Dr. Timothy J. Hallman Associate Director for Nuclear Physics DOE Office of Science Perspectives from the SC AD for Nuclear physics EIC Meeting Stony Brook.

Dr. Timothy J. HallmanAssociate Director for Nuclear Physics

DOE Office of Science

Perspectives from the SC AD for Nuclear physics

EIC Meeting

Stony Brook June 24-27, 2014

EIC Meeting June 24-27 2014 2

Important Disclaimer

The following is just one person’s look into a (rather hazy) crystal ball, and any/all of what follows could be changed depending on any number of circumstances, e.g.

community prioritiesavailable resourcesnew science discoveriesnew administration priorities, etc., etc.


JLab: 12 GeV Fully Operational FY2017, $338M Investment

FundamentalForces & Symmetries

Hadrons from QGP

MedicalImaging

Quark Confinement

Structure of Hadrons

Accelerator S&T

Nuclear Structure

Theory and Computation


JLab: Decadal Science Questions

4

What is the role of gluonic excitations in the spectroscopy of light mesons? Can these excitations elucidate the origin of quark confinement?

Where is the missing spin in the nucleon? Is there a significant contribution from valence quark orbital angular momentum?

Can we reveal a novel landscape of nucleon substructure through measurements of new multidimensional distribution functions?

What is the relation between short-range N-N correlations and the partonic structure of nuclei?

Can we discover evidence for physics beyond the standard model of particle physics?

There would appear to be a good 10 year program of compelling science to be done


At present, ATLAS/CARIBU at ANL Uniquely Provides SC funded Low Energy Research Opportunities

Longer term, ATLAS niche is as a unique, complementary Stable Beam Facility for research on Nuclear Structure &

Nuclear Astrophysics


Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

FRIB Linear Accelerator

FRIB Site March 2014FRIB will increase the number of isotopes with known properties from ~2,000 observed over the last century to ~5,000 and will provide world-leading capabilities for research on:

Nuclear Structure The ultimate limits of existence for nuclei Nuclei which have neutron skins The synthesis of super heavy elements

Nuclear Astrophysics The origin of the heavy elements and

explosive nucleo-synthesis Composition of neutron star crusts

Fundamental Symmetries Tests of fundamental symmetries, Atomic

EDMs, Weak Charge

This research will provide the basis for a model of nuclei and how they interact.

The coils of this high temperature superconducting (HTS) quadrupole exceeded the required currents at elevated temperatures, indicating additional operating current margin and more stability.


FRIB physics is at the core of nuclear science: “To understand, predict, and use”

FRIB provides access to a vast unexplored terrain in the chart of nuclides

FRIB: 21st Century Science Questions


Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

Ground breaking ceremony with participation by DOE officials and Senate and House representatives was held on March 17, 2014.

TPC $000s PYs FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 TOTAL

FRIB 51,000 22,000 55,000 90,000 100,000 100,000 97,200 75,000 40,000 5,300 635,500


Continuing Scientific Discovery at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

BLIP

NSRL

RHIC

NSRL

LINAC

Booster

AGS

Tandems

STAR6:00 o’clock

PHENIX8:00 o’clock

Polarized Jet Target12:00 o’clock

RF4:00 o’clock

EBIS

BLIP

For the hot QCD science and polarized proton science missions, no other facility worldwide, existing or planned, can rival RHIC in range and versatility.


Main Remaining Questions

• What do we need to know about the initial state? Is it a weakly coupled color glass condensate? How does it thermalize?

• What do the data tell us about the initial conditions for the hydro-dynamic expansion? Can we determine it unambiguously?

• What is the smallest collision system that behaves collectively?

• What does the QCD phase diagram look like? Does it contain a critical point in the HG-QGP transition region? Does the HG-QGP transition become a first-order phase transition for large μB?

• What can jets and heavy flavors tell us about the structure of the strongly coupled QGP?

• What do the quarkonium (and other) data tell us about quark deconfinement and hadronization?

• Can we find unambiguous proof for chiral symmetry restoration?

1

Years Beam Species and Energies Science Goals New Systems Commissioned

201415 GeV Au+Au 200 GeV Au+Au3He+Au at 200 GeV

Heavy flavor flow, energy loss, thermalization, etc. Quarkonium studiesQCD critical point search

Electron lenses 56 MHz SRF STAR HFTSTAR MTD

2015-16

Pol. p+p at 200 GeV p+Au, p+Si at 200 GeV High statistics Au+AuPol. p+p at 510 GeV?Au+Au at 62 GeV?

Extract η/s(T) + constrain initial quantum fluctuations More heavy flavor studies Sphaleron testsTransverse spin physics

PHENIX MPC-EX Coherent e-cooling test

2017 No Run Low energy e-cooling upgrade

2018-19 5-20 GeV Au+Au (BES-2)Search for QCD critical point and onset of deconfinement

STAR ITPC upgradePartial commissioning of sPHENIX (in 2019)

2020 No RunComplete sPHENIX installationSTAR forward upgrades

2021-22200 GeV Au+Au with upgraded detectorsPol. p+p, p+Au at 200 GeV

Jet, di-jet, γ-jet probes of parton transport and energy loss mechanismColor screening for different quarkonia

sPHENIX

2023-24 No Runs Transition to eRHIC

Proposed run schedule for RHIC


Preparations for NP Stewarded Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay Experiments

Inspection of copper being electroformed at the Temporary Clean Room in SURF

R&D on one of several approaches by U.S. scientists is ongoing at Lead, South Dakota

Recent progress on the Majorana Demonstrator 4800 feet below ground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)

With techniques that use nuclear isotopes inside cryostats, often made of ultra-clean materials, scientists are “tooling up” to study whether neutrinos are their own anti-particle.

NSAC has been charged to identify the criteria for a next generation double beta decay experiment.


Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay NSAC Charge

Scientific Importance

Status of Ongoing and Planned Experiments


Nuclear Theory

The essential role of a strong nuclear theory effort goes without saying:

Poses scientific questions that lead to the construction of facilities

Helps make the case for, and guide the design of new facilities, their research programs and their strategic operations plan

Provides a framework for understanding measurements made at facilities

Topical Collaborations (fixed-term, multi-institution collaborations established to investigate a specific topic) appear to have been very successful and, resource permitting, the model will be continued

Maintaining adequate support for a robust nuclear theory effort is essential to the productivity and vitality of nuclear science


Nuclear Theory Computing Will Also Likely be a Discussion

New GPU-based LQCD processor at TJNAF

How many different nuclei exist? NP researchers theorize the number to be ~7,000


Isotope Program Will Continue

The mission of the DOE Isotope Program is threefold Produce and/or distribute radioactive and stable isotopes that are in short

supply, associated byproducts, surplus materials and related isotope services. Maintain the infrastructure required to produce and supply isotope products

and related services. Conduct R&D on new and improved isotope production and processing

techniques which can make available new isotopes for research and applications.

Produce isotopes that are in short supply only – the Isotope Program does not compete with industry


Times SquareNYC

One Year Ago R&D Creates New Production Method for Actinium-225

A new isotope project at LANL shows promise for rapidly producing major quantities of a new cancer-treatment agent, actinium-225.

Using proton beams, LANL and BNL could match current annual worldwide production of the isotope in just a few days.

A collaboration among LANL, BNL, and ORNL is developing a plan for full-scale production and stable supply of Ac-225.

Ac-225 emits alpha radiation. Alpha particles are energetic enough to destroy cancer cells but are unlikely to move beyond a tightly controlled target region and destroy healthy cells. Alpha particles are stopped in their tracks by a layer of skin—or even an inch or two of air.


Defining the Science – Long Range Plans

The Long Range Plans have:• Identified the scientific opportunities• Recommended scientific priorities

Effectively defining the field of Nuclear Physics

for the Nation

New LRP in 2007

1979

1983

1989

1996

2002

Nation’s leadership role today is largely a result of:

• The responsible/visionary strategic planning embodied in the NSAC Long Range Plans

• Federal government’s decision to utilize the guidance and provide the needed resources

2007


1979: A Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science

First Mention of a Relativistic Heavy Ion Machine; Not Yet a Recommendation

The major facility recommended by this plan turned out to be CEBAF


1979: A Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science


Recommendations from Successive Plans

19831989


1996



2002



2007 LRP


Time from First Strong Recommendation to Operating Facility

RHIC: 1983 to 2000 17 years

CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade 2002 to 2017 15 years

ISOL Facility/RIA/FRIB 1996 to 2021 25 years

CEBAF 1979 to 1996 17 years

There seems to be a constant of nature with respect to the timescale for realization of big initiatives

EIC at the moment has no status with respect to nuclear science communitypriorities. The next LRP will be 2021

In addition to nuclear science priorities, there are other Office of Science priorities that will be in play

From Recommendation to Realization Takes Time


The Other Aspect: What else is potentially in the SC Queue?

All kinds of things, always (ITER, LBNE,New Light Sources, New Leadership Computers, new Centers, new Hubs, ...

EIC will either be in the swim

Or not


To be in the swim at this point…

A very strong science case with broad appeal need to be clearly articulated to and bought into by the nuclear science community

(disclaimer, this is an observation, not an endorsement by the AD)

EIC: A color dipole microscope

28

e−

γ*

Color dipoles“see” gluons

Free color charges (e.g. quarks) do not exist, but color dipoles do! Virtual photons are an excellent source of color dipoles.

Two resolution scales:• momentum k (longitudinal)• virtuality Q (transverse) ⇒ More powerful than an optical microscope!

HERA was the 1st

generation colordipole microscope,with limited intensity and no polarization.

EIC will be a 2nd generation colordipole microscope,>100-fold intensityand polarization!


The EIC: A QCD Laboratory

29

Gluon structure of the proton:How is the proton’s mass generated and

what carries its spin?

High density phase of cold gluon matter

How do confined hadrons emerge from isolated quarks?

Today’s proton Proton @ EIC


The other EIC Thrust


From the Executive Summary


Projected sensitivity in 2005


Projected Sensitivity in 2005

A particular challenge for this aspect will be making the scientific challenges “fresh” and strongly motivated for anon-spinner


FY 2015 President’s RequestTotal = $593.6M

~69% of the FY 2015 NP budget supports operations or construction of facilities

The percentage devoted to major projects is almost 19% in FY 2015

Nuclear PhysicsFY 2015 President’s Request – By Function


NP Budgets vs. 2007 Long Range Plan


Outlook

The future of nuclear science in the United States continues to be rich with science opportunities.

The United States will continue to provide resources for and to expect:

U.S. world leadership in discovery science illuminating the properties of nuclear matter in all of its manifestations.

Tools necessary for scientific and technical advances which will lead to new knowledge, new competencies, and groundbreaking innovation and applications.

Strategic investments in tools and research to provide the U.S. with premier research capabilities in the world.

Nuclear Science will continue to be an important part of the U.S. science investment strategy to create new knowledge and

technology innovation supporting U.S. security and competitiveness

Dr. Timothy J. Hallman Associate Director for Nuclear Physics DOE Office of Science Perspectives from the SC AD for Nuclear physics EIC Meeting Stony Brook.

Documents

core of nuclear science

frib physics

origin of quark confinement

partonic structure of

decadal science questions4what

weak chargethis research

chart of nuclides frib

model of nuclei