DOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICYmisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/... · • 2) physical presence in the US for at least half of the past 5 years • 3) at least 18 years of

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DOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICY

WARMUP

• What does “nonproliferation” mean?

• To prevent an increase or spread of something,

especially nuclear weapons

AGENDA

• Unit 6 Vocab Quiz • PowerPoint with notes • Test = December 8th – 9th • PAC Projects DUE December 14th (C-Day)

DOMESTIC POLICY

• Domestic policy = administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activities within a nation’s borders

DOMESTIC POLICY

• Domestic policy includes: • Agriculture, commerce, drugs (legal and

illegal), the economy/money, education, energy, the environment, food, health, housing, immigration, language, the military, science, and society/culture

• It affects how every person lives in their country every day

DOMESTIC POLICY

• The concept of domestic policy has existed since before nations were created • Monarchs and emperors ruled over their

lands and decided what they wanted for their people

• Domestic policy is shaped by societal changes, which are reflected into law

DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL POLICY

• Business and Labor • Agriculture, the Environment, and Energy • Income Security and Health Care • Education, Housing, and Transportation • Citizenship and Immigration

BUSINESS AND LABOR

THE ECONOMY

• One of the government’s most important responsibilities is to manage the nation’s economy

• Mixed economy = a combination of capitalist and socialist business practices where the government regulates private businesses • Capitalist economic freedom and socialist government

regulation

FREE TRADE

• The US supports businesses by promoting free trade • Free trade = the sale of products between countries

without tariffs (import taxes) and with no limit on the amount of goods that can be imported

• NAFTA = the North American Free Trade Agreement • Signed by the US, Canada, and Mexico in 1992 • Designed to gradually eliminate trade restrictions between

those three countries

BUSINESS

• Monopoly = • Trust =

a board of trustees and they operate as one giant enterprise.

LABOR

• Union = an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests

• The first successful national labor organization was the American Federation of Labor (founded in 1880s)

• New Deal = FDR’s legislation strengthened labor unions and protected their right to bargain and to strike

LABOR

• Closed shop = only members of a union can be hired

• Right-to-work laws = state labor laws that requires all workplaces to hire workers without forcing them to join a union • Businesses don’t have to hire only union workers

• President Ronald Reagan was one of the most anti-labor union presidents in history

• Impact = labor unions weakened as membership declined, tens of thousands of people were laid off, corporations demanded lower wages, and blue-collar jobs decreased from 36% to 25%

AGRICULTURE, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND

ENERGY

FARMERS

• By 2007, less than 10% of the US’s farms produce more than 60% of agricultural products • Machinery • Fertilizers • Pesticides • GMOs

• Farm policies are developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

• Functions = help farmers market their produce, stabilize farm prices, conserve land, and promote agricultural science research

FARMERS

• Subsidy = a sum of money to assist an industry/ business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

• Price supports = the program under which Congress buys farmers’ crops if the market price falls below the support price

THE ENVIRONMENT

• The federal government began passing environmental legislation in the 1970s due to concerns about rising energy costs

• Environmental Protection Agency = EPA, created under Richard Nixon, enforces regulations to protect our environment

ENERGY POLICY

• The U.S’s energy policy deals with issues on how energy is produced, distributed, and used by the people

• Since the 1970s, the U.S’s main focus has been how to secure a continuous supply of oil • Arab Oil Embargo (winter 1973-1974): Arab countries cut off

oil to the US because the US supported Israel during the Arab-Israeli War

ENERGY POLICY

• Two new goals: increase oil production and protect the environment

• Offshore drilling • Fracking

THE ENVIRONMENT

• Renewable energy = energy that is collected from resources that naturally replenish on a human timescale • Wind • Sunlight • Tides/waves • Rain • Geothermal

(volcanic activity)

THE ENVIRONMENT

• Is this renewable energy?

NO!

INCOME SECURITY AND HEALTH CARE

INCOME SECURITY

• The federal government did not help people find food, health care, housing, etc. well into the 1900s

• The Great Depression changed that • President Roosevelt created Social Security in 1935 • Income security programs = help protect people

against their loss of income due to retirement, disability, and unemployment

INCOME SECURITY

• Social Security = a government system that provides financial assistance to people with an inadequate or no income

• Unemployment insurance = a small source of income for workers who have lost their jobs (laid off) • If they quit or are self-employed, they do not receive

unemployment insurance • Welfare = a government program which provides

financial aid to individuals or groups who cannot support themselves • Welfare programs are funded by taxpayers

SOCIAL WELFARE

• Food stamps = a voucher issued by the government to those on low income, exchangeable for food

• Medicare = the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)

EDUCATION, HOUSING, AND TRANSPORTATION

PUBLIC EDUCATION

• The first modern public school system was established in Indiana in 1816

• States have more authority over public education than the federal government

EDUCATION

• Education policy covers preschool – 12th grade, college/university, graduate school, professional education, adult education and job training

• In the past 30 years, states and the federal governments have been increasing their role in shaping education

• No Child Left Behind = President George W. Bush signed this act into law in 2002 • Massively increased the federal government’s role in

education • States did not have to comply, but if they didn’t, they would

lose federal funding • Repealed by Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015, which

reduced the federal government’s role in education

HOUSING

• The federal government has developed several programs to promote building and purchasing houses

• Administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development

• Public housing = housing provided for people with low incomes, subsidized by public funds

TRANSPORTATION

• The national government contributes to the development and maintenance of channels, locks, dams, canals, ports, highways, railroads, and airports

• The Department of Transportation coordinates national transportation policies and programs

• Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 = states receive billions of dollars a year to build and improve the interstates

• The federal government helps cities build mass-transit systems

THE MILITARY

• Nonproliferation = To prevent an increase or spread of something, especially nuclear weapons or nuclear energy

• Conscription = also called “the draft”, the forced assignment of people to join the military to fight, especially during a crisis

CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION

CITIZENSHIP

• Citizen = a member of a political society • Citizenship = the expected qualities that a person

should have as a member of a community • People born in the US are citizens regardless of the

citizenship status of their parents (14th Amendment) • A child born outside of the US to parents who are US

citizens is also automatically a US citizen

NATURALIZATION

• Naturalization = a legal process by which applications who meet certain qualifications may be granted citizenship.

• Requirements = • 1) legal residency in the US for at least 5 years • 2) physical presence in the US for at least half of the past 5

years • 3) at least 18 years of age • 4) have a good moral character (jail = bad) • 5) the ability to speak, read, and write in English • 6) pass a citizenship test about U.S. history and the

government • 7) swearing allegiance to the U.S. Constitution and loyalty to

the US

NATURALIZATION

• Congress has sole power over naturalization (states cannot give citizenship or take it away)

• Quotas = numerical limits on how many people are allowed to immigrate from each country

IMMIGRATION

• The Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986) tried to limit the amount of illegal immigration by requiring employers to verify that potential employees were qualified to work in the US

• Amnesty = the act also allowed for amnesty, a presidential order that pardons a group of people who have committed an offense against the government

• After 9/11, immigration policies dramatically shifted • Terrorism • Increased deportations • Tighter border control • Increase in technology

IMMIGRATION

• The DREAM Act = Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors • Must have entered the US before age 16 • Continuously lived here for 5 years • Graduate from a US high school or get their GED • Demonstrates good moral character • Pass criminal background checks

• President Obama created a controversial executive order that stops the deportation of young people who meet the DREAM Act requirements because the DREAM Act did not pass the Senate