Dossier 2 – New France

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Dossier 2 New FranceChapter 3Currents of Thought & Cultural Expression

Mr. Thompson History 404

Reminder1605-1763Early culture in New France?New France = The Mother Country

The culture of Les CanadiensA result of the Fur Trade with the Natives

What was the biggest cultural influence during those early times?The Catholic Church.The Bishop was even a part of the politics.Once New France was established, its culture was basically an exact replica of its Mother Country but this would invariably change over time.

Eventually the culture of Les Canadiens would emerge through contact with the Amerindians and the explosion of the Fur Trade.

The Catholic Church was probably the biggest cultural influence during those times, controlling education, hospitals, missions, parishes and of course Religious Services.

The Bishop was even a part of the politics!

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The Seigneurial System5

The Church and SocietyThe Church and SocietyDuring the 17th century: what was the political structure of France?Monarchy = the divine right to rule

Thus, the King and the Church were seen as one entity.The Church promoted the King and in returnThe King used the Church for help withEducation, politics, taxes, hospitals, maintaining order, etc.In the 17th century, the political structure of France was a Monarchy granted by divine will.(What does that even mean???)

Thus, the King and the Church were seen as one entity the Church promoted the rule of the King and the King gave the Church authority over education (i.e.: it was a pretty good deal!)

The Bishops tended to be French while the parish priests were mostly Canadian.

As a result Catholic practice was imposed on the residents fasting, holidays, daily prayers and of course confession!

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God made me do it

The Church and SocietyThe Catholic organization:PopeCardinalsArch-BishopsBishopsPriests

The Bishops tended to be from while the parish priests were mostly...

So what was life like for the residents of New France?In the 17th century, the political structure of France was a Monarchy granted by divine will.(What does that even mean???)

Thus, the King and the Church were seen as one entity the Church promoted the rule of the King and the King gave the Church authority over education (i.e.: it was a pretty good deal!)

The Bishops tended to be French while the parish priests were mostly Canadian.

As a result Catholic practice was imposed on the residents fasting, holidays, daily prayers and of course confession!

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Francois of LavalThe Church and PoliticsIn 1659 - Francois of Laval was appointed by the Pope as the first Bishop of New France.

Why was Lavals appointment a big deal?

What did the Pope want him to do?Convert the Amerindians, Controlling the Eau de Vie and your basic debauchery caused by the Fur Trade.In 1659 - Francois of Laval was appointed by the Pope as the first Bishop of New France.

His main focus was the Amerindians, controlling the Eau de Vie from the Fur Trade.

His authority was undermined by the Gallicianism movement but he did succeed in taxing the alcohol trade.

However, he did create several parishes and the Grand Sminaire de Quebec for training new clergy.

13The Church and PoliticsUltramontanismDuring the 17th Century in FranceUsed when defending the Popes influence over political decisions in France (and Europe).Demanded religious supremacy over civil society.

In 1659 - Francois of Laval was appointed by the Pope as the first Bishop of New France.

His main focus was the Amerindians, controlling the Eau de Vie from the Fur Trade.

His authority was undermined by the Gallicianism movement but he did succeed in taxing the alcohol trade.

However, he did create several parishes and the Grand Sminaire de Quebec for training new clergy.

14The Church and PoliticsGallicianismCreated in response to French UltramontanismThe Gallicians believed that the Pope was importantBUT he should not have authority over local decisions.These decisions were probably better handled by local religious authorities.I.E.: the Bishop of FranceIn 1659 - Francois of Laval was appointed by the Pope as the first Bishop of New France.

His main focus was the Amerindians, controlling the Eau de Vie from the Fur Trade.

His authority was undermined by the Gallicianism (submission of the Church of France to the king, not the Pope) movement but he did succeed in taxing the alcohol trade.

However, he did create several parishes and the Grand Sminaire de Quebec for training new clergy.

15The Church and Politics During Lavals time in New France:

Lavals authority was undermined by the Ultramontanist movementBUT he did succeed in taxing the alcohol trade.AND he did create several new parishesAND the Grand Sminaire de Quebec for training new clergy.In 1659 - Francois of Laval was appointed by the Pope as the first Bishop of New France.

His main focus was the Amerindians, controlling the Eau de Vie from the Fur Trade.

His authority was undermined by the Gallicianism movement but he did succeed in taxing the alcohol trade.

However, he did create several parishes and the Grand Sminaire de Quebec for training new clergy.

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Le Grand SeminaireThe Church and EducationChurch and EducationIn New France, were there teachers?Most of the teaching was done by priests, monks, nuns, etc.Why? Because they were the only ones who were really educated and willing to give up their time.

Professions Taught by master craftsmen,

Schools were only available in.Major cities: Quebec & Ville-Marie

Education was specifically provided by the Religious community.

Professions were not taught in school but by master craftsmen, and school was only available in places like Ville-Marie and Quebec.

If you lived in the countryside No school for you!

However some rural parishes would be visited by traveling teachers or the local parish priest would hold classes a few times a week.

But the main goal of these classes was to get kids to join the Seminary.19Church and EducationOutside of the cities?Small rural parishesVisited by traveling teachers Or the local parish priest would hold classes Once or twice a week.

What was the main goal of these classes?Education was specifically provided by the Religious community.

Professions were not taught in school but by master craftsmen, and school was only available in places like Ville-Marie and Quebec.

If you lived in the countryside No school for you!

However some rural parishes would be visited by traveling teachers or the local parish priest would hold classes a few times a week.

But the main goal of these classes was to get kids to join the Seminary.20Church and EducationNew Frances citizens: Most made it to Grade 2Soyou could write your nameAnd you knew enough to get by in church.

Conclusion?The majority of the population was illiterate, Only the elite, the clergy and some artisans knew how to read and write.

Most inhabitants of New France only made it to about Grade 2.

The majority of the population was illiterate, only the elite and some artisans knew hw to read and write.

If you wanted to pursue further education, you either had to join the Seminary or go to France.

As a result no real Canadian literature was produced, and most artistic productions came from France.

21Church and EducationFurther education: The SeminaryFrance

The Result?There is no real Canadian literature produced during this time. Most artistic productions simply reflect the trends in France.

Most inhabitants of New France only made it to about Grade 2.

The majority of the population was illiterate, only the elite and some artisans knew hw to read and write.

If you wanted to pursue further education, you either had to join the Seminary or go to France.

As a result no real Canadian literature was produced, and most artistic productions came from France.

22Canadian Culture?Truly Canadian CultureSettling in Canada Climate geographySociety - the Amerindian influence.

What did the Europeans adopt?growing local vegetables (squash, corn and beans)Amerindian means of traveling (canoes and snowshoes).

Family values?The French vs. The AmerindiansAs New France and its inhabitants started to settle in to the Canadian climate and its geography, society began to adapt especially through the Amerindian influence.

Canadians adopted growing local vegetables (squash, corn and beans) as well as Amerindian means of traveling (canoes and snowshoes).

Even family values started to mirror those of the Amerindians, with particular attention to how children were treated.

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Truly Canadian CultureIndependence became the norm

European Politicians of the colony

The Divine Right of the King

Governors started to see themselves like good fathers or the head of a large family.Independence became the norm, and the politicians of the colony started to adapt to this change in culture as well.

Instead of imposing their divine right of the King over the population, governors started to see themselves like good fathers or the head of a large family.

26Truly Canadian Cultureindustrioushandy with an axe; they make their own tools and utensils; build their own houses and barnsThey love to hunt, navigate, travel and are more refined then their counterparts in France. -

Popular CultureBecause everyone was illiterate, how was culture transmitted?Storytelling.social gatherings and celebrations.

The most popular pass times were: playing cards, listening to stories, dancing (even though it was prohibited by the church) the fiddle!Because everyone was illiterate, traditions were passed on orally thus, most of the cultural remains from this period come to us in the form of songs.Storytelling, another Amerindian adaptation, was also very popular.Culture was passed on at social gatherings and celebrations.The most popular pass times were: playing cards, listening to stories, dancing (even though it was prohibited by the church) and the fiddle!

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http://www.myspace.com/labottinesourianteActivity #2 French Canadian TraditionsChoose one French Canadian tradition from the French Regime (1605-1763) that interests you and do some research on itTell me where and when it originated,What it was used for and how it helped support or express French Canadian culture.Is it still being practiced today?DO NOT FORGET TO LIST YOUR SOURCES!Thank-You, eh?