Dr. YATI AFIYANTI, SKp., MN Present:
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Dr. YATI AFIYANTI, SKp., MN Present:
Fakta Tentang:
Kehidupan Perempuan Sedunia
Tradisional:
Fungsi & Peran reproduksi & produksi
Currently:
Kualitas pengalaman hidup perempuan terkait dgn kesehatannya
Pengetahuan ttg kompleksitas & diversitas kehidupan perempuan
Health promotion, health maintenance, & health restoration across the lifespan
Kemampuan utk melakukan peran multiple
PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN
PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN
REPRODUKSI
PRODUKSI
Women Experiences In Research
Primary caregivers for families & friends
Motherhood is good for women?
Women’s voices with cancer
GLOBAL ISSUES IN WOMEN’S HEALTH
World population growth
Maternal mortality
Unsafe abortion
Maternal morbidity
STDS and HIV/AIDS
Cervical Cancer
Advancing reproductive health
The Challenges of Women Health
Ketidakberdayaan/ tdk mampu
Kemiskinan
Faktor sosial & budaya
Lesbi group
Addictions & abuse
Survivors of violence
Devalued & Discriminated dari sist.pelayanan
kesehatan yg ada
Perempuan di Masyarakat
Fokus pelayanan kesehatan Perempuan (di masa childbearing) & kesehatan anak
Kehidupan perempuan dlm keluarganya dipengaruhi & mempengaruhi sistem keluarga
Isu ttg perempuan: tgt kondisi/profil demografi sosial, lingkungan, & psikososial suatu negara
Seorang Ibu “High Risk Person”
The second citizen on the world, with characterize: lower education & salary than men; high-risk for getting domestic violence
Malu or tabu utk bicara tentang kondisi dirinya sendiri (cultural of silence) kemampuan „empower‟nya utk membuat keputusan ttg kesehatan dirinya
Berisiko menjadi miskin & single support bagi keluarganya
Berisiko tinggi utk mendapatkan kematian dan komplikasi pada masa motherhood
Penyebab Utama
Kematian Perempuan Sedunia
Diseases of the heart
Cancer
HIV infection
Suicide & homicide
Chronic liver disease
Kontribusi Laki-Laki dlm Isu
Permasalahan Perempuan
Penyebaran infeksi HIV/AIDS high risk pada perempuan dgn sosek rendah
Prostitusi Dis-empowerment (t.u. pengambilan
keputusan utk pemenuhan kebutuhan perempuan)
Kehamilan berisiko Domestic violence Lain-lain
Richters, 1992
“Women everywhere are actively involved
in working against social, cultural, racial,
economic, and political discrimination. It
seems as important to ask the question
of „how do women stay healthy in
difficult circumstances and how can we
strengthen those processes as to ask the
question „what makes them sick?”
Unmeet Need
For Reproductive Health in the world
India: Family planning programme “Helping Individuals Achieve their Reproductive Intentions” (HARI) Index
Netherland: STD prevention & management & infertility diagnosis & treatmentThe women’s self-help federation.
South Carolina, USA: Pregnant women remain underserved
Northern American: Cancer as a Health Issue
Indonesia:???????
ISU MASALAH KESEHATAN PEREMPUAN DI
BERBAGAI NEGARA : 3 Agenda MDGs
Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women
Malnut & communicable & noncommunicable
diseasewomen related to poverty
Women with malnutchildren will be born
prematurely
The link betw economics & women
healthin Sub-Saharan Africa
Fakta:
Girls who are educated have better birth
outcomes
Women with education level advances her
health & those of her families members improves
(Govindasamy, 2000)
The longer a girl child stays in school, the longer
she delay birthing & increases the possibility of
better birth outcomes (Filippi, et al, 2006)
Begins with birth and extend across the life
span:
As fetuspenentuan jenis seks (Oomman &
Ganatra, 2002)
As a girl marriages at the early age (Ehrhardl, et
al, 2009)
As a women age at high risk many chronic disease
Kemampuan Perawat:
Being there
Empathy
Communication
Helping
Time
reciprocity
Being there:
Comfort
Security
Empathy:
Action/demontrated
nonjudgemental
Eesthetic Knowing: Verbal & Non verbal Communication to gain information
Touching powerful way to communicate caring
Support nurturance, advocacy Access to health information
Reciprocity Maintain or recharge the caring Help Attain health or therapeutic goals
Special Consideration
of Women Health Care for WHN
• Dealing with healty people implies a change in the provider-patient relationship more participatory & counseling
• Dealing with More that One Client couple (women & partner or women & fetus)
• Dealing Mostly with Womenmany women are still subordinated & undervalued
• Dealing with Society culture, religion, & society of the women life
Building Blocks to Success
• Lifting Women Out of Poverty & Education as the way Forward Empower the women
• Gender inequity Cultural Approach
CULTURAL APPROACH
Fundamental issue to women’s health & social
outcomes:
Masalah budaya:
Konstruksi budaya patrial
Praktik mitos & supersition selama masa perinatal
Pengaturan fertilitas
Penyelesaian: Culturally Competent Care
CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE
Conflicts can occur with a childbearing woman and her family when traditional rituals and practices of the family’s elders do not conform with current healthcare practices.
Nurses need to be sensitive to the potential implications for the woman’s health and that of her newborn, especially after they are discharged home.
When cultural values are not part of the nursing care plan, a woman and her family may be forced to decide whether the family’s beliefs should take priority over the healthcare professional guidance
FROM WOMEN‘S HEALTH TO GENDER
MAINSTREAM INITIATIVE
• Primary Health Care
• Health Care
• Intergrated Caring Models with Multidisiplin
SELF-HELP CULTURE
Women Empowerment
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN
• Robertson, 1997:
▫ “ A person is empowered when he/s
believes that he/s has the
authority/power to control what
happens to him/herself”.
• Empowerment concept for women:
▫ Self-assessment & self-care
▫ Access to the health care system
Self-Care/Assessment for Women
Self-assessment/examination →
woman‟s ability to determine & evaluate
change in her body
Self-care → how a woman provides for
her health promotion needs & responds
to the findings of her self-assessment
Women’s self-care → health
promotion needs & disease prevention
PROMOSI KESETARAAN JENDER
& PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN
KONSEP PEMBERDAYAAN
PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAYANAN
KESEHATAN
Perempuan
Subjek
Penerima
Pelayanan
Kesehatan
PEREMPUAN YANG BERDAYA
Memiliki autoritas &
kontrol ttg yg terjadi
pada dirinya
Menyadari hak &
kewajibannya sbg istri &
ibu dari anak-anaknya
Mempunyai kebutuhan
support dari lingk
Mampu mengambil
keputusan
The Role Of
Women Health Nursing
Nurses and Society:
Provide wellness for a community amidst
(ICN, 2009)
Seeking relief from poverty within community
(ICN, 2009)
Provide education, support, & guidance an
achieving a health
Promote advocacy & partnertships
(influence the women group to relief poverty)
The Role Of
Women Health Nursing
Nursing and Organizations:
Women for Women International
Global Health Council
Global Alliance Women’s Health
International Women’s Health Coalition
International Council of Nurses
International Council on Women’s Health
Issues
Nursing’s Roles (1)
As supporter for self-
care/assessment:
collaborative with the women when
sharing information & encouraging
them to be experts on what is
normal for each of them
Nursing’s Roles (2)
As primary facilitator the women’s connection to the health care system:
how to make them making choices about their health & determine the extent of the role they wish to play in their health care
Nursing’s Roles (3)
Provide information that addresses the women’s concerns
Becoming partners in education & collaborating with each woman
Supporting the woman’s analysis of her experiences & needs
Helping in building upon her current competencies in self-care
Simpulan
The role of WHN:
Educate society on the links among poverty,
inequality, & empowerment of women
Develop health center or small clinic
Assist women in realizing their capacity to
affect change within their family &
community
Make strides toward improving the variabels
that affect health, poverty, education, &
empowerment
References
Matteson, P.S. (2001). Women’s health during the childberaing years: A community-based approach. Philadelphia: Mosby Inc
Fathaal, M.F. (2008). Sexual and reproductive health: Overview. Asslut Univ Egypt.
Tyer-Viola, L & Cesario. S.K. (2010). Addressing poverty, education, and gender equality to improve the health of women wordwide. JOGNN, 39, 580-589.
Sciarra, J.J. (2009). Global issues in women’s health. Inter J. Of Gyn and Obst, 104, 77-79.
Hardon, A. (2003). Reproductive health care in the Netherlands: Would integration improve it? Repro Health Matters, 11(21),59-73.
Ravindra, T.K. & Mishra, U.S. (2009). Unmet need for reproductive health in India. Repro Health Matters, 9(18), 105-113.
McGovern.T. (2007). Building coalitions to support women’s health and rights in the USA: South Carolina and Florida. Repro Health Matters, 15(29), 119-129.
Kurlmann, E. (2009). From women’s health to gender mainstreaming and back again: linking feminist agendas and new governance in healthcare. Current Sociology, 57(135), 135-154.
Terima Kasih & Semoga Sukses
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