Fruits and Vegetables and Cancer Prevention About 35 percent of all cancers can be prevented by eating 5 to 7 servings of fruit and vegetables a day. In addition, eating certain types of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of certain cancers. For example, eating dark green and deep yellow reduces the risk of lung and stomach cancers. Therefore, the cancer risk reduction diet provides recommendations for the composition of fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as the total amount. Estimating the Benefits to Agriculture Fruit and vegetables industries stand to benefit significantly should Californians eat more fruit and vegetables. An increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables will cause prices to increase, leading to an increase in production and more product marketed within California. To capture these effects we developed a market model that links the agricultural industry to the retail market. Results: Change in Prices and Production for Select Crops Grown in California Results: Net Annual Benefits to Growers by Commodity Group Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Falls Short Despite the benefits, most people do not even eat the minimum recommendations. The veryminimum recommendations for everyone are 2 fruit and 3 vegetable servings a day. Minimum recommendations for men and active women are 3 fruit and 4 vegetable servings a day. The cancer prevention subgroup recommendations are presented for the 7-a-day cancer prevention scenario in table below. People come closest to meeting the 7-a-day cancer prevention sub-group recommendations for tomato. Consumption of dark green or deep yellow vegetables would need to increase by over 100 percent in order to achieve the recommended amounts. Percentage change in California grower prices and production Food Group Price Production Price Production Price Production Citrus/berry/melon Cantaloupe 0.67 0.57 5.29 4.98 7.06 6.74 Oranges 0.69 0.43 5.46 3.83 6.96 4.95 Strawberries 0.73 0.59 5.65 5.23 7.52 7.09 Other fruit Apples 0.82 0.55 6.66 4.8 4.95 3.51 Avocados 0.81 0.5 6.35 4.45 5.06 3.47 Grapes 0.84 0.5 6.48 4.44 5.22 3.48 Peaches & nectarines 0.86 0.54 6.73 4.72 5.25 3.61 Plums and prunes 0.41 0.23 3.09 2.08 2.44 1.58 Salad Lettuce, all 7.16 3.52 14.32 6.96 16.37 7.99 Tomatoes Fresh Market 5.21 2.56 10.49 5.12 4.14 1.94 Processing 7.22 3.55 14.41 7.01 4.17 1.9 Dark Carrots 6.92 3.42 13.89 6.83 31.91 15.83 Spinach 7.11 3.49 14.24 6.91 35.6 17.59 Broccoli 7.24 3.55 14.49 7.04 36.24 17.91 Cruciferous Cauliflower 5.54 2.7 11.15 5.37 11.19 5.38 cancer prevention 7-a-day 5-a-day 7-a-day Fruit and vegetable growers benefit both from higher prices and greater production. In general, price increases were smallest for commodities that were heavily imported or exported. Benefits to all growers increase from the 5-a-day to the 7-a-day scenario. California growers benefit more under the 7-a-day cancer prevention scenario because they specialize in the dark green and cruciferous vegetables that need to have the greatest increases in consumption for a cancer prevention diet. Net annual benefits to growers 7-a-day 5-day 7-a-day cancer prevention ($ million) California Citrus/berry/melon 8 65 86 Other fruit 15 117 92 yellow 65 133 336 Cruciferous 13.7 27.8 27.9 Salad 90 183 211 Tomatoes 60 123 37 Starchy vegetables 3 16 19 Other vegetable 61 123 27 Total 316 788 836 Total U.S. Citrus/berry/melon 20 171 228 Other fruit 29 243 186 yellow 83 169 428 Cruciferous 46 92.8 93.3 Salad 117 238 274 Tomatoes 84 170 54 Starchy vegetables -100 49 99 Other vegetable 181 365 80 Total 460 1,500 1,442 Food category 5-a-day 7-a-day 7-a-day cancer prevention Lower (<15,000) Higher (≥15,000) Fruit 2 3 1.85 1.87 Citrus/berry/melon 1 0.74 0.76 Other fruit 2 1.11 1.11 Vegetable 3 4 1.88 2.19 Dark Green and Deep Yellow 1 0.29 0.31 Cruciferous 0.5 0.09 0.09 Salad 1 0.41 0.54 Tomatoes 0.3 0.25 0.28 Starchy (excludes French fries and chips) 0.5 0.39 0.45 Other vegetable 0.7 0.45 0.52 Total 3.73 4.06 Recommended and Current Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables a Source: California Survey of Dietary Practices, biennial surveys 1993-1999. Recommended Current Annual Household Income Level by Karen M. Jetter, James A. Chalfant and Daniel A. Sumner Does 5 a day pay? The Benefits to Agriculture If Californians Ate the Recommended Amounts of Fruits and Vegetables in a Cancer Prevention Diet
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Fruits and Vegetables and Cancer Prevention
About 35 percent of all cancers can be prevented by eating 5 to 7 servings of fruit and vegetables a day.
In addition, eating certain types of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of certain cancers. For example, eating dark green and deep yellow reduces the risk of lung and stomach cancers.
Therefore, the cancer risk reduction diet provides recommendations for the composition of fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as the total amount.
Estimating the Benefits to AgricultureFruit and vegetables industries stand to benefit significantly should Californians eat more fruit and vegetables. An increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables will cause prices to increase, leading to an increase in production and more product marketed within California.
To capture these effects we developed a market model that links the agricultural industry to the retail market.
Results: Change in Prices and Production for Select Crops Grown in California
Results: Net Annual Benefits to Growers by Commodity Group
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Falls ShortDespite the benefits, most people do not even eat the minimum recommendations. The veryminimum recommendations for everyone are 2 fruit and 3 vegetable servings a day. Minimum recommendations for men and active women are 3 fruit and 4 vegetable servings a day. The cancer prevention subgroup recommendations are presented for the 7-a-day cancer prevention scenario in table below.
People come closest to meeting the 7-a-day cancer prevention sub-group recommendations for tomato. Consumption of dark green or deep yellow vegetables would need to increase by over 100 percent in order to achieve the recommended amounts.
Percentage change in California grower prices and production
Food Group Price Production Price Production Price ProductionCitrus/berry/melon
Cantaloupe 0.67 0.57 5.29 4.98 7.06 6.74Oranges 0.69 0.43 5.46 3.83 6.96 4.95Strawberries 0.73 0.59 5.65 5.23 7.52 7.09
Other fruitApples 0.82 0.55 6.66 4.8 4.95 3.51Avocados 0.81 0.5 6.35 4.45 5.06 3.47Grapes 0.84 0.5 6.48 4.44 5.22 3.48Peaches & nectarines 0.86 0.54 6.73 4.72 5.25 3.61Plums and prunes 0.41 0.23 3.09 2.08 2.44 1.58
SaladLettuce, all 7.16 3.52 14.32 6.96 16.37 7.99
TomatoesFresh Market 5.21 2.56 10.49 5.12 4.14 1.94Processing 7.22 3.55 14.41 7.01 4.17 1.9
DarkCarrots 6.92 3.42 13.89 6.83 31.91 15.83Spinach 7.11 3.49 14.24 6.91 35.6 17.59Broccoli 7.24 3.55 14.49 7.04 36.24 17.91
CruciferousCauliflower 5.54 2.7 11.15 5.37 11.19 5.38
cancer prevention7-a-day5-a-day7-a-day
Fruit and vegetable growers benefit both from higher prices and greater production. In general, price increases were smallest for commodities that were heavily imported or exported.
Benefits to all growers increase from the 5-a-day to the 7-a-day scenario. California growers benefit more under the 7-a-day cancer prevention scenario because they specialize in the dark green and cruciferous vegetables that need to have the greatest increases in consumption for a cancer prevention diet.
Net annual benefits to growers7-a-day
5-day 7-a-day cancer prevention($ million)
CaliforniaCitrus/berry/melon 8 65 86Other fruit 15 117 92Dark green and deep yellow 65 133 336Cruciferous 13.7 27.8 27.9Salad 90 183 211Tomatoes 60 123 37Starchy vegetables 3 16 19Other vegetable 61 123 27Total 316 788 836Total U.S. Citrus/berry/melon 20 171 228Other fruit 29 243 186Dark green and deep yellow 83 169 428Cruciferous 46 92.8 93.3Salad 117 238 274Tomatoes 84 170 54Starchy vegetables -100 49 99Other vegetable 181 365 80Total 460 1,500 1,442
Food category 5-a-day 7-a-day
7-a-day cancer
preventionLower
(<15,000)Higher
(≥15,000)Fruit 2 3 1.85 1.87
Citrus/berry/melon 1 0.74 0.76Other fruit 2 1.11 1.11
Vegetable 3 4 1.88 2.19Dark Green and Deep Yellow 1 0.29 0.31Cruciferous 0.5 0.09 0.09Salad 1 0.41 0.54Tomatoes 0.3 0.25 0.28Starchy (excludes French fries and chips) 0.5 0.39 0.45Other vegetable 0.7 0.45 0.52
Total 3.73 4.06
Recommended and Current Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
aSource: California Survey of Dietary Practices, biennial surveys 1993-1999.
Recommended CurrentAnnual Household
Income Level
by Karen M. Jetter, James A. Chalfant and Daniel A. Sumner
Does 5 a day pay? The Benefits to Agriculture If Californians Ate the Recommended Amounts of Fruits and Vegetables in a Cancer Prevention Diet
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