Challenges in Transforming Intermittent Water Supply to 24x7 Continuous Supply - A Case Study of the Aurangabad City FORMER MEMBER SECRETARY Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Mumbai PAST PRESIDENT Indian Water works Association NETWORK AND 24/7 SYSTEM SPECIALIST World Bank MD Dahasahasra Waternet Solutions Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra Dr Mukund Mahajan Professor Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
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Challenges in Transforming Intermittent
Water Supply to 24x7 Continuous Supply
- A Case Study of the Aurangabad City
FORMER MEMBER SECRETARY Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, MumbaiPAST PRESIDENT Indian Water works Association
NETWORK AND 24/7 SYSTEM SPECIALIST World Bank
MD Dahasahasra Waternet Solutions
Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra
Dr Mukund MahajanProfessor Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
Why No 24x7 Water Supply in India?
Prerequisites
for 24x7 Supply
Developed Countries(24x7 Supply)
India(Intermittent Supply)
Missing
Proper Engineering Study
• Tanks operations (emptying)• GIS Maps• Operational Zones• GIS Hydraulic Model• DMA methodology• NRW reduction• Refurbishment of network • Equitable distribution and
pressures
India- Missing Pre-Requisites
Contents of Presentation
Overview of water supply in India
Difficulties and challenges of Urban Water Sector
Objectives
Challenges in Aurangabad
GIS Hydraulic model
Equitable distribution of water
O&M of 24x7 water supply
24x7
Water
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Replication missing
No attempt for PPP
Smart City
Utility Life > 29 years
Meters (Negligeble)
Coverage 49%
Supply Hours < 3
NRW 50%
Challenges of Urban Water in India
Source: HPEC GoI
Managing Burden on the Infrastructure
Source: HPEC GoI
Smart Cities Mission
Aurangabad
Challenges in Urban India
100 Cities in the list of smart cities
High NRW
Few Supply Hours
Low LPCD
No Meters
Water Shortage
Smart city encompass six important sectors that need to work in unison to achieve a common goal of making a city more livable, sustainable and efficient for its residents.
What is smart city?
Source: www.waterworld.com
Key ‘smart” sectors
smart energy
smart integration
smart public services
smart mobility
smart buildings
smart water
Smart City Smart Water 24x7 Continuous
Water
Efficient Water
Distribution Management
• Water supply round the clock to all areas of the city;
• Equitable flow and pressure;
• Technology of 24/7 water supply, suitable to India;
• Reduction of non-revenue water and
• Refurbishment and expansion of transmission and distribution
network.
System of 24/7 water supply for Aurangabad City
• Discusses use of advanced technologies of GIS
• Simulation of pipe network system using WaterGEMS
• Suggest the modifications required to rebuild the system
⁃ Scenario Management
⁃ Boundary of operational zones
⁃ Active Topology tool- to create boundary of DMA
⁃ Darwin Designer for optimization of pipe network;
⁃ Darwin Calibrator
⁃ Identify the probable leaking pipes
⁃ Criticality tool- locations of isolating valves
⁃ Step Tests required for determining NRW in DMAs.
Aurangabad City
▪ Admini. HQ of Marathwada,
▪ Tourism Capital of Maharashtra,
▪ Fastest growing city,
▪ Population- 1.2 Million (2011)
Challenges of the Existing Water Supply of Aurangabad
Nath Sagar
MBR
WTP
26 Kms
10.95 Kms
Total Length of Distribution System = 1061 Kms
Aurangabad City
Intake
• Shortage of Water: 50 LPCD
• Losses = 22%
• Old Pumping Machinery: 1974 and 1991
Bulk Water
Jayakwadi Dam
Challenges of the Existing Water Supply of Aurangabad
Nath Sagar
MBR
WTP
26 Kms
10.95 Kms
Total Length of Distribution System = 1061 Kms
Aurangabad City
Intake
Distribution System
Jayakwadi Dam
• Uneven Terrain:
• Level difference, in
the range of 525 m to
840 m
There is a water loss
Old GI and Non-metallic pipes
Joints of AC pipes loosen
Aurangabad: Old AC Pipes
Length (Kms) of Existing Pipelines
561
259
53 478
373
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
AC CI RCC MS GI DI PVC
Tampering of Pipelines
Water collection
during supply
PVC pipes have been punctured
Water is collected
in pits
Pumps are used to suck water
Outside dirt enters
in PVC pipeline
People suffer a lot due to low pressure
1
2
3 4
5
6
Nath Sagar
MBR
WTP
26 Kms
10.95 Kms
Total Length of Distribution System = 1061 Kms
Aurangabad City
Intake
Jayakwadi Dam
LocationNRW (%)
From To
Head work MBR 10.96
MBR ESR 7.04
ESR Consumer 39.67
Total 58%
Aurangabad: High NRW
Head Work
MBR
WTP
Dirt
Contamination due to Intermittent Supply
Empty Pipeline
Dirt
Ho
w D
ise
ase
Sp
rea
ds?
Vacuum
When empty, pipeline
creates a back siphoning
effect that sucks in
contaminants
Challenges in Distribution System
Intermittent Supply HoursChallenges in Distribution System
NRW is a good indicator for water utility performance
Water put into distribution system - Toatl water billed x 100
Water put into distribution systemNRW
Source: (1) MOUD, June 2012(2) Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2013(3) AMRUT PPT
31
57 5850.9
30
69.563.6
31.3
42.6
55.3 52.7
37.5
5057.8
23.720.4
50
NR
W (
%)
Our Goal▪We must attempt to reduce NRW
System
Input
Volume
(m3/Yr)
Authorized
Consumption
(m3/Yr)
Revenue
Water
(m3/Yr)
Non
Revenue
Water
(m3/Yr)
BilledAuthorized
Consumption
UnbilledAuthorized
Consumption
ApparentLosses
RealLosses
Water
Losses
(m3/Yr)
Billed Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorised Consumption
Customer Meter Inaccuracies
Leakage on Transmission andDistribution Mains
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Leakage on Service Connectionsup to point of Customer Meter
Leakage and Overflows at Storage Tanks
Source: International Water Association (IWA)
Input Losses Consumption
Qin = Qnrw + Qc
Darwin Calibrator Helps to Locate Leaking Pipe
PUJ-441
PUJ-1PUJ-12
PUP-12
Flow Meter
Pressure Gauge
Tank
Flow Meter
Leak Detection- A Cumbersome Job
Darwin Calibrator Helps to Locate Leaking Pipe
PUJ-441
PUJ-1PUJ-12
PUP-12
PUP-12
Flow Meter
Pressure Gauge
Time (hour)
Observed Inflows: PUP-
12(MLD)
Observed Pressures
PUJ-1 (m)
PUJ-12 (m)
PUJ-441 (m)
0 2.60 12 12.74 25.71
1 2.60 11 12.74 25.71
2 3.60 10 12.74 25.71
3 16.79 8 5.21 12.61
4 16.39 10 11.19 15.52
5 31.97 11 12.59 16.45
6 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
7 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
8 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
9 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
10 24.97 10.96 11.59 21.45
11 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
12 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
13 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
14 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
15 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
16 4.20 11.55 12.23 23.67
17 24.97 10.96 11.59 21.45
18 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
19 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
20 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
21 32.96 10.53 11.12 19.85
22 16.98 11.28 11.93 22.65
23 5.79 11.53 12.21 23.61
Node
Original Emitter
Coefficient (L/s/(m H2O)^n)
Adjusted Emitter
Coefficient (L/s/(m H2O)^n)
PUJ-437 0 0.4
PUJ-193 0 0.4
PUJ-58 0 0.4
PUJ-397 0 0.4
PUJ-249 0 0.4
PUJ-99 0 0.4
PUJ-237 0 0.4
PUJ-414 0 0.3
PUJ-405 0 0.3
PUJ-438 0 0.3
Darwin Calibrator Helps to Locate Leaking Pipe
Leaking Nodes
Reduce NRW
DPR of PPP Project
Appoint Operator
Manage DMAs
24x7 Water Supply
• Jamshedpur with 573,000 inhabitants provided 25% of its residents with continuous water supply in 2009.
• Navi Mumbai, with more than 1m inhabitants, has achieved continuous supply for about half its population as of January 2009.
• Badlapur, city in the Mumbai Metropolitan Area with a population of 140,000, had achieved continuous supply in 3 out of 10 operating zones, covering 30% of its population.
• Thiruvananthapuram, with a population of 745,000 in 2001, is probably the largest Indian city that enjoys continuous water supply.
• Recently, Malkapur town, Jalochi urban agglomeration in Maharashtra have achieved the hallmark of 100% continuous water supply.
• In Amravati city 1.36 Lakhs people are getting benefit of continuous water supply.
• It is heartening to mention here that the Malkapur and Amravati city administrations get National Urban Water Award for this outstanding work.
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GIS MapGIS
Hydraulic Model
Enough No. of tanks
and zones
Rehabilitation of distribution
pipes
Replacement of GI HSC by MDPE HSC
DMAMeteringPressure
Management
Reduction of NRW
Sustainable Utility
Improved service delivery
24x7
Aw
ard
s in
Ad
van
ce D
istr
ibu
tio
n
Mo
del
ing
21 Oct 2008, Best Engineer Award, at the hands of Hon. Governer, Maharashtra
15 Mar 2008, “24/7 Water Supply”, National Urban Water Award 2008, at Hydrabad, India
29 Mar 2008 , “24/7 Water Supply”, BE Excellence Award 2008, at Baltimore, USA
13 Oct 2009, “Disaster Management” , BE Excellence Award 2009, at Charlotte, USA
22 May 2006 , “Disaster Management” BE Excellence Award 2006, at Charlotte, USA
11th Dec. 2009, Prestressed Concrete Award at, Mangalore, Design and Research, I.E.