Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi # of cells Type of cell w/ regard to organe lles Mode of nutrit ion Exampl
Dec 19, 2015
DomainArchae
DomainBacteria
KingdomProtista
Kingdom Plantae
KingdomAnimalia
Kingdom Fungi
# of cells
Type of cell w/ regard to organellesMode of nutrition
Examplespecies
DomainArchae
DomainBacteria
KingdomProtista
Kingdom Plantae
KingdomAnimalia
Kingdom Fungi
# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled
multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled
Type of cell w/ regard to organelles
Mode of nutrition
Examplespecies
DomainArchae
DomainBacteria
KingdomProtista
Kingdom Plantae
KingdomAnimalia
Kingdom Fungi
# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled
multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled
Type of cell w/ regard to organelles
prokaryotic
prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic
Mode of nutrition
Examplespecies
DomainArchae
DomainBacteria
KingdomProtista
Kingdom Plantae
KingdomAnimalia
Kingdom Fungi
# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled
multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled
Type of cell w/ regard to organelles
prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic
Mode of nutrition
Chemo-autotrophic
autotrophic orheterotr.
autotrophic orheterotrohic
Photo-autotrophic but rarely hetero.
heterotrophic heterotrophic
Examplespecies
DomainArchae
DomainBacteria
KingdomProtista
Kingdom Plantae
KingdomAnimalia
Kingdom Fungi
# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled
multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled
Type of cell w/ regard to organelles
prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic
Mode of nutrition
Chemo-autotrophic
autotrophic orheterotr.
autotrophic orheterotrohic
Photo-autotrophic but rarely hetero.
heterotrophic heterotrophic
Examplespecies
methan.halophilesthermo.
E. coliStaph.cyanobact.
Parameciumslime moldkelp
mossapplefern
spongeearthwormchimp
yeastmushroomPenicillium
Classification:
Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life
Why organize?
• Since Darwin– Known species increased to 1.8 million
• Millions more to be discovered• Tropics & deep sea
Systematics
• Science of naming & grouping organisms– To understand diversity– To organize by evolutionary relationships
• Taxonomy– Naming & grouping by criteria such as
appearance
Naming & Grouping
• Naming: Genus species– Common names
• confusing • not universal
– Ex. • Cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion = Felis concolor
http://www.exoticcatz.com/photoalbum/albums/userpics/10001/normal_cougar~0.jpg
Felis concolor
International confusion
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/
In UK, “buzzard” = hawk
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2062/1895127243_b8956555d3.jpg
In US, “buzzard” =vulture
Binomial nomenclature: (2-part scientific name)
• Developed by– Linnaeus – Swedish botanist
• You should know:– In Latin– In italics– 2 parts:
• Genus– Group of closely related species
• species – Description of habitat or important trait
http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/POLAR%20BEAR.jpg
Ursus maritimusUrsus contains 5 other speciesof bears.maritimus means sea
Ursus arctos
http://www.raveplants.com/images/wettolerant/acer_rubrum.jpg
Can you guess what
Acer rubrumlooks like?
Acer = maplerubrum = red
Taxa = ranking level
• Originally, Linnaeus had 4 levels• Now = 7 taxa
Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Good species spaghetti
Kingdoms then & now• Then
– 2 kingdoms• Plants• Animals
• Now– More kingdoms added as
knowledge increases– 6 kingdoms
• Eubacteria• Archaebacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia
Domains
• Larger category than kingdoms• 3 domains recognized
– domain Bacteria: Eubacteria– domain Archaea: Archaebacteria– domain Eukarya: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia,
“Protista”
Modern Evolutionary Classification
• Darwin’s “tree of life”– Descent with modification
• Phylogeny = grouping by evolutionary descent– Share more recent
common ancestor– Clade = includes all species from common ancestor
http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/darwins_first_tree_of_life.jpg
Cladogram
• Shows how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors
• Branch point (node)– Speciation
• Root– Common ancestor
DNA in classification
• Shared genes determine evolutionary relationships– Ex.
• All Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria• Mitochondria have their own genes• Genes mutate over time• Shared genes show how recently organisms shared
common ancestor