon, Director( Coastal Erosion), CWC, New Delhi

4 Shri S.P. Abraham, Director( Beach Erosion), CWC, Kochi

5 Shri R.N. Singh, Dy. Director, Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi

6 Shri Shiv Sunder Singh, Assistant Director, Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi

7 Shri P. Sukumaran, Assistant Director-II, Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi

Centre For Earth Sciences Studies (CESS)

8 Dr. N.P. Kurien, Director , Centre For Earth Sciences Studies, Kerala

Directorate of Hydrography

9 Commodore K.M. Nair, Principal Director of Hydrography Directorate of Hydrography, New Delhi

Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management, Project Directorate (ICMAM-PD) 10 Dr. Pravakar Mishra, Scientist-E, ICMAM-PD, Chennai

Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH)

11 Sh. D. Khaleel Ahamed, Deputy Director, IHH, WRO, PWD ,Govt. of TN, Poondi

Indian Nation Centre For Ocean Information System (INCOIS )

12 Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management Group (DMG), INCOIS, Hyderabad

National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)

13 Dr. R. Venkatesan, Scientist G & Programme Director, Ocean Observation Systems, NIOT, Chennai

14 Dr. Basanta Kumar Jena, Joint Project Director. NIOT, Chennai


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Annexure-II

Summary of Input provided by NIO, Goa before the meeting in respect of Coastal Data Collection

1. Waves At present INCOIS, Hyderabad in association with NIO, Goa has long-term wave data collection program at following locations.

a) Puducherry b) Gangavaram, Andhra Pradesh c) Ratnagiri, Maharashtra d) Karwar, Karnataka

Also INCOIS in association with CESS, Thiruvanathapuram has wave data collection at Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala and in association with NIOT, Chennai, the wave data is collected at Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Island. In connection with the ICMAM funded project "shoreline management plan for Karnataka", NIO, Goa has collected 3 years wave data at Karwar and Honnavar, Karnataka. 2. Currents In connection with the ICMAM funded project "shoreline management plan for Karnataka", NIO, Goa has collected seasonal data at 4 locations along the Karnataka coast. 3. Beach profile & Shoreline Monitoring In connection with the ICMAM funded project "shoreline management plan for Karnataka", NIO, Goa has collected monthly beach profiles at 3 locations in 4 different beaches (Devbagh, Pavinkurve, Kundapur and Padukare) along Karnataka coast for 3 years period during 2008-2011. 4. Analysis of beach sediments In connection with the ICMAM funded project "shoreline management plan for Karnataka", NIO, Goa has collected beach sediments at 3 locations in 4 different beaches (Devbagh, Pavinkurve, Kundapur and Padukare) along Karnataka coast for 3 years period during 2008-2011 at monthly interval.


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Annexure-III Marine, Geo and Planetary Sciences Group

Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad – 38 0015

Input for Meeting for agencies engaged in collection of data related to coastal processes affecting coastline scheduled on December 16, 2011 at CWC HQ, New Delhi Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) constituted by Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India recommended the need for preparation of a Coastal Atlas showing information related to coastal erosion derived from satellite data and protection measures undertaken by all maritime states of India. Accordingly, at the behest of Coastal Erosion Directorate, Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, New Delhi, a project entitled, “Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast”, has been taken up at Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad. The major objective is to prepare a digital shoreline change atlas in GIS environment on 1:25, 000 scale using satellite data (1989-91 and 2004-06). The detailed objectives are:

i) To quantify and classify the shoreline as shoreline under erosion, stable and accretion for all the maritime states by integrating shoreline using existing database of 1989-91 and 2004-06 period.

ii) To integrate the field collected information on coastal erosion and shoreline protection measures of all the maritime states of India in GIS environment.

iii) To analyse high resolution satellite data of 2009-2010 period for selected

hotspot areas (areas showing large shoreline changes) and understand coastal processes responsible for such changes.

Status: Baseline data generation (coastal landuse/lancover mapping on 1:25, 000 scale using satellite data of 1989-1991 & 2004-06 time frame) is completed for the entire coast of India in GIS environment as part of Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS). Entire Indian coast is covered by ~ 1000 maps on 1:25, 000 scale. Highest High Tide Line is being used as shoreline and in quantifying the erosion, accretion because it is easily detectable on satellite image due to tonal discontinuity. Maps showing shoreline changes for Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamilnadu states (1989-1991 & 2004-2006 time frames) using CZIS data base are completed. Final map composition is in progress. Work for shoreline change maps of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal is in progress. Final deliverable of the project shall be Digital Shoreline change Atlas of India.


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Annexure-IV Format for Shoreline Changes Data collection adopted by Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology (IHH), Poondi, PWD, Govt. of Tamil Nadu

Name of the sea

Latitude & Longitude

State of Sea Rough /Calm/Moderate

Observed Waves

Height, Period, Directions

Observed Tide High/Low Rising /Falling

Wind Directions Calm/Breezy/Windy

Width of beach Backshore plus foreshore

Soil Classification Backshore: Foreshore:

Foreshore Eroding/accreting: Slope of Foreshore:

Backshore Littoral Drift

Water table From MSL

Approximate Orientation

Present condition of the beach Eroding/Accreting/Stable

Sand dune details

Shore protected by vegetation details

Coastal inlets

Approximate period of functioning of Coastal inlets

Construction details on the coastline


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Annexure-V

Data with respect to the coastal zone of Kerala (By Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram)

The Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram has collected nearshore wave, current, beach data under different study programmes. Numerical model studies on coastal processes are being undertaken with the above data in addition to various studies on coastal processes, coastal erosion and coastal protection measures. The major initiatives are given below:

1. Spot observation at Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kozhikode and Thalassery (under institutional programme):

Waves (at 3.5 to 5 m depth): Analogue records using pressure gauge – non directional during 1980-85 (period & height); Wave rider buoy observations (analogue records – period, height & direction) at Vizhinjam, Trivandrum for 8 months

Breakers: Observations from pier - Manual

Surf zone width: Observations from pier - Manual

Longshore currents: Observations using floats – Manual methods

Beach profiles: I km stretch at Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kozhikode and Thalassery on either side of pier – using dumpy level & staff

Sediment characteristics: Size distribution – Observation stations at Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kozhikode and Thalassery

2. Data along Neendakara-Kayamkulam coastal zone during 1999-2001 (under IREL sponsored programme in collaboration with ASR Ltd, New Zealand)

Detailed observations at different locations in the nearshore of waves, currents, beach characteristics & sediments during 1999-2001.

Waves using Dobie wave gauge (period, height), Wave rider buoy (period, height & direction)

Currents in the using, S4 current meter, ADP, FSI current meter

Breaker characteristic: Manual – visual observations

Longshore currents: Floats (manual)

Sediment ( nearshore) characteristics: Sediment traps, Hydrocamel sediment sampler

Sediment (beach): Sediment samples along beach profile

Bathymetry: Nearshore bathymetry including that of surf zone (Echosounder and SLED profiles)

3. Data off Muthalapozhi and Kayamkulam harbor during 2002-03 (under DST sponsored project)

Wave data: Off Kyamkulam harbor at a depth of 8 m seasonally for 3 weeks in each season


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Current data: Off Kyamkulam harbor at a depth of 8 m seasonally for 3 weeks in each season

Beach data (Kayamkulam): 15 km stretch of coast flanking the harbor on monthly basis in the year 2002

Beach data (Muthalapozhi): 10 km stretch of coast flanking the harbor on monthly basis from Jan to May 2003

4. Nearshore wave, current and beach observations during 2002-07 (Under MoES-ICMAM programmes)

Limited nearshore wave and current observations (2 weeks) during 2004-05 off Poonthura, Thiruvananthapuram

Nearshore waves and currents for premonsoon, monsoon & post monsoon seasons for 1 yr at selected locations between Kayamkulam and Munambam using Valeport pressure wave gauges and RCM current meters, ADP.

Shoreline mapping using GPS

Beach profiles at selected locations

Sediment characteristics at profiling stations

Nearshore bathymetry using echosounders

5. Nearshore wave, current and beach observations during 2007-11 (Under MoES-ICMAM programmes)

Nearshore waves and currents for premonsoon, monsoon & post monsoon seasons for 1 yr at selected locations between Veli-Varkala, Munambam-Chettuwa and Beypore-Elathur using Valeport pressure wave gauges and RCM current meters, ADP.

Shoreline mapping using GPS along Veli-Varkala, Munambam-Chettuwa and Beypore-Elathur

Beach profiles at selected locations along Veli-Varkala, Munambam-Chettuwa and Beypore-Elathur

Sediment characteristics at profiling stations along Veli-Varkala, Munambam-Chettuwa and Beypore-Elathur

Nearshore bathymetry using echosounders off Veli-Varkala, Munambam-Chettuwa and Beypore-Elathur

6. Long term wave observations (MoES-INCOIS programme being implemented by CESS along the Kerala coast)

Initiated in October 2011 with a Wave Rider Buoy for Thiruvananthapuram – Kollam coastal waters: Observations at 30 m depth


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Annexure-VI

Summary of Presentations made during the Meeting for agencies engaged in collection of Data relating to Coastal Processes affecting Coastline

1. Summary of Presentation made By Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist-E & Head Data and information Management Group (DMG), INCOIS, Hyderabad

i. The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has been identified by the Ministry of Earth Sciences as the central repository of oceanographic data in the country and also designated as the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) by the International Oceanographic Data Exchange Programme (IODE) of Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC/UNESCO). Further, INCOIS serves as the National Argo Data Centre and Regional Argo Data Centre for the Indian Ocean region.

ii. INCOIS receives the oceanographic & surface meteorological data in real-time

from in-situ ocean observing system (viz. Argo Floats, Moored Buoys, Drifting Buoys, Coastal HF Radars, Automatic Weather Stations, Wave Rider Buoys, Wave Height Meters, Tide Gauges, Bottom Pressure Recorders in real time and XBT, Current meters, ADCP - in delayed mode) and also from the ocean remote sensing data from various satellites (NOAA series, METOP, Terra, Aqua and Oceansat-2). The data center at INCOIS receives the data, process, quality control as per the internationally adopted standards and disseminates to the users as per the data policy. Further, INCOIS developed the Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS), a one-stop-shop for providing oceanographic data services online which facilitates on the fly visualization and downloading in user defined formats. The online web-application developed for Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMAPS) and HF Radar data was also demonstrated. The data holding with INCOIS was also presented in the meeting.

2. Summary of Presentation made by Sh. B.K. Jena, Joint Project Director , NIOT,

Chennai on the activities being carried out at NIOT and future plan on the subject matter

i. He informed that for design of any coastal protection structure etc. data on Wave, Tides, currents, beach profile, sediment transport etc. should be available. While giving the activities being done in NIOT and planned to continue during 12th Plan, he informed that the Storm Surge Models, Tidal Propagation model are being developed. He informed that Tidal Propagation model can be used for giving information on Coastal circulation currents which is very important for understanding the coastal processes and causes of erosion and deposition along the shoreline. Wave Atlas is scheduled to be completed by March, 2012. Sediment Transport along the Indian Coast is also being investigated for


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preparation of countrywide Sediment Transport Atlas. He commented that methodology adopted by IHH, Poondi to do visual observation may be erroneous and cannot be used in any model for the prediction etc. To study the sediment transports, they have selected 10 sites based on case studies like stretch between ports, wide beach etc. to study using measurements in the surf-zone using latest techniques.

ii. He informed that under Tsunami Warning System programme, Ten HF radars have been installed which are located in coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat and A&N Islands. Some of the locations are Gopal Pur, Puri (Orissa), Machhalipattanam, Nagipattanam, Kalpakkam , Cuddalore etc. Data Comes to INCOIS and NIOT both. HF radar have advantage that it is installed behind HTL and maintenance requirements are very less. It collects data on wave and currents and covers area around 200 km2 . He informed that NIOT is also a nodal agency for Kalpsar Project envisaged by Govt. of Gujarat. There are 24 tidal observatory station employed in Gujarat including Pipavav Port (4-5 years continuous data is recorded), Diu, Daman, Nirma, Dahej, Mahi River etc. It was also informed that Tidal Model has been developed for the Gulf of Khambhat region having accuracy of the order of 1 cm. He also informed that pilot shore protection measures are also being taken up and there is plan to deploy low crested river training structures using geo-tubes.

iii. While discussing the parameter measurement in surf-zone, he informed that though it is difficult, it should be done with latest instruments to get the desired accuracy. He informed that they are planning to study the 10 sites in collaboration with ICMAM-PD during the 12th Five Year Plan which could not include the surf-zone measurements in 11th Plan period. He elaborated that NIOT is having sufficient infrastructure in terms of s/w, latest survey instrumentation for carrying out such studies.

iv. He concluded that data in respect of parameters namely Nearshore/surf zone

Bathymetry (upto 30 m water depth), Tide (continuous observation), Current (once in month), Wave (continuous 2-3 years data), Beach Profile, Topography,

Grain Size distribution (from HTL to 10-20 m water depth every month) etc. need to be collected to study the coastal processes properly and approximately 4 sediment traps are required for the one site. Though Dr. N.P. Kurien, Director , Centre For Earth Sciences Studies, Kerala observed that Current data should also be collected continuously, if possible.

3. Summary of Presentation made By Sh. Pravakar Mishra Scientist-E ICMAM-PD,

Chennai regarding case study of coastal erosion in Orissa

i. Dr Mishra presented a case study for Gopalpur coast of Odisha which has been identified as an eroding coast by CWC as per the inputs provided by the state


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government. However, on long term basis i.e., the data available for last 20 years indicate the shoreline is rather stable and the presence of dunes are indicative of accretion nature of the coast. The on-going modification of the Gopalpur port in the last 2-3 years has affected the 4-5km stretch on both side of the coastline significantly. The Satbhaya coast of Odisha is eroding naturally and partly affected due to the entrapment of Mahanadi river sediment at Hukitola Bay and the nature and orientation of the coastline. Similarly, the coasts near river mouths and inlets are affected naturally and causing erosion on seasonal basis. The erosion of Puri and Konark beaches in 2007 was mainly due to improper management of the neighbouring river inlets. Dr Mishra emphasized that in some cases the information or inputs provided by state governments to CWC reports are not based on any scientific evidence rather based on seasonal erosion that are purely local or regional in scale motivated by the public or media hue and cry and for gaining political mileage and funding for some shore protection construction activities. It is essential to collect long term data on shoreline and beach changes at selected earmarked eroding sites and also the major changes near important river mouths which have either ecological or economical significance that are not still well studied or attended. As any coastal process related programs demands huge trained specialized manpower for collection of data and analysis and also funding, instead of going for collection of coastal process data rather a beach profile, shoreline and costal geomorphology monitoring program can be evolved at selected places with low cost budget using modern technologies GPS systems and beach survey tools at identified sites all along the country using or technically empowering the state Government agencies or Universities by CWC / coastal erosion Directorate.

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Appendix II

F.No. 4/5/2013-CED/53-73

भारत सरकार/Government of India

केन्द्रीय जल आयोग /Central Water Commission

तटीय अपरदन ननदेशालय/Coastal Erosion Directorate

कक्ष सखं्या 906 (द0), सवेा भवन,

राम कृष्ण पुरम, नई नदल्ली 110606

Room No.906 (S), Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110606

नदनांक/dated 15th January, 2013

Office Memorandum

Subject:

Meeting Notice : Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

In pursuance of decision taken by CPDAC in its 13th meeting held at Mangalore on 9-10th February,2012 , the Sub-committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation

and Publication is hereby constituted to prepare a report containing following:- 1. Status of the coastal data being collected at national and state level by various

agencies and its inventory 2. Uniform format for data collection to be followed by each agency, 3. Plan for data collection and requirement, including instrumentation for entire

coastline of the country addressing the priority areas, 4. Utility of such data for planning of coastal protection and shoreline management

initiatives, 5. Future strategy/Guidelines for coastal data collection, compilation and publication

in the prescribed format The composition of the sub-committee is given at Annexure-I. The First meeting of the above sub-committee will be held on 13th February, 2013 at 11.30 am in Room No. 212 (S), Committee Room, Sewa Bhawan, CWC, HQ, New Delhi to discuss above mentioned list of items. The Members of the sub-committee may also send their inputs on these items well in advance. In context of above meeting it is intimated that in past a meeting of agencies engaged in collection of data relating to coastal processes affecting coastline was held on 16.12.2011 at CWC-HQ, New Delhi. The Summary Record of discussions of the same meeting is enclosed for reference. Also in past CW&PRS, Pune has formulated the format and Guidelines for collection and submission of Coastal Data. The same is also enclosed for reference.


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Kindly make it convenient to attend the meeting.

(म० नस०ं निल्लों)/ (M.S. Dhillon)

ननदेशक/Director

टेलीफोन/Tel. 011-26195513

Email: [email protected] To:

The Members of the sub-committee (As per Annexure-I)

Copy for kind Information to:

PPS to Member (RM), CWC and Chairman (CPDAC), New Delhi


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Annexure-I

S.N Designation & Department

1. Chief Engineer(FM), CWC & Chairman of Sub-committee 901(S), Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66

2. Chief Engineer 34, Lal Bahadur Shastri Street, Public Works Department, UT of Puducherry Puducherry-605001

3. CE & Basin Manager Lower Mahanadi Basin Govt. of Odisha Secha Sadan, Bhubaneswar

4. Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist E Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services “Ocean Valley” , Pragati Nagar (BO), Nizamapet (S.O.), Hyderabad (AP)-500090

5. Dr. Y.K. Somayajulu, Sr. Principal Scientist Data Centre, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula , Goa-403004

6. Jt. Director of Hydrography, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) WB-IV Wing V, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66

7. Representative of Adviser(Impact Assessment) Impact Assessment, MOEF, 6th Floor, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003

8. Director Centre for Earth Science Studies, PB No. 7250 Thiruvananthapuram, Akkulam, Kerala-695031

9. Project Director (Scientist F) National Institute of Ocean Technology, Min. of Earth Science, Govt. of India, NIOT Campus Velachery-Tambaram Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600100


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10. Project Director & Sci. G ICMAM Project Dte. NIOT Campus, Velachery-Tambaram Main Road , Pallikaranai,Chennai-600 100

11. Director Beach Erosion Directorate CWC “Jaladhara” , 27/1927-A, Kasturba Nagar, Kochu-Kadavanthra, Kochi-682020

12. Jt. Director CW&PRS P.O. Khadakwasla, Pune (Maharashtra)

13. Director/SE Institute of Hydraulics & Hydrology, PWD, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvallur Distt. Poondi-602023 (TN)

14. Superintending Engineer Irrigation South Circle, Irrigation & Administration, Govt. of Kerala, Public Office Building, Thiruvananthapuram

15. Head Geo Sciences Division (GSD), Space Application Centre Ambawadi Vistar, PO Ahmedabad-380015 (Gujarat)

16. Director River Research Institute Irrigation & Waterways Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal 11A, Mirza Ghalib Street, Kolkata-700087

17. Director Karnataka Engg. Research Station, Krishna Raja Sagar Mandya Distt., Karnataka, Pin-571607


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18. Deputy Director Hydraulic Study Department, Kolkata Port Trust, 20, Garden reach Road, P.O. South Eastern Railway HQ Kolkata-700043

19. Scientific Officer Chilka Development Authority Plot No. C-11 BJB Nagar Bhubneshwar-751014

20. Director Coastal Erosion Dte.,CWC & Member-Secretary 906(S), CWC, Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66


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Appendix III

F.No. 4/5/2013-CED/660-80

भारत सरकार/Government of India

केन्द्रीय जल आयोग /Central Water Commission

तटीय अपरदन ननदेशालय/Coastal Erosion Directorate

कक्ष सखं्या 906 (द0), सवेा भवन,


Room No.906 (S), Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110606

नदनांक/dated 31st October , 2013

Office Memorandum

Subject:

Forwarding of Summary Record of Discussions of first meeting of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication held on 7th October,2013 at New Delhi

Please find enclosed herewith the Summary Record of discussions of first meeting of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication held on 7th October, 2013 at New Delhi for information and necessary action.

Encl: As above

(नशव नदंन कुमार )

(Shiv Nandan Kumar)

ननदेशक/Director

टेलीफोन/Tel. 011-26195513

To

The Members of the sub-committee (As per list)

Copy for kind information to:

Member (RM), CWC and Chairman (CPDAC), New Delhi


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स॰ं 4/5/2013-सीईडी/660-80

भारत सरकार

केन्द्रीय जल आयोग

तटीय अपरदन ननदेशालय

********

कक्ष सखं्या 906 (द0), सेवा भवन,


नदनांक 31 अकू्तबर , 2013

कायाालय ज्ञापन

नवषय : तटीय सूचना सगं्रहण,सकंलन एव ंप्रकाशन से सबंनन्द्ित, तटीय सरंक्षण एवं नवकास सलाहकार

सनमनत की उप- सनमनत की नदनांक 07-10-2013 को नई नदल्ली में आयोनजत प्रथम बैठक के नवचार -

नवमशा का सनंक्षप्त अनभलेख

तटीय सूचना संग्रहण,संकलन एवं प्रकाशन से संबन्धित, तटीय संरक्षण एवं न्वकास सलाहकार सन्िन्त

की उप- सन्िन्त की न्िनांक 07-10-2013 को नई न्िल्ली िें आयोन्ित प्रथि बैठक के न्वचार - न्विशश का

संन्क्षप्त अन्िलेख सूचनाथश एवं आवश्यक कायशवाही के न्लए संलग्न न्कया िा रहा है |

सलंग्नक : उपरोक्त

(नशव नदंन कुमार)

ननदेशक

टेलीफोन/ 011-26195513

सेवा मे ,

उप-सनमनत के सदस्य गण ( सलंग्न सूची के अनुसार)

प्रनतनलनप सूचनाथा :

सदस्य ( नदी प्रबिं ), कें रीय जल आयोग एवं अध्यक्ष (तटीय सरंक्षण एवं नवकास सलाहकार

सनमनत)


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List of Members of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication

S.N.

Designation & Department

S.N.

Designation & Department

1 Chief Engineer(FM), CWC & Chairman of Sub-committee 901(S), Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66

2 Chief Engineer 34, Lal Bahadur Shastri Street, Public Works Department, UT of Puducherry Puducherry-605001

3 Chief Engineer & Basin Manager Lower Mahanadi Basin, Water Resources Department Govt. of Odisha Secha Sadan, Bhubaneswar

4 Sh. E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, Scientist E Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services “Ocean Valley” , Pragati Nagar (BO), Nizamapet (S.O.), Hyderabad (AP)-500090

5 Sr. Principal Scientist Data Centre, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula , Goa-403004

6 Jt. Director of Hydrography, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) WB-IV Wing V, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66

7 Representative of Adviser(Impact Assessment) Impact Assessment, MOEF, 6th Floor, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003

8 Director Centre for Earth Science Studies, PB No. 7250 Thiruvananthapuram, Akkulam, Kerala-695031

9 Project Director (Scientist F) National Institute of Ocean Technology, Min. of Earth Science, Govt. of India, NIOT Campus Velachery-Tambaram Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600100

10 Project Director & Sci. G ICMAM Project Dte. NIOT Campus, Velachery-Tambaram Main Road , Pallikaranai,Chennai-600 100

11 Director Beach Erosion Directorate CWC “Jaladhara” , 27/1927-A, Kasturba Nagar, Kochu-Kadavanthra, Kochi-682020

12 Jt. Director CW&PRS P.O. Khadakwasla, Pune (Maharashtra)


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13 Director/SE Institute of Hydraulics & Hydrology, PWD, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvallur Distt. Poondi-602023 (TN)

14 Superintending Engineer Irrigation South Circle, Irrigation & Administration, Govt. of Kerala, Public Office Building, Thiruvananthapuram

15 Head Geo Sciences Division (GSD), Space Application Centre Ambawadi Vistar, PO Ahmedabad-380015 (Gujarat)

16 Director River Research Institute Irrigation & Waterways Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal 11A, Mirza Ghalib Street, Kolkata-700087

17 Director Karnataka Engg. Research Station, Krishna Raja Sagar Mandya Distt., Karnataka, Pin-571607

18 Deputy Director Hydraulic Study Department, Kolkata Port Trust, 20, Garden reach Road, P.O. South Eastern Railway HQ Kolkata-700043

19 Scientific Officer Chilka Development Authority Plot No. C-11 BJB Nagar Bhubneshwar-751014

20 Director Coastal Erosion Dte.,CWC & Member-Secretary 906(S), CWC, Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-66


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Summary Record of Discussions of First meeting of Sub-committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication held on 7th October, 2013 at CWC-HQ, New Delhi:- 1. Sh. K.N. Keshri, Chief Engineer (FM), CWC and Chairman of Sub-committee of Coastal

Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication (hereafter referred as Sub-committee) welcomed all the participants in the meeting and gave brief background of the agenda for meeting and the functions of the sub-committee in context of Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication. He informed that there are many agencies/departments involved in coastal data collection, though currently uniformity in the data collection process and its compilation is lacking. While discussing the functions of the sub-committee he mentioned that there is a need of co-ordinated efforts in this regard and proper inventory of coastal data which has been collected by various agencies should be maintained by the sub-committee at national level for proper utilisation by different stake holders. (List of the participants of the meeting is at Annexure-I).

2. After brief introduction of the participants of the meeting, Sh. Pramod Narayan, Director (Coastal Erosion), CWC and Member-Secretary of the Sub-committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication ( hereafter referred as Member-Secretary) made a power point presentation covering details about the point of discussions during the meeting, brief background of CPDAC, its function in context of co-ordinated programme of collection, compilation, evaluation and publication of data relating to various natural phenomena in coastal processes, constitution of Sub-committee of CPDAC on Coastal Data Collection, Compilation and Publication and its functions. The Sub-Committee discussed the following points in detail:

i. Coastal Data: The Member-Secretary of the sub-committee presented the list of Coastal data to be collected which was discussed by the members. After due, deliberation , it was decided that the sub-committee may focus presently on the following data pertaining to coastal processes:

j) Wave k) Current l) Tide m) Riverine Data n) Wind o) Coastal Sediment p) Beach Profile q) Bathymetry r) Shoreline Change


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a) Wave: The sub-committee discussed and accepted that Offshore Wave Data (at 20-30 m water depths) and near-shore wave data (at 5-12 m water depth) should be collected. The parameters to be collected are Wave Height, Time Period, Direction and Wave-length. It was also agreed that hourly data should be collected and such programme should be planned for 2-3 years. Smt. R. Vasantha, S.E. , Minor Irrigation Central Circle, Irrigation and Administration Department, Govt. of Kerala informed that State Govt. is not using presently any instruments for measuring such data due to budget constraints. It was clarified that such data should be collected through instruments.

b) Current: The sub-committee discussed that hourly current data (at 20-30 m water depths and at 5-12 m water depth) should be collected and such collection programme should be planned hourly for 2-3 years’ time-span. Sh. R. S. Kankara, Scientist-F, ICMAM-PD, Chennai further elaborated that point data should be collected at 0.4 d (d is the depth) at 15-30 minutes time interval for Research & Development point of view, but at the same time it may increase the volume of data which may be looked from data storage, process, transfer & retrieval point of view. Therefore hourly data may serve the basic needs of data collection’s objectives. In case there is requirement of data observations even having a time unit smaller than hour, it may be taken specifically R&D purpose. The same was discussed and accepted by the sub-committee. Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa stated that Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) could be used for such purpose which can provide the velocity profile across the water column.

c) Tide: It was discussed and accepted that hourly Sea Water Level should be observed for 5 years or more based on the specific project requirement. It was informed that all Major Ports are collecting Tidal data continuously. It was also informed that Survey of India (SoI) is coordinating the collection of Tidal Data and annual tide tables are being published by SoI. It was further accepted that Survey of India (SoI) should also be represented in this sub-committee

d) Riverine Data: Member-Secretary mentioned that daily gauge, discharge and sediment data are collected by CWC based on the type of site maintained. During Monsoon season hourly gauge data is collected. Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, NIO, Goa and Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head, Geo Sciences Division, Space Application Centre(SAC), Ahmedabad further elaborated that Salinity should also be measured wherever there is tidal influence, which is one of water quality data which would be very useful in study related to salinity ingress along the coast as well as in fresh riverine water.

e) Wind: It was discussed and accepted that Wind Speed and direction should be measured in the coastal areas. Such data collection should be done as per the IMD standards. It was further accepted that India Meteorological Department (IMD) should also be represented in this sub-committee.

f) Coastal Sediments: It was proposed that Bed Load and Suspended Load should be measured up to 20 m water depth. The difficulty in carrying out such measurements at 20 m water depth was discussed at length and it was concluded that such decision can be taken only upon the requirements of project/study/research. Sh. R. S. Kankara, Scientist-F, Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management, Project Directorate


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((ICMAM-PD), Chennai elaborated that sampling can be done at 2-3 m depth intervals across the shore. The frequency of the measurements was also discussed in detail and it was concluded that at sites where river is there, the measurement during Monsoon season can be done twice a day; once corresponding to flood tide and once corresponding to ebb tide. The beach sample should be collected both alongshore and across the shore from HTL to LTL at 50 cm depth at least. While discussing the capability OCEANSAT-1 & 2 , Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head, Geo Sciences Division, Space Application Centre(SAC), Ahmedabad informed that Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor is collecting data over oceans and algorithms have been developed to retrieve Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC), Chlorophyll Concentration, Aerosol Optical depth and Vertical Diffuse Attenuation (Kd). These products are generated every two days for a swath of 1420 km * 1420 km at 360 m spatial resolution. He elaborated that Suspended Sediment Concentration data is extremely useful for understanding regional sediment dynamics and is being used as one of the input in numerical models to simulate sediment transport. Regional sediment dynamics is useful in understanding coastal processes responsible for causing shoreline changes at local level. Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, NIO, Goa further stated that Sediment Movement is maximum during the Monsoon season and use of satellite data during this time is limited due to clouds. While discussing the difficulties of measurement in surf zone, he stated that due to hazardous nature of surf zone direct measurement of sediment load is not possible, hence Sediment Sampler (frame) could be used in these conditions with a support of movement boat, which can provide average value over a period of 15-30 days.

g) Beach Profile: It was accepted that the beach profile is one of the important parameter required to assess the physical changes in beach over a period. It was decided that beach profile may be taken twice a year i.e. pre-monsoon (preferably in April-May) and post-monsoon (preferably in November-December). Capt. J. Gurumani, Director, Directorate of Hydrography, Integrated- HQ, Ministry of Defence (Navy), New Delhi stated that it should be planned on spring tide during lowest water condition so as to cover maximum exposed beach in facilitating easy survey and movement of equipment. This parameter needs a long term programme for assessing the beach profile trend based on the requirements, but duration may be decided based on the objective, but a minimum of 5 years data is recommended for beach profile Dr. R. S. Kankara, Scientist-F, ICMAM-PD, Chennai stated that due to dynamic nature of coast bench marks should be established permanently and to establish the trend of beach line movement, each time during surveys these established bench marks must be covered. This parameter can sustain minimum of 5 years and the spatial frequency should be such that any abrupt changes in the profiles must be covered during survey. It was accepted that for long sandy beaches undergoing erosion, the profile should be done along three lines i.e. both extremes i.e. (HTL & LTL) and in the mid position preferably at 50 m interval along the beach.

h) Bathymetry: Sh. Debashis Guha, Deputy Director, Kolkata Port Trust opined that at macro level Bathymetric Data for entire coast should be collected to get the overall picture . However, Capt. J. Gurumani, Director, Directorate of Hydrography, Integrated-


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HQ, Ministry of Defence (Navy), New Delhi and , Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head , Geo Sciences Division, SAC, Ahmedabad mentioned that it would not be possible to take up the bathymetry of entire coast as it is very resources intensive and a voluminous work. Capt. J. Gurumani informed that there is already good amount of bathymetry data available with various agencies i.e. Ports, NHO etc. and it may serve the basic purpose in case need of this data arises. Therefore this available data may be used. Finally the sub-committee accepted that the collection of Bathymetry data and its resolution should be based on the requirements of the objective and accordingly it may be carried out. Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, NIO, Goa informed that Echo sounders work at depth more than 4 m and for measurements of bottom variation in 0-4 m water depth, Sled can be used which can be pulled across the surf zone for carrying out the measurement of water depth manually.

i) Shoreline Change: In this respect Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head, Geo Sciences Division, SAC, Ahmedabad, mentioned that a project entitled, “Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast”, has been taken up at Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad in association with Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC. The major objective is to prepare a digital shoreline change atlas in GIS environment on 1:25, 000 scale using satellite data (1989-91 and 2004-06). The Atlas is ready for publishing. The necessity of updation of Shoreline Change Atlas at frequent intervals also came up for discussion. The members of sub-committee are of view that this may be updated at every five years. This was accepted to be recommended to CPDAC for consideration. However, the first updating now may be taken up based upon data of 2012-13. While discussing the scale of maps, Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head, Geo Sciences Division, SAC, Ahmedabad mentioned that higher resolution maps (preferably 1:10,000) should be prepared for specific sites which are identified as hot-spots ( great erosion prone). Sh. R. S. Kankara, Scientist-F, ICMAM-PD, Chennai informed that Ministry of Environment and Forests has done shoreline changes assessment for some of the States. Dr. Rajawat, SAC, Ahmedabad clarified that scale of these maps is 1:50,000. Sh. R. S. Kankara, Scientist-F, ICMAM-PD, Chennai further informed that ICMAM-PD is implementing a project on “Shoreline Changes Mapping” in 12th Plan and project and maps for Tamil Nadu state shall be ready by Dec., 2013. The ICMAM project is aimed to map long term changes and regular updates of priority areas considering the issues of coastal morphology and coastal processes. Sh. Pramod Naryan, Member-Secretary informed that CWC is already under the process of publication of Shoreline Change Atlas for the Country in collaboration with SAC, Ahmedabad on a scale of 1:25,000 itself. These maps/data may be used for further value additions by various agencies.

3. Selection of Site for Coastal Data Collection: This aspect was discussed and it was decided that first of all identification of critical coastal line (erosion prone) may be carried out based on Shoreline Change Atlas, and accordingly new sites as well as establishment of new sites for coastal data collection may be done. While finalising the new sites, sediment cell approach may be given due consideration in addition to Shoreline changes detected based on remote sensing technology.


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4. While discussing the Sediment Cell approach, the regional level classification of coastal

zone for the whole Indian Sub-continent as proposed by Beach Erosion Board, in year 1978 was also presented during the meeting in which east coast was sub-divided in 8 major zones and West coast was sub-divided in 5 major zones as detailed below.

S.N. East Coast S.N. West Coast

1 Kanyakumari to West of Sri Lanka 1 Kanyakumari to Mangalore

2 East of Sri Lanka to Cauveri Outfall 2 Mangalore to Tapi Outfall

3 Cauveri Outfall to Chinnaganjam 3 Tapi Outfall to Veraval

4 Chinnaganjam to Paradip Port 4 Veraval to Okha

5 Paradip Port to Hooghly Mouth 5 Okha to West of Indus Outfall ( Pakistan)

6 Hooghly Mouth to Chittagong ( Bangladesh)

7 Chittagong to Akyab (Myanmar)

8 Akyab to Outfall of Irrawadi River

5. Further the details of the Coastal Data being collected by NIO, Goa and INCOIS, Hyderabad was presented in the meeting. While discussing the future data collection programme, Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, NIO, Goa informed that NIO, Goa is planning to set-up permanent offshore platforms for such purpose in association with Navy/Coast Guard.

6. Data Compilation: Sub-committee discussed the formats for compilation of Wave, current and Tidal Data. The accepted formats are given in Annexure-II.

7. The existing Guidelines for coastal data collection for specific parameters were discussed by the sub-committee. The members present in the meeting were requested to share the same, so that further decision on the review and update of these guidelines and sharing with other data collection agencies/State Govts. may be taken up. Sh. D. Ilangovan, Principal Scientist, NIO informed the sub-committee that there are some guidelines which are specific to instruments being deployed for the measurement and also there are some general Guidelines for the same. He agreed to share with the sub-committee after the meeting.

8. The Sub-Committee also deliberated that there should be representation of IMD and GSI in this Committee, since both of these agencies are involved in coastal data collection in respect of Wind and Coastal geomorphology respectively, hence agreed to recommend to CPDAC for inclusion of representation from both these Central agencies.

9. Thereafter, the sub-committee discussed and identified the Lead Agencies for various activities in respect of coastal data collection/protection. The agreed list is as under.

Oceanographic Data – NIO, Goa (in association with INCOIS, NIOT etc.) Tidal Data – Survey of India (in association with INCOIS, NIOT etc.) Meteorological Data (Wind) - IMD


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Beach Profiling – Respective State Agencies Coastal Sediment- GSI Bathymetry – NHO, Port Organization Shoreline Change – SAC, Ahmedabad Riverine Data- CWC Design/Modelling of Coastal Protection- CW&PRS in association with NIOT, ICMAM-PD, CESS etc.

10. Further Course of Action:- It was agreed that:-

i. Agencies/ States will share the list of coastal data being collected alongwith inventory of available coastal data with the sub-committee.

ii. Agencies/States will share the existing guidelines related to coastal data collection with the sub-committee

iii. All the agencies/States will use the formats finalized for compilation of some of the coastal data , to the extent possible

******


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Annexure-I

List of Officers attending the First Meeting of Sub-Committee of Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC) on Coastal Collection, Compilation and Publication held at Room No 307 (S), Committee Room, Sewa Bhavan, CWC, New Delhi on 07.10.2013.

S.N. Name, Designation and Organization

Central Water Commission

1 Shri K. N. Keshri, Chief Engineer(FM), CWC, New Delhi and Chairman of Sub-committee

2 Shri Pramod Narayan , Director( Coastal Erosion), CWC, New Delhi & Member-Secretary of Sub-committee

3 Shri Thangamani. R. Director( Beach Erosion), CWC, Kochi

4 Shri Shiv Sunder Singh, Dy. Director, Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi

5 Shri P. Sukumaran, Assistant Director-II, Coastal Erosion Directorate, CWC, New Delhi

Directorate of Hydrography, Integrated- HQ, Ministry of Defence (Navy), New Delhi

6 Capt. J. Gurumani, Director, Director, Directorate of Hydrography, New Delhi

Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management(ICMAM), Project Directorate

7 Dr. R.S. Kankara, Scientist-F, Head, Coastal Processes & Shore line mapping ICMAM-PD, Chennai

Irrigation and Administration Department, Govt. of Kerala

8 Smt. R. Vasantha, S.E. , Minor Irrigation Central Circle, Irrigation and Administration Department, Kakkanadu, Ernakulam, Kerala

Karnataka Engineering Research Station

9 Sh. S. Nagaraju, Research Officer, Coastal Engineering Sub-Division, KERS

10 Sh. Ganesh Prasad, Research Officer, Coastal Engineering Sub-Division, KERS

Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT)

11 Shri Debashis Guha, Deputy Director, KoPT

National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa

12 Shri Ilangovan, D., Principal Scientist, NIO, Goa

River Research Institute, West Bengal

13 Dr. Manik De, Director, River Research Institute, Kolkata

Space Application Centre(SAC), Ahmedabad

14 Dr. A.S. Rajawat, Head, Geo Sciences Division, MPSG/EPSA, SAC, Ahmedabad

Water Resources Department, Govt. of Odisha

15 Shri Satrughna Das ,Chief Engineer and Basin Manager (CE&BM), Lower Mahanadi Basin, WR Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar


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Annexure-II Table 1: Format for Wave Data Compilation

Location Latitude

Longitude Water Depth Duration

Range Hs

Hs for 100 year return

period

Predominant Average

Wave Period Predominant

Direction Wave Length

Table 2: Format for Current Data Compilation

Location Latitude/ Longitude

Distance from Bed Period Speed Predominant Direction

Table 3: Format for Tidal Data* Compilation

Location Latitude/longitude Mean High Water Spring

Mean High Water Neaps

Mean Sea Level

Mean Low Water Neaps

Mean Low Water Spring

* For tidal data all levels with respect to Chart Datum. Needs to be compiled for each year


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Appendix IV List of Coastal Protection Works Recommended By CW&PRS, Pune

MAHARASHTRA

1 Dahanu - - Thane 48 Kegaon - Raigad

2 Satkale-Wattar, Thane 49 Nagaon - Raigad

3 Dandi - Thane 50 Borlimandla - Raigad

4 Pachubandar - Thane 51 Vihur - Raigad

5 Nandgao - Thane 52 Korlai - Raigad

6 Arnala gaon - Thane 53 Harne - Ratnagiri

7 Chikhal dongri - Thane 54

Khed – Sirsi Bhoi - Ratnagiri

8 Edwan - Thane 55 Khed – Shiv Khurd- Ratnagiri

9 Tarapur - Thane 56 Borya – Ratnagiri

10 Desai gaon - Thane 57 Palshet – Aghadevi - Ratnagiri

11 Kelwa Mahim- Thane 58 Guhagar – Khalchapat - Ratnagiri

12 Uttan - Thane 59 Guhagar – Varchapat - Ratnagiri

13 Varor - Thane 60 Guhagar Bag - Ratnagiri

14 Ucheli Dandi - Thane 61 Kachare - Ratnagiri

15 Dhakti Dahanu - Thane 62 Someshwar - Ratnagiri

16 Rangaon - Thane 63 Bhati Mirya - Ratnagiri

17 Suruchi - Thane 64 Bhatkarwada- Ratnagiri

18 Vatar - Thane 65 Ambolgad - Ratnagiri

19 Priyadarshani park -Mumbai 66 Bankot - Ratnagiri

20 Silver Sand -Mumbai 67 Palande - Ratnagiri

21 Rajbhavan -Mumbai 68 Aajarla - Ratnagiri

22 INS Hamla -Mumbai 69 Kond Karul - Ratnagiri

23 Marine Drive -Mumbai 70 Ladghar - Ratnagiri

24 Free-Press--Mumbai 71 Ganapatipule - Ratnagiri

25 Cuff Parade –Mumbai 72 Velas - Ratnagiri

26 Khardanda -Mumbai 73 Padve - Ratnagiri

27 Madh -Mumbai 74 Kuweshi - Ratnagiri

28 Gorai –Mumbai 75 Talashi Tondivali - Sindhudurg

29 Manori -Mumbai 76 Mith Mumbai - Sindhudurg

30 Nariman Point -Mumbai 77 Tambaldeg - Sindhudurg

31 Mahalaxmi Temple -Mumbai 78 Muthwadi - Sindhudurg

32 Chimbai -Mumbai 79 Navabag-Ubhadana- Sindhudurg

33 Mandava - Raigad 80 Tarkarli - Sindhudurg

34 Ranjankhar - Raigad 81 Kelus - Sindhudurg

35 Awas - Raigad 82 Bhogvey - Sindhudurg

36 ONGC Uran- Raigad 83 Wayangani - Sindhudurg

37 Versoli - Raigad 84 Devbag-Malvan - Sindhudurg

38 Alibag-Koliwada - Raigad 85 Rajkot - Sindhudurg

39 Theronda - Raigad 86 Pankhol Juwa - Sindhudurg


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40 Korlai - Raigad 87 Kurlewadi - Sindhudurg

41 Navedar, Navagaon - Raigad 88 Mhapan - Sindhudurg

42 Murud Koliwada - Raigad 89 Dandi - Sindhudurg

43 Ekdara - Raigad 90 Dhuriwada - Sindhudurg

44 Jeevana - Raigad 91 Sarjekot - Sindhudurg

45 Adgaon - Raigad 92 Sarambal - Sindhudurg

46 Ranjankhar - Raigad 93 Shela Arosbag- Sindhudurg

47 Saswane - Raigad 94 Shiroda Welaghar - Sindhudurg

GUJARAT

1 Umargaon 16 Bhat - Navsari

2 Umarsadi - Machiwad 17 Mendhar – Navsari (Jhuj)

3 Udwada 18 Surat - Dandi

4 Kolak 19 Mor – Bhagwa – Creek site

5 Kosamba 20 Dumas – Sultanabad (Surat)

6 Tithal 21 Madhi (Bharuch)

7 Moti Danti 22 Anakaleshwar - ONGC

8 Borsi-Machiwad 23 INS Dwarka

9 Onjal-Machiwad 24 Dwarka

10 Navsari - Dandi 25 Bhavani Temple - Bhavnagar

11 Fansa - Valsad 26 Gopnath- Bhavnagar

12 Maroli - Valsad 27 Umbrat-Surat

13 Dholai - Valsad 28 Bhadeli

14 Kalay - Valsad 29 Movasa

15 Somnath 30 Umarsadi Mangelwad

GOA

1 Kerim 5 Talpona

2 Betal Batim 6 Baina Bay

3 Anjuna 7 Kahnanuin

4 Polem 8 Candolim

KARNATAKA

1 Devbag - Karwar 8 Ullal

2 Bhavikeri - Ganeshbag 9 Jali Kodi

3 Karwar 10 Pavinkurve

4 Keni- Gavitwada 11 Maravanthe

5 Gorate 12 Paduvari

6 Sashishthilu 13 Belambur Khariwada

7 Gangoli 14 Bada Yeramal


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KERALA

1 INS Dronacharya, Kochi 3 Ezimala

2 Puthuvypeen, Cochin 4 Thiruvananthapuram

Tamilnadu & Puducherry

1 North of Madras 3 Pondicherry

2 Kalpakkam 4 Ennore

ANDHRA PRADESH

1 Ramakrishna Beach, Vizag 3 Catamaran Beach, Vizag

2 Upadda 4 China golapalem

ORISSA

1 Paradip 4 Puri

2 Outer Wheeler Island 5 Konark

3 Chandipur 6 Chilika Lake

WEST BENGAL

1 Shankarpur – New Jalda 3 Begua Khali – Sagar Island

2 Boat Khali – Sagar Island 4 Digha

5 Mandarmani

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

1 Campbell Bay 3 Malacca, Car Nicobar

2 Mus, Car Nicobar 4 INS Kardip, Kamorta

LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS

1 Kavaratti 5 Androth

2 Kalpeni 6 Minicoy

3 Agatti 7 Amini

4 Kadmath 8 Chetlat


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Appendix V Inventory of Coastal Data with Ministry of Earth Sciences ( 2014)

Platform/Sensor Parameters Locations Frequency Mode of reception

Availability Accessibility Remarks

1.Atmospheric Observations

Automatic Weather Station along the coast.

Atmospheric Pressure, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Rainfall, Duration of bright sunshine, soil temperature ( at agro-AWS), soil moisture(at agro-AWS).

64 AWS long the coast

Hourly Near Real-time (satellite telemetry)

2009 – till date (from date of commissioning of stations)

Date receiving Earth Station, GTS, ESSO-IMD website, retrieval of data from field station

Data are being disseminated to end users through GTS

Automatic Rain Gauges

Rainfall, Air temperature and relative humidity (at selected stations)

120 ARG stations along the coast

Hourly Near Real-time (satellite telemetry

2009 – till date (from date of commissioning of stations)

Date receiving Earth Station, GTS, ESSO-IMD website, retrieval of data from field station

Data are being disseminated to end users through GTS


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Doppler Weather Radar

Three base parameters: Reflectivity, Radial velocity and spectral width. Number of various products are derived based on the above three basic products.

Kolkata, Visakhapatnam, Machilipatnam, Chennai, Shriharikota, Mumbai.

Data collection at 10 minutes interval at 24x7 mode

Real-time via VPN

Since commissioning of the systems at respective stations

Six products (images) are available in near real time at ESSO-IMD website. Raw data is available at respective station.

Shriharikota data is not available in real time. DWRs at Para dip, Karaikal, Goa are in the process of installation.

RS/RW stations Measurement of Pressure, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Wind Direction at different heights in the atmosphere.

Kolkata, Chennai, Thiruvanantapuram, Mumbai, Goa Bhubaneshwar, Minicoy, Aminidivi, Visakhapatnam, Machilipatnam, Karaikal, Kochi, Portblair

Twice daily at 00 UTC and 12 UTC

Real- time Since commissioning of the systems data available at ADGM(R) Pune office

Data is available at ADGM(R) Pune office

2.Ocean Observations- in situ


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Moored Buoy Atmospheric Pressure, Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity, Wind Parameters, currents, SST, Conductivity, Wave Parameters, Rainfall, Net Radiation, Irradiance Profiles of Temperature, Salinity up to 500m and Currents up to 100m.

Gulf of Khambhat, Off Mumbai, Off Goa, Off Mangalore, Gulf of Mannar, Off Chennai, Off Paradeep, Andaman, Kavarathi. Active Buoys as on 22/07/14: Andaman, Kavarathi, Off Krishnapatnam.

1hr/3hr Real -time 1997 – till date

ODIS – Public Access with only visualisation option. No download option.

Data is provided on submission of undertaking as data charges are applicable. Surface meteorological and oceanographic data are disseminated in real-time by e-mail to ESSO-IMD, Navy Coast Guard,


Page| 83



A&N Forest Dept., SAC as well as AP, AT, RH, Wind, SST on GTS

Wave Rider Buoy Wave parameters Gopalpur (Odisha), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Puduchery,Tutucorion (Tamil Nadu), Kollam (Kerala), Kozhikode(Kerala), Kawar (Kamataka), Rathanagiri (Maharashtra), Agatti, (Lakshadweep), Protblair (A&N)

30 minutes Real - time 2008- till date ODIS – Public Access with visualisation option. No download option

Data is being supplied on submission of undertaking

HF Rader Current Vector Andaman coast, Andhra Pradesh coast, Gujarat coast, Odisha coast, Tamil

60 minutes Real - time 2008 – till date

Registered access through ODIS.


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Nadu coast.

Coastal ACDP Current Vector Bhatkal, Jaigarh, Goa, Kollam, Mumbai.

- Delayed mode

2008-2010

Tide Gauges Sea level data Aerial Bay, Campbell Bay, Chennai, Cochin, Ennore, Garden Reach, JNPT, Kakinada, Kandla, Karwar, Kavaratti, Krishnapatnam, Minicoy, Nagapattinam, Nancowry, New Mangalore, Okha, Paradeep, Port Blair, Tuticorin, Visakhapatnam

Real - time 2007- till date Tsunami Early Warning Centre Website Visualization No download facility

Data is being supplied on submission of undertaking. Data from selected stations are shared with international agencies.

Radiometer Upward and Downward irradiance etc.

Delayed mode

2008 – till date

Registered access through ODIS.

Database is being generated.

Seawater Quality parameters

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), nutrients, PH,

20 locations Vadinar, Veraval,

1/2/3/4 time in a

Delayed mode

1992-2010 83 stations

Registered access through ODIS

Through ESSO-


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Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), plankton, benthos and pathogenic bacteria.

Hazira, Thane (Mumbai), Worli, Ratnagiri, Malven, Mandovi, Mangalore, Kochi, Kavaratti, Sandheads, Hooghly, Paradeep, Visakhapatnam, Kakinada Ennore (Chennai), Pondicherry, Tuticorin, Port Blair.

Year 2010-onward 20 locations

with Visualization And download options

INCOIS

Near shore Wave Data Pressure gauge:

Wave parameters (Height, period & direction) Wave parameters (Height & period)

Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Thrissur Kozhikode Alappuzha Emakulam Chavara (Kollam) Chavara (Kollam) Thiruvananthapuram

Continuous since 2014 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2004 2005 2010-12 1999-2001 2007-13 1980-85

Stored in Memory cards and hard disk Stored in memory cards and disk

Archived in ESSO-NCESS

Archived at ESSO-NCESS as hard copy Seasonal (pre and post monsoon and monsoon

Available in ESSO-NCESS Available in ESSO-NCESS


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Thiruvananthapuram Alappuzha, Kozhikode and Thalasserry.

Littoral Environment Observations (LEO)

Breaker waves, Long shore currents

Thiruvananthapuram Alappuzha, Kozhikode and Thalasserry. Kollam Thrissur Kozhikode Thiruvananthapuram

1980-85 (Weekly) 1999-2001 Since2010 (Monthly) 2009-10 (Monthly) Since 2010 (Monthly) Since2000 (Monthly)

Manually Recorded field measurement

Archived at ESSO-NCESS

Archived at ESSO-NCESS

Hard copy

Wave Rider Buoy Wave parameters Kochi Vizhinajm (Thiruvananthapura

1983 1984(May-June)

Continuous for 1yr Continuous for2

Archived at ESSO-NCESS as hard copy

Archived at ESSO-NCESS as hard copy

Hard copy


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m Kavaratti (Lakshadweep) Thiruvananthapuram Kollam &Kozhikode at 20m depth

1991-92

months Continuous for 1yr 2011-till date at Kozhikode(real time data)

Archived at ESSO-NCESS as hard copy at ESSO-NCESS

Archived in ESSO-NCESS At ESSO-NCESS

As part of ESSO-NCESS programme of coastal observation system.

Coastal currents RCM/ACDP/ADP/S4

Current Vector Thiruvananthapuram Thrissur Kozhikode Alappuzha Ernakulam Chavara (Kollam) Chavara (Kollam)

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2004 2005 2010-12 1999-2001

Stored in memory cards and hard disk



Seasonal (Pre and post monsoon and monsoon)

3.Geological/ Seismic Observations


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Beach & Offshore sediment characteristics (Beach samples/Grab/corer/sediment trap)

Sedimentological parameters & minerology Suspended sediment Sedimentological parameters

Kerala coast and inner shelf Kollam Lakshadweep

One time observation during different years 1999-2001 &2010-12

Manually recorded Field measurement Sediment traps



Hard copy

Beach profiles Thiruvananthapuram Thrissur Kozhikode Alappuzha Ernakulam Chavara (Kollam) Chavara (Kollam) Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Alappuzha, Kozhikode and

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2004 2005 2010-12 1999-2001 Seasonal 2007-13 1980-85 In three phases

Manually recorded Field measurement


Pre and post monsoon and monsoon Monthly


Page| 89



Thalasserry Lakshadweep-Inhabited islands

during 1990-2005

Seasonal

Coastal Seismic Stations

Seismic Data Real - time 2007- till date Tsunami Early Waming Centre Website Visualisation No download facility

-

4.Ocean Observations-Satellite Data

AVHRR-NOAA AVHRR Raw Data Entire coast of India Real - time 1986-till date Non-Sensitive

AVHRR-SST Archives

SST Entire coast of India Real - time 2001-till date Non-Sensitive

OCM-1 Chlorophyll, Suspended particles

Entire coast of India - 2000-2006 Restricted; as per DoS guidelines

MODIS Chlorophyll Entire coast of India Real - time 2007- till date

Bloom indices Bloom Entire coast of India Delayed mode

Mar2010- till date

CDOM Index CDOM Entire coast of India Delayed mode

Mar2010- till date

5.Derived Satellite Products

Entire coast of India


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Potential Fishing Zone Advisories-PFZ

PFZ Advisories Entire coast of India Near Real-time mode

2003-till date

NOAA High resolution SST(AVHRR only and AVHRR+AMSR)

Daily SST and anomalies

Entire coast of India 1982 - till date

Ocean Reanalysis(GODAS-MOM)

SST Near Real Time data(older than 5days) Quick Scat forced model output Real Time data (Daily averaged) Daily SST anomalies

Entire coast of India 2012 - till date

OCM-1 data sets Chlorophyll Weekly composites

INCOIS Ground station AVHRR data sets

Sea Surface Temperature

2004 to present

6. Ocean Atmospheric Model Outputs

Regional Ocean Model System(ROMS)

SST, MLD, D20, Currents

Entire coast of India Near Real-time mode

2010- till date

Ocean State Significant Wave Entire coast of India 3hrs Ocean Significant


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Forecast Height, Wave Direction and Wave period Swell Wave Height, Director and Period

State Forecast

Wave Height, Wave Direction and Wave period Swell Wave Height, Director and Period

Tsunami Model Water levels at Coastal Forecast Points and arrival times

Entire coast of India Event based

Tsunami Model

Water levels at Coastal Forecast Points and arrival times

Storm Surge model

Surge Height Entire coast of India Event based

Storm Surge model

Surge Height

Tidal predictions Sea Level 136 locations along the Indian coast

Tidal predictions

Sea Level

7. Coastal Maps

Topographic map (1:25000 Scale) Topography-Nellore to Machilipatnam;

156 Maps

Land use maps (1:25000 Scale) Orissa, West Bengal, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Kamataka, Maharashtra.

442 Maps

Land use maps (1:50000 Scale) Andaman & 62 Maps


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Nicobar

Land use maps (1:25000 Scale) Gujarat 01 Map

Land use maps (1:50000 Scale) Gujarat, Orissa, Goa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Kamataka, Andhra Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar

399 Maps

Coral Reef Maps (1:50000 Scale) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Gujarat, Lakshadweep, Tamil Nadu.

71 Maps

Shore line change maps

(1:50000 Scale) Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Kamataka, Orissa

130 Maps

Shore line change maps

(Varying Scale) Maharashtra, Kamataka, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Kerala, Krishnapatnam Port, Bhavanapadu Harbour

Topography ALTM

(Varying Scale) Cuddalore to Nagapattinam

-

Topography (Varying Scale) Indian coast -


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Carto mainland

Coral Reef Eco (Varying Scale) Andaman and Nicobar

-

Morphology GOM, GOK and Malvan

Coastal Vulnerability Indices (CVI)

(Varying Scale) Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

Shoreline change maps

Kerala Long term erosion accretion (1969-90)

Map Archived in NCESS

Archived in ESSO- NCESS

Hard copy

Integrated Island Management Plans

Coastal and lagoonal characteristic: Spatial plans

Lakshadweep for 10 inhabited islands

One time 10 maps in different scale; Maps for different themes


One time; Prepared in 2012-13

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans

Coastal and lagoonal characteristic: Spatial plans

Lakshadweep for 10 inhabited islands

One time 10 maps in different scale; Maps for different themes


One time; Prepared in 2002-05

High Tide Line Demarcation of High Tide line (High Tide Line, Low Tide Line, CRZ, coastal Ecosystems)

Kerala coast, Coastal Zone of Thane and Sindhudurg districts of Maharashtra and the entire islands of

Maps Archived in ESSO- NCESS

Hard copy


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Lakshadweep.

Coastal Regulation Information System

Cadastral level information on High Tide Line, coastal Morphology, coastal ecosystems and CRZ categories.

Kollam in Kerala Islands of Lakshadweep.

Digital Archived in ESSO- NCESS

Coastal Erosion and Shoreline Management (SLM)

Site specific erosion, near shore measurements, modelling, monitoring and mapping at local scale covering 5-10 km

Mumambam-Kayamkulam, Panathura, Muthalapozhi, Vatanappilly, Kozhikode(Kerala)

As part of ICMAM Programme on Shoreline Management Plan

Coastal Erosion and Shoreline Management (SLM) related parameters

Specific erosion, near shore time series measurements on wave, tide, current, modelling, monitoring of shore line variation, sediment characteristics, and numerical models.

Gopalpur (Odisha), Gangavaram (AP) Ennore, Chennai, Vellar inlet (TN), Mumanbam-Kayamkulam, Panathura, Muthalapozhi, Vatanappilly, Kozhikode (Kerala), Ullal-Bengre, Karwar, Malpe, Honnavar and

2-3 season data for Each site, Monitoring for 3-5 years

Project mode

A site wide composite information needed for shore line Management and coastal protection work

Available to CWC and State Govt. as per request for Management of coastal protection

Available at ESSO-ICMAM .


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Kundapur (Kamataka) Rantagiri-Venurala (South Mah.)

Near shore Hydrodynamic data

Waves, tide and current

Kanyakumari, Chennai, Kakinada, Vishakhapattnam, Chilika, Sundarban, Kochin, Dahanu

1-2 near shore locations

2-3 seasons data

A site specific to understand the near shore hydrodynamics

Available to CWC and State Govt. as per request for coastal management.

Available at ESSO-ICMAM

Tsunami inundation maps

1:25000 scale Entire Indian mainland coastline

600Maps Part of IOTWC project


Shoreline changes along Indian coast

Change rate, identification of accreting and eroding locations in 1:25000 scales

Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh and Kamataka coast

1990, 1999,2006,2012

- 200 Maps 1990-2012

Visualization option shall be provided for public for awareness and information



Page| 96

Appendix VI

List of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in Coastal districts of India (Apr-2017)

No STATION_ID SITE_TYPE STATE DISTRICT Latitude Longitude

1 DIGILIPUR_ISRO

AWS Andaman & Nicobar

North Andaman 93.02 13.31

2 PORT_BLAIR AWS Andaman &

Nicobar South Andaman

92.72 11.67

3 AMADALAVALASA_AWS

AWS Andhra Pradesh

Srikakulam 84.67 19.12

4 ANKAPALLI_AGRO

AGRO AWS

Andhra Pradesh

Visakhapatnam 83 17.68

5 BAPATLA AWS Andhra

Pradesh Guntur 80.5 15.92

6 BHIMUNIPATTINAM

AWS Andhra Pradesh

Visakhapatnam 83.45 17.89

7 CHINTAPALLI_AGRO

AGRO AWS

Andhra Pradesh


8 DARSI AWS Andhra

Pradesh Prakasam 79.65 15.79

9 KAVALI AWS Andhra Pradesh

Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore

80 14.92

10 LAM_AGRO AGRO

WS Andhra Pradesh

Guntur 80.43 16.38

11 MARUTERU AWS Andhra

Pradesh West Godavari 81.76 16.65

12 NARSAPUR AWS Andhra Pradesh

West Godavari 81.7 16.43

13 NELLORE AWS Andhra

Pradesh Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore

80.01 14.45

14 PEDDAPURAM

AWS Andhra Pradesh

East Godavari 82.17 17.07

15 SHAR AWS Andhra Pradesh

Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore

80.22 13.7

16 VIZIANAGRAM

AWS Andhra Pradesh

Vizianagaram 83.42 18.14

17 VUYYURU AWS Andhra

Pradesh Krishna 80.84 16.38

18 YELLAMANCHILLI

AWS Andhra Pradesh


19 DAMAN_AWS AWS Daman and

Diu Daman 72.83 20.4


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20 DIU AWS Daman and

Diu Diu 70.92 20.72

21 ELA AWS Goa North Goa 73.91 15.48

22 GOA AWS Goa North Goa 73.77 15.42

23 MARMAGOA AWS Goa South Goa 73.78 15.41

24 BACHAU AGRO AWS Gujarat Kutch 70.36 23.3

25 BHUJ AWS Gujarat Kutch 69.67 23.25

26 DAHEJ AWS Gujarat Bharuch 72.55 21.73

27 DAYAPAR AWS Gujarat Kutch 68.54 23.37

28 DHARAMPUR AWS Gujarat Valsad 73.16 20.54

29 DWARKA AWS Gujarat Jamnagar 69.07 22.37

30 JAKHAU AWS Gujarat Kutch 68.6 23.25

31 JUNAGARH AGRO AWS Gujarat Junagarh 70.44 21.5

32 KANDLA AWS Gujarat Kutch 70.22 23.15

33 KODINAR AWS Gujarat Junagarh 70.68 20.8

34 KUTCH_MANDVI

AWS Gujarat Kutch 69.27 22.82

35 MAHUVA AWS Gujarat Bhavnagar 71.77 21.07

36 MAKTAMPUR AGRO AWS Gujarat Bharuch 73.01 21.68

37 NAVASARI AGRO AWS Gujarat Navasari 72.89 20.92

38 RANAVAV AWS Gujarat Porbandar 69.75 21.36

39 SURAT AWS Gujarat Surat 72.75 21.14

40 VERAVAL AWS Gujarat Junagarh 70.12 21.12

41 BRAHMAVAR AWS Karnataka Udipi 74.75 13.35

42 HONAVAR AWS Karnataka Uttara Kannada 74.46 14.28

43 MANGALORE AWS Karnataka Dakshina

Kannada 74.82 12.94

44 SIRSI AGRO AWS Karnataka Uttara Kannada 74.85 14.61

45 KAYAMKULAM

AWS Kerala Alappuzha 76.52 9.18

46 KOTTANKARA

AWS Kerala Kolam 76.72 9

47 KOZHIKODE AWS Kerala Kozhikode 75.77 11.26

48 KUDULLUR_AGRO

AGRO AWS Kerala Kasargode 74.96 12.65

49 NILAMBUR AWS Kerala Malappuram 76.23 11.28

50 PILICODE AWS Kerala Kasargode 75.17 12.2

51 TAVANUR AWS Kerala Malappuram 75 10.77

52 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

AWS Kerala Thiruvananthapuram

76.95 8.47

53 VELLANIKKARA

AGRO AWS Kerala Thrissur 76.29 10.56

54 VELLAYANI AGRO AWS Kerala Thiruvananthapuram

76.99 8.44


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55 MINICOY AWS Lakshadwee

p Minicoy 73.15 8.3

56 DAPOLI AWS Maharashtra Ratnagiri 73.18 17.75

57 DEVGAD AWS Maharashtra Sindhudurg 73.38 16.38

58 KARJAT AWS Maharashtra Raigad 73.04 18.97

59 MULDE AGRO

AWS Maharashtra Sindhudurg 73.72 16.01

60 MUMBAI_COLABA

AWS Maharashtra Mumbai 72.81 18.9

61 MUMBAI_SANTA_CRUZ


62 MURUD AWS Maharashtra Raigad 72.95 18.33

63 PALGHAR AWS Maharashtra Thane 72.76 19.73

64 RATNAGIRI AWS Maharashtra Ratnagiri 73.33 16.99

65 RIMC MUMBAI


66 THANE AWS Maharashtra Thane 72.98 19.18

67 BASUDEVPUR AWS Odisha Bhadrak 86.75 21.13

68 BERHAMPUR AWS Odisha Ganjam 84.8 19.28

69 BHADRAKH AWS Odisha Bhadrak 86.5 21.1

70 BHUBANESWAR

AGRO AWS

Odisha Khurdah 85.81 20.26

71 BRAMHAGIRI AWS Odisha Puri 85.67 19.8

72 CHANDIPUR AWS Odisha Balasore 87 21.45

73 JAGATSINGHPUR

AWS Odisha Jagatsinghpur 86.18 20.23

74 KENDRAPARA AWS Odisha Kendrapara 86.43 20.52

75 KHURDAH AWS Odisha Khurdah 85.82 20.25

76 NIMPARA AWS Odisha Puri 86.1 20.05

77 PURI AWS Odisha Puri 85.83 19.8

78 RAMBHA AWS Odisha Ganjam 85.07 19.5

79 RANITAL AGRO

AWS Odisha Bhadrak 86.57 21.13

80 KARAIKAL AWS Puducherry Kariakal 79.84 10.93

81 PUDUCHERRY AWS Puducherry Puducherry 79.83 11.95

82 ADIRAMAPATTINAM

AWS Tamil Nadu Thanjavur 79.39 10.36

83 ADUTHURAI_AGRO

AWS Tamil Nadu Thanjavur 79.5 11

84 CHENNAI AWS Tamil Nadu Chennai 80.26 13.08

85 CHIDAMBARAM

AWS Tamil Nadu Cuddalore 79.72 11.39

86 ENNORE PORT

AWS Tamil Nadu Chennai 80.35 13.26


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87 KALAVAI AWS Tamil Nadu Kanchipuram 79.46 12.81

88 KANCHIPURAM_ISRO

AWS Tamil Nadu Kanchipuram 79.7 12.83

89 KOVILPATTI AWS Tamil Nadu Thoothukudi 77.9 9.21

90 MADHAVARAM_AGRO

AGRO AWS

Tamil Nadu Chennai 80.26 13.15

91 MAILAM AWS Tamil Nadu Vellupuram 79.62 12.13

92 MEENAMBAKKAM_ISRO


93 NEYVELI AWS Tamil Nadu Cuddalore 79.55 11.62

94 NEYYOOR AWS Tamil Nadu Kanyakumari 77.29 8.19

95 PECHIPARAI_AGRO

AGRO AWS

Tamil Nadu Kanyakumari 77.31 8.44

96 RIMC CHENNAI


97 THIRUCHENDUR

AWS Tamil Nadu Thoothukudi

78.12 8.51

98 TIRUNELVELI AWS Tamil Nadu Tirunelveli 77.71 8.75

99 TUTICORIN PORT

AWS Tamil Nadu Thoothukudi

78.19 8.75

100 BARUIPUR_AGRO

AGRO AWS

West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.44 22.38

101 BASIRHAT AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.87 22.66

102 CANNING AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.67 22.26

103 KAKDWIP AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.18 21.87

104 NIMPITH AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.45 22.17

105 RAIDIGHI AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.35 21.5

106 SAGAR_ISLAND

AWS West Bengal S.24 Parganas 88.05 21.75

107 TAMLUK AWS West Bengal East Midnapur 87.92 22.28


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Appendix VII Guide lines for Coastal data collection & submission to “National Coastal Data Bank” at CWPRS, Pune Shore line Survey:

The survey should cover the length of at least 500m on both the sides of eroded area.

Cross chainage profile should be taken at an interval of 50m along the base line.

Cross chainage levels should be at 5m interval extending up to Low water line on sea side and up to habitation line or shore line i.e. the profile must extend at least 10m beyond the highest elevation reached during highest high water on shoreward side.

All levels are to be with respect to Chart Datum.

The survey should be conducted before Monsoon and after Monsoon seasons.

At least 4 geographical reference points are essential with respect to Latitude and Longitude.

The levels (cross sections are to be plotted at each cross chainage to the scale of 1:200 (on both X & Y axis).

Contour map of the site is to be plotted in the scale of 1: 1000 ( with 0.5/1m contour interval as well as to be marked with and Low water line & High water line.

Any important features, monuments, coastal features, vegetation etc. need to be marked on the plan.

Soil sample should be taken at least 50cm below the existing beach level for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon and Grain size analysis curve indicating D15, D50 & D85 is to be plotted.

Tide levels (with respect to Chart datum) like Highest High water level, Lowest Low water level, wave directions, maximum wave height, Wave period, etc. are to be noted.

Index plan & location plan of site need to cover all important features.

The above data need to be supplied in print form and in soft copy (Floppy/CD) also.

Photographs/ Video graphs of the erosion site before and after monsoon seasons covering severity of erosion, breaking of waves, other important features of the site need to be taken and submit photo in JPEG/BMP format & video in MPEG format.

Field data may be collected continuously over a period of 5 years or more.


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Annexure-1 CHECK LIST FOR SUBMISSION OF COASTAL FIELD DATA

1. Previous project report by any other Institution available ( if so attach) Yes/No

2. Brief Note attached Yes/No

3. Index plan attached Yes/No

4. Location plan attached Yes/No

5. Tidal data enclosed Yes/No

6. Current data enclosed Yes/No

7. Wave data enclosed Yes/No

8. Base line of site is fixed with at least two or three permanent references and marked on plan

Yes/No

9. Whether levels are w.r.t. Chart Datum Yes/No

10. Four Geographical reference points (Lat./Long) marked on plan Yes/No

11. Cross – section of beach profiles at 50m interval along base line with 5m interval along cross chainage upto LWL taken and plotted.

Yes/No

12. Contour plan in 1:1000 scale Yes/No

13. Cross sections for each cross chainage plotted on 1:200 scale (X,Y, direction)

Yes/No

14. Grain size analysis curve is enclosed Yes/No

15. Information on proposal for Coastal protection

Strengthening of existing bund/New proposal

16. Information about construction equipment, cranes, etc. enclosed Yes/No

17. Information regarding stone availability, type of armour preferred enclosed

Yes/No

18. Any other information enclosed Yes/No

19. Any photographs attached in JPEG/BMP format on CD media Yes/No

20. Any videography attached in MPEG format on CD media Yes/No


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Annexure – II BRIEF NOTE (Enclosure along with Field data submitted to National Coastal Data Bank at CWPRS, Pune)

Sl.No. Description Information

1 Field data of------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Village, Taluka, Dist., State)

Pre monsoon/Post monsoon

2

Responsible agency for site

DIV.

Circle

Dept.

3 Date of collecting data (dd/mm/yyy)

4 Tidal data (m) HTL: LTL:

HFL: Storm surge:

5 Current Data Max. currents ( m/sec.):

Direction (Degree) :

6 Wave Period (sec.)

7 Wave Height (m) Max.:

Min. :

8 Type of Bed material D85---mm

D50--mm

D15---mm

9 Bed Slope (e.g. 1:100 etc.)

10 Importance of the area Habitation/Fishing/Tourism/Inland transport or-----------------------------------------

11 Nearby any creek, Lagoons, Estuary, River etc. (please brief any effect on coast)

12

Any erosion/accretion observed (if so indicate degree of severity and compare with previous data)

Approximate Area affected:

Quantity of sand/ Levels depressed:

13 Any proposal for protection- if so describe in brief

(Strengthening of existing bund/New proposal)

Length: Design by: Type of Amour: Project Cost: Other:

14 Agency of funding Central/State/NGO/Private

15 Information regarding availability of construction equipment & accessibility to site

16 Information regarding availability of stones

Type: Density: Max. Wt. (Ton.):

17 Any other relevant information


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Annexure – III

INFORMATION REGARDING PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

Protective Structures or Structures Already existing

Levels W.R.T. Bench mark in m

Plantation Per year

Wave height /Period

Wave Direction

Cost/m

Remarks

BED TOE

CREST

Break water/ Groyne/ Seawall

+0.5 +2.5 +4.5 Nil or 100m Along the length of beach Planted (Casurina or Mylly trees)

About 1m wave during Non-Monsoon or 2-3m waves during calm weather Wave period-8 to 10 Sec type of breaking-Plunging/ Collapsing/surging

North-East in Nov and December, while South-West in remaining months

Rs.20,000 Per m

1.Section of Tetrapods or Stones required 2. Toe stones damaged or settled etc. 3. Stones upto 3t are available for lifting the stones etc.


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Annexure-IV INFORMATION ABOUT EROSION SITE WHERE STRUCTURE IS TO BE CONSTRUCTED

Annexure-V

LO

CA

TIO

N EROSION BEACH SLOPES

IMP

OR

TA

NT

FE

AT

UT

RE

S ONSHORE-OFFSHORE OR ALONG SHORE SEDIMENT/ SAND MONEMENT

DE

TA

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OF

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OS

ION

SIZE OF BEACH MATE-RIAL D15, D50, D85 IN mm W

AV

E

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IGH

T/

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OR

AB

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E H

WL

HW

L T

O L

WL

BE

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W L

WL

SOUTH OF JETTY

PHOTO TAKEN (RATE OF EROSION>5m PER YEAR

>2m And <5m PER YEAR

<2m PER YEAR

1:5 1:15 VERY FLAT (1:200) OR VERY STEEP

SOME TREES AND HOUSES DAMAGED

ONSHORE-OFFSHORE

e.g; 600m LENGTH OF BEACH ERODED DURING LAST MONSOON (1998) OR 5m WIDTH LOST IN MONSOON 1998

ABOUT 2m TO2.5m BREAKING TZ=10SEC.


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OBSERVATIONS FOR TIDE LEVELS NAME OF STATE: DETAILS OF TIDE GAUGE LOCAL DATUM: NAME OF COASTAL DISTRICT: CHART DATUM: NAME OF PLACE: MONTH & YEAR:

DATE/TIME 0100 0200----- 1000----- 1500---- 2000------- High water Low water Daily

Time level Time level M.S.L

1

2

.

.

. 10

.

.

.

31


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Annexure-VI OBSERVATIONS FOR CURRENTS

NAME OF STATE: DETAILS OF CURRENT METER: NAME OF COASTAL DISTRICT: DETAILS OF TRACK: NAME OF PLACE: MONTH & YEAR:

SR.NO. DATE TIME TIDE LEVEL IN m

DEPTH FLOAT TRACK OBSERVATIONS CURRENT OBSERVATIONS

PLACE OF INCREASE OF FLOAT

TIME OF OBSR.

DIST. TRAVEL

AV. VEL. IN m/sec

WIND DIRCT

WIND VEL IN m/sec

SPEED IN M/SEC

DIRECTION (DEG. North)

1

2

3


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Annexure-VII OBSERVATIONS FOR WAVE HEIGHT

NAME OF STATE: NAME OF COASTAL DISTRICT: NAME OF PLACE: MONTH & YEAR:

DATE

TIME

DIRECTION OF WIND (Degrees)

DIRECTION OF WAVE (Degrees)

HEIGHT OF WAVE (Degrees)

PERIOD OF WAVE (Degrees)

TYPE OF WAVE BREAKING


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Annexure-VIII


Page| 110

Appendix VIII

Formats for Coastal Data Collection by Coastal Engineering Field Studies, Thrissur (Kerala)

Name of Sub division Office: Name of Section Office:

Periodical Measurement of Shoreline changes for Month………

Sl.No Date of Measurement

C.P.No. 1* 2** 3*** Location Remarks

1* - Distance from C.P stone to seawall in meter 2** - Distance from C.P stone/ seawall to wave mark or scrap line in meter. 3*** - Remarks:- W-Wave mark. S-Scrap line, NB-No Beach. *-C.P Stone Missing (Temporary CP). **-Alignment Stone missing, H-Harbour.


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II) FORMAT FOR SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION DATA COLLECTING ON ALL NEW MOON DAYS

COASTAL INSPECTION REPORT

Name of officer Date

Village/Town District 9.00AM 12.30PM 10AM 11.45AM 11AM

A.I Sea (Visual Observations)

1) State of the sea

2) Waves a)Direction from SW/W/NW/SSW/WSW/WNW/NNW

Whole circle bearing

b) Height (Approx.) in M

c) Period (Approx.) secs. (based on 10 consecutive waves)

3) Tide a) High/Low/Slack

b)Rising/Falling

4) Littoral Drift: Direction towards: North/South

5) Velocity of Littoral Current M/sec (based on float observation for 5 minutes)

II. Wind Direction from: N/S/E/W

B.I. Coast Eroding/Accreting/Stable

II. Beach:

1) Width of Beach: backshore +foreshore (in meter)

2) Erosion/Accretion is temporary/Permanent

3) Surface material

a) Backshore: Clay/Sand/Mineral sand /Shingle Laterite/Rock

F/M/C

b) Foreshore: Clay/Sand/Mineral sand /Shingle Laterite/Rock

F/M/C

4) Foreshore

a) Scrap line visible (Yes/No)

b) Eroding/Accreting/Stable

c) Distance of scrap/Berm crest from Reference point (in meter)

d) Slope of foreshore 1/…..

5) Distance of scrap/Seawall to nearest line of coconut trees

6) Age of oldest coconut tree

7) Distance to line of oldest coconut trees and age


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8) Age of old coconut tree

9) Is the beach affected by coastal constructions in the vicinity(Yes/No)

10) Shore alignment: Whole circle bearing (in degrees)

11) Beach cusps: Y/N

Distance between cusps: ……. m

Distance perpendicular to shore between trough and crest …… m

C. Protective Works

1) Is the Coast protects structures Y/N

2) Type of protection Seawall/groynes Seawall & Groyne System

a) Seawall: Top elevation……. m above MSL

Seaward slope: I in…….

Year of construction 20…….

Damages: negligible/perceptible; sunk/ breached

b) Seawall & Groyne system: Original length of groyne……. m

Present length of groynes……. m

Spacing groynes……. m

Compartments: Filled/partially filled/not filled/depleted

3) Is there a beach forming the seawall/groyne/seawall & groyne system Yes/No

4) Does the beach behind the protective work appear to be stable now Y/N

5) Is the material behind the landward edge of seawall seen washed off Y/N

If Yes, is it due to

a) Overtopping

b) Passage through seawall

c) Any other cause

D. Dunes

1) Are there sand dunes/berms/both berms and dunes on the beach Y/N

2) Is the sand in the backshore protected by vegetation Y/N

E. Water Table

1) During Monsoon……. m

2) During……. m


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F. Coastal inlets

1) Is there a coastal inlet near the locality

a) If yes a) to the North/South

b) Distance……………….km

c) The inlet is an Azhi/Pozhi

Artificial/Natural/Perennial

Controlled/Uncontrolled

d) If Pozhi Open/closed at time of inspection

e) Name of river discharging through the inlet.

G. Mud Bank

1) Is the place influenced by mud Banks Yes/No

2) The mud bank is permanent/temporary/Perennial/Seasonal Y/N

3) Is the beach accreting Y/N

4) Distance from nearest Mud bank……. m North /South

H. Information collected by Local Enquires

1) Distance of land eroded/built up……. m

2) Number of years in which this has happened

3) Seasonal fluctuation of coast line

4) Are there coastal constructions Yes/No

5) Nearest mud bank……. km North/South At……. …….

Joint Director Deputy Director Assistant Director


Page| 114

Appendix IX Specifications of selected equipment for Coastal Data Collection 1. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) with software for data analysis-

Technical Specifications : Description

Specifications

1. Sensor

Stream Velocity Accuracy 1% of measured value ± 0.005 m/s

Resolution < 0.001 m/s

Ping interval < 0.1s

Configuration Minimum 4 beams

Beam angle > 20º - 30º

Acoustic frequency 1000 kHz or Higher possible frequency for adequate bottom tracking at depths of Minimum 30 m in fast flowing, sediment laden waters

Number of depth cells Programmable, 1 to 200 (Minimum)

Depth cell (bin) size Programmable, minimum of 0.25 m

2. Bottom tracking

Accuracy 1 cm/s @ 5m/s

Stream velocity range Same as of ADCP

Depth range 1m to 20m or more

3. Tilt Sensor

Range -20º to + 20º, both X and Y axis

Accuracy ± 2º

4. Compass

Type In-built flux gate

Accuracy ± 5º

Repeatability 0.2ºc`

Resolution 0.1º

Permissible tilt ± 15º

5. Auxiliary

Internal memory Two PCMCIA card slots, One memory card included

Communication interface Serial RS 232C at PC end. The communication between ADCP and PC shall have suitable cable lengths. Bluetooth/ Wi-fi connectivity is preferable.

Baud rate 9600 BPS or more

Power supply 220 VAC ± 25%; 47 to 53 Hz: 10 to 15 VDC or 20 to 30 VDC

Housing Corrosion proof, sturdy and robust

Ingress protection Waterproof, compliant with IP66 or more, 20 m

Operating temperature 5 to 45ºC (The operating temperature range specification applies to all Components of the


Page| 115

ADCP, like sensor head, cable, interfaces etc.)

Humidity Up to 100%

Software Software required for data Processing

OGC Compliance Certification required

Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item. 2. Current Meter-


Specifications

Speed

Type High Impact Styrene Impeller

Pitch Range 0.03 to 5m/s

Accuracy ±1.5% of reading above 0.15m/s

Direction

Type Flux gate compass

Range 0 to 360°

Accuracy ± 2.5°

Resolution 0.5°

Temperature

Type Thermistor

Range -5 to 35°C

Accuracy ± 0.2°C

Resolution 0.01°C

Pressure

Type Strain gauge Transducer

Range 1 to 100 dBar

Accuracy ± 0.2% Range

Resolution 0.025% Range

Power

Internal Minimum 30 days required

External For external supply, 12-20v DC is required.



Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item. 3. Tide Gauge with software for data analysis-

Type of equipment Water Level Meters (Incorporating pressure gauge)

Measuring Range Upto 20 mtrs

Resolution Better than ± 5 mm

Averaging Period Selectable from 5-60 seconds


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Working Temperature -5°C to +50°C

Relative Humidity 0-100%

Internal Memory Recording should be done in internal memory upto 2 calendar year of autonomous operation at five minutes recording interval.

Recording Type Self-recording

Frequency Range 458.5 – 458.9 MHz

Data output USB/RS 232 and Bluetooth.

Software Software to be window based for instrument set up, data extraction and display, configure measurement sensor and program the data logging

Hardware A suitable mounting of anti-corrosive high grade stainless steel for mounting the measurement sensor along with the structure.

Power Supply 220V AC (50/60HZ) and 10-24 V DC


4. Weather Station-


Specifications

Data Logger

Analog Channel Analog data input -16 with auto Ranging /compatible to adjust all given sensors

Digital Channel Frequency Type: 04 Channel, Counter Type: 02 Channel and the facility to convert counter channels to frequency channels & vice versa should be provided.

Data Storage in built facility to store minimum 15 lakh data records & facility with download the stored data on a flash /USB card

Battery & Charging System Solar panel is required for continuous recharge the batteries. A suitable in-built charge controller having over and under voltage protection should be provided in the DCP. The capacity of the Solar panel should be such that the battery can be charged with 30% to 50% sunshine

Environmental Compatibility Operating & Storing temp. -20°C to 50°C;humidity- 10-100%; wind speed - up to 50m/s


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Data transmission Compatibility Compatible with V-Sat for transmission the data from remote location to NCAOR, Goa

Air Temperature

Measurement Range -40° to 50°C (Storage Temperature( -50oC to 50oC)

Accuracy ±0.1°C with standard configuration settings

Relative Humidity

Measurement Range 0 to 100% RH, non-condensing

Accuracy ±1.0% RH with standard configuration settings

Wind Speed

Measurement Range 0 to 100 m/s

Accuracy ±0.3 m/s or not more than 1% of reading

Operating Temperature -40° to 50°C

Wind Direction

Measurement Range 0 to 360°

Accuracy ±4°

Operating Temperature -40° to 50°C

Net Radiometer (four component)

Pyranometer Spectral Response 310 to 2800 nm

Pyrgeometer Spectral Response 4.5 to 42 μm

Operating temperature -40° to 50°C

Uncertaintity in Daily total Pyranometer: < 5% & Pyrgeometer: < 10%

Tilt error not more than 1.5%

Precipitation Sensor

Measurement Type liquid, solid and mixed(snow, rain & mixed)

Measurement Range 0-1000 mm


Accuracy ± 0.1 mm or ±1% of measured value

Infrared Radiometer

Response time < 1 s to changes in target temperature


Operating RH 0 to 100%

Accuracy ±0.2°C (-10oC to +50oC)

Power Supply Vendor will provide power budget calculations and A suitable in-built charge controller having over and under voltage protection should be provided in Data Logger. The AWS sites will be charged with the Solar Panel

Software Compatible and updated (latest) software to work on, activating all the sensors to generate the data including update, download and process the collected data


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Tower/Mast Galvanized stainless steel material withstand in extreme harsh climate at Himalaya (altitude >5000m) 1. Tower - 10m height 2. Tripod – 3/5m compatible to install all sensors Good quality cable with required length for all sensors& it should withstand in given operating temperature of(-40°C to +50°C )

Enclosure Box Weather proof enclosure suitable for data logger with a power supply and one or more, non-Corrosive, white with UV stabilized including cable entry options


Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item. 5. Sieve Shaker -


Specifications

Sieve Shaker Balance with sensitivity 3Kg0,1gms: Digital with rechargeable battery

IS sieve set G.I frame 30 cm dia size 4.75, 2.36, 1.18, 600micron, 300micron, 150micron. with lid receiver: 300 mm dia (GI sheet frames) set, sizes 4.75,2.36,1.18,600micron,300micron,150micron mm with lid receiver(include full set)

Cube mould 150 mm: Made of cast iron as per IS: specifications

Sieve shaker (motorized): 1. C.I body 2. Can accommodate 7 nos. sieves of 200 mm dia 3. Adjustable top clamping plate to hold the sieves 4. Shaker must have inclined sieve table with a gyratory motion in addition to up & down jolting action. 5. The operating gear assembly should be enclosed in an oil bath filled with a transparent oil level indicating window 6. Suitable for operation on 220 V, 50 Hz, single phase supply. 7. Time switch adjustable from 0-60 minutes



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6. CTD


Specifications

Logger

Power Supply Internal / external Battery

Communication USB

Housing Material Up to 350m

Storage Memory more than 100 mb

Sampling Period Variable sampling period (1 s to 24 Hrs)

Sampling rate 4 Hz

Software Windows Compatible software to view and present all parameters data output shall be supplied. Provision to export the data to MAT LAB for further analysis should be available.

Conductivity

Measurement range 0 to 70mS/cm

Accuracy ±0.01 mS/cm at 35psu 15°C

Resolution ~1 μS/cm (marine)

Time constant <150ms set by flow through cell

Temperature

Measurement range -5°C to 35°C

Accuracy ±0.01°

Resolution <0.001°C

Time Constant <150 ms

Depth

Measurement Range 1m to 50m Depth

Accuracy ±0.1% full scale

Resolution <0.002% full scale

Time constant <0.01s

Dissolved Oxygen (Optional Sensors)

Measurement Range 0 to 120%

Accuracy ±3% O2 saturation (5°C to 25°C)

Resolution 0.5% of saturation

PH (Optional Sensors)

Measurement Range 2 to 13 pH

Accuracy +/- 0.03

Turbidity (Optional Sensors)

Range 0 to 1000 FTU (NTU)

Accuracy +/- 2%



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Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item. 7. Directional wave reocorded


Specifications

1. Sensor

Type Radar Based 3 Sensor to Measure Wave Direction, Height, & Period

Material Stainless Steel

Power 24 VDC to 64 VDC

Frequency 10Ghz (X Band)

Temperature -30°C to +40°C

Humidity 0 – 100%

Protection IP67

2.Wave Height

Range 0 to 20 Meter or better

Accuracy ± 1 Centimeter

Interval 1 Min or better

Processing Standard Wave Analysis Program

3.Wave Period

Range 1 – 50 Seconds or better

Accuracy ± 50 ms



4.Wave Direction

Range 0° to 360°

Accuracy ± 1°

Period 1.6 – 50 Seconds



5. Processing Unit

Protection IP67

Communication RS485, RS232, LAN, USB

Temperature -20° to 65° C

Power DC supply

6. Software Software of Processing Wave Height & Tide


Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item.


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8. Echo Sounder with data logger and GPS

Description: Procuring a hydrographic survey system based on single beam technology, dual frequency for the purpose of bathymetry survey.

Technical specification: Equipment integrating a GPS receiver, echo sounder(s) with water temperature velocity correction, and optional real time correction data. Power consumption – Minimum 7.2 watts Internal/External battery – high capacity rechargeable (Minimum 10 hours) Echo sounder specifications: Depth range – 200 kHz up to 100m 30 kHz up to 100m Maximum ping rate – 6 Hertz Accuracy – 1 cm ±0.1% of depth Resolution – 1 cm Transducer – dual 200/30 kHz, less than 10° beam width @-3dB


Note: Mounting frame / arrangements should be specified or supplied as an optional item. 9. Total Station with build-in GPS


Specifications

ANGLE MEASUREMENT Angle Display (Least Count)

0.5" or better

Angle Accuracy 1"

Telescopic Magnification 30X or better

Field in view 1° 30” (2.7 m at 100m)

Minimum Focusing Distance 1.7 m or better

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT MODE

With Prism and Non-Prism measurement

Using Long Range EDM Minimum 4.0 Km with single prism

Accuracy 1 mm + 2ppm

Least Count 0.1 mm

Without prism range ( Reflector less)

Minimum 800 m

Accuracy Reflector less +/-2mm+2ppm

Measuring Interval 0.5 sec


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ANGLE MEASUREMENT Method

Absolute Encoders

Motorized Should have motorized movements to stake out points.

Rotation Speed Should be more than 40 Degree Per Second

Automatic Target Aiming Should have Auto Target Recognition for a distance of 1000 m or better

Target Lock Should have facility to lock to targets for Robotic Survey for a range of800 meters

Prism Search Should have facility to automatically search the prism

Imaging and Robotic Survey

Robotic Controllers The controllers with full VGA display and internal Radio, having processing speed of 500 Mhz, 512 MB RAM and 1 GB of flash should be supplied for Robotic Survey from prism position with functionality to controller entire system over a radio link

Robotic Camera The controllers should have inbuilt camera.

Robotic accessories Complete accessories for Robotic survey like 360 Degree passive prisms and pole holders should be offered. Should have facility to mount the GNSS Antenna directly on 360 Degree Prism and TPS.

Measurement time – Fine Mode 1.5 Sec or better

Instrument Memory Internal Memory of 1 GB , External SD Card with total memory storage capacity of 4 GB or better

Internal Battery Rechargeable batteries with minimum working time 9.0 hrs battery.

Dust & water Protection IP55

Data Downloading From suitable data storage device to computer. Facility to connect USB drive (pen drive)

Onboard Software Software should be at least able to support data collection, feature coding, and traverse adjustment

Data downloading Survey Software in original

Software capable of generating at least- Area & line Support for DXF files/text files/xml

Mounting Prism with GPS - rover mount

Measurement mode Provision for Auto measurement (for continuous monitoring)


10. RTK Beach Profiler

Technical Specifications: Description

Specifications


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Satellite Tracking GPS L1, L2 & L5, GLONASS L1 & L2, SBAS, BeiDou, Galileo, QZSS, IRNSS

No of Channels >200 Channels

Measuring Modes Static, Kinematic, Real time (RTK) with GPRS Module.

Accuracy:

Static Performance:

Horizontal accuracy 3 mm + 0.1 ppm (Post processing mode)

Vertical accuracy 3.5 mm + 0.4 ppm (Post processing mode)

Ports One serial port for hand held device, One serial port for external radio/ modem, external power port, network and Bluetooth.

RTK Internal GSM / GPRS and 2W UHF Modem for connection to real time networks

Operating temperature for all major components

-50 C to +550 C

Storage temperature for all major components

-300 C to +700 C

Position update Rate 20Hz or better CMR+, RTCM

Memory 1 GB or better internal memory and expandable up to 32 GB through SD card

Battery & Chargers Li-Ion / NIMH, Hot Swappable preferable with appropriate dual chargers.

Water and Dust Proof IP67

Controller

Operating System Hand held controller with windows mobile operating system.

Display VGA colour display with TFT COLOR, LED back light

Keys Hard keys with Alphanumeric keypad

Integrated Bluetooth, One serial Port or Connecting Receiver



11. Life Saving Equipments

Equipment

Rescue Marine Life Saving Equipment At Sea , Adult Life Jackets Warming Suit

Prepared with a survival plan, escape boat

Mooring Buoy Plastic Life Floats Life Saving Equipment On Ship

Safety Shoes

Life Jackets


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Splendor Molded Sole Boot

Safety Vests

Line Throwing Devices & Accessories

Lifebuoys

Signal Flares

Marine Hand Held Radios

12. Sea Sled


Specifications

Components Water Jet Bike mounted with single beam echo sounder, GPS, Laptop and waterproof housing for laptop.

Engine 4-stroke, 4-cylinder

Cylinder capacity 1000cc or better

Ignition Electronic

Battery Capacity 12V, 19A

Charging System Flywheel

Engine Oil quantity 4.3 L or better

Passengers Minimum 2 people

Fuel Tank Capacity 40L or more


Page| 125

Appendix X List of Ports included for publication in INDIAN TIDE TABLE

INDIAN RESPONSIBILITY EXCHANGE BASIS

Indian Ports Foreign Ports

(1) Beypore (1) Aden Yemen

(2) Bhavnagar (2) Shatt-al-Arab Iraq

(3) Cochin (3) Dar -es – Salaam Tanzania

(4) Chandbali (4) Devonport U.K.

(5) Chennai (5) Liverpool U.K.

(6) Diamond Harbour (6) London Bridge U.K.

(7) Gangra (7) Southampton U.K.

(8) Garden Reach (8) Tees River Entrance U.K.

(9) Haldia (9) Gibraltar Spain

(10) Kandla (10) Do-Son Vietnam

(11) Karwar (11) Cap St. Jaques(Vungtau) Vietnam

(12) Kakinada (12) Tanjung Gelang Malaysia

(13) Mangalore (13) Pinang Malaysia

(14) Marmagao (14) Port Dickson Malaysia

(15) Mayapur (15) Klang Malaysia

(16) Minicoy (16) Sandakan Malaysia

(17) Mumbai (17) Tanjong Pagar Singapore

(18) Nagappattinam (18) Sembawang Shipyard Singapore

(19) Navlakhi (19) Hong Kong China

(20) Okha (20) Shanghai (Wusong Kou) China

(21) Paradip (21) Tianjin Xingang China

(22) Porbandar (22) Chemulpho Inch’on Korea

(23) Pamban Pass (23) Bremen Germany

(24) Port Blair (24) Bremerhaven Germany

(25) Pipavav Bandar (25) Cuxhaven Germany

(26) Sagar (26) Hamburg Germany

(27) Shortt’s Island (27) Simonoseki Japan

(28) Tuticorin (28) Yokohama Japan

(29) Veraval (29) Cape Town S. Africa

(30) Visakhapatnam (30) Durban S. Africa

Foreign Ports (31) Cebu Philippine

(1) Akyab Myanmar (32) Manila Philippine

(2) Amherst Myanmar

(3) Bassein Myanmar

(4) Diamond Island Myanmar

(5) Elephant Point Myanmar

(6) Moulmein Myanmar

(7) Mergui Myanmar


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(8) Yangon Myanmar

(9) Colombo Sri Lanka

(10) Galle Sri Lanka

(11) Trincomalee Sri Lanka

(12) Bushire Iran

(13) Suez Egypt

(14) Muscat Oman

Draft Report of Sub-committee of 7 Coastal Protection and ...old.cwc.gov.in/CPDAC-Website/Sub-committee Meeting...PFZ Potential Fishing Zone PMC Project Monitoring Committee Ppt Parts

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