DOGFEEDER WITH NOTIFICATION AND CONTROL VIA SMS __________________ A Project Study Presented to The Faculty of the College of Information Technology and Engineering De La Salle Lipa __________________ In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING __________________ by DEL RIO, ARGUS F. LALUNIO, WILSON Z. MIRASOL, IVAN C. March 2011
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DOGFEEDER WITH NOTIFICATION AND CONTROL VIA SMS
__________________
A Project Study
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Information Technology and Engineering
De La Salle Lipa
__________________
In partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
ENGINEERING
__________________
by
DEL RIO, ARGUS F.
LALUNIO, WILSON Z.
MIRASOL, IVAN C.
March 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page LIST OF FIGURES i Chapter
1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Introduction 1 Objectives of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 4 Conceptual Background 5
Scope and Delimitations of the Project 9 Definition of Terms 10
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature 12 Review of Related Studies 20 Synthesis 22
identify the phones number and network operator of individual mobile
phone (“Cell Phones”, 2006).
Short Message Service
Short message service or SMS as it is commonly called is the
capability of a cellular terminal to send and/or receive alphanumeric
messages within a few seconds where GSM coverage is available. One
message can compose of 160 characters or 140 bytes in length. With this
the user are able to exchange with other digital cellular network. SMS is
now increasingly becoming popular as a messaging service. More than a
paging service, when GSM coverage is unavailable, a message is stored
by the network and immediately sent when coverage area becomes
present (Cvetkovic, 2000).
SMS message are handled by “short message service center”
which is maintained by the cellular provider for the end devices. Binary
data can also be sent over the air via text message. Typically, the
application on the phone that handles messages containing binary data.
Some of this is downloading of ringtones, on or off of animation and
exchange of picture messages (Brown, 2007).
Microcontroller
Microcontrollers are special purpose computers. It is dedicated to
perform one specific program at a time. The program is stored on the
read-only memory. It has a low power rating which consumes about 50
mill watts. A microcontroller also takes input from the device it is
controlling and controls the device by sending signals to different
components in the device (Singh, 2008).
A microcontroller is an expensive single-chip computer. It is
capable of storing and running a program. The microcontroller contains a
central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), read-only
memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory
(EEPROM), input/output (I/O) lines, serial and parallel ports, timers and
other built in peripherals, such as analog to digital (A/D), and digital to
analog (D/A).It has the ability to store and run unique programs that
makes it extremely versatile. Its ability to perform math and logic function
allows it to imitate sophisticated logic and electronic circuits (Iovine, 2004).
Microcontroller can also be classified in terms of programming as
Flash Devices and One Time Programmable Devices. Flash devices are
microcontroller which can be reprogrammed or which allow the program to
erase. One Time Programmable devices are microcontroller which can be
programmed once or when the program is wrong the microcontroller
cannot be used again (Smith, 2006).
Strain Gauge Configurations
Strain gauges are sensing devices that change resistance at their
output terminals when stretched or compressed. It is normally connected
to a solid material to measure its dimensional changes when put into
compression or tension. Strain gauges are often used in measuring
pressure, tension and force. Strain gauges have a characteristic gauge
factor that is defined as the fractional change in resistance divided by the
strain (Gyorki, 2005).
Poisson effect in honour of the French scientist Simeon Poisson
takes place when an object is subjected to mechanical strain, it contracts
or expands. Spring element that exhibits Poisson effect is used with the
addition of strain gauge that varies its electrical resistance. Stress is
measured by attaching a spring element with the strain gauge to the
surface that contract or expands where the mechanical change is
determined by the gauge. The applied force will vary the electrical
resistance of the strain gauge, the intensity of the force applied is
proportional to the intensity of the electrical resistance varied (Maloney,
2004).
Wheatstone Full-Bridge Circuit with Strain Gauge Sensor
A Wheatstone bridge is used to convert force or loads into electrical
output. Gauges are placed in the elastic element to sense the strain
induced by the load applied on the cell. A greater sensitivity will rise out
when more than one gauge is used. A basic full-bridge circuit typically
used in strain gauge transducers is illustrated in Figure 3 (Maloney, 2004).
Figure 3.Full-bridge circuit typically used in strain gauge transducers
Commercially available dog feeder
There are many different types of pet feeders on the market today
attempting to solve the problem of making sure that each pet has access
to a healthy amount of food throughout the day, regardless of the owner’s
schedule. The following are samples of commercially available dog
feeders.
Petmate Café Feeder
The most basic pet feeder is a gravity feeder, which consists
of a hopper full of food which falls into a bowl as the bowl is
emptied by the pet. This type of feeder as shown in figure 4 is not
meant to control portion sizes or access to the food. The most
common complaint being that the food hopper can be knocked off
by the pet. (Hail, 2008).
Figure 4.Petmate Café Feeder
The ERGO 8 day feeder
The advantage of this type of feeder over the gravity-type
feeders is that there is no chute to get clogged with food, and the
owner does not need to rely on the feeder itself to measure how
much food will be served, since the owner places the exact amount
to be fed in each compartment. The device operates by rotating the
lid when the programmed time is reached. the ERGO 8 day feeder
is shown in figure 5. The problem with this device is that it has a
poor construction which allow pet to tear the feeder apart and
allowing access to the food, requires frequent change of battery
and cover rotates rather than the base. (Hail, 2008)
Figure 5. The ERGO 8 day feeder
Petmate Le Bistro Electronic Portion-Control Automatic Pet Feeder
This pet feeder holds 4.5 pounds of food and can dispense
portions from ¼ cup up to 3 cups. This device can be program to
dispense food up to 3 meals per day. The device can be
programmed to respond to regular meal times and amounts. The
most common complaints about this type of feeder is that the
programming is very difficult and is lost when the batteries are
removed, the smallest portion of food is too large for some pets,
and that the food gets jammed in the chute leaving the pet hungry.
The figure 6 illustrates the Petmate Le Bistro Electronic Portion-
Control Automatic Pet Feeder. (Hail, 2008)
Figure 6. Petmate Le Bistro Electronic Portion-Control
Automatic Pet Feeder
Review of related study Foreign study
A study entitled “SMS Based Wireless Home Appliance Control
System for Automating Appliances and Security” by Sikandar et al.(2009),
demonstrated two sub-system for automating appliances and security
purposes via SMS. The appliance control subsystem enables the user to
control home appliances using SMS. The system is capable to instruct
user via SMS, from a specific cell number, to change the condition of the
home appliance according to the user’s needs and requirements. The
second system is about security alert which is achieved in a way that on
the detection of intrusion the system allows automatic generation of SMS
thus alerting the user against security risk. System allowed the provision
of security such that system took no action against the instruction received
from unauthorized number. The required task was performed only when
the pre-configured number instructed the system.
The study entitled “A Proto-Type for Home Automation Using GSM
Technology” by Srinivasa (2010), utilizes the technology of GSM (Global
System for Mobile Communication) to control electrical device at home
from a remote location using a mobile phone. This is achieved by
sending an SMS to a receiver present at home which is in turn connected
to a hardware kit. The SMS then received by the receiver is transmitted to
the microcontroller using a serial port. The microcontroller then reads the
message received and controls the appropriate device. The study made
use of a microcontroller specifically AT90S8515 microcontroller with an
assembly language coded program which is stored in a built-in flash
memory of the microcontroller. A relay circuit is use for protection against
strong reverse current. The GSM modem served as the
transmitter/receiver of the system.
Local Study
Abdul et al. (2010), conducted a project study entitled “SMS Based
Water Level Monitoring System” is a device that can detect and monitor
the level of water and with the use of cell phone, it will warn the people
concerned for the shortest time possible when water is in critical level. The
proponents used a mechanical type of sensor specifically the water level
sensor. The proponents made use of the combination of the conductivity
system and the float system. They used plastic floater to easily float in the
water having sensor switch connected in the floater. The system is
composed of Zilog Encore Z8F6421 as microcontroller, BenQ as the GSM
Module, Buzzer and three switch sensor with floater. The sensor was
connected to the ground to be activated and it sends the signal to the
Zilog Encore Z8F6421 microcontroller. There were three levels of warning
message and when the third level of warning message was activated the
system sent a warning message to the BENQ GSM module and an
irritating buzzer will activate to warn the concerned people.
Bonares, et al. (2007) conducted a project study entitled “SMS
Integrated Home Security System” demonstrated the use of GSM
technology by designing a security device that can monitor and at the
same time send SMS informing the concerned person automatically
through the network provider, when there is fire, smoke, and intruder
inside the home in the shortest possible time . The sensors will serve as
the switches of the security system. When one of the sensors is triggered
it will send a digital signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will
then facilitate the whole process in sending the message to the mobile
equipment then to the network provider until it reaches the destination or
the cell phone of the owner.
Synthesis
Two groups of researchers made use of the same concept of controlling
devices using GSM technology. The research entitled “SMS Based Wireless
Home Appliance Control System (HACS) for Automating Appliances and
Security” made use of a GSM module as a transceiver of the device. PC is used
as the controlling element of the device. The study entitled “A Proto-Type for
Home Automation Using GSM Technology” also uses a GSM module as a
transceiver of the device. This study is able to control their respective devices at
home from a remote location by a simple mobile phone. This is achieved by
sending an SMS to receiver present at home which is in turn connected to a
hardware kit. Both studies are related to this project study since all study uses a
GSM module as a means of connection between the user and the device. Also
through SMS, the studies are able to control their respective devices wirelessly.
The concept of notification via SMS was implemented by two more study;
they only vary in the sensor use for the triggering of notification. The project
entitled “SMS based water-level monitoring system” is uses a floater that will
activate a switch once the water reach a certain level. By using GSM module
specifically a, BenQ as the GSM module, notification is then sent to the GSM
network to the concerned person through SMS. The controlling element used
Zilog family. Another study entitled”SMS Integrated home security system” uses
a sensor that will activate when fire, smoke or intruder is detected. Upon
activation notification will be sent through the GSM network using a GSM module
as a transmitter for SMS sending. Both studies are related to this study since
both studies are able to send notification regarding a certain situation or event
using SMS as a means of communication between the user and the devices.
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter present and discuss the procedures and the methodology
used for the design and development of the Automated Dog Feeder with
Notification and Control via SMS. The study will be constructed under the
descriptive type of research and applied type of research. Creswell (1994) stated
that the descriptive type of research is to gather information about the present
existing condition. This type of research allows the proponents to gather
information from other existing related studies which are relevant to the project
study and further investigation may be conducted when important new issues
and questions arise during the duration of the study.
Applied type of research will be undertaken to solve practical problems
rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake. According to Malik (2008),
applied type of research deals with practical problems. This type of research
uses basic research; past theories and knowledge to solve an existing problem
arise from the study.
To achieve the reliability, functionality and well-organized model, the
proponents give consideration to the four different stages namely: pre-design
stage, design stage, development stage and testing stage.
Figure 7.Block Diagram of Research Methods and Procedures
Design Stage Designing the layout of the study Consideration of necessary components Program flow chart
Development Stage Hardware Development
Fabrication of PCB layout
Familiarization of the components Program Development
Consultation with the professionals
Developing necessary program language
Testing Stage Performance and efficiency testing of the design
project Testing of the program developed Actual simulation of the design project
Pre-design Stage Review and Evaluation of existing commercially
available dog feeder Research about the study Conducting an interview on technical persons
Pre Design Stage
To develop the project study, goals will be set in order to create the design
project study and the proponents will make a brain storming in order to know the
focus of the design project.
Gathering of different related studies serve as a source to come up with
various applications related for the design project. The proponents evaluate
commercially available dog feeder and will consult different articles, websites,
magazines and books which help in accomplishing the success of the design
project.
To improve the design conceptualization of the project study, the
proponents will interview some technical persons typically in the field of
Electronics Engineering and Computer Programming. Also upon gathering the
important data consideration of the availability of components that can be used
will be considered.
Design Stage
Through comprehensive plans and analysis of the project study, the
proponents will come up with the layout of the design. In this stage, proponents
will deal with the diagram and design of the components necessary in the project
study. This also includes the development of block diagram, component costs
and the availability of the components.
This stage will incorporate with the programming stage where a computer
programming language will be use to acquire the program that functions
according to the design project.
Development Stage
Plans from the design pre-design and design stage will be used to achieve
the goals in this stage. At this stage necessary components will be purchased
and fabrications of PCB layout for the circuits will be completed for the actual
construction of the project study.
Hardware Development
For hardware development, the proponents will use the block
diagram to come up with the overall design and fabrication of the
Automated Dog Feeder with Notification and Control via SMS. This would
involve the familiarization of microcontrollers that are available in the
market. For the selection of the microcontroller the proponents will be
considering the price and specifications that has been used in other
studies and that would fit our application. The hardware consists of GSM
module, load cell sensor and microcontroller. The display will be an LCD
display. A keypad will accept the input parameters to operate the feeding
machine.
Program Development
For the program development, consultations with the professional
in the field of programming will be conducted. Different approaches will be
considered that can help to accomplish the project study. The software will
involve the programming language that depends on the microcontroller
chosen. If possible programming language will be explored by the
proponents.
Testing stage
After the designing and developing stage of the project study, the
performance and efficiency of the Automated Dog Feeder with Notification and
Control via SMS will be tested. The proponents will do different testing procedure
for the different design circuits then the output of each will be compared to the
expected outcome.
The whole system which includes the device and the created programs
will be tested through the actual simulation of an Automated Dog Feeder with
Notification and Control via SMS. The program should be able to facilitate the
simulation and perform every instruction properly.
Bib liography
Books
Bhoir, D. Surve, F. & Unnikrishnan, S. (2011). Advances in computing, communication and control. Proceedings of the international conference, icac3 2011 (pp. 125). Mumbai, India: springer heidelberg dordrecht . Brown, J. Shipman, B. & Vetter, R. (2007). SMS: The Short Message Service. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. Gyorki, R. (2005). Strain sensor basics and signal conditioning tips. United State of America: Mc GrawHill Companies. Iovine, J. (2004). PIC Microcontroller Projects Book 2nd Edition. United States of America: Mc GrawHill Companies. Maloney, T.(2004). Modern Industrial Electronics 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2004 Singh A.(2008). Microcontroller and embedded system:New Age International. Smith, W. (2004). Pic in practice: a project-based approach. Jordan Hill, Oxford: Elsevier linacre housel. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
Cell Phones.(2006). Retrieved February 26, 2011 from
http://cellphones.org/blog/tag/cell-phones/
What is GSM Technology?. freewimaxinfo. (2010). Retrieved March 11, 2011,
from http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/gsm-technology.html
UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Abdul, F. Asfour, M. Dela Cruz, B. Macarrubo, V. & Palafox, P. (2010).SMS based water-level monitoring system. Unpublished manuscript, Bayombong, Nueve Viscaya
Bonares, A. Jacinto, D.(2007).SMS integrated home security system.
Unpublished manuscript
Cvetkovic,S. Griffiths, P. Spear, H. Peersman, C. (2000).The Global for Mobile Commmunications Short Message Service. Unpublished manuscript.Sheffield University, United Kingdom Hail, R. McCarthy, K. Rege, F. & Rodriguez, A. (2008).Smart Pet Feeder.
Unpublished manuscript.Boston, MA
Khan, A. Shehzadi, E. Sikandar, M.(2009). SMS Based Wireless Home Appliance Control System(HACS) for Automating Appliances and Security. Unpublished manuscript, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Madan Mohan, R. Prasad, S.D.V. Srinivasa, B.(2010). A Proto-Type for Home
Automation Using GSM Technology. Unpublished manuscript, Allahabad