chemistry meets energy Dr. Michael Bäcker Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH simply irresistible – energy efficiency with high-temperature-superconductors Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH Heisenbergstr. 16 53359 Rheinbach www.d-nano.com
Jul 14, 2015
chemistry meets energy
Dr. Michael BäckerDeutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
simply irresistible –energy efficiency with high-temperature-superconductors
Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbHHeisenbergstr. 1653359 Rheinbachwww.d-nano.com
Outline
- Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
- Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Superconductors in electric grids
- High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)
- Process technology and challenges
- Performance and pilot line
- Summary
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Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
- Founded in November 2011 by Dr. Michael Bäcker
- In June 2013 BASF New Business GmbH aquired all shares of Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
- Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH is part of IBU E-Power Management
- 58 employees , located in Rheinbach, Germany
- Expertise in High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) wires, chemical solutiondeposition, ceramic functional layers, ink-jet-printing, epitaxial growth
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Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Energy efficiency – no electric losses- Grid protection – non-linear resistance T < Tc
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Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Material efficiency – highest power density
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Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Energy efficiency – no electric losses
Source: Siemens
Verified loss reduction exceeding 50% for 4MVA HTS motor
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Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Underground cables – highest current carrying capacity at lowest footprint
Source: Nexans
Conventionalmedium voltage cable
High Temperature Superconductingmedium voltage cable
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Breaking paradigms in electro technology
- Fault current limiters – intrinsically safe grid protection
Source: Nexans
+ compact+ intrinsically safe+ strong limitation+ self recovering
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Superconductors in electric grids
- Energy distribution in dense urban areas – increasing demand & limited space
- High temperature Superconductors enable: Highest energy density at lowest footprint Lower ohmic losses in distribution grids Lower voltage level in distribution grids Redundant transformer substations
- E.g. International Finance Center 2, Hong Kong:
• Substation in 70th floor to be redundant- E.g. Distribution grid in Essen-City:
• Project AmpaCity9
Superconductors in electric grids
- Energy distribution in dense urban areas – increasing demand & limited space
Source: Nexans, RWE 10
Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
Classical Substation
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Existingarchitecture:
• Large power plants at highvoltage level
• Radial distribution
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems 11
Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
Classical Substation
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Integration ofrenewables:
• Large power generation athigh voltage level
• Actualarchitecturesuitable and to bestrengthened
… but
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems 12
Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
Classical Substation
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Integration ofrenewables:
• Large power generation athigh voltage level
and
• Distributed power generationat every voltagelevel
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems 13
Classical Substation
Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Integration ofrenewables:
• Distributed power generationat every voltagelevel
• Different prosumers must exchange energy via transmission grid
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems 14
Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems
Intelligeht Substation
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Integration ofrenewables:
• Exchange between prosumers and higher utilization of distribution grid
• Superconductors enable • long length
AC or DC connection at medium voltage
• failsafe connection of distribution grids
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Superconductors in electric grids
- Integration of renewables in existing grid architecture
Source: Prof. Dr. ir. Dr. h. c. Rik W. De Doncker, E.On Energy Research Center, PGS Power Generation and Storage Systems
Intelligeht Substation
High voltageTransmission
Medium voltageDistribution
Low voltageDistribution
Integration ofrenewables:
• Exchange between prosumers and higher utilization of distribution grid
• Superconductors enable • long length
AC or DC connection at medium voltage
• failsafe connection of distribution grids
High Temperature Superconductors in electricgrids enable the dream of electrical engineers:
„Copperplate Europe/Germany“
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Superconductors in electric grids
- Demonstrators and prototypes worldwide
- More than 10 HTS cables• All voltage levels• Transmission and distribution level• 200m to 3km length
- More than 10 Fault current limiters• Medium and high voltage level• First commercial sales for medium voltage FCL
- Redundant and economic cooling systems• GM Coolers, Brayton turbines, Stirling machines
- More than 25 years of experience in test fields and grid installations
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High Temperature Superconductors
- Critical parametersIc [A]: critical current
Jc [A/mm²]: critical currentdensity HTS layer
Price [€/kAm]: pricing (opc)
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High Temperature Superconductors
- Challenges in materials− Komplex ceramic oxides: YBa2Cu3Ox
− Komplex layered cristalline structure
− Strong anisotropic behaviour
Superconducting current:parallel CuO-planes >> perpendicular CuO-planes
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High Temperature Superconductors
- Challenges in materials− Angular dependent inter-grain current
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High Temperature Superconductors
- HTS wire architecture – orientated epitaxial crystal growth
Statistically orientated „crystals“ template
+
Highly orientated „crystalline“ layer
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High Temperature Superconductors
- HTS wire architecture – thin flexible ceramic coatings
Superconductor layer
Buffer layer
Metal alloy substrate
Orientated epitaxial crystal growth
buffer
HTS
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High Temperature Superconductors
- Challenges for development and production
• Best price performance ratio (€/kAm)
• Scalable large volume production• Reliable and in-time supply• Flexible but mechanically and
electrically stable
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Process Technology
- Chemical solution deposition
• Chemical solution deposition (CSD) for all layers is considered to be the"most promising and mostchallenging process„
• Unique and protected CSD-multi-layer technology
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Process Technology
- Chemical solution deposition
Advantages:• highest throughput (deposition rates)• lowest investment• lowest energy consumption• low raw material costs
⇒ favourable for energy applications
Continuous coating and annealing
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Process Technology
- HTS wire architecture – thin flexible ceramic coatings
Superconductor layerYBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO)
Buffer layerLa2Zr2O7 (LZO), CeO2
Metal alloy substrateNiW-alloy
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Process Technology
- HTS wire architecture – thin flexible ceramic coatings
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Process challenges
- Metallic substrates
Tilted grains in metallic substrate
Metallic substrate as delivered Metallic substrate after surface treatment 28
Process challenges
- Coating and drying
Drying andpyrolysis of YBCO layer: undesired pencil-maze structure
Coating and drying of buffer layers:undesired crack formation
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Process challenges
- Crystallization and epitaxial growth
Quench experiment: growth of LZO layer30
Process challenges
- Crystallization and epitaxial growth
1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2
View along <100>
RHEED measurements of buffer multi-layer surface cristallinity 31
Process challenges
- Crystallization and epitaxial growth
BaF2
BaF2
YBCO
YBCO
YBCOY2Cu2O5
Y2O3 CuOCuOCu2O
BaF2
Complex phase evolution: growth of YBCO layer32
Performance
- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years- Long lengths samples >20m
0
50
100
150
200
250
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Ic[A
/Acm
w]
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Performance
- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years- Short sample measurements of long length tapes
275 A/cmw @ 77K,sf600 A/cmw @ 30K,1T(@1000nm HTS layer) 34
Expanded pilot line
- EPL construction until mid 2015
- Planned capacity > 200km technical HTS wire
- Start sampling for customer projects end 2015
Lab processing Expanded Pilot Line
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Summary
- High temperature superconductors enableultra-compact systems with highest energydensity and lowest losses
- More than 50 demonstrators and prototypesworldwide realized
- Chemical solution deposition enableseconomic mass production of hightemperature superconducting tapes
- Deutsche Nanoschicht reached significantperformance increase over last years andwill start pilot production end 2015
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chemistry meets energy
Thanks for your attention
Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbHHeisenbergstr. 1653359 Rheinbachwww.d-nano.com