Nanomedicine Lab | Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair | Institute of Inflammation and Repair | Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences | & National Graphene Institute | The University of Manchester | UK @Nanomedicinelab www.nanomedicinelab.com Cyrill Bussy, PhD Graphene: Biomedical applications & safety profile
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Dr Cyrill Bussy presentation Graphene Week 25th June
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Nanomedicine Lab | Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair | Institute of Inflammation and Repair | Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences | & National Graphene Institute | The University of Manchester | UK
C nanotubes C nanohorns Gold nanoparticles Nanoswimmers
Graphene | A biomaterial ?
The idea: using graphene as a biomaterial
Solution 1 : using graphene as it is Solution 2 : modifying graphene to make it a biomaterial performing better
than existing ones
what is interesting about graphene (intrinsically) ?
Is graphene a good platform ?
Bitounis et al., Adv Mat, 2013
Graphene as Biomaterial | Current Landscape – Non Covalent Modifications
Graphene Graphene Oxide
Graphene as Biomaterial | Current Landscape – Covalent Modifications
Bitounis et al., Adv Mat, 2013
Long lasting blood circulation
Targeting
Imaging
Biocompatibility
Therapy
Capture
Graphene in Biomedicine | Current Landscape – Most mature bio-applications
The high chemical versatility of graphene, GO and rGO allows the conjugation of a vast variety of small molecules, macromolecules, and bioactive agents => promising biomedical opportunities
Expected (forecasted) applications
Servant et al.,Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2014 | Bitounis et al., Adv Mat, 2013 | Shen et al, Theranostics 2012
Graphene & drug delivery | Electroresponsive hydrogels for pulsatile drug release
Servant et al., Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2014
Graphene-based electro-responsive hydrogels are SAFER
• Gels were implanted subcutaneously and electrically stimulated for 5 mins
• Significant inflammation for MWNT hybrid gels due to gel heating during stimulation
• under normal conditions, GO are non-toxic materials
• under irradiation (light), materials starts to produce oxidative stress related products that induce cell death
The idea: using the intrinsic optical (photothermal) properties of graphene related materials to induce toxicity
Graphene & therapy | Therapies based on induced toxicity
Li et al, Int J Nanomedicine, 2015
Wu et al, ACS nano, 2015
Cancer cells
Bacteria
The idea: using both the chemical functionalization potential (to attract and collect) and the optical absorption (photothermal) properties to kill bacteria
Main outcome: Pulmonary system is tissue of highest risk, regardless of administration route. Lungs are organs: • with highest accumulation of GBMs (>100 nm) & • site of reported adverse effects
STEP 6: Put everything into perspective
Graphene For medicine (drug delivery)
Bussy et al., Acc Chem Res, 2013
SAFETY RULES 1. to use small, individual CNMs that macrophages in the body can efficiently
internalize and remove from the site of deposition; 2. to use hydrophilic, stable, colloidal dispersions of CNMs to minimize
aggregation in vivo; 3. to use excretable CNMs or chemically-modified CNMs that can be degraded
effectively.
Graphene in Biomedicine| put everything into perspective
Kostarelos, K. and Novoselov K., Science, 2014
Wick et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl., 2014 Bianco, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl., 2013
Graphene in Biomedicine| Proposed Classification
3 essential features for bio-interactions:
• Lateral size • Thickness • Functionalization
Increase in Thickness
Increase in Lateral Dimensions Increase in
Functionalisation
Connect with us:
www.nanomedicinelab.com
@Nanomedicinelab
WP 2 – Health and Environment
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences | The University of Manchester | UK