DRAFT OF PROGRAMME STANDARDS: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Edited as at 4 th September 2018 This set of Programme Standards has been prepared to enhance the development of academic programmes in Occupational Safety and Health and to ensure the quality of graduates. With this document, higher education providers will be able to provide quality education in Occupational Safety and Health.
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DRAFT OF PROGRAMME
STANDARDS:
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH
Edited as at 4th September 2018
This set of Programme Standards has been prepared to enhance the development
of academic programmes in Occupational Safety and Health and to ensure the
quality of graduates. With this document, higher education providers will be able to
provide quality education in Occupational Safety and Health.
Programme Standards: Occupational Safety and Health
This document specifies the minimum requirements of the programme. HEPs are encouraged
to go beyond the basic minimum where they should be innovative in terms of customising,
organising, delivering and assessing their programmes and specific subject matters to meet
the current and future needs of the industry, society and country, and with the ethical
responsibilities for the HEP and the students to be engaged towards the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG). Hence, HEPs must take cognisance of the rapidly evolving subject
matter and introduce effective and sustainable programme improvements.
The document aims to provide minimum requirements on the development and conduct of
different levels of OSH programmes within the core areas described. Hence, the document
must be read together with other quality assurance documents and policies issued by MQA
and other related agencies, including but not limited to the following:
i) The Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) 2nd Edition
ii) The Code of Practice for Institutional Audit (COPIA)
iii) The Code of Practice for Programme Accreditation (COPPA) 2nd Edition
iv) The Code of Practice for Open Distance Learning (COPPA: ODL) 2nd Edition
v) The Code of Practice for TVET Programme Accreditation (COPTPA) 2nd Edition
vi) Relevant Standards
vii) Relevant Guidelines to Good Practices (GGP)
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2. PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY
2.1 PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
The programme educational objectives (PEOs) are broad statements describing the career
and professional accomplishments the programme prepares graduates to achieve after they
graduated.
“The quality of a programme is ultimately assessed by the ability of its graduates to carry out
their expected roles and responsibilities in society. This requires the programme to have a
clear statement of the competencies that is the practical, intellectual and soft skills that are
expected to be achieved by the students at the end of the programme" (COPPA 2nd Edition,
2017).
A guidance of the PEO are provided under each level of study from certificate to doctoral level.
The flexibility in describing the PEOs remains with the Higher Education Providers
(HEPs), provided that the PEOs are consistent with the vision and mission of the hep.
The PEOs of each qualification level are outlined below.
Table 2.1 : PEOs of each level of qualification
MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATIONS
FRAMEWORK (MQF) LEVEL
PEO 1 PEO 2 PEO 3 PEO 4
CERTIFICATE (Level 3,)
Describe and apply relevant knowledge and demonstrate basic technical skills in OSH.
Participate in leading, interacting and communicating with peers and stakeholders while conforming to ethical practices with orientation towards sustainable development goals (SDG).
Recognise and able to explain the relevant digital technology and associated numerical techniques that can be applied to OSH.
Acknowledge the need for lifelong learning and entrepreneurship for career development.
DIPLOMA (Level 4, MQF)
Discuss and apply relevant and related principles and concepts while
Cooperate positively in leading, interacting and communicating
Operate with innovation and creativity, including the use of,
Respond to the need for lifelong learning and entrepreneurship skills for
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MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATIONS
FRAMEWORK (MQF) LEVEL
PEO 1 PEO 2 PEO 3 PEO 4
demonstrating technical skills in OSH.
with peers and stakeholders while conforming to ethical practices with orientation towards sustainable development goals (SDG).
relevant and related digital technology together with the necessary numerical techniques in OSH.
successful career development/ study.
BACHELOR’S DEGREE (Level 6, MQF)
Analyse and relate broad knowledge of OSH concepts and principles, incorporating technical skills in OSH practices.
Commit to take responsibility and deliver assigned tasks when leading, interacting and communicating with peers and stakeholders while ensuring ethical practices and oriented towards SDG.
Demonstrate technical competency in innovative and creative use of digital technology and numerical techniques in OSH.
Commit to life- long learning and exhibit entrepreneurial skills for academic and career advancement in relevant industries.
MASTER’S DEGREE (Level 7, MQF)
Compare and integrate the in-depth knowledge of practise / research in the relevant fields of OSH.
Adapt to relevant issues and challenges in leading, interacting and communicating with peers and stakeholders while ensuring ethical practices and oriented towards SDG.
Manage and adapt proficiently a wide range of digital technologies together with the necessary numerical techniques in providing an innovative solution to the industry.
Organise resources for life-long learning and adapt skills, leveraging on innovation for entrepreneurship, towards a successful academic and career advancement in relevant industries.
DOCTORAL DEGREE (Level 8, MQF)
Verify and create solutions to issues with in-depth knowledge of practise / research in the relevant fields of OSH.
Explicate the issues and areas in OSH with confidence and assertiveness when leading and engaging stakeholders while ensuring
Design and create novel solutions leveraging on the current digital technologies and numerical techniques
Advocate life-long learning and support entrepreneurship in enhancing the profession and industry.
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MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATIONS
FRAMEWORK (MQF) LEVEL
PEO 1 PEO 2 PEO 3 PEO 4
ethical practices with orientation towards SDG.
when solving new problems related to academia and/or industry.
2.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Learning outcomes are detailed statements describing in explicit terms the achievement of
learners. Assessment of the learners to be done upon completion of a period of study.
“A programme is designed and delivered to facilitate the attainment of a set of desired learning
outcomes. It starts with a clear definition of the intended outcomes that students are to achieve
by the end of the programme and supported by appropriate instructional approaches and
assessment mechanisms” (COPPA 2nd Edition, 2017).
The learning outcomes in OSH fields should cumulatively reflect the five clusters1 of
learning outcomes meant to develop well-balanced individuals with a holistic set of
competencies.
The five clusters of learning outcomes are:
i. Knowledge and Understanding;
ii. Cognitive Skills;
iii. Functional Work Skills with a focus on:
a. Practical Skills
b. Interpersonal Skills
c. Communication Skills
d. Digital Skills
e. Numeracy Skills
f. Leadership, Autonomy and Responsibility
iv. Personal and Entrepreneurial Skills; and
v. Ethics and Professionalism.
Table 2.1 shows the mappings of learning outcomes based on MQF learning outcomes for
OSH field. The flexibility in describing the learning outcomes remains with the Higher
Education Providers (HEPs) as long as they are sufficiently covered.
Table 2.2 : Learning Outcomes (LO) for OSH mapped against MQF LOs
CERTIFICATE (Level 3, MQF)
Upon successfully completing the programme, graduates will be able to…
Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO)
Kn
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Un
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ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
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on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Describe relevant principles, concepts and theories in OSH.
√
2. Apply basic OSH knowledge to solve routine and non-routine problems in different departments/ sections in workplace.
√
3. Perform mainly OSH tasks/operations that are routine at workplace.
√
4. Express ideas through basic written and oral communication as well as exhibit collaborative skills.
√ √
5. Demonstrate relevant digital skills for activities related to work/study.
√
6. Interpret basic numerical data and graphical representations related to OSH operations.
√
7. Assume leadership and responsibility while conforming to ethical and professional practices when undertaking OSH operations at all levels.
√ √
8. Show desire in self-improvement for academic and career development.
√
9. Participate in activities related to entrepreneurship.
√
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DIPLOMA (Level 4, MQF)
Upon successfully completing the programme, graduates will be able to…
PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Describe relevant and related principles, concepts and theories in OSH.
√
2. Apply OSH knowledge to solve routine and non-routine problems in different departments/sections in workplace.
√
3. Perform OSH tasks/operations that are routine and non-routine at workplace.
√
4. Assume responsibility when interacting, communicating and collaborating either individually or as member of OSH team with internal and external stakeholders.
√ √
5. Demonstrate digital skills in using a range of digital platforms/applications to support activities related to work/study.
√
6. Apply numeracy and graphical skills related to OSH applications.
√
7. Adopt good qualities of leadership and work autonomously to carry out responsibility for routine and non-routine OSH tasks
√
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PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
8. Show initiative in self-improvement for academic and career development.
√
9. Explore and engage in activities relating to entrepreneurship.
√
10. Comply with organizational and professional ethics in OSH work environment.
√
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BACHELOR (Level 6, MQF)
Upon successfully completing the programme, graduates will be able to…
PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Relate/Connect and explain knowledge in OSH at workplace.
√
2. Assess and analyse issues and conduct research on OSH in workplace.
√ √
3. Interpret, analyse, synthesis and apply evidence-based scientific principles in discussing ideas of preventive and corrective measures in OSH.
√
4. Educate and train employees, employers and other interested parties on OSH.
√
5. Adhere to the legal, ethical principles and the professional code of conduct in OSH.
√
6. Utilise digital applications and information management system to enhance their OSH practices as well as to seek and process data related to work.
√
7. Demonstrate skills to use and interpret routine and complex numerical and graphical/visual OSH data.
√
8. Assume responsibility in leadership, communication and interaction in carrying out routine and non-routine OSH task.
√
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PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
9. Select self-improvement initiatives and possibilities for further education and possibilities for further education related to OSH.
√
10. Explore and engage in activities relating to entrepreneurship.
√
11. Show commitment in complying with organizational and professional ethics in OSH work environment.
√
12. Assume responsibility when collaborating with other OSH related professionals.
√
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MASTERS (Level 7, MQF)
Upon successfully completing the programme, graduates will be able to…
PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Demonstrate mastery of knowledge in OSH.
√
2. Appraise and summarise ideas and societal issues related to OSH.
√
3. Demonstrate practical skills with confidence in OSH.
√
4. Conduct research with minimal supervision and adhere to legal, ethical and professional codes of practice.
√ √
5. Assume responsibility in leading, communicating and working effectively with peers and stakeholders.
√ √
6. Utilise latest digital and numerical tools in solving issues and handling numerical and graphical data related to OSH practices.
√ √
7. Demonstrate commitment to continuing professional development for academic and career advancement and entrepreneurial mind-set in OSH applications.
√ √
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DOCTORAL (Level 8, MQF)
Upon successfully completing the programme, graduates will be able to…
PLO
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Un
de
rsta
nd
ing
Co
gn
itiv
e S
kills
Pra
cti
cal S
kills
Inte
rpers
on
al S
kills
Co
mm
un
icati
on
Skills
Dig
ital S
kills
Nu
mera
cy S
kills
Le
ad
ers
hip
, A
uto
no
my &
Resp
on
sib
ilit
y
Pers
on
al S
kills
En
trep
ren
eu
rial S
kills
Eth
ics &
Pro
fessio
nali
sm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Synthesise knowledge and contribute to original research that broadens the frontier of knowledge in OSH.
√ √
2. Adapt practical ideas and skills when conducting research that leads to innovative practices in OSH.
√
3. Assume responsibility in leading, communicating and engaging peers and stakeholders.
√ √
4. Serve by providing expert advice to society in OSH.
√
5. Utilise latest digital and numerical tools in solving issues and handling complex data related to OSH practices.
√ √
6. Show commitment towards continuing professional development for academic and career advancement with entrepreneurial mindset in OSH applications.
√ √
7. Adhere to legal, ethical and professional codes of practice in providing recommendations related to OSH.
√
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2.3 CURRICULUM DESIGN AND DELIVERY2
Learning and teaching can only be effective when the curriculum content and the programme
structure are kept abreast with the most current development in its field of study (COPPA 2nd
Edition, 2017). The curriculum structure should identify the objectives and learning outcomes
of the programme and incorporate a schema that would map the curriculum to the stated
objectives and learning outcomes (Guidelines to Good Practice: Curriculum Design and
Delivery, 2011).
This section of the Programme Standards outlines minimum credits of each curriculum
component for all levels of qualifications as stated in Table 2.2. Specific requirements as to
the body of knowledge of the various core areas are in Appendix 3. Higher Education
Providers (HEPs) have the flexibility to design their own programme. However, they
should cover the body of knowledge indicated in this document. Depending on the
programme fields, elements of OSH shall be covered/embedded in discipline core
courses.
In addition, HEPs are encouraged to develop their programmes to reflect the current best
practices and to offer a high quality academic programme. It is important that HEPs align their
own programmes with one or more of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). OSH
programmes may vary in its nomenclature; however, the programme nomenclature must
reflect the content of the programme as mentioned in the Guidelines on Nomenclature of
Malaysian Higher Education Programme (2018). Examples for each level are in Appendix 4.
Following are the minimum credits outlined for each qualification level. These requirements
are based on the minimum graduating credit for each level and the requirement is still
applicable even HEPs offer total credits above the minimum graduating credit.
2 Standards in this area are best read together with Guidelines to Good Practices: Curriculum Design and Delivery
(CDD), which is available on the MQA Portal: www.mqa.gov.my.
15
Table 2.3: Minimum credits of each curriculum component for all levels of
qualifications
CERTIFICATE (Level 3, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Compulsory Courses (General* and HEPs courses) 4
Core*** 40
Industrial Training**** 6
Elective***** (Optional) 0
Sub Total Credit 50
To complete the minimum requirement of 60 credits, the remaining 10 credits can be
placed in any of the categories above.
GRADUATING CREDITS 60
Notes:
* General courses refer to Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU) courses which are
mandatory. Please refer to Garis Panduan Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU)
Edisi Kedua for the minimum credit requirement as stipulated by the Ministry of
Higher Education (MoHE). HEP has an option to offer its own compulsory courses
in addition to the General courses.
*** Core component is inclusive of Basic Sciences, Compulsory Modules and
Professional Modules.
**** Industrial training must be in a relevant industry and is allocated, at a minimum,
according to the formula of 1 credit = 2 weeks of training. It is suggested to be place
in final semester.
***** Electives can be non-discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
Recommended Delivery Methods:
Lectures/tutorials
Blended learning/MOOC
Interactive Learning
Flipped Learning
Practical classes/laboratory work
Field/industry visits
Fieldwork
Apprenticeship
Industrial training
Industry speaker
Task-based learning
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Work-based learning
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Experiential learning
DIPLOMA (Level 4, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Compulsory Courses (General* and HEPs courses) 6
Core*** 59
Industrial Training**** 12
Elective***** (Optional) 0
Sub Total Credit 77
To complete the minimum requirement of 90 credits, the remaining 13 credits can be
placed in any of the categories above.
GRADUATING CREDITS 90
Notes:
* General courses refer to Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU) courses which are
mandatory. Please refer to Garis Panduan Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU)
Edisi Kedua for the minimum credit requirement as stipulated by the Ministry of
Higher Education (MoHE). HEP has an option to offer its own compulsory courses
in addition to the General courses.
*** Core component is inclusive of Basic Sciences, Compulsory Modules and
Professional Modules.
**** Industrial training must be in a relevant industry and is allocated, at a minimum
number, according to the formula of 1 credit = 2 weeks of training. It is suggested to
be place in final semester.
***** Electives can be non-discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
Recommended Delivery Methods:
Lectures/tutorials
Blended learning/MOOC
Interactive Learning
Flipped Learning
Practical classes/laboratory work
Field/industry visits
Fieldwork
Apprenticeship
Industrial training
Industry speaker
Task-based learning
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Work-based learning
Experiential learning
17
BACHELOR’S DEGREE (Level 6, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDITS
SINGLE MAJOR* MAJOR WITH
SPECIALISATION* MAJOR* WITH
MINOR
Compulsory Courses (General** and HEPs courses)
8 8 8
Core*** 78 54 54
Industrial Training**** 12 12 12
Specialisation***** / minor
- 30
(From a discipline core area)
30 (From another field)
Elective****** (Optional)
0 0 0
Sub Total Credit 98 104 104
To complete the minimum requirement
of 120 credit, the remaining 22 credits can be placed in any
of the categories above.
To complete the minimum requirement
of 120 credit, the remaining 16 credits
can be placed in any of the categories above.
To complete the minimum requirement
of 120 credit, the remaining 16 credits
can be placed in any of the categories above.
GRADUATING CREDIT
120 120 120
Double Major within OSH (e.g. Bachelor in Occupational Safety and Health and Ergonomics, Bachelor in Occupational Safety and Health and Fire Safety)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDITS
Compulsory Courses (General** and HEPs courses)
8
Common core 54
Discipline Core (Major 1)
Discipline Core*** (Major 2) 36
Industrial Training**** 12
Electives****** 0
Sub Total Credit 120
GRADUATING CREDIT
More than 120 Note: If there are shared credits between
Major 1 and Major 2, the minimum graduating credit is 120.
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Double Major from different disciplines (e.g. Bachelor in Occupational Safety and Health and Maritime, Bachelor in Ergonomics and Environment)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDITS
Compulsory Courses (General** and HEPs courses)
8
Core of OSH 54
Industrial Training**** 12
Core of Second Major***
Minimum credit requirement for core component as per the specific programme
standards OR minimum 66 credits for subject areas without programme standards
OR field suitability.
Industrial Training**** Based on programme standards or the field
requirement
Electives****** 0
Sub Total Credit 140
GRADUATING CREDIT 140
Notes:
* HEPs must indicate clearly in standard 1.2.4 MQA-01/02 the programme structure
when designing a programme.
** General courses refer to Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU) courses which are
mandatory. Please refer to Garis Panduan Mata Pelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU)
Edisi Kedua for the minimum credit requirement as stipulated by the Ministry of
Higher Education (MoHE). HEP has an option to offer its own compulsory courses
in addition to the General courses.
*** Core component is inclusive of Basic Sciences, Compulsory Modules and
Professional Modules. For single major programmes, the percentage/credits follow
the combination of both the components for core and specialisation / minor.
For a double major programme, if the majors are governed by programme standards
(PS), the minimum core requirements can be based on the respective programme
standards. However, the minimum graduating credit specified in this PS must be
fulfilled.
**** Industrial training must be in a relevant industry and is allocated, at a minimum,
according to the formula of 1 credit = 2 weeks of training. It is suggested to be place
in final semester.
***** Specialisation shall be in the same field or discipline of study of the programme
major. If a programme has double specialisations, both specialisations must meet
minimum 25% of the core components in related field.
****** Elective can be non-discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
The number of credits for electives should not lead to a specialisation or minor.
19
Recommended Delivery Methods:
Lectures/tutorials
Blended learning/MOOC
Interactive Learning
Flipped Learning
Practical classes/laboratory work
Field/industry visits
Fieldwork
Apprenticeship
Industrial training
Industry speaker
Task-based learning
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Work-based learning
Experiential learning
Final year project
Seminar
Empirical studies
Case study MASTER’S DEGREE by COURSEWORK (Level 7, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Core* 30
Project** 6
Elective*** (Optional) 0
To complete the minimum requirement of 40 credits, the remaining 4 credits can be placed in any of the categories above.
Graduating Credit 40
Notes:
* Core component is inclusive of Basic Sciences, Compulsory Modules and
Professional Modules.
Coursework component must include a course in research methodology.
** The project is not limited to a research project, provided it demonstrates knowledge
and understanding of relevant subject area.
The recommended minimum word limit for a project paper is 7 000.
The following requirements must be decided by the HEP:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices.
ii. A project report or equivalent conspectus guideline or manual must be
provided to describe a common structure and format for submission.
*** Electives offered must be discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
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Recommended delivery methods:
Lectures/tutorials
Blended learning/MOOC
Interactive Learning
Flipped Learning
Laboratory work
Field/industry visits
Fieldwork
Industry speaker
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Seminar
Empirical studies
Case study
MASTER’S DEGREE by MIXED MODE (Level 7, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Core* 8
Dissertation** 20
Elective*** (Optional) 0
Sub Total Credit 28
To complete the minimum requirement of 40 credits, the remaining 12 credit can be placed in any of the categories above.
Graduating Credit 40
Notes:
* Core component is inclusive of Compulsory Modules and Professional Modules.
Coursework component must include a course in research methodology.
The ratio of coursework to dissertation is within the range of 50:50 or 40:60 or 30:70.
(Refer to the Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree 2nd Edition).
** Students are required to undertake research in a related field of study and submit a
dissertation.
Recommended minimum word limit for a dissertation is 15 000.
The following requirements must be decided by the HEP:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices.
ii. A dissertation or equivalent conspectus guideline or manual must be provided
to describe a common structure and format for submission (Refer to the
Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
*** Electives offered must be discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
21
Recommended delivery methods:
Lectures/tutorials
Blended learning/MOOC
Laboratory work
Field/industry visits
Fieldwork
Industry speaker
Problem-based learning
Project-based learning
Seminar
Empirical studies
Case study
MASTER’S DEGREE by RESEARCH (Level 7, MQF)
COMPONENT CREDITS REMARKS
Dissertation* No credit
value
Students must have followed a research methodology
course (which must encompass the broad approaches,
methods and analyses in the field or discipline) or show
evidence of attendance in any equivalent courses which
support research in the field/s and to be undertaken by the
students.
Notes:
* Students are required to undertake research in a related field of study and submit a
dissertation.
Recommended minimum word limit for a dissertation is 30 000.
The following requirements must be decided by the HEP:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices and validity of research
undertaken.
ii. A dissertation or equivalent conspectus guideline or manual must be provided
to describe a common structure and format for dissertation or conspectus
(Refer to the Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
Recommended delivery methods:
Lectures
Face to face supervision
Seminar/Workshop
3rd Draft
22
DOCTORAL DEGREE by COURSEWORK (Level 8, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Core* 24
Project** Max 39
Elective*** (Optional) 0
To complete the minimum requirement of 80 credits, the remaining credits can be placed in any of the categories above.
GRADUATING CREDIT 80
Notes:
* Core component is inclusive of Compulsory Modules and Professional Modules.
Coursework component must include a course in research methodology.
** The project is not limited to research project, so long it demonstrates knowledge and
understanding of relevant subject area.
Recommended minimum word limit for a project paper is 30 000.
The following requirements must be decided by the HEP:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices.
ii. A project report or equivalent conspectus guideline or manual must be
provided to describe a common structure and format for submission (Refer to
the Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
*** Electives offered must be discipline related courses.
Flexibility given to HEP’s to determine the appropriate credit.
DOCTORAL DEGREE by MIXED MODE (Level 8, MQF)
COMPONENT MINIMUM CREDIT
Core* 24
Thesis** 40
Sub Total Credit 64
To complete the minimum requirement of 80 credits, the remaining 16 credit can be placed in any of the categories above.
GRADUATING CREDIT 80
Notes:
* The ratio of coursework to thesis is within the range of 50:50 or 40:60 or 30:70.
(Refer to the Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
** Students are required to undertake research in a related field of study and submit a
thesis.
Recommended minimum word limit for a thesis is 40 000.
The HEP must have a set of procedures and guidelines pertaining to:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices.
23
ii. A thesis or conspectus guideline or manual must be provided to describe a
common structure and format for submission (Refer to the Standards:
Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
DOCTORAL DEGREE by RESEARCH (Level 8, MQF)
COMPONENT CREDITS REMARKS
Thesis* No credit value
Students must have followed a research methodology
course (which must encompass the broad
approaches, methods and analyses in the field or
discipline) or show evidence of attendance in any
equivalent courses which support research in the
field/s and to be undertaken by the students.
Notes:
* Students are required to undertake research in a related field of study and submit a
thesis.
Recommended minimum word limit for a thesis is 50,000.
The following requirements must be addressed by the HEP:
i. Maximum period of study considering good practices and validity of research
undertaken.
ii. A thesis or equivalent conspectus guideline or manual must be provided to
describe a common structure and format for thesis or conspectus (Refer to the
Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition).
Recommended delivery methods:
Supervision of thesis
Colloquium/Seminar/Workshop
Attachment
3rd Draft
24
3. ASSESSMENT OF STUDENT LEARNING3
“Assessment of student learning is a key aspect of quality assurance and it is one of the most
important measures to show the achievement of learning outcomes. Hence, it is crucial that
an appropriate assessment method and mechanism is in place. Qualifications awarded based
on the results of the assessment. The methods of student assessment must be clear,
consistent, effective, reliable and in line with current practices. They must clearly measure the
achievement of the intended learning outcomes” (COPPA 2nd Edition, 2017).
The methods of assessment depend on the specific requirements of each course.
Nonetheless, the following must be considered as a general guide:
i. Assessments should comprise formative and summative assessments;
ii. Assessments must be appropriate to the learning outcomes;
iii. Candidates are required to pass BOTH continuous and final assessments for every
course. HEPs can define the meaning of a pass; however, a pass should imply that
the examiner is satisfied that the candidate has met all the learning outcomes of a
course;
iv. HEP must have clear marking guideline such as assessment rubrics, marking
scheme, and others for continuous and final assessments to indicate the
achievement of course learning outcomes.
v. Assessments for the WBL or 2u2i mode of study (industry components) can be
either solely conducted by an industry coach or jointly conducted by an industry
coach and HEP academic staff.
The percentages of continuous and final assessments for each level of study are presented
in Table 3. The suggested forms of assessment indicated are merely examples. HEPs are
encouraged to use a variety of methods and tools appropriate for measuring learning
outcomes and competencies.
3 Standards in this area are best read together with Guidelines to Good Practices: Assessment of Students, which
is available on the MQA Portal: www.mqa.gov.my.
25
Table 3: The percentages of continuous and final assessments for each core course
CERTIFICATE (Level 3, MQF)
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF ASSESSMENT CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT (%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT (%)
50 – 70 30 – 50
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Quiz
o Written test
o Oral test
o Demonstration
o Presentation
o Final examination
DIPLOMA (LEVEL 4, MQF)
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF ASSESSMENT CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT (%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT (%)
50 – 70 30 – 50
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Quiz
o Written test
o Oral test
o Demonstration
o Practical assessment
o Case studies
o Presentation
o Industrial training report
o Portfolio/ Log Book
o Industry evaluation - examined by two
suitable qualified examiners (one
external examiner from industry)
o Final examination
BACHELOR’S DEGREE (LEVEL 6, MQF)
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF ASSESSMENT CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT (%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT (%)
30 – 70 30 – 70
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Case studies
o Quiz
o Written test
o Oral test
o Practical assessment
3rd Draft
26
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF ASSESSMENT CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT (%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT (%)
o Presentation
o Demonstration
o Industrial training report
o Portfolio/ Log Book
o Industry evaluation - examined by two
suitable qualified examiners (one
external examiner from industry)
o Final examination
MASTER’S DEGREE (LEVEL 7, MQF)
MODE
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF
ASSESSMENT
CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT
(%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT
(%)
COURSEWORK
Coursework
Project
30 –70
0 - 40
30 – 70
60 - 100
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Case studies
o Quiz
o Written test
o Oral test
o Practical assessment
o Presentation
o Demonstration
o Final examination
MIXED MODE
Coursework
Dissertation
30 –70
0
30 – 70
100
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Case studies
o Quiz
o Written test
o Oral test
o Practical assessment
o Presentation
o Demonstration
o Dissertation
o Viva-voce
o Final examination
RESEARCH
Dissertation
0
100
o Dissertation
o Viva-voce
27
DOCTORAL DEGREE (LEVEL 8, MQF)
MODE
MODULES
SUGGESTED FORMS OF
ASSESSMENT
CONTINUOUS
ASSESSMENT
(%)
FINAL
ASSESSMENT
(%)
COURSEWORK
Coursework
Project
30 – 70
0
30 – 70
100
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Case studies
o Written test
o Oral test
o Practical assessment
o Presentation
o Demonstration
o Final examination
MIXED MODE
Coursework
Thesis
30 –70
0
30 – 70
100
o Assignment (Individual / Group)
o Project
o Case studies
o Written test
o Oral test
o Practical assessment
o Presentation
o Demonstration
o Thesis
o Viva-voce
o Final examination
RESEARCH
Thesis
0
100
o Thesis
o Viva-voce
Notes:
i. The HEPs should have a clear policy on the criteria for appointment of external and
internal examiners for dissertation/thesis assessment at postgraduate levels.
ii. The composition of the dissertation/thesis examiners should meet the requirements of
Standards: Master’s and Doctoral Degree, 2nd Edition.
3rd Draft
28
4. STUDENT SELECTION
This section of the Programme Standards relates to the selection of students for a programme
of study.
“In general, admission to a programme needs to comply with the prevailing policies of the
Ministry of Education (MOE). There are varying views on the best method of student selection.
Whatever the method used, the HEP must be able to defend the consistency of the method it
utilises. The number of students to be admitted to a programme is determined by the capacity
of the HEP and the number of qualified applicants. HEP admission and retention policies must
not be compromised for the sole purpose of maintaining a desired enrolment. If an HEP
operates geographically separated campuses or if the programme is a collaborative one, the
selection and assignment of all students must be consistent with national policies” (COPPA
2nd Edition, 2017).
The standards for the selection of students into the OSH programmes shall be formulated in
reference to generic national higher education policies pertaining to minimum student entry
requirement.
The minimum entry requirements are as in Table 4.
Table 4: Minimum Entry Requirement for Student Admission
MQF LEVEL ENTRY REQUIREMENT
ENGLISH
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENT
(INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT)
Certificate
(Level 3)
i. Possesses Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)
with a minimum of ONE (1) credit in any
subject, or its equivalent;
OR
ii. Possesses Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM)
Level 2, MQF (Note: The HEPs are required
to conduct screening and provide
appropriate bridging courses specific to the
discipline of the programme);
OR
iii. Other relevant equivalent qualifications
recognised by the Malaysian Government.
-
29
MQF LEVEL ENTRY REQUIREMENT
ENGLISH
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENT
(INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT)
Diploma
(Level 4)
i. Possesses SPM or equivalent with PASS in
English and THREE CREDITS in the
following subjects*:
Mathematics or ONE science subject
(Biology/Physics/Chemistry/General
science); and
Any other TWO subjects (including
Bahasa Malaysia and/or English).
OR
ii. Possesses SKM Level 3 in the relevant field;
OR
iii. A Certificate (Level 3, MQF) in the relevant
field with at least CGPA of 2.00;
OR
iv. A pass in Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia
(STPM) with at least Grade C (GP 2.0) in any
subject;
OR
v. A pass in Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia
(STAM) with at least Grade Maqbul;
OR
vi. Other equivalent qualifications recognised
by the Malaysian Government.
Achieve a minimum
Band 3 in University
English Test
(MUET) OR 5.0 in
the International
English Language
Testing System
(IELTS) OR
equivalent to CEFR
(High B1)***.
Bachelor’s
Degree
(Level 6)
i. A pass in STPM with a minimum of Grade C
(GP 2.00) in any two (2) subjects, or its
equivalent;
OR
ii. A pass in STAM with at least Grade Jayyid*;
OR
iii. Matriculation or Foundation with at least
CGPA of 2.00;
OR
iv. A Diploma (Level 4, MQF) with at least
CGPA of 2.00;
OR
v. An Advanced Diploma (Level 5, MQF) with
at least CGPA of 2.00;
OR
vi. A Diploma Kemahiran Malaysia (DKM)
/Diploma Vokasional Malaysia (DVM)
Achieve a minimum
Band 3 in MUET
OR 5.0 in IELTS OR
equivalent to CEFR
(High B1)***.
3rd Draft
30
MQF LEVEL ENTRY REQUIREMENT
ENGLISH
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENT
(INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT)
subjected to HEP Senate / Academic
Board’s approval***;
OR
vii. A Diploma Lanjutan Kemahiran Malaysia
(DLKM) subjected to HEP Senate
/Academic Board’s approval***;
Note for (vi) & (vii): The HEPs are to conduct
screening and provide necessary guidance
specific to the discipline of the programme.
OR
viii. Other equivalent qualifications recognised
by the Malaysian Government.
Master’s
Degree
(Level 7)
Master Degree by Coursework
i. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field with a minimum CGPA of 2.50
or equivalent, as accepted by the HEP
Senate;
OR
ii. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field or equivalent with minimum
CGPA of 2.00 and not meeting CGPA of
2.50, can be accepted subject to rigorous
internal assessment****;
OR
iii. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in non-
related fields with a minimum CGPA of 2.00
as accepted by the HEP Senate and with
relevant working experience*****, subject to
a rigorous internal assessment****;
OR
iv. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in non-
related fields with a minimum CGPA of 2.00
as accepted by the HEP Senate and without
relevant working experience, subject to
passing pre-requisite courses******;
OR
v. Other equivalent/related qualifications to a
Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF)
recognised by the Malaysian Government.
Achieve a minimum
Band 3 in MUET OR
5.5 in IELTS OR
equivalent to CEFR
(Low B2)***.
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MQF LEVEL ENTRY REQUIREMENT
ENGLISH
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENT
(INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT)
Master Degree by Mixed Mode
i. A bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field with minimum CGPA of 2.75 or
equivalent, as accepted by the HEP Senate;
OR
ii. A bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field or equivalent with minimum
CGPA of 2.50 and not meeting CGPA of
2.75, can be accepted subject to rigorous
internal assessment****;
OR
iii. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in non-
related fields with a minimum CGPA of 2.00
as accepted by the HEP Senate and with
relevant working experience*****, subject to
a rigorous internal assessment****;
OR
iv. A Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in non-
related fields with a minimum CGPA of 2.00
as accepted by the HEP Senate and without
relevant working experience, subject to
passing pre-requisite courses******;
OR
v. Other equivalent/related qualifications to a
Bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF)
recognised by the Malaysian Government.
Master Degree by Research
i. A bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field with minimum CGPA of 2.75 or
equivalent, as accepted by the HEP Senate;
OR
ii. A bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field or equivalent with minimum
CGPA of 2.50 and not meeting CGPA of
2.75, can be accepted subject to rigorous
internal assessment ****;
OR
iii. A bachelor’s degree (Level 6, MQF) in the
relevant field or equivalent with minimum
3rd Draft
32
MQF LEVEL ENTRY REQUIREMENT
ENGLISH
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENT
(INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT)
CGPA of 2.00 and not meeting CGPA of
2.50, can be accepted subject to a minimum
of 5 years working experience and rigorous
internal assessment.
iv. Candidates without a qualification in the
related fields or relevant working experience
must undergo appropriate prerequisite
courses determined by the HEP and meet
the minimum CGPA based on (i) to (iii).
Doctoral
Degree
(Level 8)
Doctoral Degree by Coursework and Mixed
Mode
i. A Master’s degree (Level 7, MQF) in the
relevant field with CGPA of 3.0 or equivalent
as accepted by the HEP Senate;
OR
ii. Other qualifications equivalent to a Master’s
degree (Level 7, MQF) recognised by the
Government of Malaysia.
Doctoral Degree by Research*******
i. A Master’s degree (Level 7, MQF) in the
relevant field as accepted by the HEP
Senate;
OR
ii. Other qualifications equivalent to a Master’s
degree (Level 7, MQF) recognised by the
Government of Malaysia.
Candidates without a related qualification in the
field/s or working experience in the relevant fields
must undergo appropriate prerequisite courses
determined by the HEP.
Achieve a minimum
Band 4 in MUET OR
6.0 in IELTS OR
equivalent to CEFR
(Mid B2)***.
Notes:
* A pass in English and a
credit in Mathematics or
ONE science subject at
SPM level or equivalent
qualifications
Can be waived should any other higher qualifications
contain English, Mathematics and science subjects
with an equivalent/higher achievement.
Malaysian students using English as the medium of
instruction in their previous study or with at least Band
33
(English subject
requirement does not
apply to international
students since they are
required to meet certain
scores of international
English examination and
privileged with certain
exemptions)
2 in MUET or equivalent can be exempted from a pass
in English requirement.
Those without a credit in Mathematics and/or science
subjects at SPM level or equivalent can be admitted
but are required to attend special enhancement
course(s). These special enhancement courses
should be SPM equivalent, remedial in nature.
Students must pass the Mathematics and science
subjects enhancement courses as a prerequisite to
related core courses.
** For Public Universities: Refer to Surat JPT.S(BPKP)2000/400/04/01 Jld.5(53), 20th