Dr. Satish Kumar_Schneider

8/2/2019 Dr. Satish Kumar_Schneider

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ISA Vision Summit, Bangalore, February 21st, 2011

Benchmarking Energy Use in Buildings and

Cleanrooms

Dr. Satish Kumar

Energy Efficiency Ambassador

Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd.

(Formerly, Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project)

ISA Vision Summit, Bangalore

February 21, 2011


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Outline

Commercial Building Sector in IndiaBenchmarking Energy Use in the Building

Sector

Implementation Barriers & ChallengesECBC Implementation Strategy

Conclusions & Recommendations


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Commercial Buildings Sector in India

Commercial Buildings Growth Forecast

Currently, ~ 659 million m2 (USAID ECO-III Internal Estimate Using MOSPI, CEA andBenchmarked Energy Use data)

In 2030,~ 1,900 million m2 (estimated) *

66% building stock is yet to be constructed

Year: 2010

660

million

m2

* Assuming 5-6% Annual Growth

Current

34%

Yet to be

Built66%

1,930

million m2

Source: USAID ECO- III Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory


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Projected Growth Across Building Sector in India

Source: McKinsey Analysis


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Growth of Electricity Consumption in Commercial

Sector in India

2820131381

35965

40220

46685

11.3

14.611.8

16.1

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

GWh

Growth in % over the previous year

SOURCE: Central Electricity Authority (2009).


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Indian Power Supply: Current Situation and Future

Projections

Installed Capacity in India Approx. 160,000 MWProjected Capacity in 2030 800,000 MW

600 MW capacity addition each week

Continued deficit supply in 2007-08 (MOP) Peak power deficit of 16.6%

Energy Deficit of 9.9%

Source: Planning Commission of India and Central Electricity Authority


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Electricity Scenario in India

Domestic

24%

Commercial

9%

Industry

38%

Public Lighting

1%

Traction

(Railways)

2%

Agricultutre

21%

Public Water

Works &

SewagePumping

3%

Miscellaneous

2%

1614

14861433

1020

623

439

188101

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Punjab Gujarat Delhi Maharashtra Madhya

Pradesh

West Bengal Assam Bihar

ElectricityinkWh

Source: Central Electricity Authority's 'Year End Review 2007-08'

State-wise Per Capita Electricity

Consumption During the Year 2007-08

National Average


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ECBC Compliance

ENVELOPE

HVAC

LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL POWER

SOLAR HOT WATER &PUMPING

MandatoryRequirements

Prescriptive

Whole Building

Performance

Trade-off option (for

ENVELOPE only)

COMPLIANCE APPROACHES

Required for ALL

Compliance Approaches

Applicable BUILDING SYSTEMS


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Energy Conservation Act 2001

Government of India - creation of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

Powers and Functions of BEE vis--vis ECBC Prescribe ECBC for efficient use of energy

Take suitable steps to prescribe guidelines for ECBC

Link Energy Performance Index (from the EC Act) to the ECBC Prescriptive ComplianceApproach in order to facilitate the implementation of the Code

[On Page 5, clause (j) of the EC Act, 2001 currently reads:

"energy conservation building codes" means the norms and standards of energyconsumption expressed in terms of per square meter of the area wherein energy isused and includes the location of the building]

Power of State Government:

The State Govt., in consultation with BEE, may amend ECBC to suit the regional and local climatic conditions with respect to use of

energy in the buildings

direct the owner or occupier of a building (if notified as a Designated Consumer) tocomply with the provisions of ECBC


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Use of Benchmark Numbers

Building Level Benchmarks First Step, Less Costly

Energy consumption per employee in an office

Energy consumption per bed in a hospital

Energy consumption per room in a hotel

System Level Benchmarks Requires Metering Infrastructure, More Costly andData-Intensive

Lighting System: 5 Watts/m2

Equipment Power: 10 Watts/m2

HVAC System: 50 m2/Ton of Refrigeration; 25 Watts/m2

Chilled and Condenser water pumps: 10 Watts/GPM

Air Handling Unit: 0.75 Watts/CFM


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Benchmarking: Macro Analysis Building Population

N=760

N=861


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Baseline Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Number ofBuildings

Building TypeFloorArea(m2)

Annual EnergyConsumption

(kWh)Benchmarking Indices

OFFICE BUILDINGS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour

145 One shift Buildings 16,716 20,92,364 149 0.068

55 Three shifts Buildings 31,226 88,82,824 349 0.042

88 Public Sector Buildings 15,799 18,38,331 115 0.045

224 Private SectorBuildings

28,335 44,98,942 258 0.064

10 Green Buildings 8,382 15,89,508 141 -

HOSPITALS kWh/m2/year kWh/bed/year

128Multi-specialty

Hospitals8721 24,53,060 378 13,890

22 Government Hospitals 19,859 13,65,066 88 2,009

HOTELS kWh/m2/yearkWh/room/yea

r89

Luxury Hotels (4 and 5Star)

19,136 48,65,711 279 24,110

SHOPPING MALLS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour

101 Shopping Malls 10,516 23,40,939 252 0.05642

Source: Building Energy Benchmarking study undertaken by the USAID ECO-III Project


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Why Regression Based Rating and Why Not Simple EPI

Based Rating?

Simple EPI based rating does not take intoaccount

Physical characteristics

Location characteristics

Operating characteristics

Regression based methodology:

Energy consumption of a benchmarked building

= function (Building use,physical, operationalandlocation characteristics).


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Performance Based Rating

1. Estimate energy consumed by benchmarked building

log(kwh) = c0. + c1.climate + c2.log(%ac) + c3.log(bua) + c4.log(hrs) + c5.log(emp)

2. Calculate performance relative to the benchmarked building

(BPI)

BPI=Actual Energy Consumed / Energy Consumed by the benchmarked building

3. Compare candidate buildings BPI to other buildings and assign

score to the performance differential

0 1 2 3 4

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Building Performance Index (BPI)

BPI(ActualAnnualKWH consumed/Predicted KWH)

CumulativePercent

DataFitted Curve

10 12 14 16 18

10

12

14

16

ActualElectricityConsumed(Log)

EstimatedElectricityConsumed(L

og)

lkwh

- 3 - 2 - 1 0

0.17 0.87

8 .0 8 .5 9 .0

0.093

10

12

14

16

18

0.83

-3

-2

-1

0

lpac20.082

0.290.081

lbua0.11

4

6

8

10

0.80

8.0

8.5

9.0

lhrs

0.19

10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 3 5 7 9

3

5

7

9lemp

Offices


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10 12 14 16 18

10

12

14

16

Actual Electricity Consumed(Log)

EstimatedElectricityConsumed(Log)


Building Performance Index

(BPI) =

Energy consumed by the

benchmarked building

Actual Energy Consumed

BPI < 1

Efficient Bldgs.

BPI > 1

Inefficient Bldgs.


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EPI Percentile

~ 82 25%

132 50%

200 ~ 75%

Building Type Office

Built up area (m2) 2,000

Annual Elec. Purchased (kWh) 100,000

Annual Elec. Generated (kWh) 40,000

Select Climate zone Hot and Dry

Hours per day 12

Days per Week 5

Percent conditioned space 0.75

Total number of employees 150


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EPI Percentile

~ 72 25%

116 50%

175 ~ 75%Dynamic!

Building Type Office

Built up area (m2) 2,000

Annual Elec. Purchased (kWh) 100,000

Annual Elec. Generated (kWh) 40,000

Select Climate zone Hot and Dry

Hours per day 12

Days per Week 5

Percent conditioned space 0.75

Total number of employees 150


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Benchmarking of Cleanroom Facilities


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Cleanroom Energy Benchmarking

Cleanroom energy benchmarking data shows that there is a variety of chillerplant designs and operating efficiency for cleanroom facilities.

Chiller plants usually serve cleanroom facility and adjacent spacessimultaneously and use significant energy and water.

The efficiency level of the overall chiller plant is influenced by the efficiency

of individual components and subsystems in the plant. Major components include chillers, water pumps, and cooling tower or

condenser fans.


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Benchmarked cleanroom energy usages in a semiconductor

cleanroom facility

Central Plant ChilledWater for Cleanroom

Cooling

12%

Central Plant Chilled

Water for Process

Cooling

7%

Glycol Chilled Water40%

Heating

10%

Cleanroom Fans

14%

Process

16%

Lighting

1%


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Benchmarked HVAC energy usages in a semiconductor

cleanroom facility

Chillers

39%

Cooling

Towers

7%

Pumps

17%

MUAH + RCU

Fans9%

Hot Water +

Steam

25%

Exhaust Fans

3%


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HVAC Air Systems

Air Change Rates

Recirculation air change rates (ACRs) are an important factor in contamination

control in a cleanroom and are the single largest factor in determining fan and

motor sizing for a recirculation air handling system.

Many air change rate recommendations were developed decades ago with little

scientific research to back them up. The recommended design ranges for ISO

Class 5 (Class 100) cleanroom ACRs are from 250 to 700 air changes per hour.

Higher ACRs equate to higher airflows and more energy use, and dont always

achieve the desired cleanliness.

Benchmarking has shown that most facilities are operated at or below the low

range of recommended ACRs. A Sematech study has also verified that lowered airchange rates in cleanrooms are adequate in maintaining cleanliness. The actual

operating ACRs documented for ten ISO Class 5 cleanrooms was between 94 and

276 air changes per hour.


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Global Trends

Building Performance

Labeling of Buildings and Facilities EN 16001

ISO 50001

IPMVP

Automation and Controls Innovation Next Generation of Energy Management Systems


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Thank You

Contact Information:Satish Kumar, Ph.D.

Energy Efficiency Ambassador

Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd.Phone: +91-124-3305-039

Email: [email protected]

electric.com

Useful Web Sites:http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.php

http://www.eco3.org

http://www.buildingenergytools.in/benchmarking

http://www.buildingenergytools.in/eco

nirman

Acknowledgements:

1. Bureau of Energy Efficiency, USAID, and ECO-III Project Team2. Kumar, S. et. al. (2010): Developing an Energy Conservation Building Code

Implementation Strategy in India, ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency inBuildings, Asilomar, CA

3. Kumar, S. et. Al. (2010): Performance Based Rating and Energy PerformanceBenchmarking for Commercial Buildings in India, BauSIM 2010, Vienna

University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.phphttp://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.phphttp://www.eco3.org/http://www.buildingenergytools.in/benchmarkinghttp://www.buildingenergytools.in/benchmarkinghttp://www.buildingenergytools.in/benchmarkinghttp://www.buildingenergytools.in/benchmarkinghttp://www.eco3.org/http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.phphttp://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.phphttp://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc.php

Dr. Satish Kumar_Schneider

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