Dr. Virella CV

CURRICULUM VITAE

GABRIEL VIRELLA, M.D., Ph.D.

PERSONAL STATISTICS

Date of Birth: May 23, 1943 Nationality: U.S. Citizen

Place of Birth: Vilanova i la Geltru Marital Status: Married(Catalonia), Spain Two daughters

EDUCATION

Oct. 1960 - July 1967 Medical Course, School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal. Bachelor in Medicine

Sept. 1967 - Aug. 1968 Research Fellow, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Pharmacology Laboratory, Oeiras, Portugal

Sept. 1968 - Aug. 1969 Visiting Researcher, Dept. of Experimental Pathology, University of Birmingham, England (with a Gulbenkian Foundation Scholarship)

Sept. 1969 - Sept. 1970 Visiting Researcher, Division of Immunology, National Inst. for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, England (with a Gulbenkian Foundation Scholarship)

Oct. 1970 - May 1971 Research Fellow, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Pharmacology Laboratory, Oeiras, Portugal

Approved the examination for the Certificate of the Education Council for Foreign Medical Graduates in 1968.

Approved the F.L.E.X. examination in 1979.

ACADEMIC DEGREE

April, 1974 Doctorate in Medicine (Microbiology), University of Lisbon, Portugal

BOARD CERTIFICATION

1979 (renewed 1988) Diplomate by the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology (Certificate No. 19)

PROFESSIONAL LICENSE

1979 - present License to practice medicine and surgery, State of South Carolina

Gabriel Virella, M.D., Ph.D. Curriculum Vitae -- 2Revised % , "

AWARDS AND HONORS

1967 Award to the best graduation thesis presented to the Medical School of the University of Lisbon in 1966-67 (Studies on the Alterations of Serum Proteins in Malignant Blood Diseases)

1971 2nd Pfizer Award for Medical Research (Study of the Effects of Some Thiol Reagents on Immunoglobulins)

1973 1st Pfizer Award for Young Medical Researchers (Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: Theoretical Principles and Some Applications)

1981 Golden Apple Award, Best Teacher in Basic Sciences, AMSA chapter of the MUSC (MUSC).

1986 Nominee, Distinguished Professorship Award, The Health Sciences Foundation, MUSCNominee, Golden Apple Award for Basic Science Teacher, MUSCExcellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC, February and December, 1986

1987 Golden Apple Award, Best Basic Science Teacher, AMSA chapter of the MUSC

1988 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC.Nominee, Golden Apple Award for Basic Science Teacher, MUSC.Elected A.O.A. faculty member, MUSC chapter.

1989 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC.Nominee, Golden Apple Award for Basic Science Teacher, MUSCCo-recipient with Drs. Christoph Gisinger and Maria F. Lopes Virella of the Squibb Award of the Austrian Society for Internal Medicine for the work entitled "Metabolic effects of Lipoprotein Immune Complexes in Macrophages".

1990 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC

1991 Golden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSCExcellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC

1992 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSCMember of the W.H.O. Expert Advisory Panel on Health Laboratory Services

1993 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSCElected Councilor of AOA Honor Society

1994 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC

1995 Nominee, Teaching Excellence Award, MUSCExcellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSCGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC Reader, Oath Ceremony, Medical School Graduation Exercises

1996 Health Science Foundation Teaching Excellence Award, MUSCExcellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSCGovernor's Distinguished Professor AwardElected for a second term as Councilor of AOA Honor SocietyReader of the Oath of Hipocrates, Oath Ceremony, Medical School Graduation Exercises


AWARDS AND HONORS (ctd.)1997 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSC

Reader, Oath Ceremony, Medical School Graduation ExercisesGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC

1998. Nominated, Golden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSCSpecial Appreciation Award, AMSA chapter of the MUSC. Lecturer, The Robert T. Walton Lecture on Medical Education, 1998 Golden Apple Awards Ceremony

Elected Regional Councilor, AA Honor SocietyFaculty Marshall, 1998 Commencement Exercises

1999 Excellence in Teaching Award, Student Council, MUSCGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC Elected for a third term as Councilor of Honor SocietyElected to the Board of Directors of as a Councillor Member

2000 Nominated, Golden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSCCited in Who’s Who Among American Teachers, 2000 Edition.

2001 Faculty Excellence Award for the COM Second Year Outstanding ProfessorNominated, Teaching Excellence Award, MUSCReader, Oath Ceremony, Medical School Graduation ExercisesGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC

2002 Elected Honorary Alumnus, Medical University of South CarolinaElected for a fourth term as Councilor of Honor SocietyAppointed as a member of the USMLE Step 1 Test Development Committee for Microbiology

2003 Nominated, Teaching Excellence Award, MUSCFinalist, Outstanding Faculty Award, COM Student CouncilReader, Oath Ceremony, Medical School Graduation ExercisesGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC Robert J. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Award

2004 Finalist, Faculty Excellence Award, COM Student Council

2005 Nominated, Teaching Excellence Award, MUSCGovernor’s Award for Excellence in Scientific AwarenessGolden Apple Award for Excellence in the Art of Teaching, AMSA chapter of the MUSC

2006 Health Science Foundation Teaching Excellence Award, MUSC

Governor's Distinguished Professor Award

2007 Cited as “Master Teacher” by the Board of Trustees of The Medical University of S.C.


POSITIONS

Oct. 1982 - present Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MUSC, Charleston, S.C.July 1981 - present Adjunct Professor of Immunology, University of Lisbon, Medical School,

Portugal July 1980 - present Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC July 1978 - June 1980 Associate Professor, Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and

Microbiology, MUSC July 1976 - June 1978 Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and

Microbiology, MUSCJuly 1976 - present Consultant, Department of Laboratory Medicine, MUSCApril 1975 - June 1976 Associate of the Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and

Microbiology, MUSCNov. 1974 - April 1975 Researcher, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Immunochemistry and

Immunopharmacology Section, Pharmacology LaboratoryJan. 1972 - Nov. 1974 Graduate Research Assistant, Gulbenkian Institute of Science,

Immunochemistry and Immunopharmacology Section, Pharmacology Laboratory

June 1971 - Dec.1971 Research Assistant, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal; Head, Immunochemistry and Immunopharmacology Section, Pharmacology Laboratory

MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES

British Society for Immunology 1970Portuguese Society for Immunology - Founding Member; Secretary of Scientific Meetings 1972-75 Portuguese Society of Biochemistry - Member of the Directive Board 1973-75; Resigned 1975 Portuguese Society for Hematology - 1971-75; Resigned Lisbon Society of the Medical Sciences 1971 Catalonian Society of Biology 1974 - Correspondent member American Federation for Clinical Research 1976-1988American Association of Immunologists 1976-1996Reticuloendothelial Society 1977 - 1980; Member of the Program Committee, 1978;

Member of the Self-Evaluation Committee, 1978-79; Coordinator of the 1978 National meetingFellow, American Academy of Microbiology 1980 Charter member, Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists, 1987

Member of the Scientific Affairs Committee, 1994-1996Clinical Immunology Society, 1987-American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990-

EDITORIAL BOARDS

1979-present Clinical Immunology (formerly Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology ) [Section Editor, 1989-present]

1979 - 1990 Clinical Immunology Newsletter (Member of the Advisory Board, 1979-1989)


1981 - 1983 Journal of Clinical Microbiology1982 - 1988 Diagnostic Immunology (Member of the Advisory Board)1982 - 1990; 1992 Inmunologia (Barcelona)1988-present Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis1990-present Sangre1990-present Consulting Editor, Marcel Dekker, N.Y.1992-1993 Guest Editor for "The Forum - AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Special

Interest Group"1993-present Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, member of the Editorial Board1993-1997 Editor, "Basic Science Educator” (formerly “The Forum”) - A publication of the

AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Special Interest Group"

RESEARCH SUPPORT "Detection, isolation and characterization of circulating immune complexes in diabetic patients" - Kroc

Foundation, $31,279, April 1, 1979 - March, 31, 1980; $31,865, April 1, 1980 - March, 31, 1981; $41,874, April 1, 1981 - March 31, 1982; $21,258, April 1, 1982 - September 30, 1982.

"Biological characteristics of circulating immune complexes in diabetic patients" - Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, $34,996.00 from September 1, 1982 to August 30, 1983; $29,995.00 from September 1, 1983 to August 30, 1984.

"Study of the effects of plasma ultrafiltration on serological and functional parameters predictive of the development of nephropathy in animals with experimental chronic serum sickness" - Millipore Corporation, $23,551 from Sept. 1, 1983 to Feb. 28, 1984; $49,652 from March 1, 1984 - Feb. 28, 1985; $13,000 from March 1, 1985 to May 31, 1985.

"Study of the antigenicity of semi-synthetic human insulin" - Squibb-Novo, $30,032 from Sept. 1, 1983 - August 30, 1984; $31,834 from Sept. 1, 1984 -August 30, 1985.

"The biological significance of immune complex binding to human erythrocytes" - MUSC Institutional Funds for Research, Sept. 1, 1985 - Aug. 31, 1986; $10,899.00.

"The induction of B cell responses in vitro" - MUSC Institutional Funds for Research; $9,945.00 from Sept. 1, 1986 - Aug. 31, 1987; $13,869.00 from October 1987 - Sept. 30, 1988.

"Fish Oil Extracts and Host Defense Mechanisms" - MUSC Institutional Funds for Research; $14,490.00 from 05/01/89 to 04/30/90.

"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" - CDC Contract; $293,088.00 from Sept. 23, 1988 - June 30, 1995, 364,244.00.

"Immunosuppressive effects of fish Oil" - MUSC Institutional Funds for Research; $15,790.00 from 03/01/92 to 12/31/93.

"Modified LDL autoimmunity and vascular disease in IDDM" (7/1/96-8/30/01, $84,411 p.a., T. Garvey, M.D. P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (10% effort)

“Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cell-Lipoprotein Interactions” VA Merit Review 100,000 p.a., 15% - M.F. Lopes-Virella, M.D., Ph.D., P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (15% effort);

"Macrophage Activation and Lipoprotein Metabolism"; $645,326.00 from 7/01/94-11/30/02 - M.F. Lopes-Virella, M.D., Ph.D., P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (15% effort); $707,233 from 12/01/98 to 11/03/93 (5% effort)

The Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study”; $89,699.00 from 03/01/99 to 2/28/00; - M.F. Lopes-Virella, M.D., Ph.D., P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (5% effort)

"Modified LDL autoimmunity and vascular disease in IDDM" (7/1/96-8/30/01, $84,411 p.a., T. Garvey, M.D. P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (10% effort)


“Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cell-Lipoprotein Interactions” (4/1/98-3/31/03)VA Merit Review 100,000 p.a., M.F. Lopes-Virella, M.D., Ph.D., P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-investigator (15% effort)

"Modified LDL autoimmunity and vascular disease in Diabetes" (7/1/01-8/30/06), 167,885.00 p.a., T. Garvey, M.D. P.I.; G. Virella, M.D., Ph.D., co-PI (15% effort)

"Immune Mechanisms of Micro/Macrovascular Disease in Type I Diabetes (8/1/02-7/31/05), 256,251.00 year 1; Maria F. Lopes-Virella, PI; G. Virella, Co-PI (20% effort)

“Markers and Mechanisms of Macrovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus” DCCT/EDIC (type 1 DM) and VA Diabetes trial (Type 2 DM); 1. PO1-HL-55782-08; NIH/NHLBI9/1/96-8/31/06. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, PI; Role: Co-investigator “Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cell-Lipoprotein Interactions in Diabetes Mellitus” VA Merit Review Research Program-Year 19 (4/1/85-3/31/07). Maria F. Lopes-Virella, PI; Role: Co-investigator

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Graduate and continuing education courses

March 27 - April 8, 1972 Basic Immunology Course, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal (Lecturer and Course Director).

May 8-12, 1973 Course on "Chemical Pathology of Proteins," sponsored by the Leukemia Foundation (Invited lecturer), Westminster Medical School, London.

September 10-29, 1973 5th Post-Graduate Immunology Course, co-sponsored by the W.H.O., Hospital de la Sta. Cruz y San Pablo, Barcelona, Spain (Invited lecturer).

December 3-15, 1973 Molecular Immunochemistry Course, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal (Lecturer and Course Director).

January 7-12, 1974 Course on "Physiopathological basis and laboratorial detection of dysproteinemias," Ciudad Sanitaria Jose Antonio, Zaragoza, Spain .

March 25 - April 6, 1974 II Basic Immunology Course, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, (Course Director).

December 2-13, 1974 International Course in Clinical Immunology, co-sponsored by the W.H.O., Clinica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain (Invited lecturer).

Winter Quarter, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1978-79; Spring Semester, 1979-80, 1980-81, 1981-82, 1982-83, 1983-84, 1984-85: Immunochemistry Course for Graduate Students, MUSC (Lecturer and Course Director); 1985–86, 1986-87, 1987-88 (Lecturer in same course)

Fall semester 1989-90; 1991-92: Immunology for Graduate Students (Lecturer)Spring Semester, 1988-89, 1989-90; 1990-91; 1991-92; 1992-93: Course on "Techniques in Immunology

and Molecular Genetics" (Lecturer)Spring Quarter, 1976-77, 1977-78; Fall Semester 1980-81, 1983-84: Clinical Immunology Course for

Graduate Students, MUSC (Lecturer). Fall 1982, 1983, 1984 Clinical Immunology Update (Continuing Education Course for Physicians)March 7-8, 1984 Practical course on "The Detection of Soluble Immune Complexes,"

sponsored by the Portuguese Society for Immunology, Porto, Portugal (Invited instructor and organizer)

November 27, 1984 Immunology: Impact on the Health Care of Children (Continuing Education for Nurses; sole Lecturer and Co-Organizer)

July-August 1991 Immunology for surgeons (Grand rounds followed by four lectures)


October-November 1991 Immunology for Dermatology Residents (Series of four lectures)

Undergraduate courses Fall Quarter, 1975-76: Immunology Course for Medical Students, MUSC (Lecturer). Winter Quarter, 1976-77: Immunology Course for Medical Students, MUSC (Lecturer and Course

Director). Fall Quarter, 1977-78, 1978-79; Fall Semester, 1979-80 to 1999-2000 Immunology Course for Medical

Students, MUSC (Lecturer and Course Director). Fall Semester, 1980-81, 1981-82: Microbiology Course for Medical Students, MUSC (General

Coordinator). Fall Semester, 1982-83 to to 1999-2000: Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Course, MUSC

(Co-Course Director and Course Coordinator). February 1984: Immunology for medical students, University of Lisbon, Portugal, (Lecturer and Course

Director). Fall Semester, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89: Group Leader, Introduction to Clinical Reasoning, MUSC. Spring Semester, 1989-90 to present: Dental Microbiology (Lecturer).Fall semester, 1992-93: AIDS Day (Chairman of the Organizing Committee).Fall Semester, 1993-94 to present: AIDS Symposium (Chairman of the Organizing Committee).Fall Semester 2000-2001 to present: Infection and Immunity course for Medical Students, MUSC (Lecturer and General Coordinator). Faculty facilitator and content expert, MUSC's Parallel Curriculum, 1994 - 95, 1995 - 96, 1996 - 97, 1997 -98 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01, 001-02.

POSTGRADUATE FELLOWS AND VISITING SCIENTISTS

Dr. Isabel M. Coelho-Lemaitre, 1972-74.

Dr. Maria Manuel de Freitas, 1972 (Presently a Staff Member of the National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal).

Dr. Maria Carolina da Mota, 1972 (Presently a Researcher of the Eye Institute, University of Coimbra, Portugal).

Dr. Maria Teresa Pereira, 1973-74.

Dr. Ana Arratibel Pastor, 1973.

Dr. Maria Teresa Pires, 1973-74 and 1980-81.

Dr. Jan Goudswaard, 1976-77 (Presently Director of the Regional Laboratory of Public Health, Goes, The Netherlands).

Dr. Jose Muñoz, 1978-79 ; 1991-1992(Presently a Professor of Immunology, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela).

Dr. Maritza Muñoz, 1978-79 (Presently a Professor of Microbiology, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela).

Dr. Alfredo Espinoza, 1980-82

Dr. Rosario Trifiletti, 1988-89.

Dr. Antonio Rangel, May-August 198

Dr. José Muñoz, August 1991-July 1992


Dr. Marina Mironova, January 1994 - 1996

Dr. Silvana Vielma, May-July 1995; 1999-200479 (Presently a Professor of Microbiology, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela).


RESEARCH AND THESIS ADVISOR FOR THE FOLLOWING GRADUATE STUDENTS:

Christian C. Patrick, Ph.DMichael Kilpatrick, Ph.DGene Burges, Ph.D., M.D. Susanne Sager, Ph.D., M.D. Thomas Sherwood, Ph.D., M.D.Maria Rugeles, M.S.Judy Jarecki-Black, Ph.D.Richard Griffith, M.D., Ph.D.Rebecca Poston, Ph.D.

GRADUATE STUDENT ADVISORY COMMITTEES

Christian C. Patrick (Chairman)J.M. Kilpatrick (Chairman)Gene Burgess (Chairman)Susanne Sager (Chairman)Scott Wilhelm (Member)Thomas Mundie (Member)Nan Shan Chang (Member)Thomas Sherwood (Chairman)Yuan K. Chou (Member)Richard Griffith (Chairman)Maria Rugeles (Chairman)Judy Jarecki-Black (Chairman)Dan Rosberger (Member)Rebecca Poston (Chairman)Rick Shunk (Member)Tharaknath Rao (Member)Malabikha Gosh (Member)Dan Achtley (Member)Silvana Vielma (Member)Paula Acierno (Member)

ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES

1979 - 1985 Director of Undergraduate Education, Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, MUSC (MUSC)

1982 - 1984 Policy and Procedures Advisory Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, MUSC (Chairman)

1984 - 1985 Vice Chairman for Academic Affairs, Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, MUSC

1985 - 1987 Member, Executive Committee, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC

1985 - 1997 Director of Education, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC

1995 - 1996 Vice-Chairman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC

1997-present Vice-Chairman for Education, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC


1998- present Director, Second Year Medical Curriculum, College of Medicine, MUSC

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS 1976 - 1977 Curriculum Committee, College of Graduate Studies, MUSC. 1977 - present Curriculum Committee, College of Medicine, MUSC; Chairman of Curriculum

Evaluation Sub-committee, 1982-1984; 1984-1987 - Chairman of Basic Sciences Steering Committee; 1985-1986 Member of Educational Environment Subcommittee; member the Curriculum Evaluation Subcommittee, 1990-1994; Chairman of the Basic Sciences Subcommittee, 1990-96; member of the Executive Committee, 1990-1996; member of the Undergraduate Education Curriculum Committee and of the Curriculum Coordinating Commitee, 1996-present; Chairman of the Basic Sciences Work Group, 1996; Chairman of the Task Force for PBL integration, 1997.

1979 - 1980 Ad-Hoc Committee on Grading and Re-Examination, College of Medicine, MUSC. 1979 Research Committee, MUSC. 1982 - 1983 University Humanities Committee, MUSC. 1983 Ad-Hoc Student Appeals Committee, Medical School, MUSC. 1992-present Honor Council, Medical School, MUSC. 1993-1995 Chairman, Resources Allocation Advisory Group, Department of Microbiology and

Immunology.Appointments and Promotions Committee, College of Medicine, M.U.S.C.Member, Faculty Development Advisory Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC.

1994-1995 Chairman, Honorary Degree Committee, 1995 Commencement1995 Chairman, Faculty Development Committee, Department of Microbiology and

Immunology, MUSC.1995-1997 LCME Self-Study Task force1996 MUSC Faculty Senate Academic Affairs Committee (Tenure)1997 CME Representative for the Basic Sciences1997 HSF Teaching Excellence Awards Selection Committee1997-01 College of Medicine President's Basic Science Award Selection Committee2003-2005 LCME Self-Study Task force

PEER REVIEWING ACTIVITIES Reviewer for the following journals: Academic Medicine, Clinical Immunology (formerly Clinical

Immunology and Immunopathology) ; Clinical Chemistry; Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology; Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine; Journal of Clinical Microbiology; Diabetologia, Diagnostic Immunology; Journal of Immunological Methods; Metabolism; Journal of Clinical Investigation; Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology; Vaccines; Circulation; Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

Reviewer of Research Grants for the following institutions: M.U.S.C. (Intramural applications); Kroc Foundation; Veterans Administration (National Merit Review Board in Immunology; local applications); British Columbia Health Care Research Foundation; National Science Foundation; Veterans Administration Research Service.

Member of a NIDA site visit team for a Drug Abuse Biomedical Research Center at the University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; March, 1988.


Member of an ad-hoc NIH Study Section for review of applications to an RFA on "Cardiac Transplant Atherosclerosis", Washington, DC, March 1989.

BOARD MEMBERSHIP

Member, The American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, 1985-1990

Chairman, Part I Examination Committee of the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, 1987-1990

Member, Advisory Committee for Part I Examination Committee of the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, 1992-present

Member, Cross-Step Task Force for Immunity of the National Board of Medical Examiners, 1994-1998

Member, Microbiology Test Committee of the National Board of Medical Examiners, 2002-2004

BOARD EXAMINER

Member of a panel of three examiners for the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, Washington, DC, October 10, 1980

Member of the Committee for Test Development, American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, 1982 - 1990

Member of the Oral Examination Committee, American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology, Spring 1986; Spring 1987

CONSULTANT

Consultant to the Medical College of Georgia, to assist in the planning of the Microbiology/Infectious Diseases course offered to sophomore medical students, June 1995.

Consultant to the Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, to assist in the planning of the Immunology and Microbiology/Infectious Diseases courses offered to medical students, April 1997.

INVITED PRESENTATIONS

1. "IgG sub-classes in relation to hyperviscosity and cryoglobulin syndromes." Myelomatosis workshop, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, 1971.

2. "IgG3: A remarkable sub-class of human immunoglobulin G." Symposium on Immunoglobulins, honoring Professor Jimenez Diaz. Madrid, Spain, 1972.

3. "Laboratorial study of the immunological function in the dermatologic patient." Report presented to the 7th Hispano-Portuguese Congress of Dermatology, Funchal, Madeira, 1973.

4. "Physiopathology of the malignancies of immunoglobulin-producing cells." Opening conference, 17th Annual Meeting of the Spanish Association of Haematologists, Santander, Spain, 1974.

5. "Transport of oligomeric IgA of systemic origin into external secretions." International Symposium on the Secretory Immune System and Caries Immunity," Birmingham, AL, 1977.

6. "Immunoglobulin function." Frontiers in Clinical Immunology, Hilton Head, S.C., 1978. 7. "The clinical significance of immunoglobulin testing." Hyland Immunology Symposium, Port

Chester, N., 1978. 8. "Nephelometric techniques in immunodiagnosis." American Society for Microbiology Symposium,

Los Angeles, CA, 1979.


9. "Immunological defenses in infectious diseases." 3rd Symposium on Infectious Diseases, Coimbra, Portugal, 1980.

10. "The physiopathological role of immune complexes in infectious diseases." 3rd Symposium on Infectious Diseases, Coimbra, Portugal, 1980.

11. "Nephelometric assays in clinical immunology." American Society for Microbiology Conference of Diagnostic Immunology, Clearwater Beach, FL, 1980.

12. "Physiopathology of the paraproteinurias." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1980.

13. "Multiple myeloma." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1980.

14. "Cryoglobulinemia." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1980.

15. "Nephelometric assays of apolipoprotein AI." Presented at a Symposium on "Coronary Heart Disease: New Directions in Risk Assessment," St. Louis, MO, 1980.

16. "Monitoring of plasmapheresis with immune complex screening tests." Presented at an International Meeting on "Complementary Approaches in Cancer Treatment," Como, Italy, 1982.

17. "Characteristics and physiopathological significance of immune complex cell interactions." Conference, IX Annual Meeting of The Portuguese Society for Immunology, Lisbon, Portugal, May 1983.

18. "Human phagocytic systems." Conference sponsored by The Portuguese Society for Immunology, Faculdade das Ciencias Medicas, Porto, Portugal, March, 1984.

19. "Immunology of diabetes." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1984.

20. "Immune complex diseases." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida Venezuela, 1984.

21. "Membrane markers in lymphoproliferative disorders." Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1984.

22. "Infections and atherosclerosis." Lecture at the Second Annual Alexis Carrel Conference on "Transplant Atherosclerosis," organized by Georgetown University, Division of Transplantation, Washington, DC, March 25-27, 1987.

23. "Regulation of the immune response". Seminar presented at the College of Charleston, October 21, 1987.

24. "Depression of humoral immunity by fish oil extracts and eicosapentanoic acid." FASEB Minisymposium, New Orleans, March 20, 1989.

25. "Depression of humoral immunity by fish oil extracts". FASEB Minisymposium, Atlanta, April 24, 1991.

26. Immunodiagnostics: What's new and what's useful. 144th Annual Meeting and Scientific Assembly of the South Carolina Medical Association, Charleston, May 2, 1992.

27. "New educational strategies for a traditional curriculum" - lecture presented at the opening plenary session of "New educational strategies for the basic sciences", Meeting co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, S.C. June 26-29, 1993.

28. "Clinical correlations in the traditional curriculum" workshop offered at the Meeting on New Educational Strategies for the Basic Sciences", co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, SC, June 26-29, 1993.


29. "Two computer tutorials for medical education", presented at the he Meeting on New Educational Strategies for the Basic Sciences", co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, SC June 26-29, 1993.

30. "Computer-based cases for teaching clinical correlations in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases", presented at the he Meeting on New Educational Strategies for the Basic Sciences", co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, SC June 26-29, 1993

31. “Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis”, presented at the First Portuguese Congress of Diabetes, Porto, February 25-26, 1994.

32. “Computer-based cases for teaching medical microbiology”, presented at a plenary session of the 5th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1994.

33. “Anti-oxidized LDL Antibodies: Characterization and Pathological Significance in Atherosclerosis”, presented to a joint meeting of the Catalonian Immunology Society and the Experimental Immunology Section of the Catalonian Biology Society, Barcelona (Spain) March 1995.

34. "Functional Evaluation of the Immune System in Humans", presented to a Workshop on "Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research: Potential for Assessing Military Capability" organized by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, under the sponsorship of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Washington DC, May 22-23, 1995.

35. "Experiences in Implementing Course-based Integration", presented at the BSEF Meeting on "Strategies for Integrating Clinical and Basic Sciences", Linconshire, IL, June 25, 1995.

36. "Strategies for Integration of Computer-Assisted Instructional Material into the Medical Curriculum", workshop presented at the BSEF Meeting on "Strategies for Integrating Clinical and Basic Sciences", Linconshire, IL, June 26, 1995.

37. “Experiences with non-traditional student evaluation methods”, workshop presented at the 6th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1996.

38. “Lectures vs. Small Group Teaching”, presented at a plenary session of the 6th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1996.

39. "Vaccines: Past, Present and Future" -Pediatrics Grand Rounds at the Greenville Memorial Hospital, November 21, 1996.

40. "Medical Education in the 21st Century", Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1997.

41. "Recent Advances on HIV-AIDS", Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1997.

42. "Vaccines: Past, Present and Future", Lecture at the Medical University Hospital, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 1997.

43. "Determining and Evaluating the Science Curriculum for the 21st Century", Discussant, Plenary session at the Third Biennial International Conference of the Basic Science Education Forum, Charleston, S.C. June 21-24, 1997.

44. "Anti-oxidized LDL autoantibodies", Lecture Presented to the Catalonian Academy of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain, January 1998.


45. "Discussion on Experiences with Non-Traditional Evaluation Methods", Lecture Presented at the 7th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 2-6, 1998

46. "The Dynamic Curriculum" - Presentation at a session organized by OSR as part of a meeting on "Physicians and Social Responsibility" sponsored by the AAMC, GSA and Southeastern Association of Advisors for the Health Professions, Charleston, SC, March 4-7, 1999

47. "The AIDS Pandemic" - Presentation at MUSC's Mini-Med School, Francis Marion College, Florence, S.C., March 23, 1999

48. "Antibody and Antigen-Antibody Complex Assays", Lecture presented at the Carolinas Clinical Connection 199 Meeting, Charleston, SC March 25, 1999

49. “El Uso de Computadoras en la Enseñanza de Medicina” (Computer-Assisted Instruction in Medical Education), Lecture presented at the XIV Venezuelan Congress of Medical Sciences, Mérida, Venezuela, March 27, 2000.

50. “Inmunización y Obscurantismo” (Immunization and Obscurantism), Lecture presented at the XIV Venezuelan Congress of Medical Sciences, Mérida, Venezuela, March 28, 2000.

51. “The Impact of Science in the Practice and Future Evolution of Medicine”. Lecture presented on the Basic Science Day, USC School of Medicine, April 11, 2005.

52. “Teaching in context: Principles and modalities” Apple Tree Society Brown Bag Session, MUSC, Sept. 27, 2005

53. “Microbiology as a Curriculum Based on Infection and Immunity”. Presentation at the AMSMIC Eleventh Educational Strategies Workshop. Myrtle Beach, April 29-May 3, 2006

54. “Writing Effective MCQ's Across Disciplines”. Workshop at the AMSMIC Eleventh Educational Strategies Workshop. Myrtle Beach, April 29-May 3, 2006

55. “Atherosclerosis and the Immune System”. Keynote Lecture at the 15th Southeast Lipid Research Conference, Callaway Gardens, GA, September 23, 2006.

56. “Development of Multiple Choice Questions: Rules, Expectations, and Limitations”. MUSC Seminar, Dec. 14, 2006.

ORGANIZATION OF CONFERENCES

"New Educational Strategies for the Basic Sciences", Meeting co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, SC, June 26-29, 1993. (Member of the Organizing Committee and local coordinator)

“Strategies for Integrating Clinical and Basic Sciences”, Second Biennial Basic Science Education Forum , Chicago, June 24-27, 1995 (Member of the Organizing Committee).

"Strategies for Teaching Medical Sciences in the 21st Century", Third Biennial International Conference of the Basic Science Education Forum, Charleston, S.C. June 21-24, 1997 (Member of the Organizing Committee and Local Coordinator)

"Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 7th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 2-6, 1998 (Member of the Organizing Committee)

Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 8th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 6-10, 2000 (Member of the Organizing Committee)


Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 9th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 1-5, 2004 (Member of the Organizing Committee)

Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 10th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. April 29-May3, 2006 (Member of the Organizing Committee)

CHAIRING OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS "Biological Aspects of Monoclonal Gammopathies". Symposium, 17th Annual Meeting of the Spanish

Association of Hematologists, Santander, Spain, 1974. "New Approaches for the Immunochemical Characterization of Immunoglobulin Abnormalities".

Workshop, European Immunology Meeting, Amsterdam, 1975. "Computers in Medical Education", Workshop held at the MUSC, February 19, 1993."Test Development", Workshop held at the MUSC, June 11, 1993.“Case-Based Clinical Correlation Exercises for a Traditional Curriculum”. Mini-Workshop presented at the

Annual Meeting of the AAMC Group of Educational Affairs, Washington DC, November 8, 1993.“Special Issues for Immunology Teaching”, workshop presented at the 5th Educational Strategies Workshop

sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1994.

"Implementing Content Integration", Symposium organized as part of the BSEF Meeting on "Strategies for Integrating Clinical and Basic Sciences", Linconshire, IL, June 25, 1995.

"Experiments in Medical Education", Workshop held at the MUSC, December 7, 1995."How to Design Multiple Choice that go Beyond Trivia Recall", Breakfast session at the "Strategies for

Teaching Medical Sciences in the 21st Century", Third Biennial International Conference of the Basic Science Education Forum, Charleston, S.C. June 21-24, 1997.

"Knowledge Objectives in Microbial Pathogenesis and Infectious Diseases", Workshop held at the 7th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 2-6, 1998

"Incorporating Microbiology and Immunology into the Clinical Years", Workshop held at the 7th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 2-6, 1998

“Development of an Integrated POPS - Infections in the Elderly”, Workshop held at the 10th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 1-5, 2004

"Multiple Choice Question Test Item Development." Apple Tree Society Brown Bag Session, MUSC, Nov. 10 2004

“The Development of Challenging Multiple Choice Questions.” Charleston Connections Conference on Innovations in Higher Education, May 13 2005, the Citadel, Charleston, SC

“Thirty Years of Experience with Group Learning at the Medical University of South Carolina.” Charleston Connections Conference on Innovations in Higher Education, May 13 2005, the Citadel, Charleston, SC

“Teaching in Context: Lectures and Small Group Activities”, Workshop included in “Faculty Development in Medical Student Education” co-sponsored by the Department of Pediatrics and AOA, August 5, 2005

“Writing Test Questions”, workshop included in the series “Clinicians as Teachers” organized by the Department of Clinical and Patient Education, MUSC, August 16, 2005


PARTICIPATION IN CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS1. "Immunomodulation and Thermotherapy in Cancer". 2nd Annual International Meeting San Rocco

82, Laco Cuomo, Italy, 1982.2. "Advances in Gene Technology: Molecular Biology of the Immune System". 17th Miami Winter

Symposium, Miami, FL, February 1985.3. "New Horizons in Platelet Activating Factor Research", Hilton Head, SC, May 1986.4. "Transplant Atherosclerosis". Alexis Carrel Conference. Georgetown University, Washington, DC,

March 1987.5. "Teaching Microbiology to Medical Students". 2nd Educational Strategies Workshop". Philadelphia,

PA, May 1988.6. "Teaching Microbiology and Immunology to Medical Students". 3rd Educational Strategies

Workshop". Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1990.7. "Teaching Microbiology and Immunology to Medical Students". 4th Educational Strategies

Workshop". Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1992.8. "New Educational Strategies for the Basic Sciences", conference co-sponsored by the AAMC:GEA's

Basic Science Education Forum and the MUSC, Charleston, SC, June 26-29, 1993.9. "Teaching Microbiology and Immunology to Medical Students". 5th Educational Strategies

Workshop". Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1994.10. Basic Science Education Forum Meeting on "Strategies for Integrating Clinical and Basic Sciences",

Linconshire, IL, June 24-27, 1995.11. "Teaching Microbiology and Immunology to Medical Students". 6th Educational Strategies

Workshop". Myrtle Beach, SC, May 1996.12. "Leadership Diversity Training Workshop" conducted by Thomas A. Gordon, Ph.D., Kiawah Island,

SC, March 16-17 1998.13. "Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 7th Educational Strategies Workshop

sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 2-6, 1998

14. Syllabus Workshops on “Developing Courses: Web publishing”, “Podium: Multimedia Authoring for Educators”, and “Introduction to Multimedia Tools/Windows”, Charleston, SC August 17-20, 1998.

15. 1999 Update on HIV/AIDS, Charleston, SC, March 20, 199916. Meeting of the AMA-Sponsored Task Force for Patient Oriented Problem Solving of Immunology in

Small Groups. Crystal River, FL, March 26-28, 199917. XIV Venezuelan Congress of Medical Sciences, Mérida, Venezuela, March 27, 2000.18. "Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 8th Educational Strategies Workshop

sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 1-5, 2004

19. Charleston Connections Conference on Innovations in Higher Education, May 13 2005, the Citadel, Charleston, SC

20. “Teaching Microbiology & Immunology to Medical Students" - 8th Educational Strategies Workshop sponsored by the Association of Medical School Microbiology and Immunology Chairs, Myrtle Beach, S.C. May 6-10, 2006


BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARTICLES IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND SERlAL PUBLICATIONS

1. G. Virella. The Immunoglobulins. I. General considerations. Medicina Universal, 10: 943-951, 1967. (Port.)

2. G. Virella. The Immunoglobulins. II. Laboratorial characterization. Medicina Universal, 10: 1035-1057, 1967. (Port.)

3. G. Virella. The Immunoglobulins. III. Immunoglobulin deficiencies physiopathological considerations. Medicina Universal, 11: 282-289, 1967. (Port.)

4. G. Virella. The Immunoglobulins. III. Immunoglobulin deficiencies - clinical considerations. Medicina Universal, 11: 632-653, 1968. (Port.)

5. G. Virella and M.F.L. Lopes. The Immunoglobulins. IV. Monoclonal gammopathies. Medicina Universal, 12: 23-38, 1969. (Port.)

6. G. Virella and M.L.F. Santos. Primary agammaglobulinaemia. Report of a case and some ethiopathogenical considerations. Medicina Universal, 2565, 969. (Port.)

7. G. Virella. Characterization of macroglobulinaemia by the penicillamine test. Sangre, 14: 183-194, 1969. (Span.)

8. G. Virella. Characterization of macroglobulinaemia by the rivanol test. Sangre 14: 463-470, 1969. (Span.)

9. G. Virella. Demonstration of molecular size differences between closely related antigens by a simple gel diffusion test. Experientia, 25: 1175-1177, 1969.

10. A. Howard and G. Virella. The separation of pooled IgG into fractions by isoelectric focusing and their electrophoretic and immunological properties. Protides of the Biological Fluids, 17: 449-453, 1970.

11. G. Virella. Therapeutic applications of thiols. Revista Portuguesa de Terapeutica Médica, 4: 41-47, 1970. (Port.)

12. G. Virella and A. Howard. Human immunoglobulin G sub-classes. Medicina Universal, 13: 161-176, 1970. (Port.)

13. G. Virella and M.F. Lopes-Virella. Effects of therapeutically useful thiols (DL-penicillamine and alpha-mercaptopropyonylglycine) on immunoglobulins. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 7: 85-108, 1970.

14. G. Virella and A. Howard. Correlation between electrophoretical mobility and heavy chain sub-classes of residual IgG from patients with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia. Experientia, 26: 901-903, 1970.


15. G. Virella, A. Howard and J. Cherrington. Distribution of heavy chain sub-classes of immunoglobulin G in normal IgG and residual IgG from hypogammaglobulinaemic sera. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 7: 671-680, 1970.

16. G. Virella and G. Tamagnini. Serum hyperviscosity and IgG3 pyroglobulinaemia. Arquivos Portugueses de Bioquimica, 11: 273-282, 1970. (Port.)

17. G. Virella and M.F.L. Lopes-Virella. Correlations between laboratorial studies, diagnosis, therapeutic, and prognosis of monoclonal gammopathies. Revista Portuguesa de Terapeutica Médica, 4: 190-200, 1970. (Port.)

18. G. Virella. Degradation of IgG3 monoclonal proteins during storage and in the presence of a thiol (DL-penicillamine) Experientia, 27: 94-96, 1971.

19. R.R. Dourmashkin, G. Virella, and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Electron microscopy of human and mouse serum IgA. Journal of Molecular Biology, 56: 207-208, 1971.

20. R.M.E. Parkhouse, G. Virella, and R.R. Dourmashkin. Structural characterization of a human monoclonal IgA protein. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 8: 581-591, 1971.

21. G. Virella, A. De Pascale and U. Lippi. Placental transfer of a human IgG2 monoclonal protein. Experientia, 27: 324-325, 1971.

22. G. Virella, and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Papain sensitivity of heavy chain sub-classes in normal human IgG and localization of antigenic determinants for the sub-classes. Immunochemistry, 8: 243-250, 1971.

23. G. Virella and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Detection of monomeric IgM by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis followed by agar gel immunodiffusion. Clinica Chimica Acta, 32: 427-431, 1971.

24. G. Virella, and J.R. Hobbs. Heavy chain typing in IgG monoclonal gammopathies with special reference to cases of serum hyperviscosity and cryoglobulinaemia. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 8: 973-980, 1971.

25. G. Virella. IgG sub-class in relation to viscosity and cryoglobulin syndromes. British Medical Journal, 2: 322, 1971. (Abstract)

26. G. Virella. Relations between human IgG sub-classes, serum hyperviscosity, and cryoprecipitability (Editorial). Sangre, 16: 329-336, 1971. (Span.)

27. G. Virella and M.C. Da Mota. Analytical study of immunoglobulin sub-units by SDS-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis. O Médico, 62: 86-89, 1972. (Port.)

28. G. Virella, G. Tamagnini and A. Howard. Possible enhancement of IgM catabolism by D-penicillamine. Protides of the Biological Fluids, 19: 455-460.

29. G. Virella, M.A.S. Nunes and J.A. Machado Caetano. Immunochemical study of commercial gamma globulins marketed in Portugal. Revista Portuguesa de Terapeutica Médica, 5: 97-104, 1971. (Port.)


30. G. Virella, M.A.S. Nunes and G. Tamagnini. Placental transfer of human IgG sub-classes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 10: 475-478, 1972.

31. S. Sequerra Amram, M.C. Vagueiro, M.I. do Carmo, G. Virella, H. Gaspar, M.C.B. da Silva and M.G. Salta. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Medicina Universal, 3: 95-104A, 1972. (Port.)

32. G. Virella, F. Parreira and S. Sequerra Amram. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis. I. Methodology. O Médico, 63: 953-962, 1972. (Port.)

33. G. Virella. Study of the effects of some thiol compounds on immunoglobulins. Jornal da Sociedade das Ciencias Médicas de Lisboa, 136: 229-300, 1972. (Port.)

34. J.J. Cream, A. Howard and G. Virella. IgG heavy chain sub-classes in mixed cryoglobulins. Immunology, 23: 405-411, 1972.

35. G. Virella. IgG3: A structurally remarkable sub-class of human immunoglobulin G. Sangre, 17: 283-292, 1972. (Span.)

36. G. Virella and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Determination of the molecular weight of human gamma-3 chains by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Immunology, 23: 857-860, 1972.

37. G. Virella and A. Coutinho. Preliminary results of experimental studies about the immunosuppressive effects of a thiol (alpha-mercaptopropyonylglycine). Revista Portuguesa de Terapeutica Médica, 6: 28-35, 1972. (Port.)

38. G. Virella, I.M. Coelho and F. Parreira. Immunochemical characterization of intracellular immunoglobulins from the bone marrow of patients with monoclonal and polyclonal gammopathies. Sangre, 17: 457-466, 1972. (Span.)

39. G. Virella and M.M. de Freitas. Structural characterization of immunoglobulins contained in polyacrylamide gel. Experientia, 29: 142-144, 1973.

40. G. Virella and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Sensitivity to reduction of human immunoglobulin G of different heavy chain sub-classes. Immunochemistry, 10: 213-217, 1973.

41. G. Virella and R.M.E. Parkhouse. Structural studies of human IgG monoclonal proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protides of the Biological Fluids, 20: 43-48, 1973.

42. G. Virella. Preparative block electrophoresis using Sephadex G-25. Experientia, 29: 502-504, 1973.

43. M.M. de Freitas, M.C. da Mota and G. Virella. Immunochemical and structural characterization of proteins contained in polyacrylamide gel. O Médico, 66: 825-827, 1973. (Port.)

44. G. Virella and M.T. Pereira. Study of salivary immunoglobulins from patients with abnormalities of IgA synthesis. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 1: 189-198, 1973. (Span.)


45. I.M. Coelho and G. Virella. Immune deficiency syndromes. Jornal da Sociedade das Ciencias Médicas de Lisboa, 137: 345-373, 1973. (Port.)

46. G. Virella and M.T. Pires. Characterization of proteinuria in patients with monoclonal gammopathies through sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protides of the Biological Fluids, 21: 407-412, 1974.

47. M.F. Lopes-Virella, S. Sequerra Amram, F. Parreira and G. Virella. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis. II. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. O Médico, 69: 495-500, 1973. (Port.)

48. M.F. Lopes-Virella, M. Martins Prata, G. Virella, and A Ducla Soares. Lipoproteins in the nephrotic syndrome. O Médico, 70: 153-155, 1974. (Port.)

49. G. Virella, M.T. Pires and I.M. Coelho. Analytical characterization of the urinary proteins from sixty patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Clinica Chimica Acta, 50: 63-75, 1974.

50. G. Virella and I.M. Coelho. Unexpected mobility of human lambda chains in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunochemistry, 11: 157-160, 1974.

51. I.M. Coelho, M.T. Pereira and G. Virella. Analytical study of salivary immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 17: 417-426, 1974.

52. G. Virella. Electrophoretic separation of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - Theoretical principles and some applications. Jornal da Sociedade das Ciencias Médicas de Lisboa, 138: 571-639, 1974. (Port.)

53. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, F. Parreira and S. Sequerra Amram. Comparative analysis of some techniques for the electrophoretic separation of serum lipoproteins. Revista Clinica Española, 133: 195-204, 1974. (Span.)

54. I.M. Coelho, M.T. Pereira, G. Virella and R.A. Thompson. Salivary immunoglobulins in a patient with IgA deficiency. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 17: 685-690, 1974.

55. R. Adolfo Coelho, G. Virella, V. H. Soares, A F. da Cunha and R. Valadas Preto. Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura associated with interstitial nephropathy and deficient tubular function. Revista Clinica Española, 133: 181-187, 1974. (Span.)

56. M.T. Pereira, G. Virella and C. Manso. Immunoglobulin G. Gm (5) allotype in glomerulopathies. Jornal da Sociedade das Ciencias Médicas de Lisboa, 138: 767-772, 1974. (Port.)

57. M.J. Metrass, G. Virella, M.A. Baptista-Cunha and G. Alfonso. Alpha chain-producing intestinal lymphoma. Sangre, 19: 418-434, 1974. (Span.)

58. G. Virella. Secretory immunoglobulins, part I (invited review). Rassegna Médica, 52: 36-41, 1975. (Port.)

59. G. Virella. Natural Antibodies. O Médico, 74: 75-79, 1975. (Port.)

60. G. Virella. Immunological response to infection with poxviruses of the vaccinia subgroup. O Médico, 74: 307-316, 1975. (Port.)


61. G. Virella, R. Valadas Preto and F. Graça. Polymerized monoclonal IgA in two patients with myelomatosis and hyperviscosity syndrome. British Journal of Haematology, 30: 475-483, 1975.

62. M.T. Pires, A.S. daCunha, G. Virella and J. Simões. Analytical characterization of urinary proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in renal disease. Clinical and histopathological correlations. Nephron, 14: 361-372, 1975.

63. G. Virella, J.J. Gervasio da Silva, M.F.L. Lopes-Virella and F. Parreira. Intracellular light chains in peripheral lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia and lambda Bence-Jones proteinuria. Sangre, 20: 456-466, 1975. (Span.)

64. G. Virella. Secretory Immunoglobulins, part II (invited review). Rassegna Médica, 53: 16-20, 1976. (Port.)

65. G. Virella. The electrophoretic mobility of serum lysozyme. Experientia, 31: 1465-1467, 1976.

66. G. Virella and M.C. Lechner. Two IgM paraproteins differing in carbohydrate content in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Clinica Chimica Acta, 67: 137-144, 1976.

67. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Light Chain Nephropathy (Letter to the Editor). New England Journal of Medicine, 294: 1007-1008, 1976.

68. M. F. Lopes-Virella, K. Sarji, G. Virella and J.A. Colwell. Platelet Lipoproteins. A comparative study with serum lipoproteins. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 439: 339-348, 1976.

69. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Polymerized IgA and serum hyperviscosity syndrome in human and animal multiple myeloma. La Ricerca, 6: 125-134, 1976.

70. G. Virella, J.M.N. Monteiro, M.F. Lopes-Virella, A. Ducla-Soares, H.H. Fudenberg. Asynchronous development of two monoclonal proteins (IgMk and 1 chains) in a patient with abdominal lymphoma. Cancer, 39: 2247-2253, 1977.

71. G. Virella. Electrophoresis of lysozyme into Micrococcus-containing agarose gel. Quantitative and analytical applications. Clinica Chimica Acta, 75: 107-115, 1977.

72. S. Mathur, G. Virella, J. Koistinen, E.O. Horger III, T.A. Mahvi, and H.H. Fudenberg. Humoral immunity in vaginal candidiasis. Infection and Immunity, 15: 287-294, 1977.

73. F. Chenais, G. Virella, C.D. Young, P. Liu and G.T. Whittle. Atypical B-cell dyscrasia with Bence-Jones proteinuria and intracellular retention of gamma chains. Acta Haematologica, 58: 166-172, 1977.

74. S.S. Spicer, R. Frayser, G. Virella, and B.J. Hall. Immunocytochemical localization of lysozymes in respiratory and other tissues. Laboratory Investigation, 36: 282-295, 1977.

75. J. Goudswaard and G. Virella. Immunochemical determination of human lysozyme by laser nephelometry. Clinical Chemistry, 23: 967-970, 1977.

76. S. Mathur, J. Koistinen, E.O. Horger III, C.U. Kyong, G. Virella, and H.H. Fudenberg. Antibodies to Candida albicans and serum IgA deficiency. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 136: 437-438, 1977.


77. Y. Yamamura, G. Virella, and J.S. Haskill. Immunologic responses to a murine mammary adenocarcinoma. I. Passive transfer of immunity by sera from tumor-bearing mice. International Journal of Cancer, 19: 707-716, 1977.

78. J. Goudswaard, G. Virella, A. Noordzij, and J. Pol. Isolation of equine IgG(T) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Immunochemistry 14: 717-719, 1977.

79. G. Virella, R.J. Slappendel, and J. Goudswaard. Multiple myeloma, IgA cryoglobulinemia, and serum hyperviscosity in a dog. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 55: 537-541, 1977.

80. G. Virella and C.-J. G. Yeh. The sensitivity to plasmin digestion of human IgG proteins of different heavy chain subclasses. Experientia, 33: 1231-1233, 1977.

81. T.B. Higerd, G. Virella, R. Cardenas, J. Koistinen, and J.W. Fett. New method for obtaining IgA-specific protease. Journal of Immunological Methods, 18: 245-249, 1977.

82. F. Chenais, G. Virella, C.C. Patrick, and H.H. Fudenberg. Isolation of soluble immune complexes by affinity chromatography using staphylococcal protein A - Sepharose as substrate. Journal of Immunological Methods, 18: 183-192, 1977.

83. G. Virella and M.F. Lopes-Virella. New approaches to the study of proteinuria. Clinical Chemistry, 23: 1793-1794, 1977 (Letter to the Editor)

84. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Comparison of immunoglobulin determinations in pathological sera by radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry. Clinical Chemistry, 23: 1925-1928, 1977.

85. G. Virella, J. Goudswaard, F.W. Tischendorf and H.H. Fudenberg. Urinary lysozme phenotypes in monocytic leukemia. Clinica Chimica Acta, 79: 503-506, 1977.

86. G. Virella, J. Koistinen, R. Cardenas, C.C. Patrick, T.B. Higerd, J.W. Fett, and H.H. Fudenberg. Differential sensitivity of IgA proteins of different subclasses and allotypes to reduction of disulfide bonds and digestion by streptococcal protease. Immunochemistry, 15: 165-170, 1978.

87. C.C. Patrick, G. Virella, J. Koistinen, and H.H. Fudenberg. Differential binding of IgA proteins of different subclasses and allotypes to staphylococcal protein A. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung, 153: 466-469, 1977.

88. P.C. Montgomery, S.A. Khaleel, J. Goudswaard, and G. Virella. Evidence for the selective transport of an oligomeric IgA to canine saliva. Immunological Communications, 6: 633-642. 1977.

89. C.C. Patrick and G. Virella. Isolation of normal human IgG3. Identical molecular weight for normal and monoclonal gamma-3 chains. Immunochemistry, 153: 466-470, 1977.

90. G. Virella and J. Goudswaard. Measurement of salivary lysozyme. Journal of Dental Research, 57: 326-328, 1978.

91. J. Goudswaard and G. Virella. New immunofluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of candidiasis using macrophage-engulfed antigens as substrate. Journal of Immunological Methods, 20: 357-363, 1978.


92. G. Virella, W.A. Hipp and W. Hood. Effect of antibody binding on the mobility of serum lysozyme. Clinical Chemistry, 24: 514, 1978 (Letter to the Editor)

93. J. Goudswaard and G. Virella. Use of laser nephelometry to measure dog Iysozyme: Immunological cross-reactivity with human lysozyme. Research in Veterinary Science, 24: 119-121, 1978.

94. G. Virella, M.F. Lopes-Virella, J. Levine, M. Ogawa and J. Gonzalez. "Idiopathic" Bence-Jones proteinuria. Acta Haematologica, 60: 269-279, 1978.

95. G. Virella, M. Waller and H.H. Fudenberg. Nephelometric method for determination of rheumatoid factor. Journal of Immunological Methods, 22:247-251, 1978.

96. C.U. Kyong, G. Virella, H.H. Fudenberg and C.P. Darby. X-linked immunodeficiency with increased IgM. Clinical, ethnic, and immunological heterogeneity. Pediatric Research, 12: 1024-1026, 1978.

97. G. Virella, J. Goudswaard and R.J. Boackle. Preparation of saliva samples for immunological determinations of immunoglobulins and for assay of lysozyme. Clinical Chemistry, 24: 1421-1422, 1978 (Letter to the Editor).

98. G. Virella, W.A. Hipp, J.F. John, Jr., B. Kahaleh, M. Ford and H.H. Fudenberg. Nephelometric detection of soluble immune complexes: Methodology and clinical applications. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 58: 402-410, 1979.

99. G. Virella, H.H. Fudenberg, K.U. Kyong, J.P. Pandey and R.M. Galbraith. A practical method for quantitation of antibody responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids in normal young children. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung, 155: 80-86, 1978.

100. G. Virella, J. Muñoz, J.E. Robinson and J.M. Goust. Assay of immunoglobulins in supernatants of lymphoid cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry. Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung, 155: 279-286, 1979.

101. J. Goudswaard, G. Virella and A. Noordzij. Difference in hydrophobicity of human and animal IgA. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases, 1: 163-168, 1979.

102. G. Virella, J. Muñoz, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, B. Ward and R. Gadsden. Rapid immunochemical determination of free hemoglobin in plasma and urine with a laser nephelometer. Clinical Chemistry, 25: 497-499, 1979 (Letter to the Editor).

103. J.P. Pandey, H.H. Fudenberg, G. Virella, E.C. Gotschlich, J.C. Parke, C.U. Kyong, C.B. Loadholt and R.M. Galbraith. Association between immunoglobulin allotypes and immune responses to vaccination with Hemophilus and meningococcus polysaccharides. The Lancet, i: 190-192, 1979.

104. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, M. De Beukelaer, C.J. Owens and J.A. Colwell. Urinary high density lipoprotein in minimal change glomerular disease and chronic glomerulopathies. Clinica Chimica Acta, 94: 73-81, 1979.


105. C.C. Patrick, G. Virella, J.F.A. McManus, W.P. Faulk, H.D. Hughson and H.H. Fudenberg. Induction of extraglomerular renal damage in experimental chronic serum sickness. I. Histological and immunofluorescent findings. Laboratory Investigation, 40: 603-614, 1979.

106. F. Chenais and G. Virella. Isolation of soluble immune complexes by affinity chromatography using staphylococcal protein-A Sepharose as substrate. Protides of the Biological Fluids, 26: 119-122, 1978.

107. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, G. Rosebrock, J. Sagel, J. Gonzalez and J. Colwell. Early diagnosis of renal malfunction in diabetics. Abnormal proteinuria revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Diabetologia, 16: 165-171, 1979.

108. S.H. Sandifer, R.T. Wilkins, N.H. Whitlock, G. Virella, C.B. Loadholt and T.C. Leitner. Urinary protein excretion in workers exposed to low doses of cadmium. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 23: 129-135, 1979.

109. J. Muñoz, G. Virella, M.P. Arala-Chaves and H.H. Fudenberg. Measurement of extracellular immunoglobulins as an index of B-cell function. Haematologia, 13: 213-223, 1980.

110. J. Pryjma, J. Muñoz, G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Evaluation of cell secreting IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE in pokeweed mitogen and S. aureus Cowan I stimulated cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cellular Immunology, 50: 115-129, 1980.

111. J.P. Salier, C. Rivat, L. Rivat, C. Bastard, G. Virella, H.H. Fudenberg and A.C. Wang. Quantitative studies of Gm allotypes. IV. Quantitative variation of Glm(3) antigenicity in relation to light chain type and VK subgroup. Molecular Immunology, 17: 229-235, 1980.

112. M.D. Pavy, P.L. Murphy and G. Virella. Paraprotein-induced hyperviscosity. A reversible cause of stroke. Postgraduate Medicine, 68: 109-112, 1980.

113. C.C. Patrick, G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Relationships between proteinuria, SDS-PAGE patterns, and glomerular and extraglomerular renal pathology in an experimental model of chronic serum sickness. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 104: 293-299, 1980.

114. G. Virella. Nephelometric techniques in immunodiagnosis. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: 1-16, 1980.

115. H.H. Fudenberg and G. Virella. Multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Unusual presentations. Seminars in Hematology, 17: 63-79, 1980.

116. J. Pryjma, J. Muñoz, R.M. Galbraith, H.H. Fudenberg and G. Virella. Induction and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis in cultures of human lymphocytes: Effects of pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. Journal of Immunology, 124: 656-661, 1980.

117. G. Virella. Screening for monomeric IgM: Some overlooked history. Clinical Chemistry, 26: 533-534, 1980 (Letter to the Editor).

118. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Isolation and characterization of soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes formed in vitro and in vivo in sera from patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 40: 445-452, 1980.


119. G.B. Estes, M. Muñoz, N.M. Burdash and G. Virella. A quantitative immunofluorescence test for the detection of anti-Candida antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods, 35: 105-113, 1980.

120. M. Muñoz, G. Estes, M. Kilpatrick, A. Di Salvo and G. Virella. Purification of cytoplasmic antigens from the mycelial form of Candida albicans: Possible advantages of its use in Candida serology. Mycopathologia, 72: 47-53, 1980.

121. G.B. Estes, N.M. Burdash, V. Papadopolous, C.B. Loadholt and G. Virella. Detection of anti-DNA antibodies by quantitative immunofluorescence. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: No. 8, 1-2, 1980.

122. M.F. Lopes-Virella, K. Adams, R. O'Dell and G. Virella. Cold agglutinin disease: A case complicated with an episode of acute renal failure. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: No. 9, 1-4, 1980.

123. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, G. Evans, S.B. Malenkos and J.A. Colwell. Immunonephelometric assay of human apolipoprotein AI. Clinical Chemistry, 26: 1205-1208, 1980.

124. G. Virella, D. Russell, M. Laimins and J.A. Colwell. Simplified method for detection of anti-insulin antibodies and insulin-anti-insulin complexes. Clinical Chemistry, 26: 1357-1359, 1980.

125. J. Munoz, J. Pryjma, H.H. Fudenberg and G. Virella. Immunoglobulin quantitation and enumeration of immunoglobulin-producing cells: Comparison of two indexes of B-cell activation. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 12: 345-353, 1980.

126. G. Virella. Is there an easy solution for an information overload in immunology? Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: No. 13, 7-8, 1980.

127. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Isolation of soluble immune complexes: Methods and applications. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: No. 15, 1-5, 1980.

128. G.B. Estes, M. Muñoz, N. Burdash and G. Virella. The serology of Candidiasis: Advantages of quantitative approaches using defined antigens. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 1: No. 20, 1-5, 1980.

129. J.A. Colwell, R.N.O. Nair, J. VanZile, J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Plasma factors and platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus. Hormone and Metabolic Research Suppl., 11: 1-6, 1981.

130. G. Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick, F. Chenais and H.H. Fudenberg. Isolation of soluble immune complexes from human serum: Combined use of polyethylene glycol precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on protein A - sepharose. Methods in Enzymology, 74: 644-663, 1981.

131. J. Muñoz, G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. A sensitive immunonephelometric assay for immunoglobulins released by cultured lymphocytes: Methodology and applications. Methods in Enzymology, 73: 578-596, 1981.

132. W.-Y. Chen, J. Muñoz, H.H. Fudenberg, E. Tung and G. Virella. Polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes by formaldehyde-fixed Salmonella paratyphi B. I. Immunoglobulin production without DNA synthesis. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 153: 365-374, 1981.


133. G. Virella, M.F. Lopes-Virella and G. Estes. Nephelometric assays in clinical immunology. Microbiology, 81: 326-331 (American Society of Microbiology).

134. J. Van Zile, J.M. Kilpatrick, M. Laimins, J. Sagel, J. Colwell and G. Virella. Platelet aggregation and release of ATP after incubation with soluble immune complexes purified from the serum of diabetic patients. Diabetes, 30: 575-579, 1981.

135. G. Virella, H..Wohltmann, J. Sagel, M.F.L. Lopes-Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick, C. Phillips and J. Colwell. Soluble immune complexes in patients with diabetes mellitus: Detection and pathological significance. Diabetologia, 21: 189-191, 1981.

136. G. Virella and A. Espinoza. Applications of staphylococcal protein A in clinical immunology. Clinical Immunology Newsletter, 2: 153-160, 1981.

137. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Development of a single numerical expression for the results of multiple screening tests for immune complexes in diabetic patients: use in statistical comparison of clinical and biochemically defined patient populations. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, 7: 163-166, 1982.

138. G.B. Estes and G. Virella. Quantitative immunofluorescence using the FIAX fluroimmunoassay system. Ligand Review, 3: 26-29, 1981.

139. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. The role of circulating immune complexes in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica Latina, 19:107-139, 1982.

140. G. Virella, A. Espinoza, H. Northrup and J.A. Colwell. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes release a factor(s) that induces platelet aggregation and ATP release after interaction with insoluble and surface-fixed immune complexes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 49: 684-694, 1982

141. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Statistical analysis of five immune complex screening assays: Patterns of detection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, infectious endocarditis, and diabetes mellitus. Diagnostic Immunology, 1: 57-63, 1983.

142. G. Virella. Clinical and laboratory study of humoral immunity. Prot: Specific protein analysis. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1(1): July 1983.

143. G. Virella. Malignancies of the humoral immune system. Prot: Specific protein analysis. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1(2):August 1983.

144. G. Burges, H.P. Holley and G. Virella. Circulating immune complexes in patients with Candida albicans infections. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 53: 165-174, 1983.

145. G. Virella, M.F. Lopes-Virella, C. Shuler, T. Sherwood, G.A. Espinoza, P.Winocour and J.A. Colwell. Release of PAF by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated by immune complexes bound to Sepharose particles and human erythrocytes. Immunology, 50: 43-51, 1983.

146. G. Virella, C.W. Shuler, and T. Sherwood. Non-complement-dependent adsorption of soluble immune complexes to human red cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 54: 448-454, 1983.


147. G. Virella. Immune complex diseases. Prot: Specific protein analysis. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1(6): December, 1983.

148. G.E. Burges, H.P. Holley, N.M. Burdash, and G. Virella. Immunological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and quantitative immunofluorescence using purified antigens. Diagnostic Immunology, 1: 295-302, 1983.

149. S. Sager, G. Virella, W-Y. Chen and H.H. Fudenberg. Isolation and characterization of an outer membrane protein of S. paratyphi B: a mitogen and polyclonal activator of human B lymphocytes. Immunology, 52: 67-78, 1984.

150. B. Battersby, T. Sherwood, P. Winocour and G. Virella. Human platelets aggregate during antigen-antibody reactions at different antigen-antibody ratios. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 15: 57-61, 1984.

151. Z. Chen, G. Virella, H.E. Tung, S.K. Ainsworth, R.M. Silver, A.-C. Wang, M.F. LaVia, H.R. Maricq and R.L. Dobson. Immune complexes and antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticentromere antibodies in scleroderma. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 11: 461-467, 1984.

152. L. Bonewald, G. Virella and A.C. Wang. Evidence for the biclonal nature of a Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Clinica Chimica Acta, 146: 53,63, 1985.

153. Y.K. Chou, T. Sherwood and G. Virella. Erythrocyte-bound immune complexes trigger the release of interleukin-l from human monocytes. Cellular Immunology, 91: 308-314, 1985.

154. J.M. Kilpatrick, A. Pitt, S.K. Ainsworth and G. Virella. Validation of the PEG-IgG screening test for soluble immune complexes by longitudinal studies in experimental acute serum sickness. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 17: 79-84, 1985.

155. M.F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Immunological and microbiological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 37: 377-386, 1985.

156. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Inhibition of platelet activating factor by rabbit C-reactive protein. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 37: 276-281, 1985.

157. G. Virella, B. Hyman and J.M. Kilpatrick. Solid-phase enzymoimmunoassay of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies. Diagnostic Immunology, 3: 215-219, 1985.

158. T.A. Sherwood and G. Virella. The binding of immune complexes to human red cells: Complement requirements and fate of the RBC-bound IC after interaction with human phagocytic cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 64: 195-204, 1986.

159. G. Burges, H.P. Holley and G. Virella. Immunoglobulin class of anti-Candida antibodies in patients with vaginal candidiasis. Diagnostic Immunology, 4: 43-46, 1986.

160. G. Virella, T.A. Sherwood, and M.T. Moore. The interaction between soluble immune complexes and human erythrocytes: general characteristics and significance. Inmunologia (Invited Review), 5: 39-45, 1986.


161. G. Virella and A.B. Glassman. Apheresis, exchange, adsorption and filtration of plasma: four approaches to the removal of undesirable circulatory substances. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Invited Review), 40: 286-296, 1986.

162. J.M. Kilpatrick, A. Pitt, S. Allen, S.K. Ainsworth, J. Castriotta and G. Virella. Treatment of acute serum sickness by plasma ultrafiltration. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 293: 75-84, 1987.

163. G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Infections and Atherosclerosis. Transplantation Proceedings, 19: 26-35, 1987.

164. J.M. Kilpatrick, B. Hyman and G. Virella. Human endothelial cell damage induced by interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and immune-complex-coated erythrocytes. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 44: 335-347, 1987.

165. M.T. Rugeles, M. LaVia, J-M. Goust, J.M. Kilpatrick, B. Hyman and G. Virella. Autologous RBC potentiate antibody synthesis by unfractionated human mononuclear cell cultures. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 26: 119-127, 1987.

166. Y.K. Chou, W. Stanley, G. Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick and H.H. Fudenberg. Generation of phenotypically distinct macrophage-hepatoma hybrids. Immunobiology 174: 444-459, 1987.

167. M.T. Rugeles and G. Virella. The CD2 /LFA-3 interaction: An alternative pathway of T cell activation. Clinical Immunology Newsletter (Invited Review), 9: 39-43, 1988.

168. G. Virella, M.T. Rugeles, B. Hyman, M. LaVia, J.M. Goust, M. Frankis and B.E. Bierer. The interaction of CD2 with its LFA-3 ligand expressed by autologous erythrocytes results in enhancement of B cell responses. Cellular Immunology. 116: 308-319, 1988.

169. A. Gabrielli, R. Silver, G. Teti, M.S. Chiofalo, A. Misefari, D. Venza-Teti, G. Virella, and M.F. La Via. Mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibit a depressed IgM response to sheep erythrocyte stimulation in vitro. Diagnostic and Clinical Immunology, 5: 266-268, 1988.

170. R.L. Griffith, G.T. Virella, H.C. Stevenson and M.F. Lopes-Virella. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism by human macrophages activated with low density lipoprotein immune complexes: a possible mechanism of foam cell formation. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 168:1041-1059, 1988.

171. G. Virella, J. Michael Kilpatrick, Maria Teresa Rugeles, Barbara Hyman, and Roger Russell. Depression of humoral responses and phagocytic functions in vivo and in vitro by fish oil and eicosopentanoic acid. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 52: 257-270, 1989.

172. M. Vaughn, G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Diabetes, autoimmunity and arteriosclerosis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 52: 414-420, 1989.

173. R. Trifiletti, M. LaVia, and G. Virella. The potentiation of B lymphocyte responses through CD2/LFA3 interactions involving erythrocytes is IL2 independent. Cellular Immunology, 124: 359-367, 1989.

174. G. Virella. Los globulos rojos y el sistema inmune (Red cells and the immune system). Sangre, 34: 355-364, 1989 (Span.)


175. G. Virella, R. Trifiletti, B. Hyman, M. LaVia and W. Knapp. The stimulation of T cells with anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies facilitates the induction of polyclonal B cell responses but does not enhance the activation of antigen-specific B cells. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 31: 25-32, 1990.

176. G. Virella, T. Thompson and R. Haskill-Stroud. A new quantitative NBT reduction assay based on kinetic colorimetry. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis,, 4: 86-89, 1990.


177. G. Virella and B. Hyman. Quantitation of anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies by enzymoimmunoassay: methodology and applications. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 5: 43-48, 1991.

178. C. Gisinger, G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Erythrocyte-bound low-density lipoprotein immune complexes lead to cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 59: 37-52, 1991.

179. G. Virella, Kimberly Fourspring, Barbara Hyman, Rebecca Haskill-Stroud, L. Long, Isabel Virella, M. LaVia, A.J. Gross, Maria Lopes-Virella. Immunosuppressive effects of fish oil in normal human volunteers: correlation with the in vitro effects of eicosapentanoic acid on human lymphocytes. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 61: 161-176, 1991.

180. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, R.L. Griffith, R. Shunk and G. Virella. Enhanced uptake and impaired intracellular metabolism of LDL complexed with anti-LDL antibodies. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 11: 1356-1367, 1991.

181. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella Immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, 41 (Suppl. 2): 86-91, 1992.

182. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella Lipoproteins and immune responses in the vascular wall and their contribution to atherosclerosis in diabetes. Metabolism, 41(Suppl. 1): 11-15, 1992.

183. José Muñoz and G. Virella. Inmunopatología de la arteriosclerosis (Immunopathology of atherosclerosis). Inmunologia (Barcelona), 11: 86-97, 1992.

184. G. Virella, Isabel Virella, R.B. Leman, M.B. Pryor, and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies in patients with coronary heart disease and normal healthy volunteers. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res., 23: 95-101, 1993.

185. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Atherosclerosis and Autoimmunity. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 73 (2): 155-167, 1994.

186. J.M. Hathaway, R.A. Harley, S. Self, G. Schiffman and G. Virella. Immunological function in post-traumatic splenosis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 74 (2):143-150, 1995.

187. G. Virella, Marina Mironova and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Comparing assays of antibodies to modified low-density lipoproteins. Clinical Chemistry , 41 (2): 324-325,1995.

188. G. Virella, J.F. Muñoz, Gillian M. Galbraith, C. Gissinger, Charlene Chassereau and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Activation of human monocyte-derived macrophages by immune complexes containing low density lipoprotein. Clinical Immunology and Immunopatholog y, 75: 179-189, 1995.

189. P. Gergen, Geraldine M. McQuillan, Michele Kiely, Trena M. Ezzati-Rice, Roland W. Sutter and G. Virella. Serologic immunity to tetanus in the U.S. population: Implications for national vaccine programs. New England Journal of Medicine, 332 (12): 761-766, 1995.

190. Marina Mironova, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, and G. Virella. Isolation and characterization of human anti-oxidized LDL auto-antibodies. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vasc. Biol., 16: 222-229 1996.


191. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, R.L. Klein and G. Virella. Modification of Lipoproteins in Diabetes. Diabetes -Metabolism Reviews, 12: 69-90, 1996.

192. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Modified Lipoproteins, cytokines, and macrovascular disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Annals of Medicine, 28: 347-354, 1996

193. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Marina Mironova and G. Virella. LDL-containing immune complexes and atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Reviews, 58: 410-424, 1997

195. Sarah H. Gueldner, L.W.Poon, M. La Via, G. Virella et al. Long term exercise patterns and immune function in healthy older women. A report of preliminary findings. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 93: 215-222, 1997

196. Melodie Olson, N. Sneed, M. La Via, G. Virella et al. Stress-induced immunosuppression and therapeutic touch. Journal of Alternative Medicine and Therapies, 3: 68-74, 1997.

197. Marina Mironova, G. Virella, Isabel Virella-Lowell and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Anti-modified LDL antibodies and LDL-containing immune complexes in well-controlled IDDM patients and healthy controls. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 85: 73-82, 1997.

198. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, N. Binzafar, Sarah Rackley, A. Takei. M. La Via and G. Virella. The uptake of LDL-IC by human macrophages: Predominant involvement of the FcRI receptor. Atherosclerosis, 135: 161-170, 1997.

199. Roby L. Rogers, T.A. Javed, R.E. Ross, G. Virella, R.K. Stuart and D. Frei-Lahr. Transfusion management of an IgA deficient patient with anti-IgA and incidental correction of IgA deficiency after bone marrow transplantation. American Journal of Hematology, 57: 326-330, 1998.

200. Sinikka Koskinen, Candace Enockson, Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Preparation of a human standard for the determination of the levels of antibodies to oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 5: 817-822, 1998.

201. Maria F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, T.J. Orchard, S. Koskinen, R.W. Evans, D.J. Becker and K. Y-Z. Forrest. Oxidized LDL- antibodies and LDL-containing immune complexes as risk factors for coronary artery disease in diabetes mellitus. Clinical Immunology, 90: 165-172, 1999.

202. Rose Ann Rigby Weaver, G. Virella and Amy Weaver. Ehrlichiosis with severe pulmonary manifestations in spite of early treatment. Southern Medical Journal, 92:336-339, 1999.

203. T.J. Orchard, G. Virella, Kimberly Y-Z. Forrest, Dorothy J. Becker, and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Antibodies to oxidized LDL predict CAD in type 1 diabetes: A nested case control study from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complication study. Diabetes, 48: 1454-1458, 1999.

204. Lopes-Virella MF, Koskinen S, Mironova M, Horne D, Klein R, Chassereau C, Enockson C, Virella G. The preparation of copper-oxidized LDL for the measurement of oxidized LDL antibodies by EIA. Atherosclerosis, 152:107-15, 2000.

205. Virella G, Koskinen S, Krings G, Onorato J.M., Thorpe S.R. and Lopes-Virella M. Immunochemical Characterization of Purified Human Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Antibodies. Clinical Immunology, 95: 135-144, 2000.


206. Mironova, M., Klein, R.L., Virella, G. and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Anti-modified LDL antibodies, LDL-containing immune complexes, and susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 49: 1033, 2000.

207. Huang Y, Fleming AJ, Wu S, Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF. Fc-gamma receptor cross-linking by immune complexes induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 in U937 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 12:2533-2538, 2000

208. Hall, P.D., Virella, G., Willoughby, T., Atchley, D., Kreitman, R.J., Frankel, A.E. Antibody response to DT-GM, a novel fusion toxin consisting of a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) linked to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating fcator (GM), during a phase I trial of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical Immunology, 100: 191-197, 2001

209. Vielma, S. Virella,G., Gorod, A.J., and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection of human aortic endothelial cells induces the expression of Fc Receptor II (FcRII). Clinical Immunology, 104: 265-273, 2002

210. Virella, G., Atchley, D. Koskinen, S., Zheng, D., Lopes-Virella, M. F. and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties of immune complexes prepared with purified human oxLDL antibodies and human oxLDL. Clinical Immunology, 105: 81-92, 2002.

211 Atchley, D., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Zheng, D., Virella, G., and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Oxidized LDL - Anti-Oxidized LDL Immune Complexes and Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetologia, 45: 1562-1571, 2002

212. Virella, G. and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Humoral Immunity and Atherosclerosis. Nature Medicine, 9: 243-244, 2003

213 Virella, G., Thorpe, S, Alderson,N.L., Stephan, E.M., Atchley, D., Wagner, F., Lopes-Virella, M. F. and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Autoimmune response to advanced glycosylation end-products of human low density lipoprotein. J. Lipid Research 443:487-493, 2003

214. Fu, Y., Huang, Y., Bandyopadhyay, S., Virella, G., Lopes-Virella, M.F. LDL immune complexes stimulate low density lipoprotein receptor expression in U937 histiocytes via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AP-1. J. Lipid Research, 44: 1315-1321, 2003.

215. Lopes-Virella, M.F. and Virella, G. The role of immune and inflammatory processes in the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8: s750-768, 2003

216. Virella, G. and Lopes-Virella, M. F. Lipoprotein autoantibodies: measurement and significance. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 10:499-505, 2003

217. Lopes-Virella, M.F. and Virella, G. The Pro-inflammatory Role of the Immune Response in Atherosclerosis. Athero.org (Official Website of the International Atherosclerosis Society), March 16 2004. Electronic address: http://www.athero.org/commentaries/comm269.asp

218. Lopes-Virella, M.F., Mironova, M., Stephan, E., Durazo-Arvizu, R. and Virella, G. Role of simvastatin as an immunomodulator in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27: 908-913, 2004.

http://www.athero.org/commentaries/comm269.asp


219. Virella, G., Thorpe, S, Alderson,N.L., Derrick, M. B., Chassereau, C.; Rhett, J.M. and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Definition of the immunogenic forms of modified human LDL recognized by human autoantibodies and by rabbit hyperimmune antibodies. J. Lipid Research, 45:1859-67, 2004.

220. Virella, G., Derrick, M. B., Pate, V., Chassereau, C., Thorpe,, S.R. and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Development of capture assays for different modifications of human Low-Density Lipoprotein. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 12: 68-75, 2005.

221. Cassidy, W.M., Jones, G., Williams, K., Deforest, A., Forghani, B., Virella, G., Venters, C. Safety and immunogenicity of concomitant versus nonconcomitant administration of hepatitis B, tetanus-diphtheria, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines in healthy eleven- to twelve-year-olds. J Adolesc Health. 36:187-92, 2005.

222. Costacou, T., Lopes-Virella, M.F., Zgibor, J. C., Virella, G., Otvos, J., Walsh, M., Orchard, T.J. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in the prediction of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes. The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. J. Diabetes and its Complications, 19:183-193, 2005

223. Lopes-Virella, M.F., Thorpe, S, Derrick, M. B., Chassereau, C., and Virella, G. The immunogenicity of Modified Lipoproteins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1043:367-378, 2005.

224. Yishak, A.A., Costacou, T., Virella, G., Zgibor, J., Fried, L., Walsh, M., Evans, R.W., Lopes-Virella, M., Kagan, V.E., Otvos, J., and Orchard, T.J. Novel predictors of overt nephropathy in subjects with type 1 diabetes. A nested case control study from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) cohort. Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, 21: 93-100, 2006.

225. Lopes-Virella, M. F., B. McHenry M, L. S., Y. E., P. F. Wilson, D. T. Lackland, T. Lyons, J. A. J., G. Virella, and D. E. R. Group. Immune complexes containing modified lipoproteins are related to the progression of internal carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 190: 359-69, 2007. (Epub 2006 Mar 10)

← 226. Saad, A.F., Virella, G., Chassereau, C., Boackle, R.J. and Lopes-Virella, M.F. Autoimmune OxLDL Immune-Complexes Activate The Classical Pathway Of Complement And Induce Cytokine Production By Mono Mac 6 Cells and Primary Human Macrophages. J. Lipid Research, 47: 1975-83, 2006. (Epub 2006 Jun 27)

BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS

1. G. Virella. Heavy chain subclasses of human immunoglobulin G. Doctorate thesis, 1974 (Port).

2. H.H. Fudenberg and G. Virella. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. An interpretative review. In "Cancer Chemotherapy III" (Brodsky, I., and Kahn, S.B., Eds.), Grune & Stratton, New York, 1978, pp. 395-405.

3. G. Virella, P.C. Montgomery and Isabel M. Coelho-Lemaitre. Transport of oligomeric IgA of systemic origin into external secretions. In "Secretory Immune System and Infection" (McGhee, J.R., Mestecky, J., and Babb, J.L., Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1978, pp. 241-251.

4. R.J. Boackle, G. Virella, A.C. Wang, and H.H. Fudenberg. Immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases: Antibodies in body fluids, in Immunology of Human Infection (R.A. Good, Editor-in-Chief) part II, Plenum Press, N.Y., pp. 515-559, 1982.


5. H.H. Fudenberg and G. Virella. Immunology (passive transfer of cell mediated hypersensitivity). In McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, 1982-83, pp. 253-255.

6. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Secondary Immunodeficiencies. In "The Pathophysiology of Human Immunologic Disorders" (J.J. Twomey, Editor). Urban and Schwartzenberg, 1982, pp. 91-124.

7. J. Goudswaard and G. Virella. Role and value of lysozyme determination for nonimmune diagnosis of kidney disease. In "Non Invasive Diagnosis of Kidney Disease" (G. Lubec, Editor), Karger Continuing Education Series, Vol. 3, pp. 19-37, S. Karger, Basel, 1983.

8. G. Virella and H. H. Fudenberg. Monitoring of plasmapheresis with immune complex screening tests. In "Hyperthermia and Immunomodulation in Cancer" (H.H. Fudenberg, P. Pontiggia and C. Ogier, Eds) ACTA Medical Press, Rome, 1983, pp. 283-292.

9. M. Arlen, J.W. Scherrer, H.H. Fudenberg, G. Virella, P. Arlen and B. Levowitz. IgG immune complexes in patients with progressive tumor growth. In "Hyperthermia and Immunomodulation in Cancer" (H.H. Fudenberg, P. Pontiggia and C. Ogier, Eds) ACTA Medical Press, Rome, 1983, pp. 283-292.

10. M.F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Immunochemical determination of human apolipoproteins by laser nephelometry. Proc. Work. Apolipoprotein quality (K. Kippel, Ed) NIH Publication No. 83-1266, August 1983, pp. 289-304.

11. G. Virella and M.F. Lopes-Virella. Diagnostic value of quantitative studies of urinary proteins. In "Methods in Nephrology: A Handbook on Non-invasive Diagnosis for the Nephrological Team" (G. Lubec, Ed) J. Libbey and Co., London, pp. 150-160, 1983.

12. G. Virella, C.C. Patrick, J.M. Goust and H.H. Fudenberg. Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1986.

12a. G. Virella. Introduction (Chapter 1 of ref. 12). 12b. C.C. Patrick, J.M. Goust and G. Virella. Tissues and cells involved in the immune reponse (Chapter

2 of ref. 12). 12c. G. Virella. Antigenicity and immune recognition (Chapter 4 of ref. 12). 12d. G. Virella. Immunoglobulin structure (Chapter 5 of ref. 12). 12e. G. Virella. Biosynthesis, metabolism and biological properties of immunoglobulins (Chapter 6 of

ref. 12). 12f. G. Virella. Antigen-antibody reactions (Chapter 8 of ref. 12). 12g. G. Virella. The humoral immune response (Chapter 12 of ref. 12). 12h. G. Virella. Immunological aspects of the host parasite relationship (Chapter 13 of ref. 12). 12i. G. Virella. Immunoserology and diagnostic immunochemistry (Chapter 14 of ref. 12). 12j. G. Virella. Diagnostic evaluation of humoral immunity (Chapter 15 of ref. 12). 12k. C.C. Patrick, J.M. Goust and G. Virella. Diagnostic evaluation of cell-mediated immunity (Chapter

16 of ref. 12). 12l. G. Virella. Diagnostic evaluation of phagocytic function (Chapter 17 of ref. 12). 12m. G. Virella. Hypersensitivity reactions (Chapter 18 of ref. 12). 12n. G. Virella. Immunohematology (Chapter 20 of ref. 12). 12o. G. Virella. Immune complex disease (Chapter 21 of ref. 12). 12p. J.M. Goust, H.H. Fudenberg, R.M. Galbraith and G. Virella. Immunosuppression and

immunomodulation (Chapter 27 of ref. 12).12q. G. Virella. Transplantation immunology (Chapter 28 of ref. 12).


12r. G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Malignancies of the immune system (Chapter 30 of ref. 12). 12s. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Immunodeficiency diseases (Chapter 31 of ref. 12).13. G. Virella and T.A. Sherwood. Erythrocyte-bound immune complexes stimulate the release of

platelet activating factor by human PMN leukocytes. In "New Horizons in Platelet Activating Factor Research" (C.M. Winslow and M.L. Lee, Eds) John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, 1987, pp. 87-96.

14. M.F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Virus and arteriosclerosis. in "Proceedings of the 4ème Rencontres Internationales de Recherches et de Technologies Médicales et Pharmaceutiques" Euromedicine '88, Montpellier, France, pp. 400-402, 1988.

15. G. Virella, J.M. Goust and H.H. Fudenberg. Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 2nd Edition, 1990.

16. Maria F.Lopes-Virella. and G. Virella. Immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. in "Hypercholesterolemia, Hypocholesterolemia, Hypertryglyceridemia", Malmandier, C. Ed., Plenum Publishing Co., NY 1990 , pp. 383-392.

17. Maria F.Lopes-Virella. and G. Virella. The role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. in Proceedings of the 14th International Diabetes Federation Congress, Elsevier, 1992

18. G. Virella. Humoral Immunity and Complement. in "Infections in Immunocompromised Infants and Children (C.C. Patrick, Editor), Churchill-Livingstone, New York, 1992, pp.75-94.

19. G. Virella (Ed.). Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 3rd Ed., 1993.20. M. Grieco and G. Virella. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In "Principles and Practice of

Medical Therapy In Pregnancy", 3rd. Ed. 1998.21. G. Virella (Ed.). NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Williams & Wilkins, 1997.

(Polish Edition 2000, Urban & Partner, Wroclaw)21a. Victor Del Bene, John Manos and G. Virella. Antibacterial Agents (Ch. 4 of NMS Microbiology and

Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 41-51.21b. Victor Del Bene, John Manos and G. Virella. Bacterial Resistance to Antibacterial Agents (Ch. 5 of

NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 53-63.

21c. G. Virella. Anti-infectious Host Defenses. (Ch. 8 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 73-81.

21d. G. Virella. Immunoprophylaxis (Ch. 9 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 83-87.

21e. Lisa L. Steed and G. Virella. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. (Ch. 10 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 91-96.

21f. Edmund Farrar, Michael G. Schmidt, G. Virella and Gerald E. Wagner. Gram negative cocci: Neisseria and Moraxella. (Ch. 14 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 125-132.

21g. G. Virella. Gram Negative Rods I: Haemophilus and Bordetella. (Ch. 15 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 133-140.

21f. G. Virella and Michael G. Schmidt. Gram Negative Rods II: Enterobacteriaceae and Other Enteropathogenic Gram-Negative Rods. (Ch. 16 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 141-157.


21g. G. Virella. Gram-Negative Rods III: Opportunistic and Zoonotic Bacteria. (Ch. 17 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 159-166.

21h. G. Virella and John Manos. General Characteristics and Classification of Viruses. (Ch. 22 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 205-209.

21i. G. Virella and Salvatore Arrigo. Viral Replication. (Ch. 23 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 211-223.

21j. G. Virella and Salvatore Arrigo. Viral Genetics. (Ch. 24 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 225-231.

21k. John Manos and G. Virella. Viral Infections: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology. (Ch. 26 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 241-249.

21l. G. Virella and Salvatore Arrigo. DNA Tumor Viruses and Retroviruses. (Ch. 27 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 251-261.

21m. G. Virella. Viruses and the Immune System.(Ch. 23 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 263-267.

21n. John Manos, David T. Kingsbury and G. Virella. RNA Viruses V: Other RNA Viruses. (Ch. 37 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 315-321.

21o. Gerald E. Wagner, G. Virella and Victor Del Bene. Bacteremia and Sepsis. (Ch. 47 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 409-417.

21p. George M. Johnson, Gerald E. Wagner and G. Virella. Meningitis and Encephalitis. (Ch. 49 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 429-440.

21q. Gerald E. Wagner, G. Virella and Victor Del Bene. Urinary Tract Infections. (Ch. 51 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 449-454.

21r. G. Virella and Edmund Farrar. Gastroeneteritis and Food Poisoning. Gerald E. Wagner, G. Virella and Victor Del Bene. Bacteremia and Sepsis. (Ch. 52 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 455-463.

21s. Victor del Bene, Gerald E. Wagner and G. Virella. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Gerald E. Wagner, G. Virella and Victor Del Bene. Bacteremia and Sepsis. (Ch. 54 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 473-479.

21t. G. Virella and Salvatore Arrigo. HIV and AIDS. Gerald E. Wagner, G. Virella and Victor Del Bene. Bacteremia and Sepsis. (Ch. 57 of NMS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed., Virella G. Editor), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, p. 501-515.

22. G. Virella, Candace Enockson and M. La Via. New approaches to the study of abnormal immune function. (Ch. 21 of Emerging technologies for nutrition reasearch, Carlson-Newberry, SJ and Costello, RB, Eds.) National Academy Press, 1997, p. 431-450.


23. G. Virella (Ed.). Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998. (Italian Edition, 1999, Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padua).

23a G. Virella. Introduction (Chapter 1 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23b G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Cells and tissues involved in the immune reponse . (Chapter 2 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23c G. Virella and Barbara Bierer. The induction of an immune response: Antigens, lymphocytes, and accessory cells. (Chapter 4 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23d G. Virella and A.C. Wang. Immunoglobulin structure (Chapter 5 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23e G. Virella and A.C. Wang. Biosynthesis, metabolism and biological properties of immunoglobulins (Chapter 6 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23f G. Virella. Antigen-antibody reactions (Chapter 8 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23g G. Virella. The humoral immune response and its induction by active immunization (Chapter 12 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23h G. Virella. Infections and immunity (Chapter 13 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23i G. Virella. Immunoserology (Chapter 14 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23j G. Virella. Diagnostic evaluation of humoral immunity (Chapter 15 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23k G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Diagnostic evaluation of lymphocyte functions and cell-mediated immunity (Chapter 16 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23l G. Virella. Diagnostic evaluation of phagocytic function (Chapter 17 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23m J.M. Goust, G. Tsokos, and G. Virella. Tolerance and autoimmunity (Chapter 18 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23n C.C. Patrick, J.m. Goust and G. Virella. Organ-specific autoimmune diseases. (Chapter 19 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23o G. Virella. Hypersensitivity reactions (Chapter 22 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23p. G. Virella and Mary Ann Spivey. Immunohematology (Chapter 24 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23q G. Virella and G. Tsokos. Immune complex diseases (Chapter 25 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23r. J.M. Goust, H. Stevenson-Perez, and G. Virella. Immune system modulators (Chapter26 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23s. G. Virella and J.S. Bromberg. Transplantation immunology (Chapter 27 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

23t. G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Malignancies of the immune system (Chapter 29 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).


23u. G. Virella. Immunodeficiency diseases (Chapter 30 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 4th Ed., 1998).

24. M. Grieco and G. Virella. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Chapter 56 of Principles and Practice of Medical Therapy in Pregnancy, Gleicher N., Ed.) Appleton & Lange, Stamford, CN, 1998

25. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and Virella, G. The Immunology of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Annual, vol. 11 (Marshall, S.M., Home, P.D. and Rizza, R.A., Eds). Elsevier, p. 81-95, 1998.

26. G. Virella. NMS Q&A Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1999.

27. G. Virella. Diagnostic Evaluation of Neutrophil Function in “The Neutrophils: New Outlook for Old Cells” (Gabrilovich, D.I., Editor). Imperial College Press, London 1999, p. 275-297.

24. M. Grieco and G. Virella. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Chapter 56 of Principles and Practice of Medical Therapy in Pregnancy, Gleicher N., Ed.) Appleton & Lange, Stamford, CN, 1998

25. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and Virella, G. The Immunology of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Annual, vol. 11 (Marshall, S.M., Home, P.D. and Rizza, R.A., Eds). Elsevier, p. 81-95, 1998.

26. G. Virella. NMS Q&A Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1999.

27. G. Virella. Diagnostic Evaluation of Neutrophil Function in “The Neutrophils: New Outlook for Old Cells” (Gabrilovich, D.I., Editor). Imperial College Press, London 1999, p. 275-297.

28. G. Virella (Ed.). Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 200128a G. Virella. Introduction (Chapter 1 of Medical ImmunologyMarcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001). 28b G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Cells and tissues involved in the immune reponse . (Chapter 2 of

Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).28c G. Virella and Barbara Bierer. The induction of an immune response: Antigens, lymphocytes, and

accessory cells. (Chapter 4 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28d G. Virella. Immunoglobulin structure (Chapter 5 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28e G. Virella. Biosynthesis, metabolism and biological properties of immunoglobulins (Chapter 6 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28f G. Virella. Antigen-antibody reactions (Chapter 8 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28g. Barbara Bierer, J.M. Goust and G. Virella. Cell-mediated Immunity (Chapter 11 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28h G. Virella. The humoral immune response and its induction by active immunization (Chapter 12 of o Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28i. G. Virella. Phagocytic cells (Chapter 13 of Introduction to Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28j. G. Virella. Infections and immunity (Chapter 14 of Medical ImmunologyMarcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28k G. Virella and Virginia Litwin. Diagnostic Immunology (Chapter 15 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28l J.M. Goust, G. Tsokos, and G. Virella. Tolerance and autoimmunity (Chapter 16 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).


28m G. Virella, J.M. Goust and . Organ-specific autoimmune diseases. (Chapter 17 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28n. G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Rheumatoid Arthritis. (Chapter 19 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28o G. Virella. Hypersensitivity reactions (Chapter 20 of Medical Immunology Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28p. G. Virella and Mary Ann Spivey. Immunohematology (Chapter 22 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28q G. Virella and G. Tsokos. Immune complex diseases (Chapter 23 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28r. P. Hall, J.M. Goust, and G. Virella. Immune system modulators (Chapter24 of of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28s. G. Virella, R. Knight and J.S. Bromberg. Transplantation immunology (Chapter 25 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28t. G. Virella and J.M. Goust. Malignancies of the immune system (Chapter 27 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28u G. Virella and J. Sleasman. Diagnosis of Immunodeficiency Diseases (Chapter 28 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28v G. Virella and J. Sleasman. Primary immunodeficiencies (Chapter 29 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

28w. G. Virella. AIDS and other Acquired Immunodeficiency diseases (Chapter 30 of Medical Immunology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 5th Ed., 2001).

29. W.D. Leventhal, W.J. Hueston and G. Virella. Infectious Diseases (Chapter 19 of Textbook of Family Practice, R.E. Rakel, E., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2002).

30. Lopes-Virella, MF and Virella, G. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. In Contemporary Cardiology: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, 2nd Ed. (Johnstone, M.T. and Veves, A., Eds.), Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, 2005, pp. 225-258.

31. G. Virella (Ed.). Medical Immunology, 6th Ed. Informa Healthcare USA, NY,10016, 20071. Introduction Gabriel Virella2. Tissues and Cells Involved in the Immune Response Gabriel Virella4. Antigenicity and Immune Recognition Donna Farber, John Sleasman and Gabriel Virella5. Immunoglobulin Structure Gabriel Virella6. Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Biological Properties of Immunoglobulins Gabriel Virella8. Antigen-Antibody Reactions Gabriel Virella11. Cell-Mediated Immunity Donna Farber and Gabriel Virella12. The Humoral Immune Response and Its Induction by Active Immunization Gabriel Virella13. Phagocytic Cells Gabriel Virella14. Infections and Immunity Gabriel Virella and Stephen Tomlinson15. Diagnostic Immunoloy Virginia M. Litwin and Gabriel Virella16. Tolerance and Autoimmunity George C. Tsokos and Gabriel Virella17. Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases Gabriel Virella and George Tsokos19. Rheumatoid Arthritis George C. Tsokos and Gabriel Virella20. Hypersensitivity Reactions Gabriel Virella21. IgE-mediated (Immediate) Hypersensitivity Albert F. Finn and Gabriel Virella22. Immunohematology Gabriel Virella and Armand Glassman23. Immune Complex Diseases Virella and George Tsokos24. Immune system modulators Philip D. Hall and Gabriel Virella


25. Transplantation Immunology Justin D Ellett, Gabriel Virella, and Kenneth D Chavin27. Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Malignancies Gabriel Virella28. Diagnosis of Immunodeficiency Diseases John W. Sleasman and Gabriel Virella29. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. John W. Sleasman and Gabriel Virella30. AIDS and other Acquired Immunodeficiencies John W. Sleasman and Gabriel Virella

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

1. G. Virella. Considerations about the monoclonal gammopathies. Noticias Médicas, no. 50, p.4 and fllw., 1972. (Port.)

2. G. Virella and H.H. Fudenberg. Primary Care (Letter to the Editor).Journal of Medical Education, 51: 955-956, 1976.

3. G. Virella. Clinical correlations in microbiology and immunology. The Forum, Summer 1992, p. 6.4. G. Virella and R. Koment. Educational strategies for the basic sciences: an overview. The Forum,

Winter 1993, p. 3-4.5. G. Virella. The effectiveness of the lecture. Basic Science Educator (formerly “The Forum”) , vol.

4, no. 1 (Winter 1994), p. 5-7.6. G. Virella. New educational strategies for a traditional curriculum. Proceedings of the First Biennial

Conference of the Basic Science Education Forum, p. 12-17, 1994.7. G. Virella. The rise and fall of the basic sciences. Basic Science Educator, vol. 4, no. 2 (Summer

1994), p. 12-13.8. G. Virella. Common sense in Medical Education. Basic Science Educator, vol. 5, no. 1 (Winter

1995), p. 3-4.9. G. Virella. Medical Education in North America: Difficult Times Ahead. Basic Science Educator,

vol. 6, no. 1 (Winter 1996), p. 10-11.10. G. Virella. The Dumbing of Medical Education. Basic Science Educator, vol. 6, no. 2 (Summer

1996), p. 13-14.11. M.G. Schmidt and G. Virella. When Less is Supposedly More: The Reduction of Contact Hours

Dedicated to Lecturing in a Time of Curriculum Reform. ASM Focus of Microbiology Education, 8(1): 6-10, 2001.

12. G. Virella. Pass/Fail vs. Numeric Grading; Is the Emperor Naked? The Crucible (Official Newsletter of the MUSC College of Medicine), 4 (3): 3-5, 2003.

13. Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Triggers of the vascular inflammatory process in arteriosclerosis. The Lipid Spin, 1:2-5, 2003

14. G. Virella, John Sanders, Sandy Fowler, and Ron Turner. Clinical Correlation Exercises in Infectious Diseases (cases 1 to 4). MedEdPORTAL; 2005. Available from: http://www.aamc.org/mededportal, ID = 148

15. G. Virella, Gene Burges, Renee Meyer, Ming Tan, C. Carolyn Thiedke, Sally Webb. An Elderly Man With Fever and Cough. MedEdPortal; 2005. Available from: http://www.aamc.org/mededportal, ID#: 139

16. G. Virella. Is there too much Basic Science in the Medical Curriculum? The Crucible, 7 (1): 8-10, 2005.

17. U. Streips, G. Virella, R.B. Greenberg, A. Blue, F.M. Marvin, M.T. Coleman, and M.B. Carter. Analysis of the effects of block testing in the medical preclinical curriculum. JIAMSE, 16: 1, 2006


ABSTRACTS (* Designates those included in the program of a meeting)

1. M. Arala-Chaves, J. Korn, and G. Virella. Evidence for T-cell suppression of T-cell function on a case of combined immunodeficiency. Clinical Research, 25: 22A, 1977*.

2. S. Mathur, G. Virella, J. Koistinen, E.O. Horger III, T.A. Mahvi, and H.H. Fudenberg. Humoral immunity in vaginal candidiasis. Clinical Research, 25: 24A, 1977.

3. G. Virella, C. Kyong, M. Horsmanheimo, and H.H. Fudenberg. Hyper IgM syndrome with circulating low molecular weight IgM. Clinical Research 25: 25A, 1977.*

4. G. Virella, R. Smith, and S.K. Ainsworth. Low molecular weight proteinuria as an index of tubular damage: A comparative study with lysozymuria and histopathology. Clinical Research, 25: 43A, 1977.

5. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, J. Owens, M. DeBeukelaer, H. Garfinkel, and J. Colwell. Urinary lipids and lipoproteins in patients with kidney diseases. Clinical Research, 25: 61A, 1977.

6. G. Virella, J. Goudswaard, and H.H. Fudenberg. Three different phenotypes of urinary lysozymes isolating from patients with monocytic leukemia. Federation Proceedings, 36: 1079, 1977.*

7. J. Koistinen, G. Virella, R. Cardenas, T.B. Higerd, and J.W. Fett. Differential sensitivity to reduction of -S-S- bonds and digestion by streptococcal protease of IgA proteins of different sub-classes and allotypes. Federation Proceedings, 36: 1310, 1977.*

8. M.F. Lopes-Virella, M. DeBeukelaer, J. Owens and J. Colwell. Serum and urinary lipoproteins in lipoid nephrosis. Clinical Research, 25: 441A, 1977.

9. C.U. Kyong, G. Virella, C.P. Darby, B.E. Ponce, M. Horsmanheimo, L.G. Hope, J.M. Goust, and H.H. Fudenberg. Heterogeneity of the clinical, genetic and immunologic findings in hyper-IgM syndrome. Pediatric Research, 11: 490, 1977.

10. J. Goudswaard and G. Virella. The determination of lysozyme levels in saliva. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 5: 303, 1977.*

11. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, J. Levine, M. Ogawa, and J. Gonzalez. "Idiopathic" Bence-Jones proteinuria. Clinical Research, 26: 35A, 1978.

12. G. Virella, H.H. Fudenberg, and C.C. Patrick. Detection of soluble immune complexes by measurement of the relative light scattering capacity of serum. Federation Proceedings, 37: 1668, 1978.*

13. G. Virella, A.C. Wang, W.A. Hipp, R. O'Dell, and H.H. Fudenberg. Isozymes of human lysozyme. Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society, 29: 41a, 1978.*

14. J. Munoz, J.M. Goust, J.E. Robinson, Jr., and G. Virella. Quantitative assay of immunoglobulins in supernatants of cell cultures using conventional immunochemical assays. Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society, 29: 42a, 1978.*

15. G. Virella, W.A. Hipp, B. Kahaleh, J.F. John, Jr., and P.E. Hohl. Detection of soluble immune complexes by two non-isotopic methods. Clinical Research, 26: 767A, 1978.*

16. M.F. Lopes-Virella, G. Virella, M. DeBeukelaer, J. Owens, and J. Colwell. Absence of apolipoprotein A in the urines of patients with minimal change glomerular disease. Clinical Research, 26: 805A, 1978.


17. G. Virella, J. Munoz, and M.P. Arala-Chaves. Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins produced by peripheral lymphocytes. In vitro stimulatory effects of fetal calf serum and pokeweed mitogen. Federation Proceedings, 38: 937, 1979.*

18. J.M. Goust, T.B. Higerd, J. Munoz, G. Virella, and M.P. Arala-Chaves. Inhibitory effects of extracellular products from saprophytic bacteria on human lymphoid cell lines. Federation Proceedings, 38: 1350, 1979.*

19. J.M. Kilpatick and G. Virella. Isolation of soluble immune complexes from the serum of diabetic patients. Federation Proceedings, 39: 672, 1980.*

20. G. Virella, H. Wohltmann, J. Sagel, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick and J. Colwell. Detection of soluble immune complexes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, 29 (Suppl. 2): 82A, 1980.

21. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Isolation and characterization of soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes formed in vivo and in vitro in sera from patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, 29 (Suppl. 2): 82A, 1980.

22. J. VanZile, J.M. Kilpatrick, J. Colwell and G. Virella. Effects of soluble immune complexes from diabetics on platelet aggregation and activation. Clinical Research, 28: 834A, 1980.*

23. G. Virella, J. VanZile, J.M. Kilpatrick and J. Colwell. In vitro effects of soluble immune complexes purified from the sera of diabetic patients on normal platelets. Clinical Research, 29: 301A, 1981.

24. J. Colwell, J. VanZile, J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Effects of soluble immune complexes from diabetics on platelet aggregation and release. Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 46: 58, 1981.*

25. G. Virella, A. Espinoza, H. Patrick and J. Colwell. Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) exposed to surface-fixed immune complexes (IC). Clinical Research 30: 360A, 1982.

26. G. Virella, T. Sherwood and C.W. Schuler. Release of platelet-activating factor by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to red cell-bound immune complexes. Clinical Research, 31: 356A, 1983.

27. B. Battersby, T. Sherwood, P. Winocour and G. Virella. Human platelets aggregate during antigen-antibody reactions at different antigen/antibody ratios. Clinical Research, 31: 845A, 1983.*

28. G. Virella, T. Sherwood and B. Battersby. The release of PAF by human PMN does not require complement or active phagocytosis. Clinical Research, 31: 847A, 1983.

29. G. Virella, T.A. Sherwood and B. Battersby. Human phagocytic cells do not ingest autologous erythrocytes previously incubated with soluble immune complexes. Clinical Research, 32: 362A, 1984.

30. T.A. Sherwood, S.H. Allen and G. Virella. Comparative study of the phagocytic properties of human PMN leukocytes and plastic adherent mononuclear cells. Federation Proceedings, 43: 1506, 1984.*

31. G. Virella, T.A. Sherwood and Y.K. Chou. Release of inflammation mediators by human phagocytic cells as a consequence of the recognition and/or ingestion of erythrocyte-bound immune complexes. Clinical Research, 33: 3194, 1985.

32. J.M. Kilpatrick and G. Virella. Inhibition of platelet activating factor by C-reactive protein. Clinical Research, 33: 380A, 1985.

33. G. Virella and H. Wohltmann. Anti-insulin antibodies insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes, and albuminuria in type I diabetics treated with purified human insulin and purified porcine insulin. Diabetes, 34 (Suppl. 1): 177A, 1985.


34. G. Virella, T.A. Sherwood, Y.K. Chou and M.T. Moore. Erythrocyte-bound immune complexes stimulate the release of inflammation mediators from human phagocytic cells. Clinical Research, 34: 247A, 1986.*

35. G. Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick, A. Pitt, S. Allen and J. Castriotta. Treatment of acute serum sickness by plasma ultrafiltration. Clinical Research, 34: 221A, 1986.*

36. J.M. Kilpatrick, B. Hyman and G. Virella. Effects of immune complex coated erythrocytes on the interactions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with endothelial cells. Federation Proceedings, 45: 380, 1986.

37. Y.K. Chou, W. Stanley, G. Virella, J.M. Kilpatrick and H.H. Fudenberg. Structural and functional heterogeneity of macrophage-hybrids. Federation Proceedings, 45: 1115, 1986.

38. G. Virella, T.A. Sherwood, Y.K. Chou and M.T. Moore. Soluble immune complexes prepared at antigen excess bind non-specifically to human RBC and stimulate phagocytic cells. Federation Proceedings, 45: 626, 1986.*

39. E. Tung, T. Palosuo, C. Xu, K. Forsen, T. Candolin, G. Virella and A.C. Wang. An IgM () molecule with hybrid light chain. Federation Proceedings, 46: 491, 1987.*

40. M. Brown, B. Hyman, G. Virella and J.M. Kilpatrick. Effects of soluble immune complexes purified from the sera of diabetic patients on the adherence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to endothelial cells. Federation Proceedings, 46: 1042, 1987.*

41. G. Virella, Maria T. Rugeles, J.M. Goust and M. LaVia. Autologous RBC facilitate the induction of specific humoral immune responses by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Federation Proceedings, 47: 1208, 1987.*

42. R.L. Griffith, G.T. Virella, H.C. Stevenson and M.F. Lopes-Virella. LDL metabolism by human macrophages activated with LDL immune complexes: a possible mechanism of foam cell formation. Clinical Research, 36: A31, 1988.*

43. G. Virella, M.T. Rugeles, B. Hyman and R. Russell. Depression of humoral immunity by fish oil extracts and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). FASEB Journal, 3: A333, 1989.

44. R. Trifiletti, M. LaVia, J.M. Goust and G. Virella. The potentiation of B cell responses by autologous erythrocytes is IL2 independent. FASEB Journal, 3: A809, 1989.

45. G. Virella, C. Gisinger, and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Red-cell bound LDL-anti-LDL immune complexes induce cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. FASEB Journal, 4: A1758, 1990.

46. G. Virella, J.M. Goust, R.M. Galbraith, G. Galbraith. Development of clinical correlation exercises for teaching medical immunology.FASEB Journal, 5: A388, 1991.

47. K. Fourspring, T. Thompson and G. Virella. A new quantitative NBT reduction assay based on kinetic colorimetry. FASEB Journal, 5: A622, 1991.

48. G. Virella, K. Fourspring, B. Hyman and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Depression of humoral immunity by fish oil extracts. FASEB Journal, 5: A1448, 1991.

49. G. Virella, J. Muñoz, Charlene Chassereau, Gillian Galbraith, and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. LDL-immune complexes activate cytokine release and respiratory burst in human monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Leuk. Biol., Suppl. 3: 14, 1992.

50. G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis. J. Immunol., 150: 238A, 1993.

51. G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis. Arquivos de Medicina, 8 (Supl. 1): 31, 1994.

52. G. Virella, Marina Mironova, Isabel Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Competitive vs. differential assays for antibodies to modified LDL. FASEB J. 9: A1030, 1995.


53. Marina Mironova, G. Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. Isolation and characterization of human autoantibodies against oxidized LDL. FASEB J. 9: A1030, 1995.

54. G. Virella. Marina Mironova, Isabel Virella and Maria F. Lopes-Virella. The atherogenic potential of anti-LDL antibodies. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 99: S22, 1997.

55. Sinikka Koskinen, Maria F. Lopes-Virella and G. Virella. Standardization of an Enzymoimmunoassay for Measurement of Anti-oxLDL Antibodies. Diabetes :A365, 1998.

56. Maria Lopes-Virella, Sinikka Koskinen, G. Virella and T.J. Orchard. Oxidized LDL Antibodies and Immune Complexes Predict Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes: A365, 1998.

57. G. Virella, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, Sinikka Koskinen, and T.J. Orchard. Oxidized LDL antibodies and oxLDL immune complexes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clinical Immunology, 90: 443, 1999.

58. D.H. Atchley, M.F. Lopes-Virella, D. Zheng, G. Virella and DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The Pathogenic Role of Immune Complexes formed by oxidized LDL and its corresponding antibodies in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes, 50 (Suppl. 2): A173, 2001.

59. G. Virella, D. Atchley. S. Koskinen, M.F. Lopes-Virella. Pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties of immune complexes prepared with purified human oxLDL antibodies isolated from patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 51 (Suppl 2): A174, 2002

60. G. Virella, D. Atchley, S. Thorpe, N. Alderson, S. Koskinen, M.F. Lopes-Virella. Isolation and characterization of human autoantibodies to modified LDL. FASEB J, 17: C38, 2003.

61. G.Virella, M. B. Derrick, C. Chassereau, S. R. Thorpe, and M. F. Lopes-Virella. The autoimmune response to modified human low-density lipoprotein. Clinical Immunology, Suppl.1: S211, 2005.

62. Maria F Lopes-Virella, Stuart Lipsitz, Peter W Wilson, Daniel T Lackland, Timothy Lyons, Alicia J Jenkins, William T Garvey, Gabriel Virella. Modified Lipoprotein-Immune Complexes and Progression of Internal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes. American Heart Association, 2005

Dr. Virella CV

Health & Medicine

victor del

sodium dodecyl

zeitschrift

revista clinica

clinica chimica

internal carotid

xiv venezuelan

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