Promoting Empathy, Kindness, and Altruism in Childhood and Adolescence: Emerging Research, Lingering Questions, and Directions for Future Research Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, Ph.D. ECPS Department Meeting University of British Columbia February 18, 2015
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Dr. Kimberly Schonert-Reichl Presentation to ECPS Colleagues, February 2015
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Promoting Empathy, Kindness, and
Altruism in Childhood and
Adolescence: Emerging Research, Lingering
Questions, and Directions for Future Research
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, Ph.D. ECPS Department Meeting
University of British Columbia
February 18, 2015
Overview
Introduction
Declining empathy in youth?
Recent findings
Lingering questions
Directions for future research
Thanks to . . . Graduate Students
Eva Oberle
Molly Stewart Lawlor
Jenna Whitehead
Jenny Kitil
Jacquie Maloney
Lina Sweiss
Michelle Sipl
Essie Sutton
Kim Thomson
Zuhra Teja
James Floman
Hannah Schreier
Nicole Catherine
Jen Hanson, . . And many more!
Faculty Collaborators
Shelley Hymel
Barbara Weber
Bruno Zumbo
Clyde Hertzman
Amery Wu
Edith Chen
Sonja Lyubomirsky
Martin Guhn
Anne Gadermann
Tim Oberlander
Adele Diamond
David Abbott
Robert Roeser
Recent Research
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)
Programs
•Roots of Empathy
•MindUP
•SMART-in-Education for teachers
•Adolescent Volunteering
•Kindness Intervention
•Taxi Dog Program
•Random Acts of Kindness Curriculum
Resiliency and Well-being in Children and
Adolescents
•The Middle Years Development Instrument – a population level measure of child well-being and assets
•Supportive adults in schools and communities
Teacher Education
•A scan of SEL in teacher preparation programs in the US and Canada
University-
Community
Collaborations:
Translational
Research
University-Community Collaborations:
Partnerships
“Educating the mind without educating the heart
is no education at all.” - Aristotle
Prosocialness*
Cooperativeness,
helpfulness, sharing, and
being empathic
*Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Bandura, A, & Zimbardo, P. G.
(2000). Prosocial foundations of children’s academic achievement. Psychological
Science, 11, 302–306.
Can Prosocialty Be
Taught?
A Baby and a Snugglie…
The story of “Darren” Darren was the oldest child I ever saw in a Roots of Empathy class. He was in Grade 8
and had been held back twice. He was two years older than everyone else and already
starting to grow a beard. I knew his story: his mother had been murdered in front of his
eyes when he was four years old, and he had lived in a succession of foster homes ever
since. Darren looked menacing because he wanted us to know he was tough: his head
was shaved except for a ponytail at the top and he had a tattoo on the back of his head.
The instructor of the Roots of Empathy program was explaining to the class about
differences in temperament that day. She invited the young mother who was visiting the
class with Evan, her six-month-old baby, to share her thoughts about her baby’s
temperament. Joining in the discussion, the mother told the class how Evan liked to
face outwards when he was in the Snugli and didn’t want to cuddle into her, and how
she would have preferred to have a more cuddly baby. As the class ended, the mother
asked if anyone wanted to try on the Snugli, which was green trimmed with pink
brocade. To everyone’s surprise, Darren offered to try it, and as the other students
scrambled to get ready for lunch, he strapped it on. Then he asked if he could put Evan
in. The mother was a little apprehensive, but she handed him the baby, and he put Evan
in, facing towards his chest. That wise little baby snuggled right in, and Darren took him
into a quiet corner and rocked back and forth with the baby in his arms for several
minutes. Finally, he came back to where the mother and the Roots of Empathy instructor
were waiting and he asked: “If nobody has ever loved you, do you think you could still be
a good father?” (Gordon, 2005, p. 5-6)
Why
Now?
Adolescents Today are
Less Empathic and
More Self-Absorbed Decreases in empathy in 14,000
college students between 1979 and 2009,
especially since 2000 (Konrath et al., 2011)
Why?
What
Now?
Deficits to Developmental
Potential
Promoting Resiliency
INTERVENTION PREVENTION
Social & Emotional Learning (SEL): A Growing Movement