DOMAINS: Kingdoms Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria · eubacteria; possess unique ancient evolutionary history for which they are considered some of the oldest species of

Domains and Kingdoms of cellular life

“Kingdom” Protista

DOMAINS:

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Kingdoms

• Domain Archae– prokaryotic: no nuclear membrane, no membrane-covered organelles; distinct biochemistry from eubacteria; possess unique ancient evolutionary history for which they are considered some of the oldest species of organisms on Earth; traditionally classified as archaebacteria; often characterized by living in extreme environments

– Kingdom Archaebacteria Examples: Methanogens – metabolize hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane; Halophiles – thrive in salt; Thermoacidophiles – thrive in acid and high temperatures (up to 110 degrees Celsius)

Domains and Kingdoms of cellular life

• Domain Bacteria– prokaryotic: no nuclear membrane, no membrane-covered organelles; traditionally classified as bacteria; contain most known pathogenic prokaryotic organisms; studied far more extensively than Archaea

– Kingdom Eubacteria Examples: Cyanobacteria – photosynthesizing bacteria; Spirochaete – Gram-negative bacteria that include those causing syphilis and Lyme disease; Firmicutes – Gram-positive bacteria including Bifidobacterium animalis which is present in the human large intestine

Domains and Kingdoms of cellular life

• Domain Eukarya - nuclear membrane, membrane-covered organelles

– Kingdom fungi or fungi

• club fungi– mushrooms

• sac fungi- morels, yeast, most lichens

• molds - many mycorrhizae and many molds

• asexual fungi - from many groups, many molds

– Kingdom Plantae or plants

• Nonvascular (mosses, liverworts and hornworts)

• Vascular

– Seedless (ferns, horsetails)

– Seed

» Non-flowering

» Flowering

Domains and Kingdoms of cellular life

• Domain Eukarya - nuclear membrane, membrane-covered organelles – Kingdom Animalia or animals

• organized into several phyla based on tissue types and body organization

– “Kingdom” Protista or protists: not a distinct group; includes all eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi

• Organization changes often as new evidence is collected

Domains and Kingdoms of cellular life