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DPI-616
PublicOpinion
PippaNorris
Fall2017
Contactdetails:......................................................................................................................................2Coursesynopsis......................................................................................................................................2ClassSchedule:.......................................................................................................................................3Requiredbooks:.....................................................................................................................................4Assignments:... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 5
(i)Projectplan–4Oct(10%)..................................................................................................................5(ii)Draftproject–30Oct(30%).............................................................................................................5(iii)Finalproject–29Nov(50%)............................................................................................................5ClassParticipation(10%)........................................................................................................................5
Requiredandsupplementaryreadings.........................................................................................6Resources.............................................................................................................................................12
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Contact details: Classtime: Monday/Wednesdays2.45-4.00pmClassplace: Taubman401Shopping: Monday28Aug2017Firstclass: Wednesday6Sept2017Lastclass: Wednesday29Nov2017Lecturer: PippaNorris,McGuireLecturerinComparativePoliticsOffice: Littauer110,KennedySchoolofGovernmentOfficeHours: Tuesdays2.00-4.00pmSignupfirstvia:http://www.wejoinin.com/sheets/bobwpTel: (617)4951475Email: [email protected] #PippaN15Projectwebsite www.electoralintegrityproject.comPersonalwebsitewww.pippanorris.comClasswebsite:https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/33400Assistant: PatriciaTimmonsOffice: Rubenstein–110BTel: 617-495-8660Email: [email protected] : Courseassignments,noexam-1credit
Course synopsis Thiscourseprovidesthecoreconceptualtools,theoreticalinsights,andpracticalskillsforanalyzingpublicopinion.Theaimistosharpenyouranalyticalunderstandingofpublicopinionanddeveloppracticalskillsinsurveyanalysis.Each week is divided into two sessions. Monday classes provide the theoretical framework forunderstandingpublicopinionincludingthenatureofmassbeliefs,policyattitudes,politicalparticipation,value change, elections and parties, voting behavior, social cleavages and partisan orientations,knowledgeandbeliefs,themediaandcampaigns,andthenatureofpublicopinion.ItcoverstheseissuesbycomparingtheUnitedStateswithothermajorcomparablepostindustrialsocietiesaswellasacrossabroader range of developing societies around the world. The course will use a broadly comparativemethodology incorporating evidence from a wide range of data sources and countries, includingdevelopedanddevelopingsocieties.Wednesdayclassesprovideanalyticalandstatisticalresearchskillstounderstandthesetopicsanddeepenapplied skills, working hands-on from web-based applications and shared datasets, for example, theAmerican National Election Survey, the U.S. General Social Survey, the Eurobarometer, the EuropeanSocialSurvey,theAfro-barometer,theWorldValuesSurvey,theInternationalSocialSurveyProgram,orequivalent. Students acquire the applied skills to use these resources for projects. The applied classescover issuesof valid and reliable researchdesign, theory construction,modelbuilding, andhypothesis-testing; survey data sources; the appropriate statistical techniques for analyzing categorical andcontinuoussurveydata;andtheprofessionalpresentationofresults.Therearenoprerequisitesfortakingthe class but basic familiarity with statistics and programs, such as Stata, SPSS and R, would beadvantageous.The course is designed for careers analyzing public opinion polling and survey research, campaignmanagement,broadcastingandjournalism,policyanalysis,andstatistics.
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ClassSchedule:
Date Mondays-Theory&literature
Wednesdays–Appliedskillexercises
Duedates(i)
1 W6Sept Introductionandroadmap 2 M11Sept Introductiontothe
Eurobarometer
3 W13Sept Massbeliefs&publicopinion 4 M18Sept IntroductiontotheEuropean
SocialSurvey
5 W20Sept Politicalparticipation 6 M25Sept IntroductiontotheInternational
SocialSurveyProgram
7 W27Sept Valuechange 8 M2Oct IntroductiontotheGallupWorld
PollandPewCentersurveys
9 W4Oct IntroductiontotheWorldValuesSurvey
Projectplan
10 W11Oct Electionsandparties 11 M16Oct IntroductiontotheAmerican
NationalElectionGuide1948-2012
12 W18Oct Socialidentities 13 M23Oct IntroductiontoNORC’sGeneral
SocialSurvey
14 W25Oct Partisanloyalties 15 M30Oct Presentdraftprojects Draft
project16 W1Nov Politicalattitudes&issues 17 M6Nov Datavisualization 18 W8Nov Supportfordemocracy 19 M13Nov 20 W15Nov Datavisualization:Tableau
Mapping
21 M20Nov Campaigns&media 22 M27Nov Presentingprofessionalresults 23 W29Nov Conclusionsandwrapup Final
projectNote: Official Harvard University holidays are as follows: Labor day: 4 Sept; Columbus Day: Oct 9;Veteran'sDay: Nov10 (Observed); Thanksgiving:Nov22-24. Endof semester, 1Dec. Pleasenote thattherearenoclassonFriday1Sept,duetoAPSA.Guestspeakersmayalsobearrangedonseveraltopics.Assignmentsareduetobehandedinatthestartoftheclassonthesedates.
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Required books: Books can be ordered direct fromAmazon.com. Further resourceswith optional supplementary sources are listedundereachweek’stopic.CitizenPolitics:PublicOpinionandPoliticalPartiesinAdvancedIndustrialDemocracies
RussellJ.Dalton
Paperback:336pages.Publisher:ChathamHousePublishers;6thedition(2014)ISBN:978-1452203003$31.48Amazon
CQWebsiteresources
TablesandFiguresPreface1.IntroductionI.POLITICSANDTHEPUBLIC2.TheNatureofMassBeliefs3.HowWeParticipate4.WhoParticipates?II.POLITICALORIENTATIONS5.ValuesinChange6.IssuesandIdeologicalOrientationsIII.THEELECTORALCONNECTION7.ElectionsandPoliticalParties8.TheSocialBasesofPartySupport9.PartisanshipandVoting10.AttitudesandVotingChoice11.PoliticalRepresentationIV.DEMOCRACYANDTHEFUTURE12.CitizensandtheDemocraticProcessAppendixA:StatisticalPrimerAppendixB:MajorDataSourcesAppendixC:WorldValuesSurveyCodebook
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Assignments:AllstudentsareexpectedtokeepupwiththerequiredreadingsandtoattendclasseseveryMondayandWednesday.Latepolicy:Barringanextraordinaryexcuse,alllateassignmentswillbemarkeddownathirdofagrade(suchasfromAtoA-)foreachdayfollowingtheduedate.(i)Projectplan–4Oct(10%)Toapplytheknowledgeandtheskillsindataanalysislearntduringtheclassyouneedtopickoneofthetopics listed in the syllabus and develop a specific analytical question, and a two-page single spacedprojectplansuggestinghowyouwillanalyzetheissue.Theaimoftheplansistogetyouthinkingandtogiveyoufeedbackatanearlystage.Theplanshouldoutline:
1. Thekeyquestionyouaimtoexploreandwhy.2. Thetheoreticalframework,model,andhypothesisyouwillanalyze.3. The comparative framework, survey data-set, key concepts and operationalmeasures youwill
usetotestthesepropositions.Moredetailswillbediscussedinclass.Youarestronglyrecommendedtopickoneoftheavailablesurveydatasets for youranalysis. The in-classdiscussionswill provide some feedback, andyoumay choose toworkcollaborativelywithothersintheclass,buteachstudentshouldsubmithisorherownreportforanindividualgrade.
(ii)Draftproject–30Oct(30%)Thedraftprojectshouldbesubmittedby30Oct.Thedraftreportshouldbeabout2,000-2,500wordsinlengthandorganizedwiththefollowingsections:
I. IntroductionII. Literaturereview,theoreticalframework,andhypotheses.III. Researchdesign,data,andmethodsofanalysis.IV. Preliminarydescriptionofthedatafindings.
Theaimistohandinadraftreportsothatyouhavetimeforfeedbackandrevisionbeforesubmittingthefinalandexpandedversion.(iii)Finalproject–29Nov(50%)Thefinalprojectisduetobesubmittedby29Nov.Thefinalproject,incorporatingrevisedandexpandedmaterials already discussed in the draft version, should be about 4000-5,000 words in length (notincludingtechnicalappendices).Thefinalreportshouldhavethefollowingsections.
I. IntroductionII. Literaturereview,theoreticalframeworkandhypotheses.III. Researchdesign,data,andmethodsofanalysis.IV. Finalresultsandfindings(revisedandexpandedfromtheabovedraft).V. Conclusionsandimplicationsthatflowfromtheanalysis.VI. Endnotes:comprehensivelistofliteratureanddatasources.VII. TechnicalAppendices.
ClassParticipation(10%)Lastly,creditwillbegivenforclassparticipationthroughthereadings,casestudies,anddebatesaboutcontroversialissues.
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RequiredandsupplementaryreadingsNote:Thesereadingsrelatetotheclassesspecifiedintheschedule.1.Introductionandroadmap
Noreading
3.Massbeliefs&publicopinion
Istherearationalbasistopublicopinion?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter2.
CathyFrankovic.2016.‘Beliefinconspiracieslargelydependsonpoliticalidentity’YouGov.https://today.yougov.com/news/2016/12/27/belief-conspiracies-largely-depends-political-iden/(DownloadtheEconomist/YouGovpoll27Dec2016inPDFonthislink)
Supplementaryreading:
Archen,ChristopherandLarryM.Bartels.2016.DemocracyforRealists.PrincetonUniversityPress.
Caplan,Bryan.2007.TheMythof theRationalVoter:WhyDemocracies chooseBadPolicies. PrincetonUniversityPress.
Converse,PhilipE.,1964.‘Thenatureofbeliefsystemsinmasspublics.’In:DavidApter.Ed.IdeologyandDiscontent.NewYork:FreePress.
Converse,PhilipE.,1970. ‘Attitudesvs.non-attitudes:thecontinuationofadialogue.’ In:E.R.Tufte.Ed.TheQuantitativeAnalysisofSocialProblems.Reading,MA:Addison-Wesley.
DelliCarpini,MichaelandScottKeeter.1996.WhatAmericansKnowaboutPoliticsandWhy itMatters.YaleUniversityPress.
Lupia,Arthur.2016.Uninformed:WhyPeopleKnowsoLittleaboutPoliticsandWhatwecanDoAboutit.OxfordUniversityPress.
Zaller,John.1992.TheNatureandOriginsofMassOpinion.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.
5.Politicalparticipation
WhyisvoterturnoutsolowintheUnitedStatescomparedwithequivalentWesterndemocracies?
Howimportantareinstitutionalproceduresforexplainingcross-nationalvariationsinelectoralparticipation?
Doinequalitiesinparticipationmatter?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter3and4
Supplementaryreading:
Blais, André and Agnieszka Dobrzynska. 1998. ‘Turnout in electoral democracies.’ European Journal ofPoliticalResearch.33(2):239-261.
Blais,André.2000.ToVoteorNottoVote?TheMeritsandLimitsofRationalChoiceTheory.Pittsburgh:UniversityofPittsburghPress.
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Blais,Andre.2006.‘Whataffectsvoterturnout?’AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience.9(111-125)
Franklin,MarkN.2001.‘TheDynamicsofElectoralParticipation.’InComparingDemocracies2.Eds.LawrenceLeDuc,RichardG.NiemiandPippaNorris.London:Sage.
Gray,MarkandMikiCaul.2000.‘Decliningvoterturnoutinadvancedindustrializeddemocracies,1950to1997.’ComparativePoliticalStudies.33(9):1091-1122.
Geys,Benny.2006.Explainingvoterturnout:Areviewofaggregate-levelresearch.ElectoralStudies25(4):637-663.
Gilens,Martin.2012.AffluenceandInfluence:EconomicInequalityandPoliticalPowerinAmerica.PrincetonUniversityPress.
Han,Hahrie.2009.MovedtoAction:Motivation,participation,andInequalityinAmericanPolitics.StanfordUniversityPress.
Jackman,RobertW.andRossA.Miller.1995.‘Voterturnoutinindustrialdemocraciesduringthe1980s.’ComparativePoliticalStudies.27:467-492.
Leighley,JanandJonathanNagler.2014.WhoVotesNow?PrincetonUniversityPress.
Norris,Pippa.2002.DemocraticPhoenix.CambridgeUniversityPress.
Pérez-Liñán,Aníbal.2001.‘Neo-institutionalaccountsofvoterturnout:movingbeyondindustrialdemocracies.’ElectoralStudies.20(2):281-297.
Powell,Jr.G.Bingham.1986.‘Americanturnoutincomparativeperspective.’AmericanPoliticalScienceReview.80:17-43.
Rolfe,Meredith.2012.VoterTurnout:ASocialTheoryofPoliticalParticipation.NY:CambridgeUniversityPress.
VanHam,CarolineandK.Smets,2013,'Theembarrassmentofriches?Ameta-analysisofindividual-levelresearchonvoterturnout',ElectoralStudies,vol.32,pp.344-359,10.1016/j.electstud.2012.12.006
Wattenberg,MartinP.2002.Wherehaveallthevotersgone?Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress.
7.Valuechangeandideologicalorientations
ExplainandcritiqueInglehart’stheoryofculturalchange.
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter5
Supplementaryreading:
Abramson,PaulR.andRonaldInglehart.1995.ValueChangeinGlobalPerspective.AnnArbor,Mich:UniversityofMichiganPress.
Almond,GabrielA.andSidneyVerba.1963.TheCivicCulture:PoliticalAttitudesandDemocracyinFiveNations.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Almond,GabrielandSidneyVerba.Eds.1980.TheCivicCultureRevisited.Boston:LittleBrown.
Harrison,LawrenceE.andSamuelP.Huntington.Eds.2000.CultureMatters.NewYork:BasicBooks.
Inglehart, Ronald and Wayne E. Baker. 2000. ‘Modernization, Globalization and the Persistence ofTradition:EmpiricalEvidencefrom65Societies.’AmericanSociologicalReview.65:19-55.
Inglehart,Ronald.1977.TheSilentRevolution:ChangingValuesandPoliticalStylesAmongWestern
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Publics.Princeton,N.J:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Inglehart,Ronald.1990.CultureShiftinAdvancedIndustrialSociety.Princeton,N.J:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Inglehart,Ronald.1997.ModernizationandPost-modernization:Cultural,EconomicandPoliticalChangein43Societies.Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress.Chapter1pp7-50andChapter3pp.67-107.
Inglehart,Ronald.2003.‘HowSolidisMassSupportforDemocracyandHowDoWeMeasureIt?’PS:PoliticalScienceandPolitics.
Klingemann,Hans-DieterandDieterFuchs.1995.CitizensandtheState.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Norris,PippaandRonaldInglehart.2004.Sacredandsecular:ReligionandPoliticsworldwide.CambridgeUniversityPress.Chaptersavailablefromwww.pippanorris.com
Welzel,Chris,RonaldInglehart,andHans-DieterKlingemann.2003.‘Thetheoryofhumandevelopment:Across-culturalanalysis.’EuropeanJournalofPoliticalResearch42(3):341-379.
10.Electionsandparties
Whatexplainstheriseofelectoralsupportforpopulistpartiesandleaders?
Dovoterscareaboutissuesofelectoralintegrity?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter7
Supplementaryreading:
Bartolini, Stephano and Peter Mair. 1990. Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: TheStabilizationofEuropeanElectorates,1885-1985.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Budge, Ian, David Robertson andDerek Hearl. Eds. 1987. Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: SpatialAnalysisofPostwarElectionProgrammes in19Democracies. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Dalton, Russell J. and Martin Wattenberg. Ed. 2001. Parties without Partisans. New York: OxfordUniversityPress.
Eijk, Cees van der,Mark Franklin et al. 1996.Choosing Europe? The European Electorate andNationalPoliticsintheFaceoftheUnion.AnnArbor:UniversityofMichiganPress.
Hsieh,JohnFuh-ShengandDavidNewman.Eds.2002.HowAsiaVotes.NewYork:ChathamHouse.
Lijphart,Arend.1994.ElectoralSystemsandPartySystems:AStudyofTwenty-SevenDemocracies,1945-1990.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.
Nohlen,Dieter,FlorianGrotz,andChristofHartmann.Eds.2002.ElectionsinAsiaandthePacific:ADataHandbook.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Nohlen, Dieter, Michael Krennerich, and Bernhard Thibaut. Eds.1999. Elections in Africa: A DataHandbook.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Powell, Jr. G. Bingham. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale UniversityPress.
Sartori, Giovanni. 1976. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. New York: CambridgeUniversityPress.
Taagepera,Rein,andMatthewSobergShugart.1989.SeatsandVotes:TheEffectsandDeterminantsofElectoralSystems.NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress.
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12.Socialcleavages
Hasidentitypoliticsfadedovertimeorbeenreinvented?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter8
Supplementaryreading:
Clark,TerryNicholsandSeymourMartinLipset.Eds.2001.TheBreakdownofClassPolitics.Baltimore,MD:TheJohnsHopkinsPress.
Crewe,IvorandDavidDenver.Eds.1985.ElectoralChangeinWesternDemocracies:PatternsandSourcesofElectoralVolatility.NewYork:St.Martin'sPress
Evans,Geoffrey.1999.TheDeclineofClassPolitics?Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Franklin,Mark,TomMackie,HenryValen,etal.1992.ElectoralChange:ResponsestoEvolvingSocialandAttitudinalStructuresinWesternCountries.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Heath,Anthony,RogerJowell,andJohnCurtice.1985.HowBritainVotes.Oxford:PergamonPress.
Heath,Anthony,RogerJowell,andJohnCurtice.2001.TheRiseofNewLabour.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Heath,Anthony,RogerJowell,JohnCurtice,GeoffreyEvans,JuliaField,andSharonWitherspoon.1991.UnderstandingPoliticalChange:TheBritishVoter1964-1987.Oxford:Pergamon.
Lipset,SeymourMartinandSteinRokkan.1967.PartySystemsandVoterAlignments.NewYork:FreePress.
Manza,JeffandClemBrooks.1999.SocialCleavagesandPoliticalChange:VoterAlignmentsandU.S.PartyCoalitions.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.
Nie,Norman,SidneyVerbaandJohnPetrocik.1976.TheChangingAmericanVoter.Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress.
White,Stephen,RichardRoseandIanMcAllister.1996.HowRussiaVotes.NewJersey,ChathamHouse.Whitefield,S.2002.‘Politicalcleavagesandpost-communistpolitics.’AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience.5:
181-200.
14.Partisanorientations
Does‘thepartydecide’?
Havepartisanidentitiesfadedorbeingreinforcedinvotingchoices?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter9
Supplementaryreading:
Blais André, Elizabeth Gidengil, Richard Nadeau, Neil Nevitte. 2001. ‘Measuring party identification:Britain,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.’PoliticalBehavior23(1):5-22.
Butler,DavidE.,andDonaldStokes.1974.PoliticalChangeinBritain.Revisededition.London:Macmillan.
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Campbell,Angus,PhilipConverse,WarrenMillerandDonaldStokes.1960.TheAmericanVoter.NewYork:Wiley.
Campbell, Angus, Philip Converse, Warren Miller and Donald Stokes. 1966. Elections and the Political
Order.NewYork:Wiley.Dalton,RussellJ.,ScottFlanagan,andPaulAllenBeck,Eds.1984.ElectoralChangeinAdvancedIndustrial
Democracies:RealignmentorDealignment?Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Klingemann,Hans-DieterandDieterFuchs.1995.CitizensandtheState.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Miller,ArthurH.2000.‘Thedevelopmentofpartyidentificationinpost-sovietsocieties.’AmericanJournalofPoliticalScience.44(4):667-686.
Miller,WarrenE.andJ.MerrillShanks.1996.TheNewAmericanVoter.Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress.
SchicklerE.andD.P.Green.1997. ‘Thestabilityofparty identification inwesterndemocracies -Resultsfromeightpanelsurveys.’ComparativePoliticalStudies30(4):450-483.
Schmitt,Herman,andSörenHolmberg.1995.‘PoliticalPartiesinDecline?’InCitizensandtheState,Eds.Hans-DieterKlingemannandDieterFuchs.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Thomassen,Jacques.1976.'Partyidentificationasacross-nationalconcept:itsmeaningintheNetherlands'.InPartyIdentificationandBeyond.Eds.IanBudge,IvorCreweandDennisFarlie.London:JohnWiley.
Thomassen, Jacques. 1994. ‘The intellectual history of election studies.’ European Journal of PoliticalResearch25:239–245.
16.Politicalattitudesandissuevoting
Doissuesimpactvotingchoices?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapters6and10
Supplementaryreading:
Aarts,Kees,S.E.MacDonald,andG.Rabinowitz.1999.‘IssuesandpartycompetitionintheNetherlands.’ComparativePoliticalStudies.32(1):63-99.
Anderson, Christopher. 1995. Blaming the Government: Citizens and the Economy in Five EuropeanDemocracies.NewYork:M.E.Sharpe.
Budge, Ian, Klingemann, H-D, Volkens, A., Bara, J., Tanenbaum, E. (2001)Mapping Policy Preferences.EstimatesforParties,Electors,andGovernments1945-1998,Oxford:OUP
Budge, Ian, David Robertson andDerek Hearl. Eds. 1987. Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: SpatialAnalysisofPostwarElectionProgrammes in19Democracies. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Dorussen,H.andM.Taylor.2001.‘Thepoliticalcontextofissue-priorityvoting:coalitionsandeconomicvotingintheNetherlands,1970-1999.’ElectoralStudies.20(3):399-426.
Downs,Anthony.1955.Aneconomictheoryofdemocracy.HarperRow.
Eulau, Heinz andMichael S. Lewis-Beck, Eds. 1985. Economic Conditions and Electoral Outcomes: TheUnitedStateandWesternEurope.NewYork:AgathonPress,Inc.
Fiorina,MorrisP.1981.RetrospectiveVotinginAmericanNationalElections.NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress.
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Karp Jeff A. and Susan A. Banducci. 2002. ‘Issues and party competition under alternative electoralsystems.’PartyPolitics.8(1):123-141.
Klingemann,Hans-Dieter,RichardHofferbertandIanBudge.1994.Parties,PoliciesandDemocracy.Boulder,Co:Westview.
Laver,Michael.(ed).2001.EstimatingthePolicyPositionsofPoliticalActors,London:Routledge.
Lewis-Beck, Michael S. 1988. Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies. Ann Arbor:UniversityofMichiganPress.
Norpoth,Helmut,MichaelS.Lewis-Beck,andJean-DominiqueLafay.1991.Economicsandpolitics:the
calculusofsupport.AnnArbor:UniversityofMichiganPress.
Lewis-Beck,MichaelS.andM.Stegmaier.2000. ‘Economicdeterminantsofelectoraloutcomes.’AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience.3:183-219.
18.Supportfordemocracy
Areyoungpeoplegrowingdisillusionedwithliberaldemocracy?
Haspublicsupportfordemocraticvaluesstalled?
Whataretheimplicationsofthegrowthin‘criticalcitizens’?
Essentialreading:
RussellJ.Dalton.2014.CitizenPolitics.Chatham,NJ:ChathamHouse.Chapter12
Supplementaryreading:
Norris,Pippa.2000.CriticalCitizens:Globalsupportfordemocracy.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Chapter1.(Availableonlineatwww.pippanorris.com)
Norris,Pippa.2011.DemocraticDeficits.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.
Nye,JosephS.,PhilipD.Zelikow,andDavidC.King.1997WhyPeopleDon'tTrustGovernment,eds.Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress.
Pharr,SusanandRobertPutnam.Eds.2000.DisaffectedDemocracies:What’sTroublingtheTrilateralCountries?Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Putnam,RobertD.Ed.2002DemocraciesinFlux.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
RobertD.Putnam.2000.BowlingAlone:TheCollapseandRevivalofAmericanCommunity.NY:SimonandSchuster.
Rose,Richard,andWilliamMishler.1996.“TestingtheChurchillHypothesis:PopularSupportforDemocracyanditsAlternatives.”JournalofPublicPolicy16:29-58.
Rose,Richard,WilliamMishlerandChristianHaerpfer.1998.DemocracyandItsAlternativesinPost-CommunistEurope:TestingtheChurchillHypothesis.Cambridge:PolityPress.
21.Campaigns&media
Essentialreading:
Norris,Pippa.2000.AVirtuousCircle:PoliticalCommunicationinPost-IndustrialDemocracies.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.Introductionandconclusion.Chaptersonlineatwww.pippanorris.com.
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Supplementaryreading:
Bartels,Larry.1993.Messagereceived:thepoliticalimpactofmediaexposure.AmericanPoliticalScienceReview87:267–285.
Bennett,W.LanceandRobertEntman.Eds.2000.MediatedPolitics.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Bowler,ShaunandDavidFarrell,Eds.1992.ElectoralStrategiesandPoliticalMarketing.Basingstoke:Macmillan.
Cappella,JosephN.andKathleenH.Jamieson.1997.SpiralofCynicism:ThePressandthePublicGood.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.
McQuail,Denis.1998.MassCommunicationTheory.London:Sage.
Norris,Pippa,JohnCurtice,DavidSanders,MargaretScammellandHolliSemetko.1999.OnMessage:CommunicatingtheCampaign.London:Sage.
Norris,Pippa.2001.DigitalDivide.CUP.
Guther,RichardandAnthonyMughan.2000.DemocracyandtheMedia.CUP.
23.Conclusions:Wrapupandevaluation
Resources Afro-Barometerhttp://www.afrobarometer.org/
AsiaBarometerwww.eastasiabarometer.organdhttp://www.asianbarometer.org/
AmericanNationalElectionStudiesGuidetoPublicOpinionandElectoralBehaviorhttp://www.electionstudies.org/nesguide/nesguide.htm
ElectoralIntegrityProjectwww.electoralintegrityproject.com
EuroBarometerhttp://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/publicopinion/index.cfm
EuropeanSocialSurveyhttp://naticent02.uuhost.uk.uu.net
GallupInternationalVoiceofthePeoplewww.voice-of-the-people.net/
Globalbarometershttp://www.globalbarometer.net/
NORC’sGeneralSocialSurveyhttps://gssdataexplorer.norc.org/
InternationalSocialSurveyProgramhttp://www.issp.org/
Latino-barometrowww.latinobarometro.org
LatinAmericanPublicOpinionProject(LAPOP)http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/
NewEuropeBarometerwww.cspp.strath.ac.uk
PewGlobalSurveyshttp://pewglobal.org/
RoperCenterArchiveiPollonline(ViaHollis)https://ropercenter-cornell-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/
WorldValuesStudy1981-2005http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/
WorldPublicOpinionhttp://www.worldpublicopinion.org/