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Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham2 What words or
phrases come to mind when you hear the term Special Education? What
have you heard others say about special ed students?
Slide 3
Did your list include any of these? How many have a positive
connotation? Stupid Slow Retarded Short bus Behavior problem
Mentally challenged Special needs Handicapped Place for bad kids
Physically challenged Dumb Gifted Hyperactive Socially inept
Clearly, we need to change the negative perception of special
education.
Slide 4
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham4 Special Education
is a SERVICE not a place
Slide 5
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham5 Special Education
involves the delivering and monitoring of a specially designed and
coordinated set of comprehensive, research-based instructional and
assessment practices and related services to students with
learning, behavioral, emotional, physical, health, or sensory
disabilities..tailored to identify and address the individual
challenges and strengths of students. - Salend (2009) p.5
Slide 6
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham6 History of Special
Education in the U.S. Pre-1975 Public schools educated only about 1
in 5 students with disabilities 1973: Rehabilitation Act (Section
504) Protects qualified individuals from discrimination based on
their disability Full participation and access to a free and
appropriate public education (FAPE) Required accommodations for
disabled students in school Disability a physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more life activities
(caring for one's self, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking,
breathing, working, performing manual tasks, behavior, and
learning)
Slide 7
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham7 History of Special
Education in the U.S. 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children
Act (EHA) Guaranteed and enforced the right of children with
disabilities the right to a free and appropriate public education
Provides for unique educational opportunities for students with
disabilities in a least restrictive environment (LRE) Mandated the
development of an Individualized Education Program (or Plan)
(IEP)
Slide 8
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham8 History of Special
Education in the U.S. 1986: Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities
Act States encouraged to create early intervention and early
childhood programs for children with disabilities Extended the
rights of EHA to children with disabilities aged birth 5 years old
Mandated the development of Individualized Family Service Plan
(IFSP) for eligible children with disabilities
Slide 9
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham9 History of Special
Education in the U.S. 1990: Individuals With Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) Renamed and amended EHA Now includes autism and
traumatic brain injury (TBI) Increased related services Greater
commitment to addressing needs of culturally and linguistically
diverse students with disabilities Transitional services required
in IEPs of students aged 16 and older
Slide 10
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham10 History of
Special Education in the U.S. 1997: IDEA is re-authorized and
amended Greater family role Emphasized greater use of IEPs to
provide greater access to the general education curriculum Expanded
use of Individualized Transition Plans (ITPs) Required the
inclusion of SWDs in state assessments Students can no longer be
classified as having a disability if based on lack of adequate math
or reading instruction, or limited English proficiency Mandates
keeping of disproportionality statistics Students without
disabilities can receive incidental benefits
Slide 11
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham11 History of
Special Education in the U.S. 2004: IDEA is again re-authorized and
amended Expanded the use of mediation Raised transition age
requirements back to 16 Required school districts to implement
programs to address disproportionality through prereferral programs
SWDs can now be suspended for assaulting another student even if it
is seen as a manifestation of their disability Reduced paperwork
programs piloted Tourette syndrome added to list of conditions
considered under other health impaired disability category
Slide 12
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham12 Inclusion The
Inclusion Classroom 1. All Learners and Equal Access learning
together 2. Individual Strengths and Challenges, and Diversity
educators understand the uniqueness of every student 3. Reflective
Practices and Differentiated Instruction differentiation of
teaching, assessment, and classroom management 4. Community and
Collaboration group effort essential for success
Slide 13
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham13 Continuum of
Educational Services Full time special education classroom Special
Day School Residential School Homebound Instruction Hospital or
Institution
Slide 14
Spring 2010CTGE 5154 - Dr. Robert J. Graham14 Continuum of
Educational Services General education classroom placement with few
or no support services General education classroom placement with
collaborative teacher assistance (push-in) General education
classroom placement with itinerant specialist assistance (related
services) General education classroom placement with resource room
assistance (SETSS pull out) Special education classroom with part
time in general education classroom