DOW COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARACHI. M.Phil PROGRAM SPECIFICATION – SPECIMEN Introduction of Institute & Programs Annex-1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dow College of Pharmacy Dow University of Health Sciences PROGRAMS: 1. M.Phil Course Title 1. Pharmacology 2. Pharmaceutics 3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry 4. Pharmacognosy 5. Pharmacy Practice Course Duration M.Phil--------2-4 years Type of Study Thesis Based Research Work Study System Annual Total Credit Hours M.Phil--- 41 credit hours Credit Hours Distribution-Semester Wise Semester-1= 14 credit hours Semester-2= 15 credit hours Semester-3= 06 credit hours Course Title with Study Hours Distribution Annex-2 Teaching Hours Distribution Annex-3 Modules Detail with Credit Hours Annex-4 Assessment of Student Internal Evaluation (Throughout Semester= Tests, Viva, Quiz, Presentations, Assignments )= 30 marks Terminal exam=70 Marks (BCQs and SEQs paper) Degree Awarding Institution Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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DOW COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARACHI.
M.Phil PROGRAM SPECIFICATION – SPECIMEN
Introduction of Institute & Programs Annex-1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dow College of Pharmacy Dow University of Health Sciences PROGRAMS:
1. M.Phil
Course Title 1. Pharmacology 2. Pharmaceutics 3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry 4. Pharmacognosy 5. Pharmacy Practice
Semester-1 Semester-2 Semester-3 Semester-4 Total No. of
Credit Hrs.
17
14 15 6 6 41
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry:
Course Details: For each course in the program that can be counted for credit provide 1-2
pages specifying the following:
SEMESTER-1
Course Title
PCH 701- BIOSTATISTICS (CORE-I)
Course Objective
This course is designed to give students experience and confidence in the design and
analysis of data within realistic biological research contexts. Students will gain basic
practical experience in collecting, displaying, summarizing, analyzing and interpreting
biological data in applied research contexts using standard statistical methods.
Syllabus breakdown in lectures (As per table given below)
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction of Data Organization
(Grouping Data)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
2 Data Organization (Graphs and
Charts
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
3 Symbols and Summation Notation
Sample and Population
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
4 Measures of Central Tendency 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
5 Measures of Dispersion 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
6 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
7 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
18
assignments/
presentations.
8 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
9 Discrete Probability Distribution: 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
10 Discrete Probability Distribution: 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
11 Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions:
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
12 Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions:
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
13 Sampling Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
14 Estimating Means (Large Sample 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
15 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample
Test
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
16 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample
Test
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
17 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample
Test
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
18 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
19 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
20 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
21 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
22 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
19
presentations.
23 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
24 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
25 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
26 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
27 Analysis Of Variance One Way
ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
28 Analysis Of Variance One Way
ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
29 Analysis Of Variance One Way
ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
30 Analysis Of Variance Two Way
ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
31 Analysis Of Variance Two Way
ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
32 Factorial ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
33 Factorial ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
34 Regression, Multiple Regression
And Correlation
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
35 Regression, Multiple Regression
And Correlation
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
36 Non Parametric Statistics 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
37 Non Parametric Statistics 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
20
38 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
39 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
40 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
Text and Reference Books Heath, D. An Introduction to Experimental Design and Statistics for Biology, London, UCL Press, 1995.
Campbell, S. K. Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking, Prentice-Hall, 1974.
Fisher, R. A. The Design of Experiments. Hafner, 1971.
Gonick, L. and Smith, W. The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. Harper Perennial, 1993
Moses, L. E. Think and Explain with Statistics. Addison Wesley, 1986.
Salsburg, D. S. Understanding Randomness. Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 6 Marcel Dekker, 1983.
Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. Introduction to Biostatistics, 2nd
, 3ed. Freeman, 1987.
Zar, J. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, 1984.
Course Title
PCH 703- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (CORE-II)
Course Objective
The objectives of the course are:
To provide students with the tools and skills required to understand research terminology
and assess published research; to identify the types of methods best suited for
investigating different types of problems and questions, to design a research proposal and to begin initial preparations for embarking on a new research project.
Syllabus breakdown in lectures (As per table given below)
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1
Introduction 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
2
Research Objective
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
3 Selection of the area of research
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
4 Selection of the area of research 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
21
presentations.
5 Selection of research
guide/supervisor
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
6 Selection of research
guide/supervisor
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
7 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
8 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
9 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
10 Construction of a strong statement
that summarizes the selected topic.
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
11 Construction of a strong statement
that summarizes the selected topic.
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
12 Sources of information
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
13 Books, journals/periodicals, old
testimonials.
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
14 News papers, internet; proceedings
of conferences
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
15 Seminars, workshops and training
programs; conversations
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
16 Detail of Equipments/ Fields/ Area
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
17 Type of Instruments: Models, make
and country of origin;
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
18 Validation: reliability and accuracy 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
Clinical Research in Pharmacy (Major-VII) PCE 710 2
Pharmaceutical marketing and management
(Major-VIII)
PCE 712 2
15 credit hrs.
Semester Title of Course Course
Code
No. of Credit
Hrs.
Semester-3 Advances in industrial pharmacy (Major-IX) PCE 711 3
65
. Pharmaceutical Quality Management Systems
(Major -X)
PCE 713 3
Journal Club (Core-IV) PCE 715
1
7 Credit hrs.
Semester Title of Course Course
Code
No. of Credit
Hrs.
Semester-4
.
Research work and Submission of thesis (Core-V)
PCE 714
6
6 Credit hrs.
Total Credit hours:
Semester-1 Semester-2 Semester-3 Semester-4 Total No. of
Credit Hrs.
13 15 7 6 41
Department of Pharmaceutics:
Course Details: For each course in the program that can be counted for credit provide 1-2 pages
specifying the following:
SEMESTER 1
66
PCE 701: BIOSTATISTICS: (CORE-I)
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
At end of the lecture, the student will be able to: 1. Define Data Organization (Grouping Data), (Graphs and Charts). 2. Describe Symbols and Summation Notation Sample and Population 3. Explain Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Probability, Discrete
Probability Distribution, Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions, Sampling Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, One Sample Test, Two Sample Test (Independent Population) Two Sample Test (Paired And Proportion),Chi-Square Distribution
Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA, Two Way ANOVA
Regression, Multiple Regression And Correlation,Non Parametric Statistics
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Durati
on
Teaching Method
1
Introduction of Data Organization
(Grouping Data): Introduction,
Biostatistics, Two Kind of Statistics,
Variable Types,
1 hr Lecture/ power
point
2
Frequency Distribution,Cumulative
Frequency Distribution, Frequency
Distribution of Continuous,
“ “
3 Relative Frequency Distribution, Stem
and Leaf Table
“ “
4
Data Organization (Graphs and Charts):
Graphic Presentation, Graphic
Presentation for Categorical Data,
“ “
5 Graphic Presentation for Quantitative
Data (Measurement),
“ “
6 Frequency Polygon, Pictograms,
Distortion the truth with Pictures
“ “
67
7 Symbols and Summation Notation
Sample and Population: Symbols,
Summation, Population and Sample,
Random Sampling
“ “
9 Simple Random Sampling, Stratified
Random Sampling,
“ “
10 Systematic Sampling, Cluster Sampling,
Parameter and Statistic
“ “
11 Measures of Central Tendency: Types of
Summary Measures, Measures of
Central Tendency,
“ “
12 The Mean (Arithmetic Mean), The
weighted Mean, The Median, The
Mode,
“ “
13 Measures of Central Tendency for
Grouped Data, The Mean, Median
and mode for the Grouped Data
“ “
14 Measures of Dispersion: Introduction,
The Range, The Mean Deviation, The
Variance,
“ “
15 Standard Deviation, The Coefficient of
Variation, Measures of Dispersion for
Grouped Data
“ “
16 Probability : Introduction ,Some
Definitions, Classical Probability,
“ “
17 Relative Frequency Probability, Notation
and Graphical Presentation of Events
“ “
68
18 Discrete Probability Distribution: Discrete
Random Variable,
“ “
19 Probability Distribution of Discrete
Random Variable.
“ “
20 Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions: Bernoulli Trials,
Binomial Distribution,
“ “
21 Poisson Distribution, Normal Distribution,
Standard Normal Distribution
“ “
22
Sampling Distribution: Introduction,
Population of Samples Means,
“ “
23 Properties of populations of Sample
Means,
Properties of Distribution of Sample
Means, Central Limit Theorem
“ “
24 Estimating Means (Large Sample):
Estimating Mean, Confidence Interval
Estimate, Confidence Interval for the
Population Mean μ
“ “
25 Determination of Sample Size for
Estimating Means, Confidence
Interval for Population Mean (Small
Samples), Confidence Interval for
Population Mean μ
“ “
26 Small Interval, σ Known, T Distribution,
Confidence Interval for μ, Small
Sample, σ Unknown,
“ “
69
27 Confidence Interval for Population
Proportion (Large Sample), The
Sampling Distribution of a
proportion,
“ “
28 Determining the sample Size for
Estimating Proportion
“
29 Hypothesis Testing: Introduction, Some
Definition, Hypothesis Testing
Procedure, Hypothesis Testing for a
Population Mean (Large Samples)
“ “
30
One Sample Test
Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
“ “
31 Two Sample Test (Paired And Proportion)
Chi-Square Distribution
“ “
32 Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA,
Two Way ANOVA
“ “
33 Non Parametric Statistics Sign Test,
Wilcoxon
Signed Rank Test, Mann Whitney Test
The Kruskal Wallis H Test
“ “
Text and Reference Books 1). Daniel W. W. Bio Statistics, Foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences. 3rd Edition,1983.
2). Zar. J. H. Bio-Statistical analysis, Francis Hall, N. J. USA.
3). Nilton, J. S. and Tsokes, J.D. Statistical Methods in Biological and Health Sciences, Me.
Grew-Hill,1983.
70
4). Chaudhry SA. And Kamal S. Introduction to Statistical Theory. Part-I and Part-II, Ilmi
Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar Lahore, 1996.
5). Sunmels M. Statistics for the life sciences, Dellen Pub. Co. SF. USA, 1991.
6). Walpole RF. Introduction to Statistics, Macmillam Pub.Co. NY.1982.
PCE 703: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (CORE-II)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to:
Define Concept of Research,Foundation of Hypothesis, Criteria of Good, Research Literature
Review. Explain Design of Experiment, Selection and preparation of tools for data collection,
Practicalities of data collection.
Demonstrate Presentation skills & Writing skills
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Durati
on
Teaching Method
1
Concept of Research and its Approaches/
Scientific approaches/ Research
Terminologies.
1 hour Lecture/ power
point
2 Foundation of Hypothesis / How to do
Research Project/ Research on human
Specimens.
“ “
3 Criteria of Good Research / Research and
Quality Assurance.
“ “
71
4 Criteria of Good Research / Research and
Quality Assurance.
“ “
5 Literature Review I: Efficient Use of
Computers and Internet : Search
engines, digital libraries, E-databases,
archives
“ “
6 Literature Review I: Efficient Use of
Computers and Internet : Search
engines, digital libraries, E-databases,
archives
“ “
7 Literature Review II: Selection of research
problem; Research Journals,
Professional Societies, Conferences,
Scientific meetings, Workshops
“ “
8 Design of Experiment: Scientific
Study/Research Design.
“ “
9 Design of Experiment: Scientific
Study/Research Design.
“ “
10 Variables and its types. “ “
11 Variables and its types “ “
12 Selection and preparation of tools for
data collection, Practicalities of data
collection
“ “
13 Selection and preparation of tools for
data collection, Practicalities of data
collection
“ “
14 Sampling & Techniques “ “
15 Sampling & Techniques “ “
16 Processing and data analysis (statistical
approaches).
“ “
72
17 Processing and data analysis (statistical
approaches).
“ “
18 Analysis and interpreting of findings “ “
19 Analysis and interpreting of findings
20 Research Misconduct: Fraudulent research,
Plagiarism, retraction and cleansing, legal
burden.
Research Ethics/Informed Consent:
Confidentiality, deception, de-hoaxing and
desensitization
“ “
21 Scientific Integrity: Precision, reporting,
credits, authorship, mentoring Critical.
“ “
22 Evaluation of Research: Accuracy, precision,
reproducibility (stability and objectivity),
reliability,
“ “
23 quality, originality, bias and distortion, non-deliberate bias, sampling bias.
“ “
24 Communication of Science: Communication & Presentation skills: Oral: Technical Presentation, Keynote address, invited lectures, popular lecture
“ “
26 Communication of Science: Communication & Presentation skills: Oral: Technical Presentation, Keynote address, invited lectures, popular lecture
“ “
27 Writing skills: Language, diction, and contemporary style, data presentation and documentation/ Thesis writing /
“ “
28 Guidelines for synopsis/ thesis writing) How to present articles in ‘journal Club’.
“ “
29 Publication: Paper, audience and journal, basic structure of research paper, full-
“ “
73
length paper, short communications & notes,
30 case report, review and case series analysis, editorial, book review, letter to editor; refereeing process Editor’s role and impact factor.
31 Research Organizations: International & national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan, Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
“ “
32 Research Organizations: International & national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan, Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
33 Research Organizations: International & national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan, Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
“ “
34 Research Proposal: components, research economics, budgeting relevance to significance of research objectives
“ “
PCE 705: PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (Core-III)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to:
Define Epidemiology, disease Transmission.
Explain Measuring the occurrence of disease: Morbidity and Mortality, Assessing the Validity and
Reliability of diagnostic and screening tests.
Identify the roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation,
Evaluate health services by Epidemiology.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Durati
on
Teaching Method
74
1
Introduction
1 hour Lecture/ power
point
2 The dynamics of disease Transmission
“ “
3 The dynamics of disease Transmission
“ “
4 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
“ “
5 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
“ “
6 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
7 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of
diagnostic and screening tests
“ “
8 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of diagnostic
and screening tests
“ “
9 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of diagnostic
and screening tests
“ “
10 Understanding biases and confounding “ “
11 Understanding biases and confounding “ “
12 Cohort Studies “ “
13 Cohort Studies “ “
14 Case-Control Studies and other study designs “ “
15 Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies “ “
16 Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies “ “
17 Indentifying the roles of genetic and
environmental factors in disease causation
“ “
18 Indentifying the roles of genetic and
environmental factors in disease causation
“ “
75
19 Using Epidemiology to evaluate health services “ “
20 Using Epidemiology to evaluate health services “ “
21 The epidemiologic approach to evaluating
screening programs
“ “
22 Epidemiology and public policy “ “
23 Epidemiology and public policy “ “
24 Measure of association I (Relative risk/odds ratio/
standardized mortality ratios/Attributable risk)
“ “
25 Measure of association I (Relative risk/odds ratio/
standardized mortality ratios/Attributable risk)
26 Ethical and professional issues in Epidemiology “ “
27 Ethical and professional issues in Epidemiology “ “
Course Objective At the end of this course, students will be able to:
Explain and determine different biological assays.
Develop analytical method for the detection and analysis of different drugs.
Describe and perform different determination and tests (for weight/ml, water/moisture content loss on drying , identification tests, ash contents, alkalinity of glass , ointment valuation)
Know about appendices attached to B.P, B.P.C and U.S.P.
Interpret statistical calculation / method of QC chart s during manufacturing process.
Explain the concept of cGMP and GLP
Understand IQ, OQ, DQ and PQ and the principles of process validation.
Syllabus breakdown in lectures
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1-7
Development of analytical
methods for drug analysis
7 PPT slides/white
board
8-16 Methods of analysis of common
excipients/ additives in
formulations.
9 PPT slides/white
board
17-24 Biochemical analysis of drugs 8 PPT slides/white
board
25-30 Microbiological assay of
antibiotics and vitamins.
6 PPT slides/white
board
31-33 Reference and working
standard
3 PPT slides/white
board
34-37 cGMP and GLP 4 PPT slides/white
board
93
38-40 Qualification and Validation 3 PPT slides/white
board
Text and Reference Books 1). A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stennlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part-I and II. The
Alton Press, London.
2). A. M. Kneval and F. E Digangi, Jenkin’s, Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mac
Graw-Hill, Book Company, New York.
3). K. A. Connor’s, A text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis John – Wiley and Sons, New York.
4). A. Braithwaite and F. J. Smith, Chromatographic Methods, Chapman and Hall, London.
5). G. D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
6). Karami A. Javaid, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in Class, Industry and Market, Aziz
Publishers, Lahore, Pakistan (1993).
7). Gil Bismuth and Shosh Neumann, Cleaning Validation, A Practical approach, CRC, Press
LLC, USA, 2003.
8). J. T. Carstersen and C. T. Rhodes, Drug Stability: Principles and Practices, 3rd Edition
(received and expanded) Mercel Decker, New York, 2000.
9). Sydney H. Willige, Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals. Marcel Dekker
Publishing.
10). Braun RE, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, Mc Graw-Hill Book Co, NY, 1987.
List of Full Time Teaching Faculty at Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences
Department of Pharmaceutics:
1. Dr. Hafiz M. Arshad, B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD 2. Dr. Najia Raheem , B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD. 3. Dr. Tariq Ali , B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD.
94
4. Dr. Fakhsheena Anjum, B. Pharm., M.Pharm., PhD. 5. Dr. Kashif Shafique, MBBS , MPH , PhD
95
Department of Pharmacognosy: COURSE SCHEME-M.Phil
Title of Course Course Code No. of Credit Hrs.
Semester-I
Biostatistics (Core-I)
PCG 701
3
Research Methodology (Core-II)
PCG 703
3
Principles of Epidemiology (Core-III) PCG 705
3
Pharmacognostic Instrumentation Techniques
(Major I)
PCG 707
2
Science and Clinical Practice of Herbal Medicine
(Major II)
PCG 709
3
14 credit hrs.
Semester-II
Natural Products Drug Discovery (Major-III) PCG 702 3
Cosmeceuticals and Neutraceuticals (Major IV) PCG 704
3
Natural Toxicology (Major V) PCG 706
2
Biosynthesis of Natural Products (Major VI) PCG 708
2
Regulatory Affairs of Herbal Medicine
(Major VII)
PCG 710
2
96
Structure Elucidation of natural products (Major
VIII)
PCG 712
3
15 credit hrs.
Semester Title of Course Course Code No. of Credit Hrs.
Semester-3
.
Nutritional Herbology (Major IX)
PCG 711
3
Agricultural Pharmacy (Major X)
PCG 713
2
Journal Club (Core-IV) PCG 715
1
6 Credit hrs.
Semester-4
.
Research work and Submission of thesis (Core-V)
PCG 714
6
6 Credit hrs.
Total Credit hours:
Semester-1 Semester-2 Semester-3 Semester-4 Total No. of
Credit Hrs.
14 15 6 6 41
Department of Pharmacognosy:
SEMESTER-1
97
Course Title
PCG 701- BIOSTATISTICS (CORE-I)
Course Objective
This course is designed to give students experience and confidence in the design and
analysis of data within realistic biological research contexts. Students will gain basic practical
experience in collecting, displaying, summarizing, analyzing and interpreting biological data
in applied research contexts using standard statistical methods.
Syllabus breakdown in lectures (As per table given below)
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction of Data Organization
(Grouping Data)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
2 Data Organization (Graphs and Charts 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
3 Symbols and Summation Notation
Sample and Population
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
4 Measures of Central Tendency 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
5 Measures of Dispersion 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
6 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
98
7 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
8 Probability 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
9 Discrete Probability Distribution: 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
10 Discrete Probability Distribution: 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
11 Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions:
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
12 Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distributions:
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
13 Sampling Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
14 Estimating Means (Large Sample 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
15 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample Test 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
16 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample Test 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
17 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample Test 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
99
18 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
19 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
20 Two Sample Test (Independent
Population)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
21 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
22 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
23 Two Sample Test (Paired And
Proportion)
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
24 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
25 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
26 Chi-Square Distribution 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
27 Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
28 Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
100
29 Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
30 Analysis Of Variance Two Way ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
31 Analysis Of Variance Two Way ANOVA
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
32 Factorial ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
33 Factorial ANOVA 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
34 Regression, Multiple Regression
And Correlation
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
35 Regression, Multiple Regression
And Correlation
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
36 Non Parametric Statistics 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
37 Non Parametric Statistics 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
38 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
39 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
40 Presentation/test/assignments by
students
1 hour Assignments/
presentations.
101
Text and Reference Books Heath, D. An Introduction to Experimental Design and Statistics for Biology, London, UCL Press, 1995.
Campbell, S. K. Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking, Prentice-Hall, 1974.
Fisher, R. A. The Design of Experiments. Hafner, 1971.
Gonick, L. and Smith, W. The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. Harper Perennial, 1993
Moses, L. E. Think and Explain with Statistics. Addison Wesley, 1986.
Salsburg, D. S. Understanding Randomness. Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 6 Marcel Dekker, 1983.
Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. Introduction to Biostatistics, 2nd
, 3ed. Freeman, 1987.
Zar, J. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, 1984.
Course Title
PCG 703- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (CORE-II)
Course Objective
The objectives of the course are:
To provide students with the tools and skills required to understand research terminology and
assess published research; to identify the types of methods best suited for investigating
different types of problems and questions, to design a research proposal and to begin initial
preparations for embarking on a new research project.
Syllabus breakdown in lectures (As per table given below)
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1
Introduction 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
2
Research Objective
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
102
3 Selection of the area of research
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
4 Selection of the area of research
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
5 Selection of research guide/supervisor
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
6 Selection of research guide/supervisor
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
7 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
8 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
9 Selection of topic/ problem
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
10 Construction of a strong statement that
summarizes the selected topic.
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
11 Construction of a strong statement that
summarizes the selected topic.
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
12 Sources of information
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
13 Books, journals/periodicals, old 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
103
testimonials.
presentations.
14 News papers, internet; proceedings of
conferences
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
15 Seminars, workshops and training
programs; conversations
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
16 Detail of Equipments/ Fields/ Area
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
17 Type of Instruments: Models, make and
country of origin;
1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
assignments/
presentations.
18 Validation: reliability and accuracy 1 hour Explain/demonstrate/
At the end of this course students will be able to:
This course is designed to make students be acquainted with the application of various instruments useful in research projects like UV Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy for structure elucidation , so that they can be able to resolve the peaks by using these technique and can identify the known and unknown compounds of natural products. In addition, they will learn other advanced chromatographic methods like GLC, HPLC, HPTLC, Chiral Chromatography, Ion Pair Chromatography and other analytical techniques like Capillary electrophoresis, thermo gravimetric analysis, calorimetry, Immuno-electrophoresis, Immune-precipitation, ELISA, Radio-Immunoassays etc. In addition, students will be well knowledgeable with the validation of equipments and processes of herbal product manufacturing.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction, application and structure
elucidation using UV Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
2 Introduction, application and structure
elucidation using UV Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
3 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using IR Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
4 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using IR Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
5 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using NMR Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
6 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using NMR Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
109
7 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using Mass Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
8 Introduction, application and structure elucidation using Mass Spectroscopy
1 hour Lecture
9 Theory, Instrumentation, application of GLC
1 hour Lecture
10 Theory, Instrumentation, application of GLC
1 hour Lecture
11 Theory, Instrumentation, application of HPLC
1 hour Lecture
12 Theory, Instrumentation, application of
HPLC
1 hour Lecture
13 Theory, Instrumentation, application of
HPTLC
1 hour Lecture
17 Theory, Instrumentation, application of
HPTLC
1 hour lecture
18 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Chiral Chromatography
1 hour Lecture
19 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Chiral Chromatography
1 hour Lecture
20 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Ion Pair Chromatography
1 hour Lecture
21 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Ion Pair Chromatography
1 hour Lecture
22 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Capillary electrophoresis.
1 hour Lecture
110
23 Theory, Instrumentation, application of Capillary electrophoresis.
1 hour Lecture
24 Theory, instrumentation, and
application of thermo gravimetric
analysis
1 hour Lecture
25 Theory, instrumentation, and
application of thermo gravimetric
analysis
1 hour Lecture
26 Theory, instrumentation, and
application of differential thermal
analysis
1 hour Lecture
27 Theory, instrumentation, and application of differential thermal analysis
1 hour Lecture
28 Theory, instrumentation, and application of differential scanning and calorimetry
1 hour Lecture
29 Theory, instrumentation, and application of differential scanning and calorimetry
1 hour Lecture
30 Immuno-electrophoresis 1 hour Lecture
31 Immuno-electrophoresis 1 hour Lecture
32 Immune-precipitation 1 hour Lecture
33 ELISA 1 hour Lecture
34 Radio-Immunoassays 1 hour Lecture
35 Radio-Immunoassays 1 hour Lecture
36 Introduction, validation of equipments
and processes of herbal product
manufacturing etc.
1 hour Lecture
37 Introduction, validation of equipments
and processes of herbal product
1 hour lecture
111
manufacturing etc.
38 Introduction, validation of equipments
and processes of herbal product
manufacturing etc.
1 hour Lecture
39 Introduction, validation of equipments
and processes of herbal product
manufacturing etc.
1 hour Lecture
40 Introduction, validation of equipments
and processes of herbal product
manufacturing etc.
1 hour Lecture
References:
1. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, a handbook for practice on scientific basis,by Max
Wichtl, Third Edition
2. Phytopharmaceutical Technology, Paul Heinz List, Peter C. Schmidt, CRC Press INC, 1989. 3. Phytochemicals & Phytopharmaceuticals by Fereidoon shahidi and Chi_Tang Ho. The
American Oil Chemists Society, 2000. 4. Pharmacognosy and Plant cultivation by Mohammad Ali, Vol 2, CBS Publishers and
At the end of this course students will be able to:
Appraise the science and clinical practice of herbal medicine. Justify the clinical application of herbal medicines for the treatment of different diseases. Interpret the case histories of different patients. Summarize current status of integration of herbal medicine in evidenced based medical therapy. Assess Quality control and Quality assurance in processing and manufacturing of herbal
medicine. Evaluate herb-herb, herb-drug and herb-food interactions.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction to principles and Clinical
practice of Herbal medicine
1 hour lecture
2 Introduction to principles and Clinical
practice of Herbal medicine
1 hour lecture
3 Introduction to herbal clinical research 1 hour lecture
4 Introduction to herbal clinical research 1 hour lecture
5 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Digestive system diseases.
1 hour lecture
6 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Digestive system.
1 hour lecture
7 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Digestive system.
1 hour lecture
8 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Cardiovascular system.
1 hour lecture
9 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of
1 hour lecture
113
Cardiovascular system.
10 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Respiratory system.
1 hour lecture
11 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Respiratory system.
1 hour lecture
12 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Nervous system.
1 hour lecture
13 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Nervous system.
1 hour lecture
17 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Renal system.
1 hour lecture
18 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Renal system.
1 hour lecture
19 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Reproductive system.
1 hour lecture
20 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Reproductive system.
1 hour lecture
21 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Reproductive system.
1 hour lecture
22 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Musculoskeletal system.
1 hour lecture
23 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Musculoskeletal system.
1 hour lecture
24 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Skin.
1 hour lecture
114
25 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Skin.
1 hour lecture
26 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Hepatic portal system.
1 hour lecture
27 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Hepatic portal system.
1 hour lecture
28 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Immune system.
1 hour lecture
29 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Immune system.
1 hour lecture
30 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Endocrine system.
1 hour lecture
31 Treatment approaches with Case histories and drug-disease profile of Endocrine system.
1 hour lecture
32 Current status and major issues of
integration of herbal medicine in
evidence based medical therapy
1 hour lecture
33 Factors affecting integration of herbal medicine into Modern medical practices.
1 hour lecture
34 Herb Quality issues 1 hour lecture
35 Quality control and Quality assurance in
processing and manufacturing of herbal
medicine.
1 hour lecture
36 Efficacy of herbal medicine 1 hour lecture
37 Herb safety issues 1 hour lecture
38 Herb-Herb Interactions 1 hour lecture
115
39 Herb-Drug Interactions 1 hour lecture
40 Herb-Food interactions 1 hour lecture
References:
1. Medical Herbalism, Science and practice of Herbal medicine by David Hoffman.
2. Awang D. V. Quality control and good manufacturing practices: Safety and efficacy of commercial herbs. Food Drug Law J. 1997; 52:341–4.
3. Awang D. V, Fugh-Berman A. Herbal interactions with cardiovascular drugs. J Cardiovasc Nurs.2002; 16(4):64–70.
4. Barrett B. Alternative, complementary, and conventional medicine: Is integration upon us? J Altern Complement Med. 2003; 9(3):417–27.
5. Blumenthal M. Guest editorial: The rise and fall of PC-SPES: New generation of herbal supplement, adulterated product, or new drug? Integr Cancer Ther. 2002; 1(3):266–70.
6. Boyd D. B. Integrative oncology: The last ten years-a personal retrospective. Altern Ther Health Med.2007;13(1):56–64.
7. Brinker F. Managing and interpreting the complexities of botanical research. Herbal Gram. 2009; 82:42–9.
8. Bruno J. J, Ellis J. J. Herbal use among U.S. elderly: 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Ann Pharmacother. 2005; 39(4):643–8.
9. Chadwick L, Fong H. H. S. Herb quality assurance and standardization in herb-drug interaction evaluation and documentation. In: Lam Y. W. F, Huang S. M, Hall S. D, editors. Herbal Supplement-Drug Interactions. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2006. pp. 191–203.
SEMESTER II
(PCG-702) Natural Products Drug Discovery (Major III):
Course Objectives:
116
At the end of this Course students will be able to:
Recognize natural molecule used in modern medicine practice. Evaluate Challenges in drug discovery from natural products. Predict the factors that may lead to the failure of a new drug. Recognize the physiological targets for drug discovery. Understand the biochemical and molecular basis of drug action. Explain the Computational data mining, rational drug design and structure activity
relationships. Describe preclinical evaluation of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Predict the factors leading to failure of new drug.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1
Introduction to Natural Product drug
discovery.
1 hour Lecture
2 Introduction to Natural Product drug
discovery
1 hour Lecture
3 Historical background 1 hour Lecture
4 Historical background 1 hour Lecture
5 Review of all natural molecule used in
modern medicine practice with
reference to current pharmacopeia
1 hour Lecture
6 Review of all natural molecule used in
modern medicine practice with
reference to current pharmacopeia
1 hour Lecture
7 Review of all natural molecule used in
modern medicine practice with
reference to current pharmacopeia
1 hour Lecture
117
8 Natural Products for drug discovery,
serendipitous discovery and the
changing perspectives in drug discovery.
1 hour Lecture
9 Natural Products for drug discovery,
serendipitous discovery and the
changing perspectives in drug discovery.
1 hour Lecture
10 Natural Products for drug discovery,
serendipitous discovery and the
changing perspectives in drug discovery.
1 hour Lecture
11 Challenges in drug discovery from
natural products.
1 hour Lecture
12 Role of traditional medicine knowledge
in the development of new
pharmaceutical agents.
1 hour Lecture
13 Role of traditional medicine knowledge
in the development of new
pharmaceutical agents.
1 hour Lecture
14 Predicting the factors that may lead to
the failure of a new drug candidate and
maximizing the chance of success.
1 hour Lecture
15 Predicting the factors that may lead to
the failure of a new drug candidate and
maximizing the chance of success.
1 hour Lecture
16 Animal studies in drug discovery. 1 hour Lecture
17 Case studies in drug discovery. 1 hour Lecture
18 Success stories and failures. 1 hour Lecture
19 Identification and validation of
physiological targets for drug discovery.
1 hour Lecture
20 Identification and validation of
physiological targets for drug discovery.
1 hour Lecture
21 Introduction to the biochemical and 1 hour Lecture
118
molecular basis of drug action.
22 Introduction to the biochemical and
molecular basis of drug action.
1 hour Lecture
23 Introduction to the biochemical and
molecular basis of drug action.
1 hour Lecture
24 Computational data mining 1 hour Lecture
25 Computational data mining 1 hour Lecture
26 Rational drug design and structure
activity relationships
1 hour Lecture
27 Rational drug design and structure
activity relationships
1 hour Lecture
28 Rational drug design and structure
activity relationships
1 hour Lecture
29 Compound selection for drug discovery 1 hour Lecture
30 Combinatorial chemistry 1 hour Lecture
31 Natural products and product extracts
as chemical starting points.
1 hour Lecture
32 Natural products and product extracts
as chemical starting points.
1 hour Lecture
33 Identifying chemical and Biochemical
Assays.
1 hour Lecture
34 Identifying chemical and Biochemical
Assays.
1 hour Lecture
35 Methods for the preclinical evaluation
of drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion
1 hour Lecture
119
36 Methods for the preclinical evaluation
of drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion
1 hour Lecture
37 Principles of toxicology 1 hour Lecture
38 Principles of toxicology 1 hour Lecture
39 Preclinical evaluation of drug safety 1 hour Lecture
40 Preclinical evaluation of drug safety 1 hour Lecture
References:
1. Natural product chemistry for Drug discovery by Antony D. Buss and Mark S. Butler by RSC publishing, Edition; 2010.
2. Natural Products: Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Medicine, Lixin Zhang, Arnold L. Demain, Springer, 2005
3. Natural Product Chemistry for Drug Discovery, Antony D. Buss and Mark S. Butler, Springer, 2009.
4. Natural Products as a Foundation for Drug Discovery John A. Beutler, Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2009 September 1; 46: 9.11.1–9.11.21
5. Drug Discovery and Natural Products: End of an Era or an Endless Frontier by Jesse W.-H. Li and John C. Vederas.
6. The influence of natural products upon drugdiscovery by David J. Newman, Gordon M.
Cragg and Kenneth M. Snader, Nat. Prod. Rep., 2000,17, 215-234
PCG- 704 Cosmeceuticals and Nutraceuticals ((Major- IV)
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:
Summarize Herbs and herbal products for enhancing facial skin appearance, skin care. Justify Herbs and herbal products for hair growth and care. Assess an evidence-based approach to specific cosmeceutical ingredients.
Evaluate the safety of a cosmeceutical formulation. Evaluation of cosmeceutical product performance: design, implement and interpret
results of tests used to evaluate cosmeceuticals performance. Identification and characterization of bioactive components in food. Appraise comparative studies on the effectiveness of functional foods, nutraceuticals
and pharmaceuticals. Summarize neutraceutical products development. Interpret toxicological aspects of nutraceuticals or functional foods.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction to Herbs and Herbal
Products as Cosmetics
1 hour lecture
2 Herbs and herbal products for
enhancing facial skin appearance, skin
care
1 hour lecture
3 Herbs and herbal products for
enhancing facial skin appearance, skin
care
1 hour lecture
4 Herbs and herbal products for hair
growth and care
1 hour lecture
5 Herbs and herbal products for hair
growth and care
1 hour lecture
6 Miscellaneous cosmetics including
perfumes
1 hour lecture
7 Over-the-counter herbal cosmeceuticals
formulations used in dermatology
1 hour lecture
8 An evidence-based approach to specific cosmeceutical ingredients.
1 hour lecture
An evidence-based approach to specific cosmeceutical ingredients.
1 hour lecture
9 Evaluate the safety of a cosmeceutical
formulation
1 hour lecture
121
10 Regulations governing the safety of
herbal cosmeceuticals products
1 hour lecture
11 Irritant and allergen reactions
experienced by consumers due to use of
certain cosmeceuticals
1 hour lecture
12 Evaluation of safety and allergenic
profile of cosmeceutical products
1 hour lecture
13 Functions of ingredients in
cosmeceutical products
1 hour lecture
14 Evaluate the origins and functions of the
many and varied ingredients used in
cosmeceuticals
1 hour lecture
15 Evaluations of cosmeceutical product
performance: design, implement and
interpret results of tests used to
evaluate cosmeceuticals performance
1 hour lecture
16 Evaluations of cosmeceutical product
performance: design, implement and
interpret results of tests used to
evaluate cosmeceuticals performance
1 hour lecture
17 Evaluations of cosmeceutical product
performance: design, implement and
interpret results of tests used to
evaluate cosmeceuticals performance
1 hour lecture
18 Introduction to Nutraceuticals,
Antioxidants, Prebiotics, Probiotics,
Omega 3 fatty acids and dietary fibres
1 hour lecture
19 Identification and characterization of
bioactive components in food
1 hour lecture
20 Identification and characterization of
bioactive components in food
1 hour lecture
21 Scientific studies that demonstrate the
effectiveness of bioactives on
1 hour lecture
122
biomarkers or physiological functions
22 Epidemiological studies that indicate
that diets enriched in bioactive
components can prevent diseases
1 hour lecture
23 Epidemiological studies that indicate
that diets enriched in bioactive
components can prevent diseases
1 hour lecture
24 Comparative studies on the
effectiveness of functional foods,
nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals on
lowering blood cholesterol levels,
treating obesity, Alzheimer’s disease
and other diseases
1 hour lecture
25 Comparative studies on the
effectiveness of functional foods,
nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals on
lowering blood cholesterol levels,
treating obesity, Alzheimer’s disease
and other diseases
1 hour lecture
26 Prophylactic versus reactive treatment
of disease with functional foods,
nutraceuticals and drugs
1 hour lecture
27 Delivery of functional ingredients in
enriched foods – issues of formulation
1 hour lecture
28 Neutraceutical product development 1 hour lecture
29 Neutraceutical product development 1 hour lecture
30 Encapsulation or slow release of
protected components
1 hour lecture
31 Consumer acceptance and perceptions
of functional foods
1 hour lecture
32 History of functional foods and the
potential for the future.
1 hour lecture
33 History of functional foods and the
potential for the future.
1 hour lecture
123
34 Food and drug interactions in treatment
of disease
1 hour lecture
35 Food and drug interactions in treatment
of disease - mechanisms of action
1 hour lecture
36 Food and drug interactions in treatment
of disease - mechanisms of action
1 hour lecture
37 Food and drug interactions in treatment
of disease - mechanisms of action
1 hour lecture
38 Components of specific foods that
interact with medications
1 hour lecture
39 Components of specific foods that
interact with medications
1 hour lecture
40 Toxicological aspects of nutraceuticals
or functional foods.
1 hour lecture
References:
1. Natural healing with herbs by Humbart Santill, Crest publishing house 2005.
2. Handbook of Dermatological drug therapy by udhay khopkar, Elsevier publishing ltd.
2007.
3. Handbook of synthetic and herbal cosmetics by Ankar kumar , published by sudhir gupta
Delhi.
4. Cosmetics processes and formulations handbook with herbal cosmetic technology and
formula, published by Sudhir gupta Delhi.
5. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by M.Ali, CBS publisher 2008.
6. Cosmetics additives, an Industrial guide by Ernest W. Flick, Crest publishing house, 2005.
8. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and functional foods by Robert E.C. Wildman, Taylor and
Francis 2006.
9. Nutraceuiticals, a guide for health care professionals by Brian Lockwood, second edition,
Published by Pharmaceutical press.
10. Pharmacognosy by C. K. Kokate, Nirali Parakshan, 2009.
124
PCG 706 Natural Toxicology (Major V)
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:
Understand the Historical background, Scope and relationship of toxicology to other sciences. Natural Toxins introduction and types of Natural toxins Explain Endogenous toxins of plant origin. Analyze Natural contaminants. Summarize Microbial toxins. Interpret Mycotoxins and Animal toxins. Explain in detail about Marine Toxins.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction to Toxicology 1 hour Lecture
2 Historical background 1 hour Lecture
3 Scope and relationship to other sciences 1 hour Lecture
4 Introduction to Natural Toxins 1 hour Lecture
5 Types of Natural Toxins 1 hour Lecture
6 Toxic Phenolic substances (Flavonoids,
Tannins, Coumarin, safrole, and
myristicin)
1 hour Lecture
125
7 Toxic Phenolic substances (Flavonoids,
Tannins, Coumarin, safrole, and
myristicin)
1 hour Lecture
8 Cyanogenic glycosides 1 hour Lecture
9 Cyanogenic glycosides 1 hour Lecture
10 Glucosinolates 1 hour Lecture
11 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 1 hour Lecture
12 Biogenic amines 1 hour Lecture
13 Central stimulants 1 hour Lecture
14 Natural contaminants; Mixing of edible
plants with toxic plants
1 hour Lecture
15 Natural contaminants; Mixing of edible
plants with toxic plants
1 hour Lecture
16 Contamination resulting from intake of
toxic substances by animals
1 hour Lecture
17 Contamination of milk with plant toxins 1 hour Lecture
18 Natural toxins in aquatic organisms 1 hour Lecture
1. Culliney TW, D. Pementel, Pesticides and natural toxins in food, Agri. Ecosys. Environ. 41, 297-320, 1992
2. Davidek J, Natural toxic compounds of Food, CRC Press, Inc, 1995 3. Doyle MP, Foodborne bacterial pathogen New York, Marcel dekker, Inc, 1989 4. Hu.Y.H, JR Gorham, Foodborne disease handbook vol 1, Disease caused by bacteria, New
York, Marcel dekker, Inc. 1994 5. Keeler R.F, A.T. Tu, Plant and Fungal toxins, Vol 1, Handbook of natural toxins, New York,
Marcel dekker. Inc. 1983. 6. Sarhma R.P. Mycotoxins and Phytoalezins, CRC Press, 1991 7. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and
Venomous Animals by Donald G. Barceloux, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
127
8. Tu A.T. Marine toxins and venoms, Vol 3, Handbook of natural toxins, New York, Marcel dekker, Inc. 1998.
1. Structure elucidation of natural products by mass spectrometry, Volume II: Steroids,
Terpenoids, Sugars, and Miscellaneous Classes, Herbert & Carl Djerassi, Dudley H.
Williams Budzikiewicz.
2. Principles of Instrumental analysis, Douglas A, skoog, 5th edition, Saunders college publishing,
Philadelphia 1998.
3. Mass-spectrophotometry-Instrumentation, Interpretation and applications, Roy ekman, Jerzy
silberring, New Jersy 2009.
4. Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry: A Practical Guide, Third revised edition, 2003.
SEMESTER 3
PCG 711 Nutritional Herbology (Major- IX)
Course Objectives:
At the end of this Course students will be able to:
141
Understand Nutritional herbology and its significance. Describe history of herbs usage as foods and medicine. Analyze regional and cultural influences on the evolution of herbology. Classify herbs and nutritional constituents. Construct Nutritional profile for commonly used herbs and natural foods. Investigate most popular herbal combinations and formulas, Effects on body systems, Patents
and laws pertaining to herbs and natural healing. Describe Methods of Analysis and biological significance of nutrients in food products and herbs.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Introduction to nutritional herbology 1 hour Lecture
2 Introduction to nutritional herbology 1 hour Lecture
3 Significance and scope of Nutrition
herbology
1 hour Lecture
4 History of usage of herbs as foods and
medicine
1 hour Lecture
5 History of usage of herbs as foods and
medicine
1 hour Lecture
6 Regional and cultural influences on the
evolution of herbology.
1 hour Lecture
7 Regional and cultural influences on the
evolution of herbology.
1 hour Lecture
8 Regional and cultural influences on the
evolution of herbology.
1 hour Lecture
9 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
10 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
142
11 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
12 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
13 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
14 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
15 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
16 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
17 Classification of herbs and nutritional
constituents
1 hour Lecture
18 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
19 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
20 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
21 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
22 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
23 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
143
24 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
25 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
26 Nutritional profile for commonly used
herbs and natural foods.
1 hour Lecture
27 Most popular herbal combinations and
formulas
1 hour Lecture
28 Most popular herbal combinations and
formulas
1 hour Lecture
29 Most popular herbal combinations and
formulas
1 hour Lecture
30 Effects on body systems 1 hour Lecture
31 Effects on body systems 1 hour Lecture
32 Patents and laws pertaining to herbs
and natural healing
1 hour Lecture
33 Patents and laws pertaining to herbs
and natural healing
1 hour Lecture
34 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
35 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
144
36 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
37 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
38 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
39 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
40 Methods of Analysis and biological
significance of nutrients in food
products and herbs.
1 hour Lecture
References:
1. Nutritional Herbology: A Reference Guide to Herbs by Mark Pedersen, Morningstar
Publications, 1994.
2. The Green Pharmacy Herbal Handbook: Your Everyday Reference to the Best Herbs for
Healing by James A. Duke, Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, 1997.
3. Pharmacognosy by Varro-e-Tyler, 10th edition, 2009.
5. The Natural pharmacy by Skye Lininger D.C., Jonathan Wright, Prima Health, 1998.
6. Reader’s Digest natures medicines, A guide to herbal medicine published by Reader’s digest.
7. Natural healing with herbs by Humbart Santill, Crest publishing house 2005.
PCG- 713 Agricultural Pharmacy (Major -X)
145
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:
To summarize plant evolution, taxonomy, morphology and distribution. Explain plants cultivation. Value Chemical and Pharmacological status, Drying, Storage, Processing, Economics
and Utilization of different species of plants in agriculture.
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Duration Teaching Method
1 Plant Evolution 1 hour Lecture
2 Plant Taxonomy 1 hour Lecture
3 Plant Morphology 1 hour Lecture
4 Plant Morphology 1 hour Lecture
5 Plant Distribution 1 hour Lecture
6 Plant species 1 hour Lecture
7 Mode of propagation of plants 1 hour Lecture
8 Mode of propagation of plants 1 hour Lecture
9 Plant cultivation 1 hour Lecture
10 Plant cultivation 1 hour Lecture
11 Land preparation for small scale
cultivation
1 hour Lecture
12 Land preparation of large scale
cultivation
1 hour Lecture
13 Soil and climatic factors in plants
cultivation
1 hour Lecture
14 Soil and climatic factors in plants 1 hour Lecture
Semester-1 Semester-2 Semester-3 Semester-4 Total No. of
Credit Hrs.
14 15 6 6 41
Department of Pharmacology:
152
SEMESTER-1
PCL 701: BIOSTATISTICS: (CORE-I)
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to: 1. Define Data Organization (Grouping Data), (Graphs and Charts). 2. Describe Symbols and Summation Notation Sample and Population 3. Explain Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Probability, Discrete
Probability Distribution, Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions, Sampling Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, One Sample Test, Two Sample Test (Independent Population)
4. Two Sample Test (Paired And Proportion),Chi-Square Distribution
5. Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA, Two Way ANOVA
6. Regression, Multiple Regression And Correlation,Non Parametric Statistics
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Durati
on
Teaching Method
1
Introduction of Data Organization (Grouping
Data): Introduction, Biostatistics, Two Kind of
Statistics, Variable Types,
1 hr Lecture/ power
point
2
Frequency Distribution,Cumulative Frequency
Distribution, Frequency Distribution of
Continuous,
“ “
3 Relative Frequency Distribution, Stem and Leaf
Table
“ “
4
Data Organization (Graphs and Charts): Graphic
Presentation, Graphic Presentation for
Categorical Data,
“ “
5 Graphic Presentation for Quantitative Data
(Measurement),
“ “
153
6 Frequency Polygon, Pictograms, Distortion the
truth with Pictures
“ “
7 Symbols and Summation Notation Sample and
Population: Symbols, Summation, Population and
Sample, Random Sampling
“ “
9 Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random
Sampling,
“ “
10 Systematic Sampling, Cluster Sampling,
Parameter and Statistic
“ “
11 Measures of Central Tendency: Types of
Summary Measures, Measures of Central
Tendency,
“ “
12 The Mean (Arithmetic Mean), The weighted
Mean, The Median, The Mode,
“ “
13 Measures of Central Tendency for Grouped Data,
The Mean, Median and mode for the Grouped
Data
“ “
14 Measures of Dispersion: Introduction, The
Range, The Mean Deviation, The Variance,
“ “
15 Standard Deviation, The Coefficient of Variation,
Measures of Dispersion for Grouped Data
“ “
16 Probability : Introduction ,Some Definitions,
Classical Probability,
“ “
17 Relative Frequency Probability, Notation and
Graphical Presentation of Events
“ “
18 Discrete Probability Distribution: Discrete
Random Variable,
“ “
19 Probability Distribution of Discrete Random
Variable.
“ “
20 Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions:
Bernoulli Trials, Binomial Distribution,
“ “
154
21 Poisson Distribution, Normal Distribution,
Standard Normal Distribution
“ “
22 Sampling Distribution: Introduction, Population
of Samples Means,
“ “
23 Properties of populations of Sample Means,
Properties of Distribution of Sample Means,
Central Limit Theorem
“ “
24 Estimating Means (Large Sample): Estimating
Mean, Confidence Interval Estimate, Confidence
Interval for the Population Mean μ
“ “
25 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating
Means, Confidence Interval for Population Mean
(Small Samples), Confidence Interval for
Population Mean μ
“ “
26 Small Interval, σ Known, T Distribution,
Confidence Interval for μ, Small Sample, σ
Unknown,
“ “
27 Confidence Interval for Population Proportion
(Large Sample), The Sampling Distribution of a
proportion,
“ “
28 Determining the sample Size for Estimating
Proportion
“
29 Hypothesis Testing: Introduction, Some
Definition, Hypothesis Testing Procedure,
Hypothesis Testing for a Population Mean (Large
Samples)
“ “
30 One Sample Test
Two Sample Test (Independent Population)
“ “
31 Two Sample Test (Paired And Proportion)
Chi-Square Distribution
“ “
32 Analysis Of Variance One Way ANOVA, Two Way
ANOVA
“ “
155
33 Non Parametric Statistics Sign Test, Wilcoxon
Signed Rank Test, Mann Whitney Test
The Kruskal Wallis H Test
“ “
156
PCL 703: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (CORE-II)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to:
1. Define Concept of Research, Foundation of Hypothesis, 2. Criteria of Good, Research Literature Review. 3. Explain Design of Experiment, 4. Selection and preparation of tools for data collection, Practicalities of data collection. 5. Demonstrate Presentation skills & Writing skills
Lecture
No
Title of Lecture Durati
on
Teaching Method
1
Concept of Research and its Approaches/
Scientific approaches/ Research Terminologies.
1 hour Lecture/ power
point
2 Foundation of Hypothesis / How to do Research
Project/ Research on human Specimens.
“ “
3 Criteria of Good Research / Research and Quality
Assurance.
“ “
4 Criteria of Good Research / Research and
Quality Assurance.
“ “
5 Literature Review I: Efficient Use of Computers
and Internet : Search engines, digital libraries, E-
databases, archives
“ “
6 Literature Review I: Efficient Use of Computers
and Internet : Search engines, digital libraries, E-
databases, archives
“ “
7 Literature Review II: Selection of research
problem; Research Journals, Professional
Societies, Conferences, Scientific meetings,
Workshops
“ “
8 Design of Experiment: Scientific Study/Research “ “
157
Design.
9 Design of Experiment: Scientific
Study/Research Design.
“ “
10 Variables and its types. “ “
11 Variables and its types “ “
12 Selection and preparation of tools for data
collection, Practicalities of data collection
“ “
13 Selection and preparation of tools for data
collection, Practicalities of data collection
“ “
14 Sampling & Techniques “ “
15 Sampling & Techniques “ “
16 Processing and data analysis (statistical
approaches).
“ “
17 Processing and data analysis (statistical
approaches).
“ “
18 Analysis and interpreting of findings “ “
19 Analysis and interpreting of findings
20 Research Misconduct: Fraudulent research,
Plagiarism, retraction and cleansing, legal
burden.
Research Ethics/Informed Consent:
Confidentiality, deception, de-hoaxing and
desensitization
“ “
21 Scientific Integrity: Precision, reporting,
credits, authorship, mentoring Critical.
“ “
22 Evaluation of Research: Accuracy, precision,
reproducibility (stability and objectivity),
reliability,
“ “
23 quality, originality, bias and distortion, non-
deliberate bias, sampling bias.
“ “
24 Communication of Science: Communication
& Presentation skills: Oral: Technical
Presentation, Keynote address, invited
lectures, popular lecture
“ “
26 Communication of Science: Communication
& Presentation skills: Oral: Technical
“ “
158
Presentation, Keynote address, invited
lectures, popular lecture
27 Writing skills: Language, diction, and
contemporary style, data presentation and
documentation/ Thesis writing /
“ “
28 Guidelines for synopsis/ thesis writing) How
to present articles in „journal Club‟.
“ “
29 Publication: Paper, audience and journal,
basic structure of research paper, full-length
paper, short communications & notes,
“ “
30 case report, review and case series analysis,
editorial, book review, letter to editor;
refereeing process Editor‟s role and impact
factor.
31 Research Organizations: International &
national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan,
Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing
Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
“ “
32 Research Organizations: International &
national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan,
Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing
Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
33 Research Organizations: International &
national: of USA, UK, Germany and Japan,
Pakistan (PSF/ HEC/PMRC); Writing
Research Proposal / Grant agencies.
“ “
34 Research Proposal: components, research
economics, budgeting relevance to
significance of research objectives
“ “
PCL 705: PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (Core-III)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to:
Define Epidemiology, disease Transmission.
Explain Measuring the occurrence of disease: Morbidity and Mortality, Assessing the Validity and
Reliability of diagnostic and screening tests.
Identify the roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation,
Evaluate health services by Epidemiology.
Lecture Title of Lecture Durati Teaching Method
159
No on
1
Introduction
1 hour Lecture/ power
point
2 The dynamics of disease Transmission
“ “
3 The dynamics of disease Transmission
“ “
4 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
“ “
5 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
“ “
6 Measuring the occurrence of disease:
Morbidity and Mortality
7 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of
diagnostic and screening tests
“ “
8 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of diagnostic
and screening tests
“ “
9 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of diagnostic
and screening tests
“ “
10 Understanding biases and confounding “ “
11 Understanding biases and confounding “ “
12 Cohort Studies “ “
13 Cohort Studies “ “
14 Case-Control Studies and other study designs “ “
15 Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies “ “
16 Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies “ “
17 Indentifying the roles of genetic and
environmental factors in disease causation
“ “
18 Indentifying the roles of genetic and
environmental factors in disease causation
“ “
160
19 Using Epidemiology to evaluate health services “ “
20 Using Epidemiology to evaluate health services “ “
21 The epidemiologic approach to evaluating
screening programs
“ “
22 Epidemiology and public policy “ “
23 Epidemiology and public policy “ “
24 Measure of association I (Relative risk/odds ratio/
standardized mortality ratios/Attributable risk)
“ “
25 Measure of association I (Relative risk/odds ratio/
standardized mortality ratios/Attributable risk)
26 Ethical and professional issues in Epidemiology “ “
27 Ethical and professional issues in Epidemiology “ “
28 Investigation of disease outbreak “ “
29 Investigation of disease outbreak “ “
30 Causal inference “ “
31 Causal inference “ “
PCL 707 Pharmacological Research Techniques (Major-I)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lecture, the student will be able to:
Explain basic principles, instrumentation & application of Patch clamp, Southern
Know and understand the Challenges posed by non-prescribed agents, e.g. herbal
preparation use
Know and explain regarding ADR reporting
Discuss about the National and International Regulations covering WHO, CIOMS, ICH,
etc
Sr.No Topic Duration Teaching
Method 1) Introduction 2 hour Lecture/
power point 2) Introduction “ “ 3) ADR‟s Introduction “ “ 4) Classification Of ADR‟s “ “ 5) Population At Risk Of ADR‟S “ “ 6) ADR‟sreporting & Monitory “ “ 7) ADR‟sreporting & Monitory “ “ 8) Clinical Trical & Its Limitation For Phase
1‟2‟3 “ “
9) Clinical Trical & Its Limitation For Phase
1‟2‟3 “ “
10) Challenges For Pharmacist Posed By Non-
Prescribed Agent E.G : Herbal Preparation “ “
11) Challenges For Pharmacist Posed By Non-
Prescribed Agent E.G : Herbal Preparation “ “
12) Introduction To National & International
Regulation “ “
13) Introduction To National & International
Regulation “ “
14) Introduction To National & International
Regulation “ “
List of Full Time Teaching Faculty at Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences
Department of Pharmacy Practice:
6. Prof. Dr. Sumbul Shamim. B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD 7. Dr. Hafiz M. Arshad, B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD 8. Dr. Najia Raheem , B. Pharm., M.Phil., PhD. 9. Dr. Fakhsheena Anjum, B. Pharm., M.Pharm., PhD. 10. Dr. Kashif Shafique, MBBS , MPH , PhD