Domiciline katakombe

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Domiciline katakombe

Jurica Triplat29.04.2014

Sveuilite u Zagrebu

Filozofski fakultet

Odsjek za arheologiju

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Openito

Uz cestu Via Ardeatina

Prva istraivanja 1873. god. - G. B. de Rossi

Poetak koritenja ovog prostora kao katakombi: 2. st ili kraj 3. st ?

Flavia Domitilla, nedakinja cara Domicijana (81-96 g.) i eni konzulaFlavija Klemensa (Flavius Clemens)

Godine 95. n. Kr. Flavije Klemens umire tijekom Domicijanovihprogona, dok je Domicila bila prognana

Cassius Dio, Historiae Romanae (LXVII 14)

http://www.catacombsociety.org/mapframes.html

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Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques. Les premiers

chrtiens Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 25, fig. 47

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Hipogej Flavijevaca

kroz 2. st. Flavijevci u svrhu vlastitih ukopa daju konstruiraju

niz povezanih poganskihhipogeja koje u 4. st. (terminus ante

quem) nanovo koriste krdani te ih povezuju s katakombama

koje tek tad dobivaju naziv Dimiciline

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http://www.domitilla.info/idx.htm?var1=doc

s/gallery2.htm

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http://www.domitilla.i

nfo/idx.htm?var1=docs

/gallery2.htm

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Bazilika

poetkom 4.st. relikvije muenika Nereja i Ahileja opremljene

su u kriptu (kubikul) koju de papa Damas (366-384) ubrzo

prenamjeniti u manju kamenu baziliku koju oatno proiruje

papa Siricije (384-399)

Trobrodna bazilika s dva reda stupova

U manjem kubikulu neposredno iza apside ove bazilike nalazi

se tzv. arkosolij Sv. Venerande i Petronile

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Nereus et Achilleus, martyres.

Militiae nomen dederant saevumque gerebant

officium pariter spectantes iussa tyranni

praeceptis pulsante metu servire parati.

Mira fides rerum: subito posuere furorem

conversi fugiunt. Ducis inpia castra relinquunt,

proiciunt clipeos faleras telaque cruenta

confessi gaudent Christi portare triumfos.

Credite per Damasum possit quid gloria Christi

Nereus and Achilleus, martyrs.

They had given their name for

the military and

carried out their bloody term

of service, heeding the orders

of the tyrant, ready to

follow his orders with driven

dread. The fulfillment of the

thing is marvelous:

suddenly they place aside

their battle-rage, they turn

and flee. They leave the

impious camp of their dux,

they hurl off their shields,

their kit, their cruel weapons,

having confessed they are

glad to carry the trophies of

Christ. Believe through

Damasus what the glory of

Christ can do.

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Epitaf je nastao u vrijeme gradnje bazilike te je postavljen kaoio grobova muenika Nereja i Ahileja

Bitnije od napisanog teksta jest spomenik sam po sebi, a

paralele ovakvom tipu izraavanja prepoznajemo i danas

Primjer toga bili bi spomenici podignuti ukomemoraciju ratnim stradanjima

1. Osim funkcije isticanja imena pojedinaca

2. Funkcija reminisciranja na prolost mnogo rugaiju osaanjosti u cilju oravanja kolektivnog sjedanja, ali iidealiziranja prolosti

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Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques. Les premiers

chrtiens Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 25, fig. 47

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http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2009/S

CHEIBLAUER-2009-IDCE/SCHEIBLAUER-2009- IDCE-Paper.pdf

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Freske

1. Orfej / Krist kao Orfej

2. Dobri pastir

3. Venerandin akrosolij

4. Krist kao uitelj / filozof

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1. Orfej / Krist kao Orfej

Margaret Jensen, Understanding Early Christian Art,

RoutledgeLodon and New York, 2000, str. 41 sl. 8

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2. Dobri pastir

Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art.Yale

University Press, 2008, str. 189 sl. 20

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3. Venerandin akrosolij

http://www.domitilla.info/idx.htm?var1=doc

s/gallery2.htm

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Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art.Yale

University Press, 2008, str. 57 sl. 44

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http:

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mitill

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ar1=

docs/

galler

y2.htm

4. Krist kao uitelj / filozof

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Jeffrey Spiers, Picturing the Bible.

The Earliest Christian art.Yale

University Press, 2008, str. 183 sl. 11

Mancinelli Fabrizio, Catacombes et

basiliques. Les premiers chrtiens

Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981, str. 26 sl. 50

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Popis literature JENSEN Margaret, Understanding Early Christian Art, RoutledgeLodon and

New York, 2000.

JENSEN Margaret,Face to face. Portraits of the Divine in Early Christianity,

Fortress Press - Minneapolis, 2005.

LITTLECHILDS Rebecca Leigh, The epitaphs of Damasus and the transferable

value of persecution for the Christian community at Rome in the fourth-century

AD, B.A., University of Saskatchewan, 2008.

MANCINELLI Fabrizio, Catacombes et basiliques.Les premiers chrtiens

Rome, Firenze: Scala, 1981.

MARUCCHI Orazzo,Manuale di archeologia cristiana. Roma: Descle & c.

editori pontifici, 1933.

MILBURN Robert,Early Christian Art and Architecture, University of

California Press

Berkely and Los Angeles, 1988. SPIERS Jeffrey,Picturing the Bible. The Earliest Christian art.Yale University

Press, 2008.

STEVENSON Jeffrey, The Catacombs, Rediscovered monuments of early

Christianity, Thames and Hudson Ltd, London 1978.

WEBB Matilda, The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: A

Comprehensive Guide Sussex Academic Press Brighton 2001