Dr. Heidi Wittmer UFZ, Department Environmental Politics UFZ Science Policy Expert group Science of the MDGs and Global Sustainability: Identifying Future Goals, Targets and Indicators
Dr. Heidi Wittmer UFZ, Department Environmental Politics UFZ Science Policy Expert group
Jan 26, 2016
Dr. Heidi Wittmer UFZ, Department Environmental Politics UFZ Science Policy Expert group. Science of the MDGs and Global Sustainability: Identifying Future Goals, Targets and Indicators. Questions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr. Heidi Wittmer
UFZ, Department Environmental PoliticsUFZ Science Policy Expert group
Science of the MDGs and Global Sustainability: Identifying Future Goals, Targets and Indicators
Page 2
Questions
1. Are MDGs, SDGs + Global Sustainability Goals inter-changeable?
Similar, different, complementary or conflicting?
→ poverty focussed, should include poverty, global limits
2. Goals, targets and indicators to reflect inter-connections?
Conceptual framework to reflect system dynamics + identify data
required?
3. Need for collective action to achieve these targets?
Resolve dichotomy between principles of universality and
subsidiarity?
Page 3
Questions cont.
4. Reconcile data on global environmental indicators
with local, national and regional environmental
indicators? Soc. econ.?
5. Information needs from natural and socio-economic
systems to ensure comparable concrete, quantifiable
and time bound goals, targets and indicators?
6. Steps for scientific community in post 2015 framework
Page 4
Goals, targets and indicators to reflect inter-connections? Conceptual framework to reflect system dynamics + identify data required?
1. Interdependence: local-global, between different goals
2. Synergies and trade-offs depend on strategy chosen
3. Issues, analysis, solutions
Page 5
Scientific policy advice – chief scientist to the UN
or interface science-policy
Science.
1. Science and policy – what are the challenges?
Science.
Policy/Society
Science.
Policy/Society
Policy/Society
Page 6
Page 7
What we need? Framework + process .
(results from a focus group with policy makers May 2012)
Joint formulation of policy relevant questions:
• Comprehensive
• Answerable by science
Solutions that can be implemented on the ground
• Knowledge on impacts of policy,
• knowledge on policy design
Consolidated version from science
Page 8
Governance: where are decisions taken?
Ostrom (2005) rule framework: no way to derive ideal
governance deductively: contextualized trial and error
Facilitate and speed up this „learning by doing“
Providing a means for bringing information together,
furthering exchange and analysis
Page 9
A flexible methodological approach able to include
Answers to different (types) of questions
impact assessment
local demand (and its global impact)
Information on potential provision of ESS (jobs, health…)
Status of ecosystems, (economic, social, cultural system)
Local data, where available
Page 10
Need for collective action to achieve these targets? Resolve dichotomy between principles of universality and subsidiarity?
Two examples that can help bridge the gap:
Translation of local problem fields to global sustainability
→ integrative sustainability concept
Collecting information, furthering exchange → eye on
earth
Page 11
Integrative sustainability concept from the Helmholtz Association (Kopfmüller et al., 2001)
Page 12
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS, KIT
General sustainability goals
Securing human existence Maintaining society´s productive potential
Preserving society´s options for development and action
Integrative Concept of Sustainable DevelopmentIntegrative Concept of Sustainable Development
Page 13
Dr. Volker Stelzer
General sustainability goals
Securing human existence Maintaining society´s productive potential
Preserving society´s options for development and action
Substantial rules
Protection of human health Sustainable use of renewable resources
Equal access of all people to information, education and occupation
Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs
Sustainable use of non-renewable resources
Participation in societal decision-making processes
Autonomous subsistence based on income from own work
Sustainable use of the environ-ment as a sink
Conservation of cultural heritage and cultural diversity
Just distribution of chances for using natural resources
Avoiding technical risks with potentially catastrophic impacts
Conservation of the cultural function of nature
Reduction of extreme income or wealth inequalities
Sustainable development of man-made, human, knowledge capital
Conservation of “social resour-ces”
Integrative Concept of Sustainable DevelopmentIntegrative Concept of Sustainable Development
Page 14
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS KIT
General sustainability goals
Securing human existence Maintaining society´s productive potential
Preserving society´s options for development and action
Substantial rules
Protection of human health Sustainable use of renewable resources
Equal access of all people to information, education and occupation
Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs
Sustainable use of non-renewable resources
Participation in societal decision-making processes
Autonomous subsistence based on income from own work
Sustainable use of the environ-ment as a sink
Conservation of cultural heritage and cultural diversity
Just distribution of chances for using natural resources
Avoiding technical risks with potentially catastrophic impacts
Conservation of the cultural function of nature
Reduction of extreme income or wealth inequalities
Sustainable development of man-made, human, knowledge capital
Conservation of “social resour-ces”
Instrumental rules
- Internalisation of environmental and social external costs - Society´s ability to respond- Adequate discounting - Ability to reflexivity- Limitation of public indebtedness - Ability to self-management- Fair international economic framework conditions - Ability to self-organisation- International co-operation - Balance of power between societal
actors
Integrative Concept of Sustainable DevelopmentIntegrative Concept of Sustainable Development
Page 15SEITE 15
An Integrative Concept of Sustainability (“Helmholtz-Konzept”: Kopfmüller et al., 2001 and Hartmuth et al., 2008)
Sustainability Goals
Local Problem Areas
Connection
1.1 Protection of human health….
2.2 Sustainable use of non-renewable resources …
3.4 Conservation of the cultural function of nature …- Lack of green spaces in former industrial areas
- Contaminated groundwater
- High unemployment
-…
Criteria/Indicators:
- Number of cars per day
- Chemical groundwater quality
- Unemployment rate…
1. Securing human existence
2. Maintaining society’s productive potential
3. Preserving society’s options for development and action
Page 16
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS KIT
SD rule: Protection of human health
Intestinal infectious diseases
Respiratory diseases
High under-5-years-mortality rate
Low life expectancy
High human losses due to natural disasters
Early mortality
High concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POP) in human tissue
High percentage of population being exposed to a noise level of more than 65 dB(A) by day and 55 dB(A) by night
Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (I)Megacities (ex.) (I)
Page 17
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS KIT
Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (II)Megacities (ex.) (II)
SD rule: Satisfaction of basic needs
Undernourished people
Population living below 2 $ per day
Homeless people
School leavers without graduation
Adult illiteracy
Population without access to primary health care facilities
SD rule: Possibility of autonomous subsistence
Long-term unemployment
Precarious employments
Jobs within the informal sector
Lack of credits for the low-income sector
Page 18
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS, KIT
SD rule: Sustainable use of non-renewable resources
Low intensity of Material Use
High imports of non-renewable resources
Low carbon economic efficiency
SD rule: Sustainable use of the environment as a sink
CO2 emission
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration
NOx emissions
VOC emissions
SO2 emissions
Consumption of ozone depleting substances
Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (III)Megacities (ex.) (III)
Page 19
European Environmental Agency:Eye on Earth
Allows open access to broad range of data,
Allows users to feed in data
Allows analysis and including model results
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Questions cont.
4. Reconcile data on global environmental indicators with
local, national and regional environmental indicators?
Soc. econ.?
5. Information needs from natural and socio-economic
systems to ensure comparable concrete, quantifiable and
time bound goals, targets and indicators?
→ Set up systems able to capture relevant data, protocols,
explanations, standardization, hierarchical systems
(aggregate and differentiate)
Page 23
Conclusions
No one size fits all
Solutions at different levels but take into account
interconnectedness (vertical and horizontal)
Awareness raising is not enoúgh – solution-oriented
implementable knowledge is needed
Provide procedural assistance rather than concrete
solutions for all situations
Science organisation: Network of networks
Page 25
Needs for a MAES framework
Needs to disentangle „decisions“ and what influences them
• Regulation, incentives, institutions -> entry points
How to influence decisions by better information on
ecosystems and their services
• Needs to frame evaluation of services, currently we „value“ only
certain services explicitly
• Needs to make benefits (in terms of HWB) explicit
• Where is what information needed at what level of detail?
Guidance on the choice of information
Needs to include biodiversity explicitly
Page 26SEITE 26
An Integrative Concept of Sustainability (“Helmholtz-Konzept”: Kopfmüller et al., 2001)
Sustainability Rules
Local Problem Areas
Connection
Page 27
Goals, targets and indicators to reflect inter-connections? Conceptual framework to reflect system dynamics + identify data required?
No one size fits all
Solutions at different levels but take into account
interconnectedness (vertical and horizontal)
Awareness raising is not enoúgh – solution-oriented
implementable knowledge is needed
Provide procedural assistance rather than concrete
solutions for all situations
Page 28Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS, KIT
SD rule: Development of human and knowledge capital
Low percentage of population with high school diploma or university degree
Low percentage of people speaking at least one foreign language
Not suficiant teacher / professors
Low R & D expenditure
Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (IV)Megacities (ex.) (IV)
SD rule: Participation in societal decision-making processes
Low voter turnout in municipal, provincial and federal/national elections
No direct election of members of the regional government
Few planning processes including institutionalized citizens participation
Low rate of unionization
Page 29
Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS KIT
SD rule: Limitation of public indebtedness
High budget deficit quota
High dept level
Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (V)Megacities (ex.) (V)
SD rule: Balance of power between societal actors
High market-share concentration in important economic branches
Few companies with a workers´ council
SD rule: Social coherence of society
Crime
Inefectivity of public safety services
Homicides
Lack of people active in local organisations and NGOs
Low expenditure for child and youth work
Page 30
TEEB framework: ecosystem processes – functions – services – benefits – values
Institutions & human Judgments determining
(the use of) services
Ecosystems & Biodiversity
*) subset of biophysical structure orprocess providing the service
Service
Management/Restoration
(eg. flood-protection,products
Feedback betweenvalue perception and use of eco-system services
Function*
(eg. slow water passage, biomass)
(eg. vegetation cover or Net Primary Productivity
Biophysical Structure or process
(contributionto health,safety, etc)
Benefit(s)
Human wellbeing(socio-cultural context)
(econ) Value
(eg. WTP for protection
or products)
1)
Adapted from Haines-Young & Potschin, 2009and Maltby (ed.), 2009
Page 31
Define Target (Baseline, trends, gaps, uncertainties…)
Identify actions
Identify policies
Monitoring
E.g. Target 2 – Restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems
Identify actors at all scales and their actions/roles on target 2
How do BES affect other management or policy goals? (can be illustrated at different points of the cascade, depending on policy and target).
List of current knowledge at all scales on target 2
Information on management
practices and how they affect BES
Information on how policies
affect actions and BES
Indicators
EU
MS
Local
EU
MS
Local
Identify relevant policies and tradeoffs influencing target 2
EU
MS
Local
Does the policy affect the actions
EU
MS
Local
Information on how policies
actually affect actins and how
these affect BES
Information needs on status BES
Scenarios, models
Conditionality
Page 32
Processes
Functions
Services
Benefits
Values
Page 33
Processes
Functions
Services
Benefits
Values
Processes
Functions
Services
Benefits
Values
Page 34
Processes
Functions
Services
Benefits
Values
Processes
Functions
Services
Benefits
Values
Management
Management
Goals from Policy sectors
Policy sectors
Awareness
Awarenesst
Policy sectors
Policy sectors
Page 35
Types of questions asked:
Science: what is the current state of biodiversity? how
does biodiversity function? why is it important? How are
biodiversity and ecosystem services linked?
Policy: how is biodiversity/are ecosystem services affected
by current policy? What needs to be changed in the
management on the ground, so that biodiversity suffers
less harm? How can this be implemented via policy? How
much biodiversity do we need? What does it cost to
preserve (a certain amount of) biodiversity?
Page 36
Challenges remain
Understanding for political processes and societal needs
still underdeveloped among scientists
Understanding for scientific work flow still underdeveloped
among knowledge ‚users‘
Involvement of other relevant players needed (e.g.
economic sector)
Bridging activities are needed and require resources and
manpower
Page 37
2. Zur (Vor-)Geschichte: Wie kamen wir zum IPBES?
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