DOE Commercial Microgrid Program

DOE Commercial Microgrid Program

Renewable Energy and Military Microgrids Summit

Steve Bossart, Senior Energy Analyst U.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology Laboratory

April 10, 2013

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Topics

DOE OE Mission

Microgrid Concepts

Challenges

DOE Microgrid Program & Projects

Microgrid R&D Needs

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DOE OE Mission

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DOE OE MissionOffice of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

• Lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid; • Enhance security and reliability of the infrastructure;

and • Facilitate recovery from disruptions to energy supply

Accelerate the deployment and integration of advanced communication, control, and information technologies that are needed to modernize the nation‘s electric delivery network

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DOD/DOE MOU

Cooperation in a Strategic Partnership to Enhance Energy Security

July 22, 2010

Energy efficiency, renewable energy, water efficiency, fossil fuels, alternative fuels, efficient transportation and fueling infrastructure, grid security, smart grid, storage, waste-to-energy, basic science, mobile/deployable power, small modular nuclear reactor

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Microgrid Concepts

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Definition by Microgrid Exchange Group

A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.

Microgrid and OE’s Performance Target

Develop commercial scale (<10MW) microgrid systems capable of reducing outage time of required loads by >98% at a cost comparable to non-integrated baseline solutions (UPS + diesel genset), while reducing emissions by >20% and improving system energy efficiencies by >20%

OE’s 2020 Performance Target

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Various Microgrid Configurations Possible

• Consumer Microgrid—single consumer with demand resources on consumer side of the point of delivery, (e.g. sports stadium)

• Community Microgrid— multiple consumers with demand resources on consumer side of the point of delivery, local objectives, consumer owned, (e.g., campus, etc.)

• Utility Microgrid—supply resources on utility side with consumer interactions, utility objectives

Microgrids are “Local Energy Networks”

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Microgrid MarketsMunicipalities

1327 in the US, 961 under 300,000 residents

University campuses8,520 in the US

Military facilities (25% renewables goal)440 facilities worldwide

Industrial and commercial parks~15,000 in the US with a capital size of $10M to $100M

Utilities with special needsOver 900 rural electric cooperatives, over 1200 municipal utilities, ~250 investor-owned utilities, and many public power utilities

Other campuses (hospital, state agencies, etc) - Not quantified to date

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Microgrids & Smart GridsCentral

Generation

Transmission Load

Distributed Generation E-Storage

Distribution

E-StorageDistributed Generation Load

Microgrid

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A Possible Future Distribution Architecture

Municipal Microgrid

Military Microgrid

Campus Microgrid Commercial Park

Microgrid

IndustrialMicrogrid

Utility Microgrid

Distribution Control

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Some Challenges and Risks

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Challenges to a Smart Grid1. Businesses, state regulators, and consumer advocates are

unconvinced of the value of smart grid technologies due to lack of performance data on costs and benefits

2. Insufficient or inadequate technologies, components, and systems to leverage IT potential of smart grid

3. No established standards for interoperability of systems and components

4. Insufficient cyber security for a smart grid architecture5. Lack of a skilled workforce to build, install, operate, and

maintain systems and equipment6. Consumer understanding of the electrical infrastructure and

opportunities enabled by smart grid technologies

7. Change management – vision, alignment, education, metrics8. Future proofing – communications9. Shift in regulatory paradigm – least cost, “used and useful”

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Barriers to Smart Grid

OE Program Addresses Key Barriers

Lack of a Strong Business Case

Smart GridInvestmentGrants

Smart GridDemonstrationProgram

EPRI

APPA

NRECA

The Galvin Initiative

FederalSmart GridTask ForceSmart GridWebsitesStakeholderEngagementProcess

NARUC

FERC

NIST

Smart ResponseCollaborative

Inadequate Technologies

& Components

No Standards

forInteroperability

InsufficientCyber

Security

Lack of a Skilled

Workforce

Smart Grid R&DEnergy StorageR&DClean EnergyTransmission ReliabilitySmart GridDevelopment

InteroperabilityStandards

Cyber SecurityFor EnergyDelivery

InfrastructureSecurity andEnergy Restoration

WorkforceTrainingDevelopmentGrants

DOE EERE ProgramsDOE ARPA-E

EPRIISGAN

DOD Spiders

PSERC

NIST

FERC

DHS S&T

DHS NCSD

NIST

DOD Spiders

NERC

State Training - California - Arkansas - Colorado - Wyoming - Northern Plains and Rocky Mtn Consortium

Smartgrid.com

UninformedConsumers

Smart GridStakeholderBooks

Smart GridInformationClearinghouse

UtilityPrograms

SmartGridConsumer Collaborative

NARUC

OE

Act

iviti

esO

ther

Act

iviti

es

SGIG &SGDP

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DOE OE Microgrid Field Projects

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DOE-OE Primary Microgrid Field ProjectsRenewable and Distributed Systems Integration Projects

Mon Power - West Virginia Super CircuitChevron Energy Solutions - CERTS Microgrid DemoCity of Fort Collins - 3.5 MW Mixed Distributed ResourcesIllinois Institute of Technology - IIT Perfect Power DemoSan Diego Gas & Electric - Borrego Springs Microgrid

Smart Grid Demonstration Projects (ARRA)

Battelle – Pacific Northwest Smart Grid DemonstrationLA Dept. of Water & Power Smart Grid Regional DemoSouthern California Edison Irvine Smart Grid Demo

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SDG&E

Battelle

SCE

Ft Collins

Chevron Mon Power

IIT

LADWP

RDSI

SGDP

DOE OE Primary Microgrid Project Locations

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Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP)

Demonstrate emerging technologies (including energy storage) and alternative architectures

Validate business models Address regulatory

and scalability issues Large projects: $20M-

$89M Small projects: $720K-$20M (Federal share)

4-year projects (average)

Selected ProjectsTotal Funding $1,647,637,256Total Federal Funding $620,027,274Total Number of Projects 32

Large Projects, 12 (37%)Small

Projects, 20 (63%)

Number of Projects

IOU, 41%

Municipal Utilities,

13%

Electric Co-ops, 3.0%

Technology/ Manufac-

turing Company,

34.0%

Non-Profit, 9%

SGDP Recipient Types

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Common Objectives Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects

• Reduce peak load• Benefits of integrated DER (i.e., DG, DR, e-storage)• Ability to integrate variable renewables• Operate in “islanding” and “grid parallel” modes• Import and export capabilities• Two-way communications (frequency, verification, data latency)• Data management • Price-driven demand response• Dynamic feeder reconfiguration• Outage management (i.e., number, duration, and extent)• Volt/VAR/frequency control• Balance distributed and central control• Cyber security • Interconnection and interoperability• Defer generation, transmission, and distribution investments

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Common Technologies Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects

Generation and Energy Storage Renewable energy (PV, wind) Distributed generation (microturbines, fuel cells, diesel) Combined heat and power Energy storage (thermal storage, batteries)

T&D Communications (wireless, PLC, internet) Advanced metering infrastructure & smart meters T&D equipment health monitors (transformers)

Consumers Plug-in electric vehicles and charging stations (PHEV/PEV) Smart appliances & programmable thermostats Home Area Networks & In-Home Displays Energy management systems

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Microgrid R&D Program

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CERTS Microgrid Test BedObjective

Technical Scope

Expand CERTS Microgrid concepts to address system integration challenges presented by need to accommodate intermittent, distributed renewable electricity sources within utility distribution systems.

The CERTS Microgrid Test Bed is being expanded through the addition of new hardware elements: (1) a CERTS compatible conventional synchronous generator; (2) a more flexible energy management system for dispatch; (3) intelligent load shedding; (4) a commercially available, stand-alone electricity storage device with CERTS controls; and (5) a PV emulator and inverter with CERTS controls.The concepts are explored initially through detailed simulation and bench-scale tests at UW and then demonstrated at full-scale using the CERTS Microgrid Test Bed operated by American Electric Power in Groveport, OH.

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Smart Grid Interconnection and Interoperability Standards Development

Objective

IEEE P1547.4

“MICROGRIDS”

Technical Scope

(Insert graphic here)

To facilitate the evolution of the existing electric power system into a smart grid by supporting the development of standards and best practices

Development of national and international standards and best practices for electric power system interfaces, interconnection and interoperability requirements

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Use military bases to develop approaches for implementing high reliability microgrids because of immediate needs, interest, and funding to implement

Use cost/performance data and lessons learned from military efforts to accelerate commercial implementation

Energy Surety MicrogridsObjective

Technical Scope

Use risk-based energy assessment to develop microgrids that:– Can use distributed and renewable energy resources– Will improve site energy infrastructure safety, security, and reliability– Enhance critical mission assurance at military bases

12 Bases evaluated, several more in process

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Improve reliability for mission-critical loads by connecting generators on a microgrid using existing distribution networks.

Reduce reliance on fuel for diesel power by using renewable energy sources during outages.

Increase efficiency of backup generators through coordinated operation on the microgrid.

Reduce operational risk for energy systems through a strong cyber security for the microgrid.

Enable flexible electrical energy by building microgrid architectures that can selectively energize loads during extended outages.

SPIDERS: Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy, Reliability, and Security

Objective

Technical ScopeDoD, DOE, and DHS collaborate to design and implement three separate microgrids supporting critical loads at DoD bases. Each one is slightly larger and more complex in scope than the previous. The sites include:

– Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, Fort Carson, Camp SmithA key part of the project is the standardization of the design approach, contracting, installation, security, and operation of these microgrids to support future applications.

CAMP SMITH ENERGY ISLAND

• Entire Installation Smart Micro-Grid

• Islanded Installation

• High Penetration of Renewables

• Demand-Side Management

• Redundant Backup Power

• Makana Pahili Hurricane Exercise

PEARL-HICKAM CIRCUIT LVL DEMO

• Renewables• Hydrogen Storage• Hydrogen Fuel Cell• Energy Management• Cyber Test at INL

FT CARSON MICRO-GRID

• Large Scale Renewables

• Vehicle-to-Grid• Smart Micro-

Grid• Critical Assets • CONUS

Homeland Defense Demo

• COOP Exercise

CYBER SECURITY BEST PRACTICES

TRANSITION

• Template for DoD-wide implementation

• CONOPS• TTPs• Training Plans• DoD Adds Specs

to GSA Schedule• Transition to

Commercial Sector

• Transition Cyber-Security to Federal Sector and Utilities

STAIRWAY TO ENERGY SECURE INSTALLATIONS

RIGOROUS ASSESSMENT WITH RED TEAMING IN EACH PHASE

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Microgrid R&D Needs

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Smart Grid & Microgrid R&D Sources

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Development of Microgrid R&D Needs

Stakeholder EngagementConvened a Workshop to further define:

• Baseline performance

• Areas of research needs

• End goals (technical/cost targets and their significance)

• Actionable plan to reach the targets (scope, schedule, participants, milestones)

Workshop Details

• August 30-31, 2011

• University of CA, San Diego

• 73 participants

• Vendors, electric utilities, national labs, universities, research institutes, end users (including military bases, municipalities, and data centers), and consultants

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List of High-Priority R&D Projects from the DOE Microgrid Workshop

Impactful R&D Areas High-priority R&D ProjectsStandards and Protocols Universal Microgrid Communications and Control Standards

Microgrid Protection, Coordination, and Safety

Systems Design and Economic Analysis

Microgrid Multi-objective Optimization Framework

System Integration Common Integration Framework for Cyber Security/Control/Physical Architectures

Switch Technologies Legacy Grid-Connection Technologies to Enable Connect/Disconnect from Grid

Requirements based on Customer and Utility Needs

Control and Protection Technologies

Best Practices and Specifications for Protection and Controls

Reliable, Low-cost Protection

Inverters/Converters Topologies & Control Algorithms for Multiple Inverters to Operate in a Microgrid

Advanced Power Electronics Technologies

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Contact Information

Merrill SmithProgram ManagerMicrogrid R&DU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Delivery and Energy Reliability(202) [email protected]

Steve BossartSenior Energy AnalystU.S. Department of EnergyNational Energy Technology Lab(304) [email protected]