DOCUMENT RESUME ED 095 226 OD 014 482 Winard, Arno I ... · DOCUMENT RESUME. OD 014 482. Winard, Arno I.; Miller, Renee Supplementary Report on the Low-Income Population: 1966 to

ED 095 226

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ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESUME

OD 014 482

Winard, Arno I.; Miller, ReneeSupplementary Report on the Low-Income Population:1966 to 1972. Current Population Reports, ConsumerIncome; Series P-60, No. 95.Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, Md. PopulationDiv.Jul 7475p.Superintendent of Documents, Government PrintingOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($1.30)

MF-$0.75 HC-$4.20 PLUS POSTAGEAge Differences; *Census Figures; *Demography;*Family Characteristics; Family Income; FamilyStructure; Industry; *Low Income; *National Surveys;Occupational Surveys; Racial Differences; ResidentialPatterns; Rural Urban Differences; Sex Differences;Work Experience

This report presents detailed social and economicstatistics for the population of the United States below thelow-income level in 1966 to 1972, based on the March 1967 to 1973Current Population Surveys. The data in this report were extractedfrom a series of tabulations prepared for and previously distributedby the Office of Economic Opportunity. Data are presented here on thelow-income status of persons cross-classified by age, family status,race, sex, work experience, occupation, industry, major activityduring survey week, income of a specified type, andmetropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence. Data are also shown onresidence in the ten Federal regions and on the characteristics ofpersons between 100 and 125 percent and 125 and 150 percent of thelow-income level. It should be noted that the low-income concept hasbeen developed in order to identify, in dollar terms, a minimum levelof income adequacy for families of different types in keeping withAmerican consumption patterns. Consequently, it is an overallstatistical yardstick which reflects the different consumptionrequirements of families of different size, taking into accountfamily composition and farm-nonfarm residence. (Author/JM)

CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS

Consumer Income

Series P-60, No. 95

Issued July 1974

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ONTHE LOW-INCOME

POPULATION:1966 TO 1972

US DE PAeTMFNrpc Ht AI. T4EDUCATION; hE,T APENATIONAL INS ti TtiTE OF

EIDUCPTiONSCOPE OF INTEREST NOTICE

The ERIC Facility has assignedthis document forto: soI n our judgement, this documentis also of interest to the clearing-houses noted to the right. Index-ing should reflect their specialpoints of view.

OFDoti01" v0 e

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE4v

ieleW 13

te 44. rt.Social and Economic Statistics Administration 1 1

e,::z24r.--4.

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS SA l'14) ..., ,..#.

4rArts of

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Frederick B. Dent, SecretarySidney L. Jones, Assistant Secretary

for Economic Affairs

Social and Economic Statistics AdministrationEdward D. Failor, Administrator

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Vincent P. Barabba, DirectorRobert L. Hagan, Deputy Director

Daniel B. Levine, Associate Directorfor Demographic Fields

POPULATION DIVISIONMeyer Zitter, Chief

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report was prepared by P.rno I. Winard, Chief, and Renge Miller,Poverty Statistics Program, Population Division. Statistical assistancewas provided by Vivian M. Simmons and Antoinette F. Weir. Overalldirection was provided by Murray S. Weitzman, Assistant Division Chief(Socioeconomic Statistical Programs). Population Division.

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 95, "Sup-plementary Report on the Low-Income Population: 1966 to 1972," U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1974.

For sale by the Superintendent of Dot.uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, and U.S.Department of Commerce, district offices, $1.30. Current Population Reports issued in Series P-20, P-23, P-25,P-26, P-27, P-28 (summaries only), P-60, and P-65 are sc!d as a single consolidated subscription at $30.50 p.1.-; year,$7.75 additional for foreign mailing.

CONTENTSPage

IntroductionRelated materials

Current Population SurveyDecennial census 2Comparability of data in detailed tables of this report with corresponding data in series P-60,

Nos. 86 and 91 3

DETAILED TABLES

Table1. Age --Persons by low-income status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1971 42. Work experience of persons Persons 14 years old and over and 22 to 64 years old by low-income

status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 63. Work experience of family members -All wives, family members other than head or wife, and

unrelated individuals and those 22 to 64 years old by low-income status and race: 1966 to 1972 . 104. Occupation and class of worker of longest jobPersons 14 years old and over and 22 to 64 years old

who worked last year by low-income status, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 145. Major activity in survey week and employment status--Persons 14 to 21 years old by low-income

status, age, sex, and race: 1966 to 1972 166. Industry of longest job -Wage and salary workers 14 years old and over by low-income status,

sex, and race: 1971 and 19727. Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residencePersons by low-income status, sex of head, and race:

1971 and 1972 238. Income of a specified type as percent of total incomeFamilies and unrelated individuals by

low-income status and sex and race of head: 1971 and 1972 259. Alternate low-income levels--Persons by family status and race: 1969 to 1972 29

10. selected characteristics of persons, families, and unrelated individuals by alternate low-incomelevels, sex, and race: 1969 to 1972 30

I I. Ten Federal regionsPersons by low-income status, family status, and race: 1969 to 197" 37

APPENDICES

Appendix ADefinitions and explanations 44Comparability of data for 1972 and 1971 with those for previous yearsNonresponses and allocations 53Other limitations of the data 54Source and reliability of the estimates 57

Appendix B0E0 Tabulation Specifications 62

APPENDIX TABLES

TableA-I. Unrel-ted individuals under 14 years of age by race and sex: 1966 to 1972 44A-2. Changes between 1966 and 1972 in the Consumer Price Index and the average low-income

threshold for a nonfarm family of four 48A-31 Weighted average thresholds at the low-income level in 1972 by size of family and sex of

head, by farm-nonfarm residence 50A-4. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons for 1966-1972 --Total or white 56A-5. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income families for 1966 1972 -Total or white 56A-6. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons for 1966-1972 -Negro 56A-7. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income families for 1966-1972--Negro 57A-8. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income persons for 1966-1972 57A-9. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income families for 1966-1972 57

A-I O. Standard errors of estimated number of low-income persons in the 10 Federal regions 58A -1 1. Standard errors of estimated percentages of low-income persons in Federal Regions I to VII and IX . 59A -I 2. Standard errors of estimated percentage" of low-income persons in Federal Regichls VIII and X 59

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON THE LOW-INCOME POPULATION: 1966 TO 1972

This report presents detailed social and e.7.o-nomic statistics for the population of the LIn..tedStates below the low-income level' in 196e, rn1972, based on the March 1967 to 1973 CurrentPopulation Surveys. The data in this reportw,ie extracted from a series of tabulations pre-pared for and previously distributed by theOffice of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Theysupplement the data on the low-income populationalready published in other Series P-60 reports.Financial support for the preparation of thisreport was provided by the Office of AssistantSecretary for Planning and Evaluation, Depart-ment of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Data are presented here on the low-incomestatus of p-rsons cross-classified by age, familystatus, raLe, sex, work experience, occupatic,n,industry, major activity during survey week,income of a specified type, and metropolitan-nonmetropol itan residence. Some of these datahave been included in recent Series P-60 reportson the low-income population; however, this isthe first time that they are being shown as ahistorical series. Data are also shown on resi-dence in the 10. Federal regions' and on thecharacteristics of persons between 100 and 125percent and 125 and 150 percent of the low-incomelevel; these data have not been published inthe P-60 reports. The forthcoming detailed reporton the low-income population based on the March1974 Current Population Survey will includecomparable data for the year 1973.

The data in this report are based on samplesurveys and so caution must be used whenmakingcomparisons. Apparent differences between fig-ures could be the result of sampling variabilityrather than true differences in the population. Seepage 55 for estimates and further explanation ofsampling variability. The sampling errors for

'The low-income threshold for a nonfarm familyof four was $4,275 in 1972, t4,137 in 1971, andt3,317 in 1966. See page 48 for a detailed ex-planation of the low-income definition.

2See page 45 for a listing of the States in-cluded in each region.

the estimated number of persons below the low-income level in each of the 10 Federal regionsare relatively larger than those at the U.S. level.(See tables A-10, A-11, and A-12.)

In analyzing data on the low-income population,the following limitations should be noted. Thelow-income concept has been developed in orderto identify, in dollar terms, a minimum level ofincome adequacy for families of different types inkeeping with American consumption patterns.Based on an analysis of the percent of incomedevoted to food expenditures, an estimate wasdeveloped of the minimum cost at which anAmerican family, making average choices, canbe provided with a diet meeting recommendednutritional goals. Consequently, it is an overallstatistical yardstick which reflects the differentconsumption requirements of families of differentsize, taking into account family composition andfarm-nonfarm residence. Insofar as individualcircumstances or consumption patterns differ, thedollar value of the low-income threshold for agiven family size may not represent the moneyincome required by an individual family to main-tain a level of economic well-being equivalent toother families with similar incomes. For a de-tailed discussion of the low-income concept, seeCurrent Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 91,"Characteristics of the Low-Income Population:1972."

RELATED MATERIALS-

Current Population Survey

Office of Economic Opportunity Tabulations.The tabulations originally prepared for 0E0 basedon the March 1967 to 1973 Current PopulationSurveys contain more detailed cross-classifi-cations by age and other characteristics thanare shown in the consolidated tables presentedin this report. The complete contents of the OEOtables are outlined in appendix B. Following is alist of the tables and the years for which theyare available, as not all of the tables were tabu-lated for each year. Requests for further infor-mation about these tabulations as well as limitedrequests for copies should be made in writingto Chief, Population Division, Bureau of theCensus, Washington, D.C. 20233.

2

LIST OF 0E0 TABLES BY YEARS AVAILABLE

TablesYears

availableTable

1. All Persons by Age, Sex, andFamily StatusRepeated by residence: 1966-72a) Farm-Nonfarm 1969-72b) Metropolitan-Nonmetropolitan 1969-72c) Ten Federal Regions 1969-72

2. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andYears of School Completed

3. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andWork Experience

1966-72

1966-72

4. Persons 14 Years aid Over by Age, 1966-72Sex, and Occupation of Longest Job

5. Persons Under 22 Years by Age, 1966-72Sex, Type of Family, and Educa-tional Attainment of Head

6. Persons 14 to 21 Years by Educa- 1966-72tional Attainment, Age, Sex, andMajor Activity in Survey Week

7. Persons in Families by Age, Sex, 1971-72Educational Attainment, WorkExperience, and Occupation ofLongest Job of Head

8. Families and Unrelated Individ- 1971-72uals by Type and Amount ofIncome and Sex of Head

9. Persons 14 Years and Over byAge, Sex, Family Status, andIndustry of Longest Job

1971-72

Note: Tables 1 through 9 (without residence;are repeated for:

Between 100 and 125 Percent ofthe Poverty Level 1969-72

Between 125 and 150 Percent ofthe Poverty Level 1969-72

Current Population Survey Reports. A detailedexplanation of the low-income concept appears inCurrent Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 28,"Revision in Poverty Statistics, 1959 to 1968."

A detailed description of the original povertyindex developed by the Social Security Adminis-tration appears in the following articles by MollieOrshansky published in the Social SecurityBulletin: "Counting the Poor: Another Look atthe Poverty Profile,' January 1965, and in "Who'sWho Among the Poor: A Demographic View ofPoverty," July 1965.

Data on poverty based on the original povertydefinition appear in Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No, 54, "The Extent of Poverty inthe United States: 1959 to 1966." Comprehensivedata and analysis of poor persons and familiesbased on the revised definition of poverty appearin Series P-60, No. 68, "Poverty in the UnitedStates, 1959 to 1968;" P-60, No. 76; "24 MILLIONAMERICANS, Poverty in the United States: 1969;"P-60, No. 81, "Characteristics of the Low-IncomePopulation: 1970;" P-60, No. 86, "Characteristicsof the Low-Income Population: 1971;" and P-60,No. 91, "Characteristics of the Low-IncomePopulation: 1972." Data based on the CurrentPopulation Survey showing the distribution offamilies and persons, by income levels, appearin the other P-60 reports, the latest of whichis P-60, No. 90, "Money Income in 1972 ofFamilies and Persons in the United States.'

Decennial Census

Low-income data collected in the 1970 Censusof Population appear in a number of publishedreports. Selected characteristics of low-incomepersons, families, and unrelated individuals,for the United States, each of the States, counties,standard metropolitan statistical areas, urbanizedareas, and urban places are presented in 1970Census of Population, Vol. I, Characteristics ofthe Population, chapter C, "General Social andEconomic Characteristics." Statistics on low-income status in 1969 of persons and familiesby detailed characteristics, including cross-classifications by race, age, weeks worked,education, type of family, etc., are presentedin 1970 Census of Population, Vol. I, Character-istics of the Population, chapter D, "DetailedCharacteristics," for some or all of the followingareas: United States, each of the States, andstandard metropolitan statistical areas of 250,000inhabitants or more. Further information iscontained in Data Access Description No. 29,Collection, Evaluation, and Processing SeriesCEP-7, "Low- Income Data from the 1970 Census."

Cross-classifications of low-income status in1969 for persons and families by detailed social,economic, and housing characteristics are pre-sented in 1970 Census of Population, Volunie IIReport PC(2)- 9A, "Low- Income Population."Tables are generally for the United States,although some are repeated for regions andmetropolitan- nonmetropolitan residence. Data onthe social, economic, and housing characteristicsof the low-income population residing in poverty

areas in the 50 largest cities can be found in 1970Census of Population, Volume 11 Report PC(2)-9B,"Low- Income Areas in Large Cities," and Supple-mentary Report PC(S1)-56, "Selected Character-istics of the Population in Low-Income Areas ofLarge Cities."

Statistics on income in 1969 collected in theCurrent Population Survey of March 1970 differfrom data for that year from the 1970 censusdespite the fact that the same basic concept wasused in both instances. In the first place, thesurvey data exclude the institutional population andmost members of the Armed Forces living on post.These two groups were included in the census.Secondly, college students are generally enumer-ated at their own homes in the Current PopulationSurvey and classified as family members, butwere enumerated at their college residence in thecensus, usually as secondary individuals. Thirdly,the small group of Current Population Surveyenumerators was more experienced and had moreintensive training and supervision than the largenumber of temporary census enumerators andmay have more often obtained more accurateanswers from respondents. Furthermore, ap-proximately 60 percent of the households wereself-enumerated in the 1970 census. Moreover,income data in the Current Population Survey arebased on responses to separate questions on eighttypes of income, as well as responses to additionalyes-no circles within 3 of these questions, whereasin the census only six questions were used,

In general, the number of persons and familiesbelow the low- income level reported in the censusis higher than that reported in the Current Popu-

3

lation Survey. The number of poor persons in the1970 census was 27.1 million compared to 24.1million derived from the March 1970 CurrentPopulation Survey. The comparable figures forlow-income families were 5.5 million and 5.0million, respectively.

For a more detailed discussion of the overallincome differences between the 197C -.ensus andthe Current Population Survey, see "PreliminaryEvaluation of 1969 Money Income Data Collectedin the 1970 Census of Population and Housing"by Mitsuo Ono, American Statistical AssociationProceedings of the Social Statistics Section, 1972.

Comparability of Data in Detailed Tablesof This Report With Corresponding Data

in Series P-60, Nos. 86 and 91

Data in this report differ from those in otherSeries P-60 reports in the following ways:

1, In this report, persons are classified bytheir own race, rather than by the race of thefamily head.

2. Data for income years 1969 and 1970are based on 1960 census population controlsand therefore differ from those shown in P-60,Nos. 86 and 91, which are b?sed on 1970 censuspopulation controls.

Also note that the source of the underlying0E0 tabulation for each detailed table in thisreport is listed on page 61 of appendix B.

4

Table 1. AGE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 197245,3,era 6 .9.60618 '4,4 ot %latch 40 t16 1.3 loa %ear 111 t attles exclude tinrel at ed 10,1t,1419nis tinder 14 4,enr0 9141.

11111,..., 11,11,111 11It1 a41,41449444 d 11.6,1 1,09 vs 1,1947 I 11 b.11.1,

t nder

14 .001

:I 1,4 5

Age, Vv.,. and 6,,97'2' I 1971' i 1974,

ALI 11,711,9j

1

Roth Sexes 4

7 9 1 8 1 . 0 0 1.

. 0 1 ,4 1,1 41 202, 149

3 yearsyear,

./4,. J4.,II.; 1,...,,

10; ,,,,,,, 1,7 j

,,4.9,4aI,,;,,,,

. 31,1 11 31,8:10 1 :12.8331.'1, N,...11,. . 4,305 j 8 .231, I 4.043

. 21.744 . 22,113 1 j 31,27469.731 .49,130 1 17,9341,!,I I I, ; 23,33 1 j

level.r 1-

1999 1,468 1,.,7 14644 1972' 1471. 19 711 19.49 19611 19 67

1

144 811 1417 .610 19 34 77

10, 127 10 1st, I'll,i

' 19.1,340 11, 190 15.559 21,281,

11.187 1,677 1,7711 1,757, 1,617

. .6.680 55, 111 : 5 1.3 78 .13,7,1. 3,001 3,061 : 4,0111 1,34'.

'12 .4196 32,961 : 12,7144 j 32.316 .1,791 .1,063 4.97,1 j .1.6947.9 10 7,7,04 7.60 1 7.314, 1,111 1.1447 1,120 1 1.1.61

20,572 211,1 11 : 19,4 32 19.061 2.8 12 2 ,5111 : 2,413

11.131 11,675: 12.0 74. 12 110 ji jj.r.j. 1'72" 7 1,642

22,4'34 I .629 1,674 1,651 ' I ,1;.1144:13 1 J 1,...c,1 j 1.4,444t3 , 4, ,s7m 9,709 41.3 24 9 ,31.4 : 917 924

sto to 61 viIr4. h 912 : 4,779 4, III 8.282 4,123 7,414 0 7.881 1.115 1,104 1,117 I 1.044

. 20.117 19,427 ; 19,211 : 15...,1 14 ,414 10 .2.i 4 17,937 3,734 lll 4,7119 1,747

,

.

truter .1 yea r 4 ,3 to 5 vvars ...

.19,0.41 , 99.132 j '14,220

3,361 5, 142 1,715 . 423

4 1.79 6 93,714 111,1 94 ,44,7414, 10,479 10.292

937 017, 824.6,15 7 6, 311,, 423 897

22 to Il vo4ra.

II And 15 ve4r8..16 to 21 ;46,8.. . ... 11 , 168 10.432 111,2 ,. 1 ; '1..1" ,1 ....II ' q 3149 9071 : 1.1.12 1,3112" 1,177 : 1 ..5321::

.. 1.216 .1.189 j 1 '195 I 1,1125 3,9-11 3,1839 3,723. 15,534, 19,206 ; 18,71', 16,769 111,760 ; 16,64 7 j 16,190 2,430 .. 1417 4 2.521 2 ,3897171 ':

,.,.,44 ! 27, 197 2,, .42,, 26.256 . 21,409 1,611 1.906 J 1,844 ' I .17',711 j

563 317 j 571 j

... 11,1,14 11,213 11,171 11,941 10,4/17 : 10,832 j 10,73 1 : 62., s2/4,

1,004, 1,742 ' 7,7)5 1, 7411 .1,631 j '1,552 : 1,178 330 353 :

.312324 j

329',III . 1,4164 4 3,916 3,091, 1,75) ; 3, 734t 3,719 391 1.14 j 39565 veara and VOr . 4, 1 III 8,172 ; 6,165 : 0.06'2 7,955 , 7,472 7,774 1,1196 1,211111 1,532 1,626

.

Velma le ,

106,168 ; 10.5,294 , 111 1,2 18 103,037 147,4419 J 100.861 49,637 11.256 1 1.811 ' 14,6374 .

1966

25,377 27,775 28,510

1,683 1,915

1,876 2,0815,145 5,3761,1131 1,1592,504 2.7424,567 4,9481,722 1.7571,011 1,1111,076 1,298

4,632 5,388

2,6462,2155,7541,2272,5665,2591,9061,0671,3355,114

10,793 11.813 12,225

858 993

9.12 1,0352,530 2,703

394 551

1,116 1,11111,61.1 1,911

1,49 669375 ! 392392 475

1,613 1,1167

1,0401,0822,839

5831,1222,061

. 755402492

1,849

13,978 . 1-4,578 15,951 16,295

793Inter 3 yea,- 5,4014 : 3,146 5,235 3 103 5,124 ; 1,23 7 5,172. 8517102.1.11 1,

825 .3 to 5 year8.. . . .. 1,941 , 4,77 5,2 10 5..168 5,715 ; 5,012 ' 6,013

...778 859' 611

425

6 I. 13 years..1 1 And 15 vears ....

.. 13,31,4 : 15,627 16,131 16,147 16,401' 114,115 15,916 2 ,3311 2,175777 2,160 2,298 2,96'163

.... 1,1.59 1,0.15 3.973 :1,902 3,8:18 : 3,7 1.1 3,609 516 526 55916 to 21 yoarst .. . . . .. I 11,1:26 I 11,402 1 I ,4102 11-1,772 141,632 j 16,111 10,010 1.62.0'1' 1,625 1 1,405 j 1,373 1,35422 to 14 yearm .... 31,1181 30,423 29,7211 29,183 i 28,392 : 28,122 ' 27,098 3,157 3,155 . 2,941 i 2,710 2,87315 to 5 1 year, ...... . .. .. 12,203 ; (2,142 12,1162 I 11,1172 I 11.414 : 11,149,1 11,148 1,003 1,1152. 1 0.13 . 1,017 1,073

5,272 5,255 j 7. ,178 3,4177 .1,9 77 .1,466 5o7 612 63/8 : 594 63760 to 61 vears., . ......... 1,799 1.711 1,318 j 1,423 4,328 4.2 14 : 4.172 J 735 7.73, 719 692 64565 7ear5 and over . I 11,777 11.555 11.1190 10,637 . 10.591 10,3771 10,153 2,6.12 2,983' 3,154 3 ,162 . 3,019

1

! i

w11171:1

.

1

,

84th Sexesi

i1

.

Total._ . . . ....... , 160.074 179,267 1 177.341 j 175,232 173,575 172,016 i 170,202 16.21-, 17,766 , 17,145j 16,662 17,361

1,091 I °74 9349160,742 1, 4,845 j 4,006 4,6822 8,915 : 9,315955 , 1,1118,5611 4,0411 1 4 , 284 9,766 j 10 136 10,39 7 1,1183 1,419 1

'1 t44 13 year, , 27,4121 : 27,833 j ""II 28,090 27,916 : 27,677 2,751 3,010 ' 2,992 2,827 3,0911.1 and 15 v.4:48. 7,044 7,4163 j 6,035 i 123 6,711 6,158 6,366 697 667 647 69516 to 21 years .. 14,588 19,251 , 18,3111 I 17,764 17, 162 17,236 16,616 1,700 1.965 1,590 1,651.. .....22 to .14 year8.. 51 1:6, '19,1172 . .141, I 17 .17,367 . 3.360 3,512 3.338 2,976 3.117..... .. .13,206.15 10 51 Vl,r, ,i .01, 20.971 1 29.1,21 . 20.739 211,516 211298 24.0.16 . 1 .71771,717 1,00 1,130 . 1,157 1,21955 t0 31 v4,31-a.. . . 9,186 9,117 j 9,060 4 49)11 4,74', 5,616 j 4,19.1 714 6113 7.1960 to 44 v.....,,..4 7,974 j 7,64,6 j 7,162 7,717 7,2112 ' 7,180 917 . 458 85465 year. and over.. ... 18.310 18,1417 , 17,651 17,370 17,1162 111,751 16,5141 3.072 3.605 3,44.1 .1,052 3,1139

, .

Male :.

.'

4 ,

j4

7,135 7,357 6,997 7,221....... 87,143 47,27,4 80,27) : 03,044 . 14,1, no 83.52 1 : 82,65" 6,1156

Under 3 Year, 7,311, 1,3112 1 1,544 j 1,1115 1,146 ' 1.563 jjj 1,781 481 145 j 4613 t,4 I yea,- .. ... 1,302 .1,379 1, 130 ! 1,716 1,997 j 5,186 1 5,326 .141

75,74741

531 ;:!'1"11 5646 to 13 year, 13,163 ; 13,741 11,197 1 1,24 1 11,316 , 11,263 ; 11,1147, 1,41,1 1,540 1,523 1,16754 1,4901 1 And I'. 4,804 ..... .. . ... 3,613 3,595 3,526 3,170 1,1113 j 3.323 I 3.228

41,647 .338 351329

9.163 4,901 j 4,1711 8,262 j 4,163 j 7,4117 872 756 604 75922 to 11 Yea, 26,296 21,473 25,111 j 21,49 1 23,454 23, 13 7 j 23,1131 7,33'' 1,460 1,169 1,224

.139

7.27717723

10,134 j 111.117 10.10:1 j 10,1121 9,9044 1 9,418 I '1,711 417 I 47255 to 36 year. ....... .

I .11;" 1,11,1 1,111 ; 1,270 1,2116 ; .1.137 ; 1,067 264 2772323.11,3,571 1 3,325 3.462 j 3, 113 j 3,380 245 352 296

65 yea ra 111,1 over. 7,370 ' 7,111 7,17o j 7,301 7,2,11 : 7.21" i 7,111 452 1,1137 1,273 1,333 1,324

Tot417. . ......l'nder 3 1,14r,....

1 1 .091 11 year0. .

42 to 11 year8. ..15 to 1 1 1444, ..

tr, Voarg1I, 131 year

95 year.; and over.. . .

ji I

1

j I J

i(42, 162 91.971 4,1.073 ; "0,136 89,302 84,4 73 1 .47,578 9,5 14 10,3 13 111,120 9,657

1,136 1,2411 .1,316 1 .1,202 .1,232 1,351 ; 1,56.1 1741 500 174 .1251,141 1.141 ' 1,339 I 4,115 .1,769 : 1,949 5.072 477 5114 465 145

11,933 11,229 13,636 j 13,719 11,169' 13,733 j, 13,391 1,3311 1,512 1..171 1,3583,150 3,130 3,391 I 3372 3,291 j 3,2211 1 21,113 :121 310 329 3269 ,4441 9,747 0,1441 9 .,6 6 41,1411 4 0 76 4,711 1,015 1,14') 916 903

27.000 26,561 26,1123 21,601 23, 179 24,704 21,536 2,1121 2,1152 2,023 1,806111,878 111,458 14,019 10,731 1,1,607 10,1110 111,335 682 751 1401 696

1,420 1,774 .1,7.17 1,679 1,194 1,5114 .1,117 131 150 132 4,11

-1,211,1 1.27.1 1,121 1,037 3,932 3,1176 I 3,804 373 365 565 34410,7611 111,576 10,214 4,'l10 9,7.1 9 ,5 70 9,372 2.219 2,564 2,710 2,719

See 1344,94.44: 11 .nd of 0.0514..

10,132

470

549

1,601

337891

1,892

747

472559

2,615

922

1,0462,672597

1,5583,004

1,089719

024

3,520

18,989

1,133

1,209

3,165706

1.8163,3171,165833

1,001

4,646

1,007

1,1322,913

6281,4443,1971,151685843

3,265

19,247

1,191

1,2603,418

7651,651

3,4701,294803

1,0374,357

7,902 8,166

600587

1,597331

765

1,373467

287

354

1,541

17,076

531

622

1,568365

1,051

1,9446975466.17

3,105

599621

1,728367727

1,409530309355

1,521

11,071

591640

1,691,

386924

2,062764494682

2,836

Table 1. AGE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued10u1sts,-, III .11 sts 1,1 ..114 ..1 r1 I 0. 15 tr. .511 1 .,,- 1 t tql Hst vIdto...11, 11 v1,11, ti .

.: I 431 ..1 s 11st,

01,1,11,

1,10 is

4131,

5

I1.1.,u . ... 11111,111 le..5.1

1- 1- i nI,

*

1721171 1,1711 140,1 l'..18 1.1117. 1shi. 1.72' 1.711 1.71, 1...,.. 1,,,,, 1 1.1,7 istoi

7 ..II, ,,s, 2'1 .2".'II' 7.7- 1.1 7.'3:5.1,

7.1,11

.::712144-i01 '. :

0,1107

1 17. 1,471 I ,r,,,h1.6.1 1,71. 1,771 1 7h..1 ."' hIt.1. 10.1 :

1, .1,

'I

I. :16' ,.,°' i 1,4110:1 1.701 1 ,h7:.":1' 1 ,'7::2, 1.'62 1 '2.113 2 , s'2,134:44;1.31: I 1,3 15

1,1 11.1.1, 1.113 1,1172 1..112 I ,...1 61 112., I..' I. 7 11,, 1 II. 1H

1 6711.1,1:::

2. s2. 2,11,2 2 4,7440 l ,',: 1 'II I 071. 7.3 S.3'6.1.11 h.110 ,0.1 1,1.2 1, I,5 I .3.1", , 1,2.7 1,350' 1,057

'2:0171

2.171 2,1 11 2,1,1 2,0 PI 1,7 1

..';:i"I'

lh 11

h:1702.-1.2'i71I. 60.1

00.1 41,1 00, I MIS .. V/ i 2.1774 h Is h Is 21'. 217, 251

1,5.1 I , 12'3 1.171 1,371 1.311 1,311:1.311 , ',WI ,,5, ' 71',750

1

i 1

!

I

1,1,717 P., 1.3 111,22. 1.1.1,,i

1 II 321 .470 : 383!

1,0.1

7.5712 ms;1127 n',I.

.37

.7503 , m ,3 1 32' 1 'I 1.

11 its! I , v.,:-. .

.

.. I

2,1.1'

1,335 1.250 1,211 1,14., I .1.17 : I.... iH.

2,231 7,17. ' 3,4151 ,s7 '4.1 1.1 1514! 211 ' 2.1

II 1

..112 17 :

I/..

1

N0,:. ,II,

21,

5.1 1 :1 ! , .171,

,77 s7 6., I.. 1 . 271 I

11.1

2:11:::127.t

:2:1:II'

77

.21,1::

..... 72 !

22 11. II .,, 3r-,. ... ,s7

.2.7,7". I,

' ', 1.1 i.15 .1'32 . s3, i II..

II k

123

17,117 )171

1,7 14, 3.1

1.1.1 ,

'fl 70 1.11 ''1

I

3 to '. ,,,,-, ... . 1

7011

12.1"''

711s

12 ,...2 11,..,4 ! 11.761 11,337 11.35. , 11.1:711:2P Ii1: 1,151 4,2.3 1,321, 1,11 1,:..2',71,.I. 1.722

77, . 4j,. :

712 .22 !

1.1

.21,..31,

1116 : .3) 0144 III,671 .. 1 572 '

31:1

253

.:111,71, .',.., : I ,,i',177'31

1,S.

1,1 ::'17- 2,2 ,....3,1

6 4,, 13 ....,..1 I and 15 year.. ...

2.157 1.1S5 : 7,271 2.241, 2.214 , 2,1.5 , 2,1151

3,5.12 3. 1.111 1,290 3.:211{, 3.120 , 3,1.5 1 3,1143 1 1,11.11 1 ,'1"1"1.131 1. 10% 1 . 10 1 1,341 1,1'1'2'1'1 i 1,262 1 1,2..11

-451 535 534 . ',21 77- 155 1 212'2.: :Ill'll

n 1..'1.1,',

I..1311

1.2/ 2'111 I , :11,1271121/

1,11:1:6,,

1,1177

1,151 1,165 1,153 1,137. 1,1,1 ' 1.1.111 1,11.11 311.1)3 Ihl 177

2..1,:i. '2:47:::1' 11, .50

11

35,1 34.1 ' 3 15sIA,. I 121 I, I IS 15. L

171 1

:111

1-,,o,11 I :31

3IS11.1 171 UCH

..11.1

7, 71. I 7 "1 1.7 As.] 121. H. 3..1 1111

12,11 17.2

1211

153

t ,1 1 °stn.], 15,4 rnp .r.011. 4,, rt 1t, ,..1 tor. S... lags "I tor 'Sri 4014 ('fl,I30115 ,15,1 sp...., I 1 Ind 15 y-ars .

SOTE 1/3I,, t is. -Ind 1.1.15 Is 1.1,% 41,. 11, I., HI,. .:s, 15.1 r ..1 I an Is- 1.1tnrl In l'urrt.r11.P.ptil .1, lip )04 , 1 r1, 0., S8 31,1 .1. II, 74... .1. S., ,111,1 "1 , I ,,.1 .

6

Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972

1

kirk experience of person

ALL RACES

14 years and over

Total

19721

1154,466

XorkNd 98,917Full "me 77,703

50 to 52 weeks . 55,21140 to 49 weeks 6,490 1

27 to 39 weeks 5,10126 weeks or less 10,901

Part time 21,214 '

50 to 52 weeks 6,96140 to 49 weeks .. 2,08127 to 39 weeks . . 2,41126 seeks or leas 9,762

Did not cork ...... .... ... ....... 54,571Main reason for not working:

Ill or disabled. 6,873Keeping house 26.062Going to school . 12,320Unable to find cork .

1,042

Other ... . . .. .... 958

Retired. . .. . 7,306

In Armed Forces. 978

22 to 64 years

Total 103,246

Worked 76,881Full time. 66,989

30 to 52 week., ...... 50,934 1

40 to 49 weeks 5,60327 to 39 weeks I, 3,97626 weeks or less 6,475

Part time 9,89250 to 52 weeks 3,77640 to 49 weeks 1,121

27 to 39 weeks. 1,23426 weeks or less 3,760 :

Old not work 25,514Main reason for not working:

i

Ill or disabled , 3,609 ,

Keeping house . 19,304 1

Going to school 711 1

Unable to find cork .586 I

Retired. 772 1

Other1In Armed Forces :3541 1

1111111.T.

14 years and over

Total. 73,571

Worket 58,194Full time 50,082

50 to 52 weeks .. 38,23441 to 49 weeks 4,022

27 to 39 weeks 2,749

26 weeks or less 5,076

Part time 8,11250 to 52 weeks 2,70740 to 49 weeks 744

27 to 39 weeks R79

26 weeks or less 3,782

Did not cork 14,298Main reason for not working:

111 or disabled. 2,896Going to school 5,744Unable to fled work 1 458

Retired 4,814Other 487

In Armed Forces. I 978

See footnotes at end of table.

(Numbers in thousands Persons ad of March of the following year)

152,034 )48,241 145,304 142,497 140,102 137,540 16,393

97,212 95,447 94,760 93,374 91,383 89,2121 6,32975,555 74,574 74,403 73,9831 72,352 70,6991 3,89853,220 51,997 52,733 52,435 51,836 50,175 1 1,5246,284 6,867 6,840 6,565 6,181 6,285 3215,243 5,264 4,544 4,507 4,473 4,294 45310,708 10,445: 10,287 1 10,476 9,862 9,946 1,59021,657 21,373 : 20,357 19,391 19,032 10,513 2,4317,244 6,814 6,737 6,383 6,340', 0,113 6132.148 2,160 1,911 1,939 1,639, 1,664 1922,515 2,471 2,431 2,116 2,171' 1,929 2719,750 9,929 9,279 8,952 8,882 8,807 1,355

53,631 51,120 49,383 48,095 47,651 47,357 10,034

6,256 : 6,257 ' 5,792 4,899, 5,212 4,848 2,37626,320 25,366 25,267 25,655. 25,685 26,095 3,91311,954 . 11,042 1 10,483 10,0591 9,745, 9,607 2,0181,093 795 : 490 493', 563 542 326

1,059 ', :

7 ' 669 1 7,351351 6,988 , 6,446 6,2641,177

225

6 948 1

1,191 1,164 1 1,161 1,02H 1,0681 971 30

101,617 1 99,629: 97,893 96,0081 94,425

75,505 1 74,560 : 73,347 72,028' 70,552

65,288 1 64,569 1 63,950 63,021 1 61,617

49,368 1 48,302 1 48,902 48,241 1 47,554

5,541 1 6,0471 5,938 5,7241 5,349

4,142 1 4,197 , 3,502 3,593' 3,542

6,237 1 6,024 : 5,609 5,463, 5,17010,217 1 9,990 , 9,397 9,008, 8,935

3,921 1 3,6511 3,499 3,360: 3,4461,178 1 1,133 1 994 1,070'; 884

1,311 1 1,295 , 1,231 1,0941 1,102

3,807 1 3,911 3,673 3,482, 3,504

25,085 1 24,061 23,584 23,095'

1

3,255 , 2,9701 2,69919,364 18,936 1 111,995

620 ' 519 474

559 391 1 227

664 :619 j 1,245 1,190

1,026 1 1,010'

ITotal

---

1971' 1971 1969 1968 1967 , 1966 197211

f

2,255118,981!

489.241 1

93,164 )

69,09560,20346,1565,4413,3975,2088,8923,323

982981

3,60623,249

8,672 I

4,272

3,0011,3351271

3461,04',

1,271360110

16(1

6364,377

2,3961 2,322 1,29719,143 19,259 2,452

4611 536 154

249, 284 204

.(1,0281 763 847123

148

962 884, 860, 821 21

72,4691 70,592 69,027 67,608 : 66,518 65,310 6,094

57,303 1 56,265' 55,700 55,095 54,412 53,391 3,29348,8901 48,176 47,875 47,676 46,997 46,156 2,307

36,868', 36,193, 37,055 37,099 36,695 36,164 1,0774,036, 4,311 4,150 3,935 3,756 3,900 2202,851 , 2,8511 2,235 2,104 2,168 1,958 274

5,135'' 4,822 4,435 4,538' 4,358 4,234 7368,412 ' 8,089' 7,825 7,419 7,415 7,235: 9862,829. 2,790, 2,684 2,646 2,562 2,581 260

802:. 735 1 684 655 570 587 85893 i 876 ; 882 755 809 702 113

3,888 3,688 1 3,576 3,363 3,454 3,365 52813,975 13,162 : 12,166 11,484 11,039. 10,948 2,771

.

, 2,779 1 2,706 I 2,481 I 2,155 2,215 2,239 9295,455 4,993 1 4,658 1 4,323 4,094 4,092 958

444 , 373 I172 195 239' 191 145

: 4,65011 1

9 4,857 4,811 4,491 4,427 ft.622

: 647 0 ' 109

1 1,191 : 1,164 1 1,161 1,028 1,0671 971 30

17,197 16,981 16,288

6,836 6,716 6,469

4,035 3,957 3,860

1,682 1,624 1,671

304 393 380

421 ! 407 3751,628 1,533 1,434

2,801, 2,759 1 2,608

830 781 759

212 188 179

302 319 242

1,456 1 1,471 1,427

10,585 10,194 9,748

2,316 2,5174,277 4,0471,801 1,699

347 2521,295

248)1

1

680 1,737

76 . 71 71

1971' 1970

8,892

,5543,0851,463

268

3211,0341,469

495127

177

670

4,294

1,209 1,1652,481 2,358

123 119

210 143

137 )134

304

43 40

6,476 6,481

3,581 1.4922,388 2,3431,166 1,130216 242239 237767 734

1,193 1,150342' 328106 83128 139616 600

2,819 2,917

956

830

138

770

125

76

Below liw-income level

1--1969 1 1968

2,345

3,893

1,596

177

8,564 8,027 8,376 i 9,114

,4333,0161,421

333329933

1,417434112207665

4,090

1,059783125

949

71

4,297

2,916

1,455

326

208

82,

1,381

434

111

157

675

3,688

1,056

2,169

104

93

263

42

6,204

3,359

2,242

1,181

230

214

618

1,116

297

80

108

631

2,774

993

710

53

1,018

71

16,673 18,403

7,146 7,929

4,480 4,941

2,126 2,271

424 513

451 5021,478 1,5572,666 2,988

827 955

182 214

204 297

1,454 1,5229,463 10,396

1,956 2,242

4,124 4,5721,490 1,514

162 188

1,730 1,881 1,763

64

4,6283,3661,843

361368795

1,2:1

106115609

3,698

9052,348

10284

261

49

6,465

3,7292,6061,459264214670

1,1223716988

5932,672

84663772

1,116

64

1987

7H

5,2183,729

2,034

425

3114

883

1,489

543

121175

649

3,847

9692,479

98

94

208

50

7,090

4,161

2,934

1,664

291

276

7041,226

397

70

116

644

2,852

1968

18,494

8,0855,1192,489

545

540

1,5362,966

894

226

259

1,58710,341

2,0274,6921,645

215

69

9,587

5,5273,9832,160

468

461

895

1,544526

161

147

710

4,006

959

2,528124126

269

55

7,270

4,2812,9831,742

337

277

826

1,298406

99

107

686

2,921

924 947608 64093 77

1,237 1,256

78 69

Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

Work experience 01 person1972.

ALL RACES--1ontinued

Ma)e--Continued

22 to 64 years

Total .

worked 45,897Full time .......... 43,1465

50 to 52 seeks 36,59440 to 49 weeks 3,49427 to 39 weeks. 2,12026 weeks or less. 2,659

Part time 2,03250 to 52 weeks ......... . . 76540 to 49 weeks 26027 to 39 weeks

. . .. 27026 weeks or less . 736

Did not workeaMain rson f. n0 t working:

3,092

Iii or disabled 1,668

Going to scho.,1 367

Unable to (Ina ,,k 248

Retired . 503

Other 305

In Armed Forces ........ 951

Female

14 yearn and over

Total. 89,846

worked 40,723Full time 27,621

50 to 52 weeks. 16.97640 to 49 weeks 2,46827 to 39 weeks 2;35226 weeks or less. ....... 5,825

Part time. .............. ........ 13,10250 to 52 weeks .......... 4,25340 to 49 seeks 1,33727 to 39 weeks 1,53226 weeks or less 5,980

Did not work 4)1 ,173

Malt reason for not working:Ill or disabled 3,977

,ee9,0i house. .......... 26,062Going to school 6,586Unable to find work 584

Retired . 2,492Other ...... 971

22 to 64 years

Total 53,407

Worked 30,983Full time 23,123

50 to 52 weeks 15,34040 to 49 weeks %,10927 to 39 seeks 1,857

26 weeks or less 3 816Port time 7,860

50 to 52 weeks 3,01240 to 49 weeks ........ . 860

27 to 39 weeks 965

26 seeks or less 3,024

Did not 22,425

Main reason for working:111 or disabled 1,942

Keeping house... .......... . 19,3)14

Going to school 343

Unable t,. fled work 3'19

Retired.. 268

Other .... . 230


1971. 1970

49,068 48,955

Total

1969

47,139

45,081 44,388 I 43,827

42,983 42,496 42(15234,543 33,965 34,8403,563 3,857 3,6652,251 2,302 1,739

2,625 2,373 1,918

2,098 1,892 1,675001 702. 653

275 203 177

273 , 270 245749 I 634. 597

2,961 2,656 2,351

1,690 1,394 1,289

323 276 256

180 145 51

448 1845 765

409

1,026 1,010 962

79,565

39,!-09

26,6,516,353

2,3412,391

5,57313,244

4,4151,3451,62215,862

39,655

3,47726,3206,300

649

77,649

39,682126,397115,9052,556 1

2,4135,623 :

13,264 l

4,023

1,425 1

1,59516,241 i

37,9671

3 55025,3666

422!

2 4912,28 11 2,579

j

76,277

39,06026,52815,678

2,6902,3095,851

12,532

4,0531,2271,5495,703

37,217

3,312

25,2675,825

319

2,495

52,549 $2,574 50,754

30.42622,30714,8251,9781,8913,6128,11913,120

9061,0363,057

22,123

1,65719,364

298311

213211

30,171 1 29,52222,1)72! 21,798

14,336) 14,0612,190 I 2,2741,894 1,7723,6521 3,6918,098' 7,7242,8691 2,845

931 8161,0241 9663,277! 3,976

21,403: 21,232

1,576! 1,42016,9361 18,995

243 218247 176

401 424

7

1968 1967

1

1966 1 19721 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

46,193 45,409 44,729, 3,189 3,329 3,179 3,009 3,110 3,479 3,711

43,225 42,708 42,027 2,254 2,367 2,278 2,200 2,353 2,724 2,871

41,575 41,025 40,310 1,836 1,869 1,823 1,749 1,994 2,302 2,37134,629 34,174 33,7531 960 1,028 993 1,028 1,282 1,455 1,531

3,479 3,315 3,341: 187 190 203 199 222 261 291

1,664 1,750 1,546' 214 184 199 184 175 218 231

1,805 1,788 1,670 476 465 426 339 313 368 31E

1,650 1,662 1,7171 418 498 455 451 358 422 49E

676 700 702 120 152 133 119 113 148 171

190 156 210 43 59 40 47 29 34 61

191 209 180 61 73 88 68 42 61 51

595 616 625 192 215 196 215 172 180 20E

2,084 1,850 1,861, 916 921 861 768 707 706 771

1,174 1,130 1,144 563 583 537 527 461 476 50:

182 181 187 92 64 66 63 53 48 4f

75 86 62 90 84 62 23 33 40 3E

652 45495

466 (75

103

81

)196 153 159 141 181

884 851 820 21 43 40 42 49 50 5:

71,889 73,584 72,220 10,299 10,721 10,500 10,084 10,208 11,313 11,22)

38.279 36,971 35,821 3,036 3,255 3,223 3,110 3,417 3,768 3,80(

26,307 25,355 24,543 1,590 1,647 1,614 1,618 1,873 2,007 2,13(

15,336 15,141 14,010 457 515 494 490 667 705 741

2,630 2,425 2,485 101 88 152 150 161 222 20E

2,404 2,286 2,336 179 182 170 161 238 227 27:

5,938 5,504 5,712 854 861 799 816 808 853 91(

11,972 11,617 11,278 1,446 1,608 1,609 1,492 1,544 1,761 1,661

3,737 3,757 3,532 353 488 453 462' 456 558 48E

1,285 1,069 1,077 106 106 105 99 112 144 12(

1,361 1,362 1,228 159 173 180 134 116 181 15:

5,589 5,428 5,441 827 840 871 797 860 879 901

36,610 36,613 36,409 7,263 7,466 7,277 6,974 6,791 7,544 7,42(

2,744 2,998 2,609 1,447 1,360 1,457 1,352 1,110 1,318 1,07E

25,656 25,685 26,095 3,923 4,277 4,047 3,893 4,124 4,571 4,691

5,736 5,651 5,516 1,062 972 916 886 853 905 1,00:

298 324 352 181 209 127 124 90 106 131

2,177 1,955 1,837 ( 544116 123

731} 719 614 644 501

49,815 49,015 48,435 5,481 5,562 5,384 5,017 5,268 5,633 5,871

219,803 .7,844 27,067 2,020 2,187 2,156 2,097 2,277 2,493 2,65:

21,446 20,591 19,891 1,166 1,216 1,194 1,167 1,371 1,426 1,60)

13,612 13,380 12,403 378 436 428 429 560 579 63(

2,247 2,035 2,100 84 79 129 129 138 165 171

1,928 1,793 1,850 135 135 129 124 193 166 221

3,659 3,383 3,539 571 558 507 487 480 515 571

7,358 7,254 7,176 854 971 962 929 904 1,066 1,041

2,685 2,747 2,621 240 343 302 315 317 395 35'

882 729 772 66 68 71 64 79 90 9:

994 893 799 163 104 121 88 74 114 9E

2,889 2,986 2,993 444 455 468 461 437 468 50:

21,012 21,171 21,367 3,462 3,376 3,229 2,921 2,992 3,141 3,22

1,183 1,266 1,179 735 625 628 530 444 492 45:

18,982 19,144 19,260 2,452 2,481 2,358 2,169 2,348 2,480 2,521

306 280 350 62 59 52 41 49 50 7:

166 165 202 114 124 81 70 49 54 EC

376 3119 380 f 5'34

110 109 101 66 8:47 52

8

Table r. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

work experience of person

Tatc.1 Below low-income level

1972' 19711 1971) 1969 1969

.

1967 1966 1972' 19711 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

NEGRO

Both Sexes

14 years and over

Total 15,816 15,469 14,637, 14,479 14,091 13,779 13,484 4,530 4,347 4,350 4,056 4,211 4,737 4,911

Worked 9,492 9,483 9,407 9,576 9,587 9,358 9,055 1,714 1,844 1,899 1,945 2,262 2,552 2,751Full time 7,593 7,321 7,321 7.463 7,465 7,236 6,931 967 1,024 1,041 1,103 1,344 1,518 1,681

50 to 52 weeks 5,100 4,711 4,676 4.715 4 765 4,648 4,310 384 400 380 431 613 697 81,40 to 49 weeks 619 680 761 796 790 785 810 70 81 133 112 140 180 19127 to 39 weeks 527 660 619 556 605 538 56U 96 116 115 103 157 160 18126 weeks or 1e8 s 1,346 1,270 1,245 1,396 1,305 1,266 1,251 417 428 413 457 434 486 491

Part time 1,899 2,162 2,086 2,112 2,123 2,122 2,12 747 820 859 841 918 1,034 1,07050 to 52 weeks 590 680 620 672 581 680 687 161 233 216 230 215 320 30140 to 49 weeks 163 171 196 193 215 176 176 64 38 69 61 73 68 8127 to 39 weeks 183 229 228 206 167 198 181 73 90 99 55 59 94 8126 weeks or lees. .... 964 1,074 1,041 1,041 1,160 1,068 1,080 449 458 476 496 571 553 601

Did cot work 6,256 5,919 5,3381 4,824 4,453 4,366 4,363 2,811 2,496 2,444 2,109 1,939 2,175 2,152Main reason for not working!

III or disabled 1,399 1,331 1,257 1,139 922 934 905 759 717 767 656 514 595 581Keeping house 1,864 1,843 1,624 1,554 1,555 1,573 1,564 862 787 669 641 632 757 72iGoing to school . . . ...... .. 2,116 1,935 1,748 I,f66 1,389 1,281 1,350 839 706 705 574 529 532 571Unable to find work ...... . 322 268 219 136 112 167 145 160 115 111 74 59 67 76Retired .

Other.447

108

392151

490 . 430 476 410144{46

112191 165 206 203 190

In Armed Forces 69 67 91 78 51 54 66 5 7 7 2 9 9 6

22 to 64 years

Total 10,204 9,952 9,6891 9,490 9,254 9,107 8,985 2,447 2,401 2,349 2,200 2,306 2,689 2,843

Worked 7,517 7,407 7,373 7,438 7,299 7,206 7,062 1,166 1,263 1,267 1,328 1,476 1,728 1,909

Full time 6.515 6,289 6,270 6,275 6,176 6,051 5,846 753 808 794 842 986 1,152 1,31250 to 52 weeks 4,709 4,370 4,334 4,332 4,366 4,239 3,9551 344 361 359 389 543 608 713

40 to 49 week. 546 604 713 719 668 719 728 63 76 121 106 114 158 169

27 to 39 weeks 437 519 492 442 498 424 474 81 86 83 94 126 117 151

26 weeks or less 827 795 729 782 644 669 688 263 285 230 252 201 268 272

Part time 1,000 1,118 1,103 1,161 1,125 1,155 1,217 411 455 473 485 491 575 594

50 to 52 weeks 399 460 413 463 367 475 472 112 169 151 165 151 223 202

40 to 49 weeks. 104 116 1341 118 146 125 136 39 28 54 43 52 46 64

27 to 39 weeks 113 149 144 127 97 131 116 48 65 69 38 36 70 59

26 weeks or lees 383 393 417 456 515 424 494 209 195 196 243 252 236 268

Did not work 2,625 2,489 2,2321 1,985 1,908 1,855 1,867 1,277 1,132 1,075 871 820 951 934

Main reason for not working:111 or disabled 822 763 7221 580 517 468 470 459 427 439 326 274 309 297

Keeping house 1,381 1,380 1,218 1,201 1,165 1,188 1,190 621 577 500 481 453 545 533

Going to school 121 99 67 55 73 56 74 44 34 35 22 23 20 30

Unable to find work 176 118 :00 58 64 67 67 92 56 54 37 34 40 40

Retired 61 33 30 a

Other 66 95123

)91 86 77 66 (

30 3145 25 33 37 34

In Armed Forces 62 57 84 65 47 46 54 5 5 6 2 9 9 4

1"1.2

14 years and over

Total 7,200 7,041 6,796 6,637 6,456 6,318 6,198 1,661 1,582 1,656 1,544 1,648 1,870 1,950

Worked 5,066 5,092 5,015 5,110 5,101 5,017 4,870 781 831 898 895 1,050 1,224 1,323

Full time 4,299 4,250 4,240 4,317 4,324 4,187 4,064 477 538 562 573 707 832 897

50 to 52 weeks 3,033 2,882 2,881 2,994 3,004 2,930 2,822 209 238 234 267 373 440 519

40 to 49 weeks 370 402 457 459 467 455 487 43 52 82 56 85 103 110

27 to 39 weeks 257 364 319 251 277 264 260 58 69 62 47 62 70 87

26 weeks or lege 639 601 583 613 576 539 494 168 178 164 203 187 216 161

Part time 767 842 774 793 777 830 806 304 293 335 322 344 392 426

50 to 52 week, 194 237 201 203 l',1 241 244 60 71 76 60 57 113 110

40 to 49 weeks 74 66 69 74 61 49 52 28 15 30 31 21 17 30

27 to 39 weeks 63 66 71 91 69 71 54 24 26 33 23 25 29 28

28 weeks or lees 436 473 434 425 476 469 456 192 18^ 196 208 240 233 258

Did not work 2,065 1,882 1,690 1,449 1,304 1,247 1,262 874 751 647 588 636 621

Main reason for not working:111 or disabled 558 530 473 438 348 361 J 290 268 269 252 212 238

22118Going to school 993 870 782 679 588 530 '71 405 323 331 262 215

Unable to find work 133 96 98 46 46 67 39 49 37 43 23 26 'T7 20

Retired 15367 283 102834

Other 103338

)287 323 290 285{

28 } 108 110 135 150 138

In Armed Force. 69 67 91 78 51 54 66 5 7 7 2 9 9 8


9

Table 2. WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER AND 22 TO 64 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

Work experience of person

Total

1971'

II

Below low-income

1970 1969

level

1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1968 1967 1966

NEGRO-Continued

Male-Continued

22 to 64 yeas

Total 4,598 4,481 4,393 4,320 4,206 4,137 4,095 776 743 760 742 177 947 1,044

Worked 3,966 3,922 3,871 3,921 3,857 3,815 3,758 493 513 544 569 608 768 857Full time. 3,700 3,644 3,627 3,641 3,612 3,533 3,471 379 406 422 432 502 631 70150 to 52 weeks 2,791 2,874 2,662 2,752 2,779 2,670 2,598 187 214 216 239 326 380 45840 to 49 weeks 327 359 419 407 393 429 438 40 47 74 52 67 98 9927 to 39 week, 213 280 252 194 229 200 224 51 49 48 46 44 49 7526 weeks or less 369 331 294 288

j. 4

233 210 102 97 82 96 62 105 70Part time 266 278 244 280 245 282 286 114 107 122 137 106 137 15350 to 52 weeks 90 104 86 90 62 111 31 35 42 33 26 59 5240 to 49 weeks 35 34 33 74 28 T 31 13 8 20 21 13 7 2227 to 39 weeks 22 34 , 30 41 28 35 28 9 17 17 13 11 19 IR26 weeks or leas 119 109 : 94 117 128 98 117 63 47 41 71 59 53 67

Old not workeaMain rson for not working:

j 571 501 439 333 302 27u 283 276 226 210 171 160 170 182

III or disabled , 346 327 279 234 192 186 212 182 170 154 135 115 122 142Going to school 61 52 37 26 27 18 21 28 13 21 15 8 4 9

Unable to find work............ 69 27 32 11 26 ' 20 14 25 14 i 9 9 15 15 10

Retired 45 26l2221

8Other 49 68

92 62 57 49 37 f 2518

113 22 27 22

In Armed Forces)

62 57 84 65 47 46 54 5 5 6 2 9 9 4

Female

14 years and over

)

Total 8,616 8,428 , 8,041 7,841 , 7,636 7,461 7,286 2,868 2,766 2,894 2,512 2,563 2,867 2,982

WorkedI 4,425 4,391 r 4,392 4,466 4,487 4,341 4,185 931 1,014 1,002 1,050 1,212 1,328 1,433

Fell time 3.293 3,071 ) 3,081 3,146 3,141 3,049 2,867 489 487 478 530 637 687 78950 to 52 weeks 2,067 1,829 1,795 1,721 1,760 1,718 1,488 175 :62 146 164 240 253 29540 to 49 weeks 249 278 : 324 337 323 330 323 27 29 50 56 55 77 8227 to 39 weeks 270 297 300 305 328 274 300 38 47 52 56 95 89 9426 weeks or less 707 668 662 733 729 727 757 2, 249 229 254 247 267 318

Part time 1,132 1,320 1,311 1,320 1,346 1,293 1,318 , 527 523 520 575 642 64450 to 52 weeks.. ... 397' 452 420 469 410 440 043 162 139 171 158 207 19040 to 49 weeks 89

11r7

120 154 128 l".4 t. 23 38 30 52 51 5027 to 39 weeks Ira120 116 98 127 A 64 66 31 34 15 6126 weeks or lees 527 601 607 616 684 599 624 .57 277 280 288 331 320 342

Did not work 4,191 4,037 3,648 3,375 3,1491 3,119 3,101 ' a,937 1,752 1,693 1,462 :,351 1,539 1,529Main reason for not working:

Ill or disabled 841 800 784 701 574 574 539 470 451 498 403 302 357 339Keeping house 1,864 1,843 1,624 1,554 1,555 1,573 1,564 862

73:73

641 632 758 728Going to school 1,123 1,064 966 887 801 752 779 434 = 312 314 320 353Unable to find work 189 172 123 90 66 101 105 111 78 68 51 33 51 56RetiredOther.

: 132

41

110

47153 143

)153 120 114 {

4218

28

251J

55 71 53 54

22 to 64 years

Total 5,605 5,472 5,294 5,169 5,049 4,970 4,891 1,670 1,659 1,588 1,457 1,528 1,741 1,800

Worked 3,550 3,484 3,501 3,517 3,443 3,391 3,307 671 751 724 758 889 980 1,047

Full time 2,816 2,645 2,642 2,634 2,564 2,518 2,374 375 402 372 410 483 521 81050 to 52 week, 1,916 1,696 1.673 ' 1,581 1,588 1,569 1,356 157 145 142 151 215 228 28040 to 49 weeks ............... 2202201 247 296 312 275 290 292 23 29 47 54 47 61 70

27 to 39 weeks 1 224 239 241. 248 271 224 2.49 30 38 37 48 82 69 77

26 weeks or less 456! 463 435 493 430 435 477 163 189 149 155 139 163 202

Part time 7341 839) 859 884 879 873 931 296 349 351 348 386 439 436

50 to 52 weeks 1 309 358 327 374 303 351 360 82 133 109 132 125 165 150

40 to 49 weeks 69 82 101 84 119 99 104 26 19 34 21 40 39 42

27 to 39 weeks 1 92) 114 111 86 68 97 88 40 48 52 22 25 50 44

26 weeks or less 265I 286 319 339 387 325 379 149 148 157 172 194 184 202

Did not work 2,055, 1,989 1,793 1,652 1,605 1,579 1,584 999 908 865 701 660 782 753

Main reason for not working:Ill or disabled 476 437 443 345 325 282 258 278 257 285 192 158 188 155

Keeping house 1,381 1,390 1,218 1,201 1,164 1,187 1,190 621 577 500 461 454 544 533

Going to school. 59 47 30 29 46 38 53 16 20 13 8 14 15 23

Unable to find work 106 91 69 46 38 46 53 67 40 46 28 19 24 31

RetiredOther 1.7 25

321 29 32 27 29 { 9

9 12/ 21 12 15 11 13

- Represents zero.

'Based on 1970 census population controls) therefore, not strictly comparable to data for earlier yearn which are based on 1960 canoe populationcontrols. See page 52 for explanation.

10

Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972

(Numbers in thousands. Person., as of %birch of the following year)


Total Below low-income level

1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1969 1967 1466 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1966 1967 1966

WIVES

11 Years and Over

All races

Total 46,314 45,752 41,739 14,436 43,012 43,292 42,723 2,774 3,036 3,133 2,997 3,110 3,694 3,880

Worked 23,355 22,921 22,661 22.369 22.010 21,077 20,362 608 936 890 865 1,001 1,182 1,251

Full time 16,331 15,727 15,185 15.554 15,472 14,711 14,060 124 467 459 437 532 588 671

50 to 52 weeks 9,993 9,644 9,175 9,065 8,95: 8,710 7,937 129 138 143 133 172 176 20940 to 49 weeks 1,566 1,465 1.577 1,653 1,,.14 1,140 1,170 27

!IA

49 40 45 54 59

27 to 39 weeks 1.471 1.524 1.539 1,517 1,499 1,492 1,492 37 40 44 62 90 91

26 weeks or less 3,301 3,094 3,195 3,319 3,354 3,068 3,160 232 257 227 221 253 268 313

Part time 7,024 7,194 7.176 6,816 6.539 6,366 6,302 384 469 431 427 469 594 58050 to 52 weeks 2,614 2,630 2.489 2,127 2,304 2,307 2,202 119 165 150 153 162 209 18440 to 49 weeks 768 766 818 706 747 616 650 25 27 36 25 31 51 32

27 to 39 weeks 628 936 891 910 773 790 708 38 57 48 41 30 62 54

26 weeks or lase 2,813 2,862 2,978 2.774 2,714 2,654 2,742 202 219 195 208 245 273 311Did not work 22,960 22,831 22,078 22,067 21.632 I 22,215 22,362 1,965 2,100 2,243 2,132 2,109 2,512 2,628

Main (.eason for not working:III or disabled 1.232 1,065 1,056 975 814 R55 639 230 195 254 256 173 192 190Keeping house 20.454 20,679 20,062 20,266 20,146 20,462 20,529 1,605 1,800 1,637 1,750 1,624 2,139 2,257Going to school 277 251 198 163 299 321 365 39 26 41 36 35 69 68

Doable to find work 252 258 170 119 128 144 154 36 41 36 25 21 38 48

Retired 566 452572

)501 445 413 175

{ 4832 ) 74 f 62 56 74 65

Other 179 126 7 6

Negro

Total 3,183 3,247 3,178 3.217 3,114 3.083 3.215 512 558 570 563 600 767 886

Corked. 1,945 1.967 2,011 2,075 2,000 1,962 1,9-.7 205 245 301 364 438

Full time 1.521 1,463 1,465 1,530 1,434 1,433 1,308 68 107 94 127 137 180 222

50 to 52 weeks 999 879 907 932 857 799 720 32 30 31 32 41 51 70

40 to 49 weeks 119 142 162 176 149 169 167 5 11 11 15 13 16 20

27 to 39 weeks 135 148 151 160 153 146 164 5 8 6 17 26 30 34

26 weeks or less 268 294 259 362 275 319 137 46 57 45 63 57 82 98

Part time 424 504 527 545 566 529 599 97 123 111 118 163 184 216

50 to 52 weeks 178 193 Z..t 203 180 188 216 23 39 32 27 44 54 64

40 to 49 weeks 41 56 54 58 70 66 56 8 9 12 6 13 15 12

27 to 39 weeks 51 71 68 64 31 57 66 14 18 16 10 F. 19 21

26 weeks or less 154 182 203 220 264 219 261 51 58 51 74 99 96 118

Did not work 1,238 1,280 1,167 1,142 1,115 1,121 1,228 328 328 365 318 299 403 448

Main reason for not working:Ill or disabled. 181 176 IRO 168 137 111 145 65 70 64 69 42 47 67

Keeping house 958 1,007 909 923 R99 931 988 243 239 243 234 237 327 348

Going to school 28 2540

11 11 34 3332

35 2 3

9

4 2 5 12 9

Unable to find work

Retired

4023 28

43

24)

23

18

25

21 13

40

21

15( 3

1

25

)( 11

11

{ 2

6

8

13

5

18

Othe aa

23 to 64 Years Old

All races

Total 39,757 39,373 38.730 311.518 37,980 37,463 37,093 2,144 2,266 2,295 2,129 2,324 2,609 2,820

Worked 21,243 20,930 20.796 20,462 20,048 19,282 18,670 681 790 761 741 R45 988 1,082

Full tine 14,914 14,417 14,239 14,190 14,081 13,440 12,867 361 309 398 371 449 485 572

50 to S2 weeks 9,459 9,160 8,761 8,616 6,431 6,232 7,530 124 130 137 128 159 168 197

40 to 49 weeks 1.399 1,309 1,440 1,498 1,529 1,315 1,336 22 22 45 38 45 44 49

27 to 39 weeks 1,274 1,335 1.339 1,299 1,338 1,323 1,311 28 38 34 38 52 70 74

26 weeks' or less 2,782 2,613 2,700 2,775 2,783 2,570 2,690 184 196 181 165 194 205 253

Part time 6,329 6,513 6.556 6,272 5,967 5,640 5,802 320 401 364 371 395 562 510

50 to 52 weeks 2,434 2,467 2,307 2,268 2,159 2,178 2,088 109 161 132 136 149 185 170

40 to 49 weeks 690 700 754 654 696 571 609 19 23 34 22 28 38 31

27 to 39 weeks 763 837 R33 821 731 724 648 33 41 41 36 26 51 46

26 weeks or less 2.444 2,510 2,663 2,530 2.381 2.368 2,157 160 74 157 177 192 229 264Did not work

halo reason for not working:18,514 18,442 17,934 18,054 17.932 18,181 16,424 1,463 1,477 1,536 1,387 1,479 1,621 1,738

III or disabled RAO 728 680 661 548 566 558 173 129 144 135 104 98 100Keeping house 17,028 17,152 16,807 17,022 16,906 17,160 17,286 1,238 1,301 1,536 1,219 1,319 1,459 1,551Coins to school 149 142 116 97 179 170 210 14 5 9 4 13 24 24

Unable to find work 194 219 145 94 113 117 127 25 32 22 20 19 27 42RetiredOther

127139

Q3

108188

}163 166 166

10

3

7I 22 { 11 21 14 22


11

Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of Karol of the Poi owing year)


Total Below ow-income level

1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1940 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

WIVES-Continued

22 to 64 Years Old-Continued

Negro

Total 2.776 2,827 2.617 2,626 2.782 2,731 2,816 416 458 466 453 503 636 728

Worked 1.765 1,797 1,968 1,890 1.843 1,796 1.818 165 205 191 221 269 315 390Full time 1.393 1253 1291 1,401 1,341 1,323 1276 82 94 86 120 126 153 196

50 to 52 weeks 942 839 882 789 812 772 693 33 28 32 30 37 49 6510 to 49 weeks 103 131 151 168 142 161 160 5 10 9 14 13 14 18

27 to 39 weeks 120 131 137 138 136 132 148 5 6 7 17 22 25 2826 weeks or less 220 251 ' 220 9.'4 251 257 273 40 47 40 57 54 64 85

Part time 4 376 414 477 4811 503 473 543 83 111 104 102 143 162 19650 to 52 weeks 163 180 187 I 190 168 IRO 204 23 37 30 21 39 51 6040 to 49 weeks 38 52 53 53 69

65'3'

55 4 6 10 7 12 13 11

27 to 39 weeks 52 59 62 55 29 58 13 12 15 8 7 18 1926 weeks or less 124 154 175 190 238 182 22R 43 53 48 66 85 81 103

Did not work 1.006 1.030 950 936 938 935 998 252 254 277 233 234 321 338Main reason far not working'

Ill or disabled 135 122 116 108 75 98 49 52 51 42 28 34 38Keeping house 818 952 718: 791 772 800 831 193 192 204 182 190 264 275Going to school 12 11 5 7 26 23 24 1 - 4 9 8

Enable to find work 28 34 34 14 22 27 35 8 7 19 s 6 11 17Retired 5 5 1

heOtr 7 511) 9 12 9 11 3 3 2 1

FAMILY VENDERS OTHER THAN READAYD WIFE

14 Years and Over

All races

Total 36.968 36,674 36.192 35,178 34,339 3,863 33,480 3,661 3,704 3,611 3,492 3,824 4,C45 4,129

Worked 20,651 20.479 20.640 20,503 20,105 20,103 19,792 1,239 1,470 1,417 1,348 1,771 1,909 1,881Full time 11,227 11,014 11,125 11,326 11,402 11,523 11,602 560 615 565 579 833 876 895

50 to 52 'weeks 5,172 4,996 4,919 5,136 5,052 5,412 5,295 125 169 131 127 216 259 267

40 to 49 weeks A70 787 928 883 841 841 914 26 26 36 34 56 51 72

27 to 39 weeks 989 957 1.030 921 866 887 881 59 54 44 39 80 78 67

26 weeks or less 4,196 4,274 4,248 4,386 4,643 4,383 4,511 351 366 354 379 481 489 489

Part time 9,424 9,465 9,515 9,177 8,703 8,379 8,191 679 855 852 768 938 1,033 987

50 to 52 weeks 2,492 2,602 2,460 2,557 2,364 2,398 2,268 123 248 213 173 245 307 237

40 to 49 weeks 716 750 799 678 639 584 512 29 34 37 30 43 34 39

27 to 39 weeks 994 988 1,012 1,000 901 884 806 60 GO 73 40 57 73 67

26 weeks or less 5,222 5,125 5,243 4,941 4,799 4,713 4,605 467 513 530 526 593 619 643

Did not work 16,281 16,132 15,487 14,590 14.153 13,591 13,562 2,421 2,233 2,190 2,141 2,052 2,131 2,245Main reason for not working:

111 or disabled 1,481 1,318 1.353 1,399 1,201 1.283 1,220 254 237 246 302 267 352 325

Keeping house 1,477 1.603 1,648 1,435 1,795 1,715 1,877 240 259 272 250 289 311 320

Going to school 11,633 11.322 10.55 : 10,019 9,492 9,170 8,976 1,713 1,528 1,431 1,360 1,256 1,255 1,380Enable to find work 475 532 30 251 262 280 245 100 105 96 79 79 78 72

'Retired 803 79349

39Other 411

563 } 1.505 1,4116 1,403 1,142 1,244 {64 65

144)

1.51 161 136 148

fn Armed Forces 36 63 65 R4 81 169 128 I 2 4 4 1 5 2

Negro

Total 5,340 5,190 4,984 4,735 4,654 4,467 4,281 1,619 1,439 1,496 1,360 1,468 1,606 1,629

Worked 2,309 2,474 2,428 2,467 2,664 2,556 2,383 501 550 563 571 733 828 842

Full time 1,542 1,543 1,509 1,609 1,754 1,640 1,539 227 242 252 268 371 417 434

50 to 52 weeks 760 713 6143 676 733 747 634 37 48 42 49 101 118 120

40 to 49 weeks 105 106 143 I2R 164 127 162 14 7 19 10 25 28 38

27 to 39 weeks 10.1 164 150 137 165 144 125 IR 32 25 16 40 41 3726 weeks or le, 613 500 591 068 691 622 619 157 155 167 193 205 230 239

Part time 607 931 860 878 911 915 844 274 308 311 303 362 412 408

5n to 52 weeks40 to 49 week

167

47

1:',1, 178

5870053

18354

22044

20338

2616

65

3

567

5010

5513

11212

77

14

27 to 39 weeks 63 72 06 77 72 69 57 19 17 23 11 20 25 26

26 weeks nr less 531 620 558 548 602 575 546 213 223 225 232 275 263 291

Did not workstain reason for not working:

2,949 2.702 2,552 2,243 1,987 1,952 1,956 1,119 890 931 789 735 776 786

Ill or disabled 342 306 295 292 23.1 275 224 119 86 115 105 63 132 115

Keeping house 252 236 264 184 217 204 201 102 80 80 67 70 78 83

Going to school 2 ,029 1,846 1,676 1,520 1,326 1,225 1,277 790 651 644 544 500 499 525

Enable to find work 188 158 136 84 60 98 70 67 51 51 37 32 42 29

Retire d

Other679

6n96

181)

163 150 100 114 { 14

262

20) 42 36 51. 26 33

In Armed Forces 3 4 5 5 2 9 13 1 - - 1 -


17

Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOt,E 92 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

.511.,ther. t 1., 14.,..;

T111.41

of March 91 the lou 1318 Veal.'

Below .014- incomt level

Worn ex;9r leuct -r1972' I 1071' I .70 I ,,.4 1907 l 1'8e41. 1072' 19 71 n 1074 1069 1 1904 1907 1940

F1(1115' (1111111 84 "71110 TAN, 1011,151. N ii rt n.t. 1

,

4 .G.,iii .941 7 ,9711 107 064 71R 720 7211 7.17 062 005rot i IWorked 0.423 6 . 5 1 2 1 . 5 4 1 i 0 .4 71 5 .272 4,12:1 4 ,177 101 341 3411 324 408 .188 490

`0,11 1 (me 44 ,.I' 5,547 5.395 5 493 5 511'GI 1 .61, 1,567 3,11110 1 , 758 :I .702

1 '.91 : 553 142 501

211

IS

237107

10

1070.1

19

189 20171 142

30

718,141

211

3201.13

4 72 7 t 30 110,, 1111 132 . 104 III 104 390 400 25 211 22 19 39 32 3624 1 ..I42 / .057 / ,01/ ! 9'1 042 923 953 tnn 40 7F 73 70 116 92

Part t1-n 0 0 405 095 , 472: 074 029 . .961 9n 14450 3'0 131 330 344 107 :1011 332 24 47

141 13446

12474

179 17174 57

(II '17 02 , 91 46 90 72 06 10 11 5 0 10131 3

109 1115 107 07 14 17 27 9 19 152 weeks or le4s 397 41R I 315 . 344 375 744 340 44 75 54 73 71 74 90

:3,1 r. . work 1 ,949 1 2 ,00li 7 ,954 1,432 I .1310 1,014 1.+112 157 3/46 395 3.111 :174 414(I,, in rea.911 r .r not w r.,,,,,

1 1 1 .d. 11.3,1,1 717 019 . 540 004 124 . 531 541 150 144 133 178 1:13 179 174Keeping 5.410. 574 015 551 . 507 442 018 071 97 127 151 121 13.1 141 1606,104 to 617,91 124 2,11 207 ' 230 1RA 147 ! 170 37 34 33 36 20 15 101 nable I.. 111,1 work 150 ,

111 107 . 57 53 52 50 :14 21 27 22 19 17 23001 I red 70 07 1

:132 2:I:i 172..t. her 117 271 ,)

131 nsf

..} 2840 33 10 10

10 Armed Ft/111, 13 111

601 1.554 1 1.174

21 . 20

1 .137 1 ,742

40 j

1 .299 1 4117

32

1 .247

-

314

2

272 2'15 278 247 3.14 357aarked 1.000 1.1190 1, ;53 , 1 351 7 I ,025 1 31:14 091 137 1 73 153 163 1 77 237 239

Pull tlae 040511 t,, 52 week, )0040 to 19 .101/1k, 7427 to 39 week

110,

575(10

131

844 R29512 305104

869

40 15:179891.1

R27

5194977

R00.159117

72

95211212

10739

4

19

923414

0733

A

12

12171

1319

150031217

162722421

24 weeks or less 304 177 164 1513 131 143 160 48 45 34 35 19 57 46Fart t toe 140 190 1011 1RR 101 2117 194 12 06 41 78 54 87 79

50 to 52 meek. 69 71 54 1 Al 30 90 67 A 25 26 30 10 2140 to 49 week< 11 2n 11 3 17 17 12 7 2 5 2 627 t.. 19 week, 11 24 IR 2.1 17 22 1 3 9 4 3 7 924 week< Ir less 55 70 71 49 78 RR 24 32 25 40 30 31 43

9111 noi work I 470 384 the 321 273 204 251 177 99 140 114 90 1117 1161111 In reziaon not working

111 or sabled 100 150 151 132 11.1 122 98 80 4 02 52 36 113 51Keep( r.g 15,04. 47 111 NA 79 90 33 30 31 27 35 40Going to 75 03 .15 35 32 23 35 2n 16 20 16 3 9l'nable to 110,1 work 0.9 21 ) 31 21 19 12 11 22 5 10 fi 6Retired .1

Alt her 33 5752 30 16 12

141.1 7 10 .1

I n .1rmed Fores

,gr.t.4rE1' ,,nt v IN 11.4

1 1 Se.ir: And 0v er

I 3 , 5 4

111 r3re

Tet191 10.411 10.311 15,357 14.142 13,799 13 .114 12 ,2 71 4 ,447 5,154 5,423 1,351 4,604 .1,997 4 ,701

Worked 9.021 .6.1:1 9 .141 1 0.772 8,440 .11:17 7,12 1,505 1,022 I ,544 1 ,I152 1,494 1,023 1,525Loll time 9,424 7,750 7,570 7,170 5,912 ,559 6,010 859 871 834 847 R57 949 R94

in t, 52 week.: .7113 ,19.1 5,225 ,,071 ,97n 4,6211 .1,22R 274 292 281 341 384 457 34840 to 10 0e064 773 711 740 R21 47:1 444 657 74 45 51 64 66 Ion 9127 to 10 weeks 631 03R 504 .161 521 505 433 104 115 95 71 R4 9R 11626 week< or 10.ti 1 3102 9116 973 /116 74 751 093 404 419 411 367 324 344 294

Fart time 1.001 I , 044 I .651 1 ,41/2 1 ,53 7 1,477 ,452 746 754 710 700 637 473 63150 to 52 week< G.15 7110 541 511 598 594 552 189 192 143 21(1 198 220 203

1, 10 weeks 24.1 203 213 211 199 /04 166 93 45 69 74 59 6227 to 30 weeks 254 229 201 2112 I R3 177 152 102 155 95 78 6,1 RR 5425 week< or 1,s4 655 049 437 572 558 5.13 533 3:12 366 303 343 320 304 307

111311 n,1 work ,799(lain rea<on 1or not working

0 .1011 5,579 j 5.01`1 5.291 5,119 4 ,4.11 3,310 3,5311 7 ,40/1 3 ,201 3,195 3,373 3 .1 75

III rte.. 1,a21,1,1 I , 447 .090 1 .6911 1 , 0117 1.199 1,305 1 .500 1,144 1,125 1,159 1,043 842 991 807Keeping !um,. 2.284 2 .282 2,001 1 ,955 2,703 1 ,407 2,21(0 1,10.1 1 .2771 1 ,193 1,153 1 ,245 1,325 1 ,44 7Going to school 240 237 190 1711 1 92 1.15 143 202 190 175 151 166 130 151l'nahle to find cork I In 110 73 3.1 57 59 79 83 37 25 '12 474,11redit her

in Armed Fnres

2 111

I0707

2,01-1207104

2,182 I ,93507

1,705 1,4411 :142

1.1

672112

710131

3

) 844

11

907

7

R77 883 725

1

See footnote.: 4f rd of fable.

13

Table 3. WORK EXPERIENCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS-ALL WIVES, FAMILY MEMBERS OTHER THAN HEADAND WIFE, AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUSAND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

Work experience prsan

rklty1A152, [sill 6':01

I 1 a rs -

aege

somber: 1n thousand,. Pr.ons as .11 March of the fo11m..ing year )

1.7721 1- 971- , I9,9 I 199" 1.767 1.199,

10(.11 1,0.4.1 1 .719 I .702 I , 670 1.7140 , 1.120

Worked I,_!'1 1 , I I.. I .111 1 ,191 I .104 1,12o 971

Hu 1 1 time 1 ..10 I Wei 401 929 020 694 71.1

727 0",; 934 904 101 127lo t,' 10 .,,,..., 09 119 100 8327 1., 39 weeks, 47 7r. 73 13. 1929 eek, or Ie.,: 111 In 129 , 44 101 0?

Part t law 22. , 259 232 -911 239 2;1 22110 to 02 reek. ....... ... 99 43 111 HA 111 , 102I41 to 10 .....ks 79 2? 39 37 22 2127 to :10 week, ifi 20 1 21

45 104 92 73748 735 931 106 53192 9 120 15.11.1,1 a.

Ma in 1...t.ton for not work 1 cI I I or 31:101,.1keep t !looseGoing t.. .cho..1cnahl 0 to f rat wart,Net 1 red.0 her

In 1rmd

1 tr., lid

fot 1'

111 rice,

Full t tale10 to 12 week.:Io t" vook

!

r oksPart time

1.c. to 12 eek,In to PI weeks27 to 3.10 weekti or I es-.

'14 ^.01 workItal. reason for nt working

or disabledKeeping hot...I.o log to .oh I

vnaIlle 167'1 arkNet 1,10thr

In Irme,/

Total

.rked1011 time

So to 12 weeka40 to 10 ,..eks27 to 30 wek.:26 weeks or less

Port time19 to 12 a 1I kto t El I" wee27 to 39 week29 weeks '.r le s.

Did no. workMale rilgon for not wnrkIng

Ill or disabledKeeping houseGoing to schoolUnahle to find workRetire Iother

In ammo,/ /..9roiev

110 pin 'Ill , :317 1 2.19 2151 : 3 1 , 1 2 6 1 1 1 91 , 100

.c_ 11 I' 20 IF, 1710 9 1 10

1:11 133

1,4;7 9 ,iiiill 8 ,01`i 7,0417 7.049 7,277

7,707 7 , 107 7.211 0,788 0,5311 9,1,189 ,919 6,114 A ,37a 0.013 . 5,700 1 5.1.101.077 1,405 1,095 .1.501 1.311 1,1123

65o 012 937 008 599 558;12 183 113 3.12 112 309070 6117 1422 101 477 476477 439 039 77; 733 722310 :113 280 291 335113 191 101 115 97 RO

1:11 118 194 109 104 91791 391 317 299 2111 218

I .593 1 ,699 1 .339 1 ,132 1 ,100 1 .041

704 044130 .

'13 RI

71 77154

190 I 1 1

70

589 184 390 .1283,13 390 141 380

fin 10 72 394I 21 18 31

244 2111 141 191

71 47 19 17

1.105 1.271 1.105 I ,2n2 1.162

.0415022970

896392

1135019

297

332

9221.00 7881.18 599

R;72 11

10915292151739

2,114

1519 to

22 1331 11

12 194

1(9

13151

231218

291

14412

12

14

2

1 ,09281

'13

19372221011

199

11437

4

9798213

09

15919221750

183

7

1,135

95.1783552

975383

199RR

172045

I RI

115

7

223110

6

12 ,

93

,729

5,0825,0023,695

53734227

681272

9.1

249I .7432

380421

9539

121

13

.An

R32903191

754.1

791.10

7121

39I m

10,1

41,

7

- Fteprea..n is ker..'Rased on 11170 con4.1. population ont rot s ; therefor., not strictly comparable to data for earl ler

contr91s. See pa, for explanation.Oats for first lv head. below the 1w-income level in 1050 to 1064 147 work experience, age,

Ser P-90 and for the years 1969 to 1072 1,, fns, 79, R1, 130, and 91,

Bel.. low-Income level

1070'. 10711 197(1 1994 1119R 1967 1966

-r

970 01IF I 8411 600 777 809 777

279 102 :327 34.1 360 375 381138 191 I 155 191 202 191 222

118 57 99 08 115 00 1296 14 14 26 22

25 15 16 22 22 225.1 73 66 51 93 49

141 111 172 183 158 185 15841. , 7 52 72 .19 6519 9 22 IR 19 14 15

19 21 15 14 24 1690 55 791 78 76 70 63

091 591 513 462 417 434 396

337 320 299 285 221 222 200In.! 194 95 717 89 101

21 10 2 IR 127 10 2670 I 12 to 19 1103 96 90 58

24

1.0134 1,967 I , 701 1 ,741 1,997 I .746 1,739

952 960 911 952 920 994 974106 564 534 074 6(18 657 663206 208 207 272 291 311 323

59 32 32 54 51 72 6876 05 51 _65 67 99

201 2413 231 19R 200 207 174360 396 375 377 312 336 311100 90 105 98 132 10241 48 40 43 29 29 4459 5.1 14 44 34 48 28

191 183 193 106 150 127 1361,035 1.008 R49 769 765 751 764

98 475 405 351 307 335 307291 285 235 238 293 271 298

61 56 43 32 53 27 5550 57 36 23 14 27 309991

6470

128 124 100 92 74

4

175 439 412 421 456 448

201 221 222 24R 268 297 295112 132 118 131 162 1671 201

IR 45 59 54 102 77 1184 5 12 11 23 22

211 11 14 19 19 1914 62 39 45 28 52 4492 R9 107 118 1716 129 053n .15 33 50 37 60 4411 18 12 9 10 1115 11 12 13 10 17 fl

37 27 42 44 48 39 32293 25.1 216 164 155 159 152

172 195 149 118 99 107 91

33 IR 37 32 31 19 439 12 3 5

17 6 7 4 14 5

199 9 14 17

12 16

yearn which are hosed on 1990 census population

sex, and race can he found in Current PopulationReports. los respectively.

14

Table 4. OCCUPATION AND CLASS OF WORKER OF LONGEST JOB-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVERAND 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD WHO WORKED LAST YEAR BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE:1966 TO 1972

Occupation and class ofworker of longest lob

ALL RACES

Male

14 years and over

Worked, totul

wage and salary workers. foalProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, v su ,ervlsors.Service workers, exc. private scsehold.Private household workers

Self-employed, tarnSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers

overnment.

22 to 94 years

Worked, total

wage and salary workers. incl governmentProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, i supervisorsServtce workers,exc. private householdPrivate household workers

Self-employed, fareSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers

Female

14 years and over

Worked, total

wage and salary workers, Incl. governmentPrnfessinnal and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives. incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers. supervisorsService workers. exc. private householdPrivate household workers

Self-employed, farmSelf-employed, otherUnpaid family workers

22 to 6 years

Worked, total

wage and salary xorkers, incl. governmentProfessional sod managerialClerical and salesCrnft and kindred workersOperatives. incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, v supervisorsService workers,exc. private householdPrivate household workers

Self-employed, farmSelf-employed, etherUnpnld family workers

NEGRO

Male

14 yearn and over

worked, total

wage and salary workers, incl. governmentProfessional and managerialClerical and salesCraft and kindred workersOperatives, incl. transportLaborers, except farmFarm laborers, managers, S supervisorsService norkers. exc. private householdPrivate household workers

Self-employed, farts

Self-employed, otherUnpaid family workers


(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the following year)

,Total Bel.. low-income level

1972' 1971' 19711 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

r --r- t

1

58,194 57,303 56,265 55,700 55,095 54,412 53,391 3,293 1 3,581 3,493 3,359 j 3,729 4,161 4,281

1 91,654 50,758 49,665 49,137 48,266 47,554 46,628 2,503 ! 2,648 2,482 2,441 2,689 3,092 3,25512,253 11,855 12,060 11,698 11,238 10,991 10,194 233 1 194 166 196 188 229 2206,894 6,837 6,613 6,890 6,598 6,617 6,524 207 210 175 167 I 205 238 241

10.679 10,295 9,702 9,970 9,623 9,530 9,285 349 357 275 290 1 290 373 37610,521 10,122 9,979 10,542 10,607 10,333 10,290 566 519 534 540 604 693 7264,961 5,194 9,073 4,694 4,640 4,433 4,459 450 572 562 545 629 625 6201,360 1,479 1,381 1,33 1,508 1,600 1,600 326 411 388 379 482 598 5804,930 4,887 4,788 3,806 3,936 3,945 4,085 305 , 377 280 302 281 325 464

57 88 69 ! 103 114 104 191 6 7 2 22 11 12 291,858 1,843 1,864 1,918 2,050 2,134 2,096 294 366 417 397 , 471 504 4624,198 4,174 4,185 4,056 4,166 4,049 4,127 408 433 453 394 411 374 416

484 527 551 589 614 674 541 88 134 141 128 158 190 148

45,897 45,081 44,388 43,827 43,225 42,708 42,027 2,254 2,367 2,278 2,200 2,353 2,724 2,876

40,961 4(1,208 39.462 38,941 38,179 37,684 36,873 1,637 1,692 1,552 1,559 1,635 2,010 2,13211,352 11,030 11,239 10,882 10,348 10,062 9,413 173 144 134 146 146 185 1825,348 5,312 5,023 5,123 4,924 4,925 4,875 127 126 100 95 102 124 1299,518 9,271 8,752 9,026 8,683 8,616 8,376 273 312 216 228 236 295 2998,364 8,174 8,126 8,562 8,607 8,400 8,291 405 359 384 394 409 524 5402,762 2,854 2,805 2,493 2,586 2,500 2,539 263 337 318 328 369 367 380

642 621 588 578 647 752 719 184 215 204 202 225 334 3112,961 2,933 2,911 2,244 2,348 2,399 2,596 209 201 194 150 145 174 274

12 14 16 34 35 30 63 3 2 1 16 1 5 161,319 1,331 1,387 1,428 1,529 1,600 1,616 236 299 323 310 378 384 3673,543 3,482 3,473 3,381 3,473 3,339 3,436 354 361 374 308 326 300 344

71 58 67 76 42 84 102 24 17 32 22 13 30 33

10,723 39,909 39,682 39,060 38,279 36,971 35,821 3,036 3,255 3,223 3,110 3,417 3,768 3,804

37,568 36,693 36,494 135,997 34,993 33,675 32,819 2,617 2,750 2,698 2,631 2,887 3,186 3,2476,657 6,295 6,238 5,938 5,684 5,351 5,063 161 153 206 199 236 202 184

15,171 14,964 14,783 14,636 14,076 13,451 12,706 572 631 588 485 561 668 557506 418 451 375 453 418 386 28 12 27 12 40 25 25

5,264 5,113 5,170 5,688 5,399 5,381 5,411 404 398 337 398 383 443 512354 320 355 191 228 231 211 33 26 37 24 32 26 32

433 483 482 467 562 558 657 120 179 183 204 245 273 2986,964 6,573 6,387 5,947 5,762 5,345 5,146 839 795 746 654 670 725 7642,219 2,526 2,628 2,756 2,828 2,941 3,239 461 556 573 656 720 825 875

279 193 179 158 196 207 206 29 36 33 24 36 41 511,586 1,483 1,504 1,472 1,537 1,472 1,536 171 189 189 182 185 209 1951,290 1,540 1,505 1,434 1.553 1,618 1,259 220 280 304 273 310 332 310

30,983 30,426 30,171 29,522 28,803 27,844 27,087 2,020 2,187 2,156 2,097 2,277 2,493 2,652

28,440 27,795 27,570 27,009 26,156 25,186 24,637 1,709 1,81)4 1,771 1,753 1,885 2,068 2,2465,922 5,690 5,616 5,333 5,043 4,725 4,465 118 113 154 162 161 153 128

11,374 11,167 11,025 10,670 10,234 9,827 9,421 318 335 336 287 301 345 350449 352 380 328 373 352 326 23 9 17 8 24 16 19

4,377 4,316 4,390 4,760 4,513387 4 514,ii 4,470 291 291 262 288 307 327 383234 223 246 131 132 25 18 24 20 22 14 10241 246 229 243 305 294 347 80 107 106 114 128 162 174

4.839 4,658 4,466 4,242 4,136 3,823 3,811 522 536 485 436 453 480 5641,004 1,147 1,218 1,298 1,391 1,470 1,664 331 394 386 441 490 571 619

167 120 108 108 118 135 153 17 20 23 16 22 32 42

1,305 1,256 1,259 1,227 1,260 1,198 1,253 124 155 143 127 132 163 132

1,070 1,255 1,235 1,180 1,270 1,326 1,025 171 207 218 201 236 229 231

5,066 5,092 5,015 5,110 5,101 5,017 1 4,870 I 781 831 898 895 1,050 1,224 1,323

4,799 4,789 4,740 4,807 4,790 4,712 4,546 697 751 770 799 906 1,075 1,165441 381 338 356 309 356 251 38 34 13 12 17 34 13478 470 435 477 435 421 388 48 34 23 31 38 39 42538 574 530 617 579 552 510 50 58 43 62 70 82 80

1,397 1,284 1,362 1,379 1,361 1,29,g 1,287 155 150 166 156 177 207 254887 943 1,003 1,027 1,066 958 182 194 228 247 290 293 31119.1 263 292 269 307 366 332 93 102 179 160 203 263 238855 862 769 667 711 759 788 125 117 119 125 106 150 211

9 14 11 15 21 17 32 6 3 7 5 6 1773 62 69 72 80 81 99 38 18 40 44 55 59 70170 214 169 192 190 176 179 36 50 60 36 59 51 6023 26 36 38 40 48 46 11 11 28 16 31 40 27

15

Table 4. OCCUPATION AND CLASS OF WORKER OF LONGEST JOB-PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVERAND 22 TO 64 YEARS OLD WHO WORKED LAST YEAR BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX, AND RACE:1966 TO 1972-Continued

,Numbers in thousands. Persons as of March of the following year/

Occupattdn and class otTotal Below low-income level

,rker .,1 I .'ng,, I., 172' 1971. I 1070 1969 I 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1966 1967 19661

513110.-4onttnued I

I

Mal e- 4-ont tnued

22 to .4 Years

Worked, total 3,96x: 3.02 3,671 3,921 3,957 3,815 3,758 493 513 544 569 608 768 857

wage and salary workers. tncl. government 3.751 3,69, : ,672 3,692 3,641 3,601 3,515 421 464 467 510 518 680 748Profe4914nal and managyrIal 395 :

.,',7 305 312 274 300 228 29 25 9 7 8 30 11

Clerical and sales 379 36, I 333 358 310 316 292 29 18 11 17 21 13 21Craft and kindred workers 479 ' 518 464 557 528 497 456 35 47 28 48 61 65 69Operatives. tn41. transport.... 1.173 1,097 1,170 1.167 , 1,132 1,059 1,072 111 115 133 129 120 161 200Laborers. sweep/ tarfarm laborers, manager,. ..- supervtsors

Or 11,

07 137755

147

708 ; 794

134 135

693

205

720

160

11330

118 152

86159

66182

77

173

154

200113

Sere., workers, env. private household. 182 d.2 177 443 1 457 522 571 ;31'; 46 75 48 61 124Private household workers 1 9 11 , 9 15 3 2 1 2 8

Self-employed, farm 52 31 41: 54 1 5n 52 71 32 9 24 32 35 40 52Self-employed, other 159 106 147 168 , 156 151 158 34 40 46 28 48 40 55Unpaid family workers . 19 6 9 hi 6 - 7 6 8 5

Female

14 .eary and .qer

!

Worked, 10,91 4,425 4,391 4,392 4,466 4,487 4,341 4,185 931 1,014 1,002 1,050 1,212 1,328 1,433

wage and salary werkrs, tncl. gov,,rnmnt. 4.299 1,267 4,245 4,304 4,305 4,133 3,944 888 968 919 983 1,129 1,213 1,289Profsstonal and managerlal 422 399 405 370 285 23 2 26 12 32 23 17

Clerical and sales 1,043 , 1.001 949 923 858 741 615 112 101 105 80 85 110 80C raft and kindred workers 34 36 31 34 47 35 35 5 4 3 5 12 7 5

OperatIves. incl. transport 6997Z1

120 790 707 725 672 126 139 91 145 135 158 165Laborers. except farm 41 60 39 41 8 46 14 7 13 13 13 16 12form laborers, managers, . supervlsors 102 129 155 164 206 217 262 59 102 119 127 144 '68 198Service workers, exc. prlvate household 1,117 1,161 1,116 1,123 1,049 930 909 264 247 243 229 257 235 271Private household workers '.33 ' 742 793 833 992 1,067 1,119 285 326 322 371 452 497 540

Self-employed, farm 1 8 8 9 21) 17 14 2 3 6 8 10 14 10Self-employed, other 94 7/ HO 103 98 107 11)) 21 23 32 34 26 35 43Unpaid family workers 38 42 60 50 64 84 117 20 20 44 26 47 66 91

22 to 61 years

Worked, total 3,550 3,484 3,501 3,517 3,443 3,391 3,307 671 751 724 758 869 960 1,047

wage and salary workers. Incl. government 3,438 3,391 3,398 3,389 3,311 3,240 3,144 637 719 675 707 814 885 963Professtnal and ma nagertal 483 415 381 36H 376 334 264 11) 33 19 8 28 20 9Clerical and sales 738 72n 671 595 525 506 420 55 51 68 43 36 56 50Craft and kindred workers 27 35 2,1 31 36 33 30 2 3 2 6 6 7 2

Operative,,, incl. transport 605 580 619 657 593 599 564 101 107 73 104 110 118 131laborers, except farm 39 29 49 35 26 33 25 9 4 10 12 8 11 2

Form laborer, managers, . supervisors. 65 70 90 AO 106 113 154 37 57 64 70 75 95 116Sery 1 re workers, exc. pr1Vale hookehold 933 940

86%926 849 752 757 177 192 175 166 190 177 214

Private household workers 543 SO4 696 798 867 931 241 272 262 301 361 399 436Self-employed, farm 5 7 7 7 12 13 11 2 1 6 7 8 13 7

Self- employed, other.... 79 64 63 92 R2 96 88 18 19 21 27 20 29 30Unpaid family orkers... 3,1 23 32 31 38 45 62 15 10 21 17 27 32 49

- Represents rero.

'Based on 1970 cenius population contr. Is; therefore, ma strictly comparable to data for earlier years which ore based on 1960 census populationcontrols. See page 12 tor explanation.

MOTE: Data tor family needs below the low-Income level in 1959 to 1968 by occupation of longest job, age, sex, and race can be fotmd in CurrentPopulatpin Reports, 9-611, Mn. 68, and for the years 1969 to 1972 In Nos. 76, 81, 116, end 91, respectively.

16

Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of ((arch of the following year. Excludes family heads and spouse,/

Major activity In survey seekand employment status

1970 ft

13.496

9,8(15

1972' T

3L1. RACES

Male

14 to 21 years

Total'

Going to school

14.242

9,941

14.139

9.919Employed 2.277 2.047 1.903Unemployed 466 541 469

Not in labor force 7.199 7,331 7.133

Other 4.262 4,154 3,623Employed 3,348 3.074 2.703Unemployed 438 545 462

Not In labor force 476 535 458

Not a high school graduate' 9,939 9.966 9,691

Going to school 8.078 7.994 7.071

Employed 1,726 1.533 1.440Unemployed 403 4314 365

Not In labor force 5.949 6.023 6,069Other 1.859 1.963 1.803

Employed 1.324 1.289 1.235

Unemployed 217 287 262

Not in labor force 318 387 306

14 And 15 years

Total 4,216 4.189 4.095

Going to school 4.022 3.956 3,862Employed 563 195 457Unemployed 94 6A 81

Not In labor force 3.365 3.393 3,324Other 194 233 233

Employed 123 129 158Unemployed 6 7


Not a high school graduate. 4,213 4.185 4,093

Going to school 4,019 3,953 3.860Employed 561 494 457

Unemployed 94 68 81

Not in labor force 3,364 3,391 3,322Other 194 233 233

Employed 123 129 158

Unemployed 6 7

Not in labor force 65 96 68

16 and 17 years

Total' 4,079 ,024 3.901

Going to school 3.317 3,297 3,246Employed 891 787 767

Unemployed 264 295 219Not In labor force 2,162 2.215 2,260

Other 762 726 65.1

Employed 570 498 470

Unemployed 71 89 HONot In labor force 121 140 104

Not a high school graduate' 4 .005 3.975 3,862

Going to school 3,275 3,265 3,213Employed 874 778 761

Unemployed 259 295 215

Not In labor force 2.142 2,192 2,237

Other 729 709 646

Employed 543 90 464

Unemployed 70 83 RO


18 and 19 yearn

Total' 3,409 3,407 3.294

Going to school 1.721 1.716 1,905Employed 56 520 479Unemployed 77 104 123

Not in labor force 1.094 1.092 1.204

Other 1.682 1.669 1.462Employed 1.353 1.273 1.111Unemployed 176 238 19R



Total

1969 , 1968 1967 1966 I 197'0 1971'

1

12.931 12.563 12.357 12.026

9.912 9.865 9.749 1 9,5232,349 2.494 2,458 2.478

369 321 311 3127.194 7.060 6.980 6.7332.936 2.629 2,479 2.4092.23:1,8 1.959 1.936 1.852

: 249 284 205344 121 359 351

9.372 9,291 9.0.10 8,800

7.905 7.873 I 7.795 7,5801.731 1.885 1.851 1.855

2E, 271 267 2685,876 5,717 I 5.677 5,4571.450 1.407 1,253 1.2151.01H 926 779 912

184 161 I 178 139248 320 296 264

4.025 3.941 3.839 3,723

3.091 3.762 3,750 3.621491 522 538 55063 55 56 50

3.337 3,185 3,156 3,021133 178 89 10284 63 25 45

5 11 I I

4 104 63 56

4.019 3.935 3,838 3.723

3.086 3.757 3.748 3,621490 I 522 538 55063 55 56 50

3.333 3.180 3,154 3.021133 I 179 89 10084 I 62 25 1 4.1

5 11 1 1

44 j 105 , 63 55

3.791 3,695 3.595 I 3,401

3.239 3.243993

3.2102;ti930959

109 172 164 I 1592,121 2.070 2,008 1.999

551 452 370 366372 279 221 22764 47 50 51

115 126 91 88

1

3.735 3.651 3.548 3,446

3,200 3.212 3,180 3,087917 982 949 952189 171 164 158

2.095 2.059 2,(66 1.977535 438 364 359361 i 268 216 22464 ) 45 57 48

110 1 125 91 87

3,097 3.020 2,013 2,964

1,023 1.960 1,774 1,935634 701 650 704

08 67 67 76

1,101 1,192 1.057 1,1551,243 1.042 900 9901.013 825 770 773

130100

12097

95

11(1);. 122

I

1

1.657 1.676 1

76 1,173 1

113 169.7 62456 942

81 501 :

305 308 ,

78

IZ 115 ,

1,336

1.03112351

8573061705006

562

535

4716

4722719

7

1.318

1.002 ;

124 :

47 :

031 1

3171605899 ;

547

506

385

163

112

2

27

562 545

5354716

4722719

7

502

391

57

32

30211056

IR

36

494

3875532

30010854

18

36

503

395

46041

27

477

3775732

288

99

5014

35

473

373

5732

294 '

9950 1

14

345 401

155

31

5

119190123

3532

197 I

49

13

136

203135

39

29

Below low-Income level

1970 1969 I 1968

.

1967 19(16

1,611 1 1,4301 1,600, 1,572 1,574

1,140 1.067, 1,195 1,150 1,189155 ; 211 227 253

54 39! 41 36 37945 874 1 943 895 899

459 3531 401 414 393277 236 : 249 257 24883 42 46 59 5599 ' 75 104 14 80

1

1,333 : 1,192 1 1.363 1.362 1.398I

1,020 934 ' 1.073 1,067 1,096

105 1 126 180 198 22641 , 31 40 35 34

,

'311

777 953

311 : 257 290834

295

036

301168 i 162 158 166 18559 1 31 42 51 46

84 I 64 90 78 70

1

571 527 593 550 583

541 502 552 528 55840 46 59 52 76

19 9 15 8 20482 417 47H 468 47230 25 42 22 2511 14 13 5 181 3 5

19 I 8 24 16 7

571 527 593 550 583

541 502 552 528 55810 1 46 59 52 76

19 9 15 8 10482 447 478 68 47230 1 25 42 22 2511 14 5 18

ll19' 8 24

1

16 7

491 415 492 515 494

354 316 382 399 10942 52 83 100 11018 16 19 19 13

29.1 2.19 2/11 280 266

126 99 111 117 105

68 56 54 66 5825 11 15 19 24

33 32 42 33 23

4011 413 89 511 490

354 314 302 397 3116

42 50 83 99 11018 16 19 1 19 13

294 . 249 280 279 263

126 99 107 115 10468 56 52 65 5725 15 17 2433 35;2 40 33 23

354 312 335 344 329

178 171 ' 197 173 18539 41 51 59 5011 7 7 8 13

128 123 139 107 122172 136 130 169 143104 98 100 110 82

39 19 20 30 2429 19 19 29 37

17

Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

(Numbers In thou4ands. Persons as of March of tne following Year. Excludes family heads and spouses)

Ma tor ac t t v t ty In survey 'week i

00,1 employment status

11.1 it It 05 - t 1 nued

N.a:e- ontinued

9721 I 19711 I 1970

Total

1 1949 1909 1 7907 T 19641

1 41 and 10 yea rs- -Con inued

Not a high school graduate. 1.354 1 117 1.38H 1.299 1.342 1.26 0 1.209!


1972 !Ti--1971' 1970 1949 1960 1967

211 ! 2. 9

fel log to ,chon 1 752 717' 745 701 950 0141, 9301 97 ! 120

Employed. 279 254 211 314 :150 344 335 21 , 27 ,

Unemployed 14 64 41 15 39 46 54; 3 !

0-,;

Not In lite, I il rev .. 125 123 195, 126 103 4211 411 ,73' 04

,thee ... . . . 493 1,73. 614 549 517 133 161 ! 114 I 119

Empl oyed . . . . 134 452 117 384 779' 340 319, 661 71 :

l .444 p 1 coe d ......... .92 125 113 1 9 71 44 631 23, 25

Not in labor i o rce. 41 144 : 44 14 54 4 7 791 25 23

74 and 21 sears

,

.

1'. t 4 1 , 2 130 2. 020 1 2 244 2.019 1 947 ; 2.11') 1.M581 248 251

',oil./ to school 4441 050 892 159 400 1 1 016 412! 94 92 1

124,4 toyed.. . 24 1 213 : 202 294 24 7 ; 312 264 ! 28 29,

unemployed. 14 71 ' 44 10 27 24 2 7 . 4 12 !

Not In labor 585 631 . 644 635 1044 640 557 . 42 ; 54'

,,her ... .... 1.27 1 /214 1.271 1, 41'41 957; 1.034 451, 153 154 !

Employed 1 141 1.171 944 419 702 4421 407 107 111 !

t nemployed. 195 219 177 141; 72' II" 59' 16' 23:

,ot i n IaM4r fore, 137 I 1 2 , 133 A ; 03' 90 A51 30 24

Not a high .296ol 4,4044.49' 140 340 :147 31') 343 401 341 69 63

Go log to scha..1. ... 33 79 : 36 3" 53 43 11

Employed 12 4 '1 11 23 20 19 - 2

Unemployed 2 11 5 1 5 1 5 - 1.

Not I n labor force. 19 17 22 21 25 36 19 11 2

Other. 331 347 3(9 271 293 333 295 : 58 59-

Employed 224 21') 195 109 217 234 226 32 26:

1 nempl 05,41 72 42 16 30 55 27 9 17

Not in labor Tore, . ii 56 n2 34 36 42 42 17 15

Female

11 to 21 year,

13.071 12 901 , 12.725 12.3.19 12.123 11 , "110 11,160: 1,700 1,719

log to school. 0.517 9.481 'I 434 0.248 9.090, 4 077 9.741 1 246 1 , 166 ,

Kmp toyed ..... 1.457 1 707' 1,423 1.4149 1.746 1.7111, 1,626 ; 123 126;

1 nemploYed 319 31') 326 245 173 177 155' 37 30 ,

Not In 1 abor force 7.341 7, 45 H , 7 4147 7.171 7.1 79 . 7.194 6 , 940 ; 4,006 1 , 002 :

other 1.514 3.507 : 3.249 3.060 3.025 2.832 2.724 535 5441

Employed. .. 2 494 2,366 2 210 2.492 1.472 I .937 ; 1,820 1 262, 299;1' nemploY ed.. ... .. 264 311 . 274 204 2nc 194 173 1 65' 79 1

Not I n labor- rorce... ... 5)01 410' 795 744 447 725! 200 2(0)

.

No' a h tg4, school 2raduate. 0.903 4,991 A . 0114 4.537 8.454 8.223 A. f02 , 1,343. 1,294

Going to 4ehoo 1 77,734 7.445 7.490 7,102 7,327 7,0449 I . 442 ! 1.007

Empl4 o - e1 1 342 1,271 1.172 1.371 1.242 1,215 1.214 i 79 : 46!

hemp) oyed . .. . 254 213 236 146 140 1344' 1281 22 ; 32

Not In labor firer 4.114 G 171 6.136 5,923 5,980 5.973 5.747. 961, 489'',

other . .... ............. 1,249 1.29,; 1.205 1.047 1. 052 496 913 1 292 2924mployed. . ........ . 711 644 , 032 404 118 360 3371 102 92 ,

;

Unemployed.. -- 90 131 ; 112 87 AR 84 74 , 351 441

Not In 1111,01. Far,- 644 121 521 476 546 102' 502 , 145 1521

11 and 11 yen rs

469Total 1 1.044 3.973 3,902 3,437 3.7411 314091 0611 547

1;9 ing to school... 3.406 3.475 ! .3 , 793 3.700 3,485 3,637; 3.480. 538 0121

Employed 153 441 , 413 464 431 393 379, 22 33;Unemployed 17 36 t 39 4 1 11 20. 14 i 8 7 1

Not I n labor fore 3.394 3 . 398 : 3.311 3.2.12 3,244 3.224 5 0 9 ' 172!

400er 163. 171 1 190 132 112 107. 1221 28'1:7,5

Employed. .14 77 40 61 31 23 131 , 11 1

Unemployed 1 . I 3 1 3 1: 2' 2 1

Not In labor force ...... 41 90. 79, 97 118 831 107! 20. 23

1

3. m2 1 3,789 3.710481 310774 3.634!:31,.,34)9:75.091

.

i

Not a high iehoo I graduate. 1,956 ,1, .3.I 1 3.966 3.900 3,427 3,712. 3 , 6 09 i 566 5171

/12 140i ing to 900091 . .. . . . .

I'm p 1 oyed 153 113 433 , 393: 532'12 :1

5000 ,

33

Unemployed 17 1314

: 39. 111 201 71

Not In labor force.. 3 340: 3.396 ; :1,337 3,240 3,221 1 472 :

other .. . 102 171 : 175' 152

3.233 1

150, 107] 1201 2411 35 1

Employed .. 77 77, 95 , 201 231 131 0 1 11

) nomploVd 1 1' 2 2 I 1 1

Not i n 14,r R I I '10 79' 071 1 1 9 i 9 3 1 103 1 2 0 1 23

49e footnotes at end of table.

224

119

21

4

92

106

59

26

21

194

11027

77

07

61

12

14

67 74 6120 15 114

5 5 -

42 58 16

131 94 111

93 s 0 i RI

IR 10 9

20 16 21

55 54 70

2

-

3 4

50 : 4630 32

9 5

11 9

4o 1.156 1.141

101 14037 . 37

1,010 964

443 424

21A 187

47 46

174, 195

1.231 1.222

906 9641

67 91

25 324494 445

216 253149 73

20 24137 152

246 526

520 4990 31

10 9

502 45926 274

- 1

22 20

545 520

510 4994 31

10 9

459276

- 1

22 20

211

127

335

8985

59

15

11

2141 1761 179 142

71 12

3 4

58

34

41

16

1 .598 , 1.569 1,620 1,777

1.164132

22

1,010464191

62

211

1,263

1.004

84

16

09025971

35

153

559

5 26

33

49234

2

32

559

52633

492

32

2214

126

43

75

101

41

25

15

58

18

39

102

77

10

15

72

17

4

13

56

36

13

1.275139

24

1,112

502

26239

201

1,351

1,07909

19

971

274

99

23

152

597

575

36

5

534

22

2

19

597

57536

534

22

19

1966

255

142

39

10

93

1126219

31

168

58

18

39

112

89

7

14

71

11

2

40

49

3

1,730

1,202151

291,102

440

205

48195

1,425

1,1431:3

26

990

203

9033

160

620

59032

4

554

30

5

32

627

59032

4

554

36

5

30

18

Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS-PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972-Continued

(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the following year.

1967 T 1906

Excludes family

1972' [ 1971'

hoods and

Below low-Income

1970

spouses)

levelMajor a c t i v i t y In surveywook

and employment status

Total

1972' 1969 1968 1967 1966

ALL RACES -- Continued

female -- Continued

16 and 17 y .rs

Total 3,831 3.802 3.750 3.537 3.525 3.412 3,310 516 ; 512 450 467 166 .191 522

Going to school 3,217 3.203 3.171 2,223 3.143 3.139 2.998 402 414 359 372 409 31Employed 744 541 650 702 708 679 665 40 42 47 53 39 43 56Unemployed 1 103 175 167 131 47 104 94 10 22 11 16 11 12 14

Net in labor force 9.340 2 397 2.357 2.330 2,338 2..156 2.239 352 3.511 301 303 330 354 361Other 594 539 592 414 382 2'71 312 114 98 91 95 86 72 90

Employed 342 311 320 200 147 102 1(15 41 35 31 32 IS 19 21

Unemployed 39 17 11 39 32 !A2 17 10 15 14 13 2

Not in labor force 203 I 191 218 169 203 190 61 in 54 49 51 62

Not ahighschool graduate. 3,730 3.732 3.675 3.572 3.454 3.35) 3,255 509 502 446 459 459 172 515

Going to school 3.15 : 3.218 3,123 3,182 3.087 3,097 2,960 400 409 356 369 375 06 429Employed 739 : 674 636 753 592 67) 659 10 40 14 51 36 3 55Unemployed 161 171 161 128 96 101 93 10 21 11 16 11 12 11

Not in labor force 2.295 ' 2,373 2,325 2,301 2,299 2,326 2,209 350 347 301 302 326 351 360Other 536 I 515 551 390 367 261 295 109 94 91 91 83 67 86

Employed 315 , 293 315 190 135 95 93 39 31 31 32 10 18 18

Unemployed 34 ' 44 38 36 32 22 16 10 13 12 13

Not in labor force 187 178 207 164 200 144 186 17 54 47 52 17 61

18 and 19 years

Total 3.07.1 3.057 2.979 2.849 2.855 2.90E 2.943 431 440 372 34R 392 423 401

Going to school 1.579 1.567 1.659 1.50n 1.620 1.558 I 1,635 209 166 199 199 191 198 205Employed 419 392 363 409 414 431 412 39 36 26 27 39 41 48Unemployed 91 79 95 55 37 1 43 15 7 13 9 10 4 11

Not in labor force 1.009 1,106 1,201 1.15'12 1.151 1.100 1,180 155 123 160 153 142 153 146Other 1.497 1,500

E-splayed 1.05R 1.1)17

Unemployed 141 167

1,319891

145

1,269975

107

1,234

8 /11'96

1.237H60

, 117

1,20986395

222113

53

rI"'7

17

172

91

25

16079

17

191

9327

225122

21

197

10926

Not in labor force I 29A 316 293 297 299 260 251 76 79 56 64 71 63

Sot a high school gradual 1,020 998 962 j 060 929 981 i 932 214 184 189 174 179 200 215

Going to school 616 575 608 5.16 590 566 623 116 76 108 96 94 92 113Employed 167 153 120 147 141 144 i 172 17 11 13 13 10 31Unemployed I 45 46 35 23 72 17 22 4 3 5 2

Not in labor force 40.1 376 153 376 422 05 429 95 62 91 Al 76 HO 74Other 403 424 354 335 331 317 308 97 108 Al 78 95 1024 101

Employed 242 194 155 151 159 142 13H 10 28 3.1 24 30 43 36Unemployed 33 59 50 34 39 45 36 15 26 16 13 15Not in labor force 1274 171

20 and 21 years

146 150 133 130 , 134 42 54 35 45 39 52 50

Total 2.106 2.076 2.017 2,951 1,905 1,940 1.702 267 251 231 227 220 276 179

Going to school 796 779 810 735 650 733 621 97 74 78 81 67 93 56Pmployed 241 :92 197 234 191 201 169 22 14 20 2; 20 19 15Unemployed 18 I 30 25 20 10 16 I 2 3 4

Not in labor fc-ce 537 557 589 482 449 516 418 70 59 55 50 47 70 41Other 1.310 I 1.267 1,206 1,225 1,256 1.210 1.081 171 178 153 146 153 183 123

Employed 1,008 961 917 947 955 953 945 102 106 92 69 78 118 72Unemployed HO , 94 87 56 75 56 59 19 15 16 14 21 15 14Sot In labor force 222 : 242 202 222 226 201 177 50 57 45 63 54 50 37

Note high school graduate, 196 217 206 165 244 241 206 55 66 50 62 65 83 69

Going to school 29 31 23 14 40 31 17 9 11 3 4 fl 6 10Employed 5 4 1 7 13 7 5 - 2 1 4 1

UnemployedNot in labor force 24 27 22 7 27 23 12 9 9 2 3 4 9

Other 167 186 184 172 205 210 199 6 55 47 5, 57 77 59Employed 76 75 72 77 96 200 94 18 19 21 12 20 35 30Unemployed 19 26 23 15 15 16 20 6 3 6 6 5 10Not in labor force 72 85 h9 HO 9 94 75 22 29 23 39 31 37 19

NEGRO

2811

24 to 21 years

Total' 1,927 1,809 1,726 1,639 1,571 1,517 1,39 633 584 631 513 577 601 582

Going to school 1.303 1.240 1,17R 1,145 1,131 1.067 1.010 79 442 493 417 455 4.19 I 434Employed 133 125 107 146 162 157 134 45 37 39 34 49 67 54Unemployed 64 67 58 10 49 41 55 19 14 21 17 20 20 24Not In labor force 1,106 1,048 1.013 959 920 869 951 416 391 424 366 396 362 356

Other 521 569 546 489 439 445 390 154 142 147 96 123 152 148Employed 365 347 351 336 301 303 272 85 68 79 57 67 95 94Unemployed 91 112

I113 91 57 711 55 32 32 33 15 16 23 31

Not in labor force 65 109 92 72 81 54 63 37 2 36 24 40 33 33


19

Table 5. MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK AND EMPLOYMENT STATUSPERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARSOLD BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, AGE, SEX, AND RACE: 1966 TO 1972Continued

(Numbers in thousands. Pet-erns as of March of the following year. Excludes family heath; and spousesl

Majoractlyttyin survey weekand employment statue


1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1972' 1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

NEGRO--Continued

Male -- Continued

14 to 21 years--Continued

Notahigh school graduate' 1.432 1,432 1.361 1.295 1.307 1.271 1,239 552 518 548 457 538 549 548

Going to school 1,164 1.084 1,027 981 1,008 975 961 449 404 443 374 431 438 427Employed 117 95 81 110 132 140 119 45 30 30 47 63 54Unemployed 57 56 41 36 47 41 53 17 13 18 17 19 20 24Not in labor force 990 933 905 835 829 794 789 387 361 395 327 365 355 349

Other 267 347 334 314 299 294 277 102 114 104 83 108 111 121Employed 159 184 192 ' 189 193 173 179 50 51 47 50 58 60 69Unemployed 59 76 68 59 41 61 40 23 25 23 10 16 21 2'.

Not in labor force

14 and 15 years

49 88 74 66 65 60 58 , 29 38 34 33 34 30 28

Total 54R1 8551 536 518 502 481 456 215 201 237 206 236 216 214

Going to school 530 526 509 500 483 468 436 205 185 228 199 228 211 204Employed 26 33 31 28 38 32 32 11 12 15 9 16 16 18Unemployed 15 8 10 10 15 12 14 4 1 7 5 11 5 7

Not in labor force 489 485 468 462 430 424 390 190 172 206 185 201 190 179Other 17 25 27 18 20 13 19 10 15 7 9 5 10

Employed 9 5 13 3 4 2 613 3 1 2 2 2 1 9Unemployed 33 - 4 4 - - - 3 2 - -

Not In labor force 5 20 10 12 12 11 6 12 7 2 5 4 1

NOtahlgt1 school graduate. 547 548 536 518 501 481 456 215 200 237 206 236 216 2) 4

Going to school 528 523 509 500 482 468 436 206 184 22R 199 226 211 [O4Employed 26 32 31 28 38 32 32 11 12 15 9 16 16 18Unemployed 15 8 10 10 15 12 14 4 1 7 5 11 5 7Not in labor force 487. 483 468 462 429 424 390 190 171 206 185 201 190 179

Other 17, 25 e7 18 20 13 19 10 15 9 7 9 5 10Employed 9 5 13 3 4 2 13 1 6 3 2 2 2 1 9Unemployed 3 4 3 4 - - 1 - - 3 2 - -Not In labor force 5 20 10 12 12 11 6 1 3 12 7 2 5 4 1

16 and 17 years

Total' 533 515 473 459 440 431 429 211 207 196 167 163 188 177

Going to school 466 441 377 i 365 370 357 1 369 183 169 154 132 136 152 142Employed 47 44 30 1 53 53 66 65 21 15 7 14 15 29 25Unemployed 37 39 20 16 18 19 25 12 12 6 10 5 11 9Not In labor force 382 358 327 296 299 272 279 150 142 141 108 116 112 108

Other 67 73 96 94 70 74 60 28 38 42 35 28 36 35Employei 41 34 57 i 46 40 35 32 14 15 18 16 13 19 14Unemployed 14 16 20 I 13 7 17 13 5 8 13 2 2 5 12Not In labor force 12 23 19 35 23 22 1B 1 9 15 11 17 13 12 9

Not a high schoolgTminiabs' 5291 512 470 449 436 427 428 211 207 196 166 161 186 177

Going to envoy) 466 441 376 I 359 370 353 369 183 169 154 131 136 152 142Employed 47 44 30 52 53 66 65 21 15 7 13 15 29 25Unemployed 37, 39 20 I 16 18 19 25 12 12 6 10 5 11 9Not in labor force 382 358 326 291 299 268 279 150 142 141 108 116 112 108

Other 63 72 95 90 66 73 58 28 38 42 35 26 35 35Employed 371

31:

56 41 39 34 30 14 15 18 16 13 17 14Unemployed. 14 20 13 7 17 13 5 8 13 2 2 5 12nt In labor force,,.. 12 24 19 36 20 22 15 9 15 11 17 11 13 9

18 ,nd 19 years

Total' 4401 433 412 407 384 360 351 147 123 140 93 125 141 139

Going to school 223 192 214 I 196 211 187 183 73 63 83 58 76 74 81Employed 44 32 31 48 47 42 30 12 4 11 7 14 19 12Unemployed 4 9 15 12 15 10 11 7 2 4 4 8Net In labor force 175 151 168 136 149 135 142 61 59 65 49 58 51 61

Other 217 240 198 211 173 171 165 64 61 57 35 50 67 58Employed 153 147 126 163 121 122 112 37 32 29 27 32 41 29Unemployed 37 59 46

31;

31 36 28 18 17 16 8 7 17 14Not In labor force. 271 34 26 21 13 25 9 12 12 - 10 9 15

Note high adux4 graduate' 266 260 252 241 247 241 257 94 90 94 70 105 109 123

Going to school ........ 151 110 132 116 139 133 141 54 47 58 39 59 64 77Employed 38 17 16 28 34 33 18 12 1 7 7 14 16 12Unemployed 3 5 7 9 11 10 - 5 2 3 4 8Not in labor force 110 88 109 79 94 90 112 42 46 48 30 42 44 57

Other 115 151 120 125 107 106 116 39 43 36 30 46 46 46Employed 72 80 67 72 72 75 19 24 16 25 30 25 24Unemployed 24 42 25 21 19 24 18 11 9 9 5 7 14 9Not In labor force 19 29 28 9 16 10 23 9 10 11 - 9 7 13


20


(Numbers In thousands. Persons ag of March of the following year Excludes tamlly heads and spouses)

Ma /or ac I 111 ty In survey week

and employment status

411.1110--Continued

Male -- Continued

20 and 21 years

1972' 1971' t 1970

1-

Total

1969 [ 1900 1967I

1960 1972' 19711


1970 1 1969 1968 1967 1960

4-

Total 306 310 304 254 . 245 215 202 70 i 52 54 46 5 51

Going to school 43 : 41 I 74 N4 47 55 51 14 ' 25 17 24 l0 13

Employed 10 10 15 : 17 , 24 17 N - , 7 : 5

Unemployed lo 12 2 : 1 - 5 1 2 1 -

Not In labor force 54 I 55 51 45 42 30 34 1/ : II 25 12 , 13/-1 7

OtherlUnployed................Unemployed

219 ,

102 1

37 :

22916210

225

155 :

41 :

105 :

124

24 1

177 148 1

130 11.1 .

15 2

145

110

13

52297

17

40 14 17

29 12 It/

1 2 , 5 :

II

15

2

. 45

1 31

, 5

Not In labor force 20 31 26 13 : 20 14 16 16 1 7 i 13 : 7 . 9

.' a 010th school wrinNate. 91 1 112 103 49 123

721

98 33 21 . 21 11 : 35 ! 37 34

Going to school 19 III 11 14. 14 A 4 4 5 9 . 12 3

Employed 5 : 2 7 9 1 3 2 Z 3 1 3Unemployed. 2 : 3 2 - ' 1 -

Not In labor force...., 12 . 0 12 : 4 : 7 2 2 0 9 3

Other 72 . 1112 92 42 105 : 103 .85

. 25 1;

14 10 20 31

Employed 11 05 55 49 77 I66 :

02 11 10 H 12 1 17 22Unemployed 19 I 18 14 . 23 10 211 : 7 ! 3 3

Not In labor force 12 1 19 18 , 10 14 : 17 : 16 4 2 1 2 0

Female

14 to 21 years

Total 1,742 1.778 1,645 1.400 . 1.603 1.524 1.115 079 621 , 590 502 601 610 : 052

Going to school 1.301 1,203 ' 1,220 1.120 .

.

1.084 1.054 :

.

1.031 513 449

i

449 39; , 430 53 1 490Employed 88 74 l 0171 71 49 77 44 22 : 21 I 19 II 1 32 29 . 33Unemployed 59 67 54 39 31 29 20 17 1 21 I 19 12 12 : 15Not In labor force 1,157 1.112 1.000 1,010 440 944 914 471 . 411 408 364 392 12 442

Other 1 178 493 470 499 517 469 :105 160 . 172 151 169 105 190 162Employed 201 214 204 210 . 244 235 177 39 55 15 42 44 74 59Unemployed 75 75 I 59 59 70 57 44 37 . IR j 27 29 39 17 22Not in labor force 202 202 203 212 197 1

177 100 90 99 79 94 80 105 I 41

Note 014, mchoOlgradtOte. 1,335 1.334 1.279 1.222 . 1.209 1.171 1,10n ' 573 : 510 515 406 517 557 580

Going to school 1 1.114 1,091 1,046 974 971 920 0R4 : 475 404 409 367 405 423 59Employed 50 49 .52 57 70 16 64 20 : 15 13 10 24 23 32Unemployed 39 18 37 25 24 30 21 : 13 1 11 14 15 In 10 I 12

Not In labor force. 1,071 004 957 MtW I 077 410 744 1 142 174 342 342 :171 390 415Other 214 245 232 215 234 211 210 I 99 I 105 105 120 112 135 121

Employed 71 75 : 09 71 : 48 05 09 ! 19 I 23 30 20 20 41 37Unemployed 25 37 .

31 27 37 35 24 17 1 9 15 19 24 11 15Sot in labor force 120 133 : 132 ' 117 133 124 123 63 73 00 NI I .2 83 09

11 and 15 years

Total 553 i 550 . 535 ! 521 ' 494 1 477'

156 232 2113 204 197 209 723 235

Going to school 534 545 . 510 : 443 474 443 424 220 145 141 104 197 213 219Employed 0 14 12 12 14 : 10 3

Unemp10ycs1 9 1 6 10 : 5 2 9 : 3 4 1 3 2Sot In labor force 522 525 ! 491 470 161 440 409 219 146 140 179 192 202 210

Other 13 14 125 29 20 14 . 24 ,

ti 14 13 11 9 13

Employed 5 : 4 7 1 I 1

Unemployed 1 - - -

Not in labor force,........ 11 21.

20 II . 24 R 14 I I 11 7 14

Not a high school graduate. 553 554 535 521 ' 190 477 . 450 232 203 ' 71114 I 1117 204 223 235

Going to school ....... . 539 345 510 193 174 63 i 424 226 195 194 104 197 213 219Employed N 14 I 9 l 12 12 11 10 0 2 I

Unemployed A 10 2 1 3 4 3 ! I 3 3 2

Not In labor force 522 525 141 176 . 404 110 : 109 219 140 1 190 174 1 192 242 210Other 13 14 25 29 . 20 14 , 24 0 0

. 11 13 I 11 17Employed 1 3 1 - 2 ; 4 - - 1

Unemployed 1 - 1 1 1 - 1

Not in labor force

16 end 17 years

11 20 , 21 20 II ! 21 5 0 1 1 11 7 14

Total 529 512 494 470 462 441 427 21(1 211.1 201 170 197 202 217

Going to school ...... 433 442 117 387 307 370 371 176 170 154 134 102 169 102F5uployed 40 20 14 36 41 28 31 : 10 12 12 12 12Unemployed 22 31 22 15 11 19 11 9 A

Not in labor force 193 345 301 336 333 331 329 ! 159 157 139 120 144 151 165Other 71 70 I 79 44 75 03 SA 33 14 12 44 1 33 35

EmployedUnemployed

21 24 I

A

2710

22

15

14

13

19 18 i

I 4 11

13

10 2

12

Not in labor force 14 34 42 17 13 35 33 I 20 21 21 26 24 19

See footnotes at end of table

21


(Numbers In thousand.. Persona as of March of the following year. Excludes family heads and spouses/

Major activity in survey weekand employment status

1972'

NEGROContinued

EmailContinued

16 and 17 yearsContinued

Total

1971' '970 , 1969 1_ 196.I- T- . 67 r1966 , 1972'

4 4'

Not a high school smaluate. 516 503 487 459 I 445 , 433 . 418 210

Going to school 147 437 412 381 375 372 363 176Employed 19 24 32 36 : 40 28 31 10Unemployed 20 31 21 15 . 12 , 19 11 7Not In labor force. 389 382 359 330 ' 323 . 325 321 159

Other 69 66 73 47 69 61 77 32Employed 21 21 26 j 21 IS , 19 17 3Unemployed

I

5 6 9 12 i21 9 5 4

Not In labor force 43 39 40 : 44 41 33 33 25

18 and 19 yearn

Total 137 425 382 361 383 357 , 320 162

Going to school 231 214 : 207 182 171 , 159 161 93Employed 30 25 i 23 17 27

! 29 24 9Uminiployed 21 25 i 22 14 14 , 9 14 6

Not in labor force. I 180 164 : 162 151 : 130 ! 121 123 70Other 206 211 175 179 212 I 199 159 70

Employed.... 65 81 72 76 103 ! 91 78 INUnemployed 40 36 : 29 22 30 33 25 19Not In labor force H1 94 74 I 81 79 75 56 33

Sot a high school anickate 200 197 195 188 196 176 161 I 106

GuLng to school 125 99 121 : 99 : 110 83 83 71Employed I 11 10 10 9 17 13 16 7

Unemployed I In 11 6 6 , 10 2 7 2Sot in labor force 101 78 ! 105 R4 R3 ' 68 60 62

Other 75 : 96 74 : 89 05 93 78 36Employed I 26 . 30 19 28 26 , 33 24 10 I

Unemployed 11 15 : 1.1 i 5 15 : 17 11 8Sot In labor force 38 53 41 : 56 44 3 43 18

20 and 21 years

Total 263 281 ! 283 255 260 252 213 75

Going to school 79 82 . 93 59 50 58 71 18Employed 11 10 , 14 6 9 n 13Unemployed 7 5 ; 3 6 1 !

1

1 3Not In labor fore 61 I 67 76 7 40 ' 52 57 I 15

Other 185 199 : 191 196 209 194 142 57Employed 94 I 108 , 103 116 122

.77 18

Unemployed 28 31 21 19 33

TI18I 13 1

Not In labor force 63 , 60 67 61 57 47 26

Not a high schoolgnaduate.i 66 76 61 53 70 83 66 27

Going to school.

'1!

9 5 6 10 2Employed 2 1 1 -

Unemployed - - -

Not in labor ,'orce 1 5 7 5 7 5 I 9 2Other 6u 67 57 , 48 62 77 56 25

Employed 23 221

19 1 IR 27 30 24 6Unemployed

I 7 16 7 I 9 9 1 9 7 I 1

Not In labor forceI

30 29 31 1 21 L_ 26 38 25 i 25,_

- Represents zero

Below low-income level

1971' 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

201 199 175 195 199 215

168 158 133 161 169 1804 10 6 12 12 129 8 fl 6 6 5

155 140 119 143 151 16332 2 43 34 31 347 13 8 fl 114

1 5 9 2

24 24 26 17 22 19

140 131 116 126 138 131

79

3

621

6311

53

7

6812

1 9 7 6 3 952 67 54 46 43 4776 ' 52 54 63 85 6328 15 14 15 3.1 227 ! 15 a 17 9 11

41 22 32 31 42 30

75 83 84 82 91 94

34 56 47 42 38 504 3 7 3 12

2 4 2 630 51 42 31 33 3242 27 38 40 52 4412 i 10 A 16 113 8 3 11 4 6

27 5 27 22 32 27

74 59 71 70 86 69

20 15 13 14 18 223 4 4 2 21 1

16 11 11 10 16 2053 44 58 56 68 4720 17 19 23 32 220 1 7 10 13 5

25 20 29 20 31 18

31 23 30 32 5 35

R 3 4 2 a2

6 1 3 4 s24 22 27 27 42 276 8 3 10 16 135 2 6 4 3 4

13 12 IA 13 23 10

'Based on 1970 census population controls; therefore. not strictly comparable to data from earlier years which are based on 1960 census control,. See

page 52 for explanation.'Includes members of the Armed Forces living off post not shown separately.

22

Table 6. INDUSTPY OF LONGEST JOB-WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER BYLOW - INCOME STATUS, SEX. AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972

Industry of longest lob

MAlk.

11 Years and ver

(Numbers in thousands. Persons as of March of the following year/

Total

Ill races I ant,

1

1972 1971

I Hein.. ),,a- Income level

r4-


,egra II) reace hhite Negro

$

Wage and salary Ott,. , Owl, govt..... 51,654 : 46,186 i 4,799 2,5I

03 1,727 697

Mining and construction 5,619 5,177 389 313 244 68Manufacturing 15,592 1 13,968 1,110 458 303 133

!hirable.. . .. . ........ . .. 9,835 : 9,820 995 286 188 84Nondurable .. . . . . . . ........ 5,756 5,148 575 I70 114 49

Transportatlon, communication, and otherpublic utilities 4,372 : 3.852 190 180 121 58

Wholesale and retail trade.. 10,109 9,209 736 501 364 125,lervice Industries 10,977 : 9,563 1,121 I 620 104 198Professtanal... ..... .. . 6,044 , 5.252 666 361 220 114All ,thers. . 4,1433 : 4,311 455 259 184 74

Agriculture.. . . 1,657 ' 1,393 224 368 250 109.151 other cla,seal 3,437 3,923 367 63 41 17

,

22 to 64 Yearn

wage and :diary wkrs . inc 1. govt 40,961 36,646 3,751 : 1,637 1,149 421

Mining and 1,114:1,1ct1,1 . 1.619 4,227 1 343 : 230 173 55

Menu far to r 1 ,of . . 13,550 . 12,171 1,236 . 331 218 95Durable. . .

9,739 7,833 773 , 210 133 65Nondurable... 1.812

: 4,319 161 . 121 83 30

Transportati,m, conuminicatlon, and otherpublic utilities.. . . . ... . . .......

: 3,920 : 3.193 104 137 97 39

wholesale end retatt trade.. 6,710 : 6,064 j 526 29)) 212 72Service latiustrles 9,291 . 7,311 815

,387 1 261 102

Professional 1,601 4,190 503 215 138 55511 others 3,492 I 3,121 311 173 123 46

Agriculture 823 660 1 120 219 164 50AU other clasaes' ....... .. 3,049 2,705 307 38 26 7

FEMALE

14 Years and Over

wage and salary wkrs., incl. govt

Mining and constructionManufacturing

Durable..Nondurable

Transportation, communication, and otherpublic utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeService industrles.. ....

ProfessionalAll others.. . ...........

Agriculture . .

All other C194,1,1'..

22 to 64 Years

Wage and salary wkrs incl. govt..

Wining and con. t rue t Ion

ManufacturingDurableNondurable

Transportation, COMERM text inn, and otherpubllc utilities

Wholesale and retell tradeService industries

ProfessionalAll others

AgricultureAll other classes'

37,568 32,795 4,28b 1,617 1,690 888

395 376 15 10 10 -

6,877 6,101 697 396 268 1163,004 2,685 293 154 107 43

3,873 3,415 404 242 162 72

1,196 I 1,061 110 26 14 .10

8,360 7,734 517 659 544 103

19,623 15,784 2,601 , 1,355 763

11,466 9,892 1,437 600 399 1977,155 5,902 1,163 755 365 385

523 404 108 130 64 61

1.603 1,334 242 42 26 16

28,440 24,612 3,436 1,709 1,047 637

1

330 313

5,824 5,155

16

277597 197

8

193

2,576 2,302 1 251 100 65

3,247 2,853 347 I 177 118

-

6330 1

54

1,007 913 93 22 10 11

5,594 5,143 359 420 347 65

14,063 11,752 2,121 879 139 4369,263 7,971 1,171 335 221 111

4,797 3,791 950 545 217 324

/306 233 69 86 49 37

1,326 1,106 L07 16 10 5

Ill races While Negro All races White Negro

50,750 45,439 4,789 2,648 1,848 751

5,703 1 5,183 454 347 269 69

15,310 1 13,845 1,384 473 339 1309,696 1 6,790 863 288 198 875,614 , 5,055 521 186 142 43

4,521 4,045 438 162 106 54

9,448 8,615 731 506 387 10910,751 1 9,430 1,158 655 440 2095,825 I 5,025 678 327 ?17 1034,920 1 4,406 480 328 222 1061,745 1,436 288 439 264 167

3,280 2,887 337 66 43 14

40,206 36,089 3,695 1,692 1,193 I 464

4,705, 4,275 378 277 217 5613,461 12,181 1,209 347 240 1058,741 , 7,911 785 232 155 7.)

4,720 : 4,268 426 115 83 32

,084 3,670 383 122 79 41

6,222 , 5,651 497' 276 206 588,032

: 7,093 797 386 273 111

4,539 3,957 479 164 126 54

3,494 : 3,137 321 204 148 55780 1 613 156 235 144 85

2,922 1 2,610 275 48 32 9

36,693i

32,030 4,267 2,750 1,742 968

395 375 11 15 14 -

6,727 5,999 650 351 238 1052,776 2,517 241 94 64 27

3,951 3,483 409 256 175 77

1,266 1,143 117 40 35 5

8,149 7,582 499 594 475 11318,767 15,283 2,584 1,504 869 614

10,929 9,446 1,355 664 461 1847,138 5,837 1,229 841 407 429

568 425 134 188 81 1051,522 1,223 271 58 31 26

27,795 24,094 3,391 1,804 1,053 719

3.17 328 11 8 8

5,739 5,135 545 257 169 782,414 2,195 208 70 45 203,326 2,940 337 165 122 57

1,064 971 87 32 27 5

5,499 5,077 361 367 275 84

13,582 11,348 2,078 1,000 507 4808,911 7,728 1,080 412 277 1254,670 3,618 997 589 229 354

309 232 74 112 52 581,264 1,005 232 28 14 14

- Represent, zero.'Includes frestry and fisheries (usually included with agriculture/ and public administration.

23

Table 7. METROPOLITAN-NUNMETROPOLITAN RESIDENCE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX OFHEAD, AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972

rSumbers in tho9sands. Persons as of March of the following year/

1972 1971

NesidenceTdal I Nelow low-income level Total Below les-income level

(II 14AS cdti Neg, All taros .htte Negro All races White Negro All races Nhlte Negro

8E711014/41T4N (((0.00

All errom,

T dal 111,139 121.0rai 17.772 11,508 0,914 5,252 140,670 121,630 17,061 14,5)11 9,798 4,58863 ;e4, and over 12,843 11,644 1,0.)" 1,923 1,574 328 12,767 11,594 1,050 2,244 1,883 339

In families 129,946 110,744 16,114 11,399 6,468 1,629 126,448 111,336 15,515 11,143 7,079 3,941Head, 19 Years and over 3n,931 32,299 4,113 2.932 1,815 1,055 36,499 32,164 3,949 2,967 1,960 972

65 years and over. . 1,689 4,259 358 371 294 67 4,604 4,177 384 456 361 91

.11e of head. 31,011 20,070 2,429 1,121 1,01e 267 30,872 29,091 2,417 1,406 1,10H 276Related c5.ldren under 18 years 46,088 3/1,091 7,246 6,135 3,153 2,1140 46,518 39,989 6,994 5,910 3,480 0 382

Related children ,nder 6 ',ars 11,'1 :1,142 2,1!' 2,090 1,071 956 14,231 11,799 2,192 2,111 1,275 809Other !amity members 14,911 12,277 2,156 919 479 465 14,565 12,189 2,168 859 530 311M eMean sir of ramily .1.19 3 4, 3 03 3.98 3-56 4.40 3.52 3.46 3.93 3.76 3.61 4.05

Inrelarod indivlduals 12.182 10,309 1.620 3,138 2,447 625 12,222 10,493 1,546 3,419 2,719 64765 years and over 3.999 1,578 3791 1,304 1,079 219 4,032 3,651 350 1,520 1,306 201

Male . 4.976 1,023 801 916 641 I 236 4,970 4,119 734 1,023 739 248Female 7,206 6,295 027 2,222 1,809 389 7,252 6,375 812 2,395 1,980 399

Per4.4.s In hamilt, 94th r..male Neal

15,717 9,766 3,724 5,797 2,4119 3,207 14,920 9,734 5,057 5,381 2,707 2,622Head, lr sears and ,.,,65 oars and overand

4,482771

1,127 1,479 1,332949 115 87

746

57

761

24

4,661

. 6963,296

586

1,332

/00

1,481

109

791

81

670

28

Related ue.b- 19 years' 7,209 3.935 1 3,164 3,7:3 1,519 2,137 6,758 3,912 2,791 3,408 1,642 1,739Related thildren under year, 2,019

other family mem6ers . 1,641

960 1,262,104 1,081

1,245

441

508

227

731

309

1,919

3,500977

2,532920934

1,212

492591

272

603

212Mean sta.. of family. 1 22 2 94 3 87 3.78 1.34 4.21 3.20 2.96 3.90 3.63 3.42 3.91

1111 141- C0::70AL C111ES

All Persons

Total 62,311 47,090 11,939 9,179 4,596 4,366 62,699 48,714 12,946 8,911 5,186 3,60365 ars and over 6,6115ye 5,699 818 .1,291 829 255 6,859 5,916 845 1,302 1,025 258

In f9I1le8 . 55,018 41,310 12,609 7,202 3,167 3,869 55,177 42,639 11,637 6,693 3,539 3,064Head, 16 years and over 16,157 12,591 3,262 1,825 90(1 1191 16,113 12,829 3,041 1,781 978 774

65 years and over 2,31)2 1,967 299 191 132 57 2,366 2,037 303 235 168 63

wife .t head. 12,666 10,547 1,840 693 472 202 12,807 10,810 1,785 725 513 196Related children under 19 years' 19,4.17 13,359 3,684 4,049 1,561 2,391 19,526 14,024 5,182 3,664 1,772 1,857

Related children under 9 Years. 9,223 1,20 1,883 1,419 572 H15 6,183 4,396 1,668 1,299 643 642other family member, ,,,,s, 4,97" 1,824 634 239 399 6,734 4,977 1,626 522 279 234Mean size of family 3 41 3.24 :1.87 3.95 3.52 4.34 3.42 3.32 3.82 3.76 3.62 3.96

Ihrelated Indtvlduals 7,291 5,791 1,330 1,977 1,429 498 7,522 6,074 1,308 2,218 1,647 53965 years and over 2,300 1,996 286 769 601 161 2,453 2,132 290 932 757 163

Male.. 1,,15 2,279 650 619 394 192 3,079 2,379 632 700 478 198

Female 1,240 3,501 679 1,359 1,035 305 4,443 3,695 706 1,518 1,169 341

Persons In Families Ith Female Head

rdal. 9,6111 4,707 4,946 4,160 1,313 2,798 9,965 4,741 4,134 3,643 1,470 2,127Head, 16 veers and aver 2949 1,647 1,264 1,084 405 666 2,779 1,626 1,122 999 423 558

95 years And over 439 344 93 54 31 21 402 320 90 24 40 19

Related chIldri5 ender 18 year,. 4,917 1,969 2,693 2,701 902 1,869 4,179 1,893 2,257 2,377 909 1,399

Related rhildren under 6 are . 1,40, 94 886 944 265 649 1,245 467 763 836 322 501. rher family members 2,116 1,19 999 375 103 264 2,005 1,226 757 313 138 169

Mean 'Lae of family . . 1 4.' , 91 3.24 4.20 3.23 2.91 1.68 3.65 3.48 1.91

01-r8I1E 1108TH11. CITIES

All Persons

-Taal. 79,918 71,965 3.833 5,329 4,317 886 77.970 73,116 4,114 5,649 4,612 98365 years and over 6,238 5,955 222 1132 746 73 5,907 5,676 206 942 858 81

In families . 73,929 99,138 3,534 4,199 3,301 759 73 271 68,697 3,9714 4,450 3,540 P77Head, 19 year% and 'over. 2(1,778 19,7091 952 1,108 918 164 20,379 19.337 902 1,187 984 198

Al year9 and over 2,389 2,291 62 180 163 9 2,238 2,141 61 221 193 27

mire f head 19,349 17,531 587 630 549 67 18,066 17,281 632 679 594 80

Related children under 18 years' 29,692 24,734 1,563 2,106 1,592 45(( 26,992 24,865 1,802 2,247 1,709 523Nelared children under 6 years 7,77H 7,189 452 667 301 140 9,049 7,403 524 812 633 167

'dher family me06er,. 1,22 7,165 533 324 242 76 7,933 7,214 539 339 253 74

Mean siae of family. 1..56 3 52 4.15 3.76 3.60 4.63 3,60 3.55 4.30 3.75 3.60 4.43threlatd Individual.; 4,899 4,526 299 1,161 1,017 127 4,699 4,419 236 1,199 ',072 106

65 years and over 1,689 1,392 93 535 4714 57 1,579 1,519 60 588 550 38Male . 1,930 1,742 151 296 247 44 1,890 1,739 130 323 261 47Female... 2,959 2,794 146 R65 770 84 2,809 2,680 106 877 811 59

Persons In Families lin Female Head

floral . . . . 6,057 5,059 877 1,627 1,177 409 5,953 4,993 922 1,739 1,237 495(lead, 16 years and over 1,935 1,680 216 449 340 95 1,882 1,661 210 482 368 111

95 years and over . . . 335 305 22 34 27 3 294 266 20 50 41 9

Related children under IA years'... 2,593 2,066 479 1,011 716 269 2,579 2,030 534 1,077 733 338Rotated children under 9 year, . . 612 466 111 312 222 85 674 510 ,56 377 269 103

',thee family members. 1,530 1,311 183 1914 120 46 1,496 1,3191 178 180 136 44

Moan size of family. . 3.13 1.01 4 06 3.62 3.46 4.31 3.16 3.01 4.39 3.61 3.36 4.46

24

Table 7. METROPOLITAN-NONMETROPOLITAN RESIDENCE-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, SEX OFHEAD, AND RACE: 1971 AND 1972-Continued

I Number', in thousands Pr4Onq vs of March of the 2o11.lne sear)

Resdence

19721

1971

'Total Below low-Incom level Total Below 1.-income level

All races whiterNegro All races Chili Negro All races White Negro All races White Negro

1

24ONMFTROV)LITAN AREAS

411 Pro,,na

Total. . . 64,875 59,022 5,339 9,952 7,300 2,471 63,684 57,438 5,753 10,999 7,989 2,606

69 years and over . 7,274 6,696 564 1,816 1,498 312 7,060 6,493 553 2,029 1,721 284

In families . . . . 60,'146 54,936 4,940 8,208 5,813 2,227 59,794 53,717 5,413 9,262 6,494 2,587

(lead, 16 years and over . 17,425 16,167 1,147 2,129 1,617 69 16,792 15,465 1,205 2,325 1,784 510

65 years and over. 2,90(1 2,644 246 508 384 119 2,374 2,616 249 606 481 1211

wife of head 15,287 14,444 755 1,493 1,191 243 14,871 13,931 83(1 1,627 1,327 2110

Related children under IN Years' 21,533 I 19,122 2,498 3,940 2,841 1,209 21,978 19,149 2,479 4,448 2,874 1,463

Related children under 6 veers 6,394 5,659 690 1,190 842 321 6,458 5,543 806 1,388 898 456

Other family members.. . 6,001 9,101 8.111 987 365 1 305 6,152 5,173 899 861 511 335

Moan size of family .. 3 46 3.39 4.31 3,86 3.59 4.75 3.96 3.47 4.49 3.98 3.64 5.07

Unrelated individuals 4,628 4,186 399 1,744 1,487 244 4,089 3,722 340 1,737 1,496 226

65 years and over 2,192 2,025 167 991 863 128 2,028 1,2170 145 1,043 916 115

Male 1,1396 1,461 2(13 49.1 380 102 1,483 1,308 156 521 430 77

Female

heraans in Fact! 1 inn 81113 Fermi., (lead

2,932 2,725 199 1,250 1,1117 142 2,606 2,414 184 1,216 1,066 142

Total . . 5,527 3,992 1,426 2,327 1,284 950 5,233 3,740 1,377 2,416 1,402 961

Head, in years and over 1,716 1,338 342 619 382 210 1,524 1,196 309 616 397 207

65 years and .,...., 397 301 93 106 53 51 321 253 68 125 80 45

Related children unner 18 Yearn'. 2.398 1,609 721 1,390 764 568 2,275 1,575 727 1,445 821 585

Related chlldren under 6 years 1319 385 217 402 231 157 595 342 224 422 239 175

Other family members. . 1,413 1,035 362 316 136 171 1,331 971 340 354 182 165

Mean etre of Ovally. . 3.22 2.98 4.17 3.76 3.36 4.52 3.43 3 13 4.46 3.92 3.53 4.64

'Includes at small number of family heads an'( spouses 14 and 15 years old.

25Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PFRCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND UNRELATED

INDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972,Numbers In thousands /amiltes and unrelated individuals as of March of the folloalng year For this table, families and unrelated individuals reporting

loss In self-employment or rental Income are assigned 4'1.00 in that type of income)

Income ot specified type as ayper. ant f t.oal troom

All races Negro

19'2 1971 1972 1971

Male FemaleTotal

head' head'Total

Male I Femalehead' I head' Total

Male

head'

Femalehea6'

TotalMale

head'

Femaleheed'

FAMILIFSI

;

1

All Income Levels

Income from earnings

Mtal 40,998 44,1116 4,471 48,195 47,306 4,6119 4,473 3,202 1,271 4,415 3,296 1,1251 to 24 percent 2,020 1,399 625 1,836 1,295 5141 143 109 187 292 119 172

25 to 49 percent 1,975 1,421 554 1,925 1,427 458 266 112 194 242 100 13f

50 to 74 percent. 1,514 2,91n 996 .1,805 2,912 893 193 209 431 245 181

75 to 99 percent 22,62 21,017 1,609 21,753 20,224 1,529 1,241 928 713 1,169 913 251

100 percent 114,464 17,265 1,159 18,875 17,696 1,197 2,269 1,961 40% 2,261 1,903 371

Percent I114/ 0 100 0 I(0).)) ioo o foo.o too.o ioo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent . 4.1 3.2 12.6 3 9 2.9 12.4 6.6 3.4 14.7 6.6 3.6 15.:

25 to 44 percent 4.0 3 2 11 1 4.0 3.3 10.6 5.9 3.5 12.1 5.5 3.2 12.]

50 to 74 percent 8.0 6 6 19,8 7.9 6.7 19.0 9.0 6.0 16.4 9.8 7.5 16.:

75 to 9 percent 46 2 47 7 32. 45.1 46.5 32.6 1.7 29.0 24.6 26.5 27.8 22.f100 percent. 37 7 39.2 24.1 39 2 40.7 25.3 5)1.7 58.1 32.1 51.7 57.9 33.:

.,octal ecuritc income

Total 11,199 9,893 2,295 10,1101 8,516 2,085 997 583 414 930 591 331

1 to 2 percent. 4,456 3,440 1,035 4,245 3,264 981 384 207 177 376 231 141

45 to 44 percent. 2,739 2,156 58 2,629 2,11)11 527 261 160 102 212 126 81

5. to 74 percent.. 1,464 1,662 323 1,951 1,643 308 158 103 55 168 117 54

75 to 99 percent. 1,259 1,047 212 1,056 901 155 Ill 67 44 98 69 21

100 percent 745 607 142 720 607 114 83 47 35 77 53 24

Percent 100 0 100.0. 107 0 1110 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1010.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent 39 6 39 3 45.1 40.0 38.3 47.1 38.5 35.4 42.9 40.4 39.0 43.125 to 49 percent 24 5 24.2 24.6 24.7 25.3 26.2 27.4 24.7 22.8 21.3 25.4

50 to 74 percent 17.7 IA 7 14.1 19.4 19.3 14 8 15.8 17.6 13.3 16.1) 19.1 15 1

75 to 99 percent 11.3 11 8 5.2 10.0 10.6 7.4 11.1 11.5 1)1.7 10.5 11.7 8.1

100 percent. 6.7 n.8 6.2 6,9 7.1 5.5 6.4 8.0 8.5 8.3 9.0 7.1

Public assi tance Income

Total,.. 3,627 1,627 2,000 3,506 1,665 1,641 1,357 375 981 1,301 421 881

1 to 24 pe,cent. 1,410 946 46 1,394 978 416 400 200 200 374 217 151

25 to 45 percent . 626 304 322 665 346 319 244 85 158 268 120 141

50 o 74 percent... 414 148 268 356 134 221 170 43 126 140 30 111

75 to 99 percent. 362 93 269 329 74 255 139 17 122 148 24 124

100 percent.... 915 138 677 762 132 630 404 29 375 371 31 341

Percent. .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1

1 to 24 percent. 38.9 58.1 23.2 39.8 58.6 22.6 29 5 53.5 20.4 28.7 51.4 17.1

25 to 49 percent .. 17.3 18.7 16,1 19.0 20.8 17.3 18.0 22.7 16.1 20.6 28.4 16.1

50 to 74 percent. 11.4 1 9.0 13.4 10.2 8.1 12.0 12.5 11.5 12.8 10.8 7.1 12.:

75 to 49 percent... 10.01 5.7 11.5 9.4 4.4 13.9 10.2 4.5 12.4 11.4 5.7 14.1

100 percent . . . 22 . ;8.5 33.9 21.7 7.9 34.2 29.8 7.8 38.2 28.5 7.3 38.1

.ther transfer income'

Total 8,829 7,875 454 9,086 14,203 9143 649 510 699 556 14:

1 to 24 percent. 6,724 6,568 656 6,955 6,366 589 469 374 93 522 431 91

25 to 45 percent . 1,390 1,192 197 1,414 1,206 207 115 86 29 112 78 34

50 to 74 percent. . . 467 388 79 432 377 56 35 24 II 30 24

79 to 54 percent 195 176 19 224 200 24 23 20 3 21 15100 percent. 52 3 61 54 7 7 7 13 8

Percent... 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1

1 to 24 percent . . 76.1 77 0 66 8 76.5 77.6 66.7 72.3 73.2 68.8 74.8 77.5 64.1

25 to 49 percent... 15 7 15.1 20.6 15.6 14.7 23.4 17.7 16.8 21.0 16.0 14.0 23.1

i. to 74 percent. 5.3 4.9 8,3 4.8 4.6 6.3 5.4 4.7 8.0 4.3 4.3 4.1

75 to 99 pe.cent 2 2 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.5 3.9 2.2 3.0 2.7 4.1

100 percent.,

other unearned Income'

0.6 0.7 0.3 9 7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.1

Total.... 26,725 23,651 2.634 24,4145 22,012 2,472 948 707 241 874 601 27:

I to 24 percent. 22,266 20,535 1,73' 20,666 19,032 1,634 807 634 173 702 520 181

25 to 49 percent. . 2,401 1,929 472 2,217 1,794 424 89 53 37 109 57 51

50 to 74 iiTreent. . . 1,046 950 196 996 811 186 26 16 10 24 9 if

75 to 99 percent... 401 282 119 413 3014 105 12 3 8 17 9 1

100 percent . .. 211 96 115 192 68 124 14 1 13 23 6 11

Percent ..... . 100.11 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.11 to 24 percent.. 84.6 96.7 65.7 R4.4 86.5 66.1 85.1 99.7 71.8 80.3 86.5 66.:25 to 49 percent . 9.1 8.1 17.9 9.1 8.1 17.1 9.4 7.5 15.4 12.4 9.5 18.1

50 to 74 percent . . 4.0 3.6 7.4 4.1 3.7 7.5 2.7 2.3 4.1 2.7 1.5 5.1

75 to 59 percent. 1.2 4.5 1.7 1.4 4.2 1.3 0.4 3.3 1.9 1.5 2.1

100 percent . 11 9 0.4 4.4 0 8 0.3 5.0 1.5 0.1 5.4 2.6 1.0 6.:


26

Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND UNRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972-Continued

(Numbers In thousands FamIlles and urelated Indivlluals as of March of the tollostng year. for thls table, families and unrelated Individuals reportinga oto sell - employment or rental me are assIgnen ft tn to tout type td Income.

ill rac.s Near.

1.72 1471 1,172 1071Income .d s p e c t 1 1 , 4 file, .4 a

percent or t oal Income-

Malt. Male 1emale Male 1emale Or Femalefotal

em1' !,,,o14,11

,...0 hyd'fetal

bead' head01,11

head' hitad

VIM11.1131--1o11 ttnued

Helps Low -Income 1.R.,e1

Income from earning,

Total _ 2,112 3,14:- 1 ,337 1,058 93, 110 496 411 495 441

I to 24 percent 611 420 Ate 12. 294 3.10 20), i 147 204 69 137

25 to 49 percent 313 163 147 107 120 37 44 108 38 71

50 to 74 percent 142 Is/ /::1' 222 bill 128 40 88 115 41 66

75 to 99 percent 136 1,1 107 444 148 107 97 35 12 131 76 55

100 percent. 1,118 1.114 2.9 1.176 1.281 295 175 251 125 381 263 118

Percent 100 0 100 0 1011 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1044.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 to 24 percent 20 R 11 1 31 7 IM 5 12 8 31.2 22 0 13.4 29.6 21.9 13.9 30.7

25 to 49 peccent 10.7 7 7 1, 5 10 7 9.4 15.9 I 15.4 8.4 19.1) 11.5 7.7 15,7

50 to 74 percent 10 7 9.6 11 7 II 3 4 1 15 1 12.7 4.0 17.7 12.2 5.9 14.8

71 to 99 percent 13 6 15.6 9 9 13.1 14 S 10.1 10.1 12.1 8.5 13.9 15.4 12.3

010 percent 44 2 53 0 27 4 46.4 54.8 27.9 10, 1 16 8 25.2 4145 53.) 26.5

Social NecurIty Income

1o1a1. 1,276 871 14.2 1,406 973 43 317 151 161 298 157 141

1 to 24 percent 112 ig 54 113 50 53 52 21 31 41 19 22

25 to 49 percent 48 122

78H'

27. 146 122 71 34 41 73 28

511 to 74 percent '12.1 203 294 195 48 68 311 29 67 34 32

75 to 09 percent 431 226 101 314 271 74 till 25 32 62 40 22

100 percent 344 261 70 387 300 86 62 34 28 55 36 15

Percent. 1121 6 1110.11 100 0 100.0 100 1, 100,0 100.0 10440 i00.0 100.0 100.0 100.1

1 to 24 percent 8 8 6 6 8.0 6 1 12.3 16. 13.4 19.2 13 8 12.1 13 7

25 to 49 percent 11 S 14.0 18 'I 19 2 1.5,2 28 2 23.7 21.7 25.5 24.5 17.8 a1.4

50 to 7.1 percent 22.0 23.2 21.8 20.8 20.0 22.7 21." 24.8 18.0 22 5 21.7 23.f

75 to 99 percent. 25 . 25.0 26 3 24.4 27.91 16.9 19.9 18,5 19.9 20.8 15.1

100 percent.

27.0 AP 3 19 6 27 5 30.0 19.9 15.6 21.7 17.4 18.5 13.1

Public aaststance tncome

Total .1,016 539 1,278 1,799 629 1,171 834 142 692 793 176 611

1 to 24 percent 255 137 118 334 2061 128 8. 45 61 126 55

25 to 49 percent 281 111 148 317 16; 151 141 51 91 125 58 Ri

50 to 74 percent 265 75 189 235 89. 147 117 24 93 96 19 7(

75 to 99 percent 291 72 21!) 232 53 149 121 16 105 121 19 102

100 percent... 717 113 618 6611

116 1.16 :165 23 342 324 26 29f

Percent. 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 190.0 100.f

1 tO 24 percent 14.5 25 4 9.2 18.1 . 32.8 10.5 111.7 20.3 8.8 16.1 31.1 11.5

21 to 49 percent . 15 5 26.2 II 6 17.6 26.2 12.9 16.9 35.7 13.2 15.7 32.8 10.f.

50 to 74 percent 14.6 13.9 14 8 13.1 14.1 12.6 14.0 16.8 13.4 12.1 1)1.7 12.3

75 to 99 percent 16.0 13.4 17.1 14.0 0,4 17.0 14.5 11.2 15.2 15.2 10.7 16.f

1110 percent. 39.5 21.0 47.3 20.7 18.4 46.6 43.8 16.1 49.4 40.8 14.7 48.4

0theR transter Income'

Total. 417 348 1 10n 545) 397 118 48 116 69 41

1 to 24 percent,''I'i:

160 A. 213 118 45 55 61 44 11

23 to 49 wrcent. . 76 .12 147 97 4!) II 27 8 If.

50 to 71 pervent 63 4J 19 84 75 8 7 4 9 5

75 to 99 percent . 42 6 34 4 27 12 7 1 14 8

too percent . :12 29 3 22 19 3 5 4

Percent._ OM 0 11441,11 100 0 1011.0 100.01 100.0 100.0 1111 100.0 (0. 151

1 to 24 percent.. 44 7 46.2 39 4 42.3 I 43.5 36.1 56.1 161 fhl 52.6 '11 151

25 to 49 percent. 24.6 22.5 32 3 29.2 25.1 41 9 24.5 (III 111) 23.3 '1) 101

50 to 74 percent . 14 1 12.7 19 2 16.1 19.4 6.8 7.1 111) OW 7.8 '6 (III

75 to 99 percent.. 9.4 10.1 6.1 7.7 7.0 10.3 7.1 HA 111) 12.1 '5 101

100 percent.. . 7.2 8.4 3.0 4.4.

4.9 2.6 5.1 150 1111 4.3 II 10/

Other unearned Income.

Total. I 028 194 d7.1 41941 536 458 154 59 95 135 25 Ilf

1 to 24 percent 571 386 185 525 260 161 93 44 49 61 15 4f

25 to 49 percent 196 91 101 161 59 101 31 R 23 1 a:

50 to 74 percent 65 34 A2 1117 36 71 12 4 8 11 1 If

75 to 99 percent. 92 . 41 41 90 51 34 7 2 5 12 5 1

100 percent.. 114 43 71 111 30 82 13 1 11 17 3 11

Percen1. 111(/ 0 100.0 100.0 100.11 1491 0 100.0 100.0 151 100.0 100.0 (0) 0(10.1

1 tn 21 percent. 64 5 42.6 52.8 67.2 36.0 55.6 161 51.0 44.9 111) 41.f

25 to 49 percent 19.1 16.2 11.0 22.1 19.9 Wit 24.0 25.7 III) 30.1

50 to 74 percent. 6 3 5.7 7.4 10.8 6.7 15 1 7,7 WA 8.3 8.1 110 9.1

75 to 99 percent A . 0 6 9 9.1 9.1 9.5 8.5 4 5 5.2 8.8 (61 6.4

100 percent 11 I 7.2 I6.4 11.2 5.6 17.9 8.3 (n) 11,5 12.3 OW 12.1

See footnotes at end Of table

27

Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME-FAMILIES AND I.INRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972-Continued

,Numbers In thoesands. Families and ahrelated 11141vIduals as of March of the tolloving yeat ha thls table, families and unrelated indivIduals report tug4 tin in sell -emnlovment or rental Income are assi,,ned 1 00 In that type of income,-

All races segr,

1972 1971 1 1972 1471

!1--

I

Male en, I e Male . iemale I Male lecn! Male templeTotal 14..il rotal

1head' neat!' head' , head. head' i head' heml' head'

Income at specified type as Afierce, 1. ia1 19, mt

s8211..8TEI, INDIA lot A1...9

All Income Levels

10,0/12 5,009

Incame ram earcinas

Total1 to 24 percent 631 21.21 to 49 percent 867 11

50 ro 74 percent 71.1 Vhf75 to 94 percent 1,2f, 1,620100 percent 1,779 2,481

Percent. . . 10o 10,, 0

io 24 percent 8 1 I 4 4

25 to 49 bervent 6 610 to 74 percent 7 I I 0

74 to 99 percen' 12 '1 1 32

on pat:ten: 17 4

.Social acturfIn

total. 6,119 1,1.31 10 24 perve8. 623 16225 co 9 per.ent . 1,466 381

50 to 74 percent. 1,048 112

75 to 99 percent 1.269 229100 percent 1,354 336

Percent 100 II 100 o

1 t. 24 percent , . 8 10 825 to 19 percent. . 23 1 24 230 ti 74 percent 25 9 27 475 o 19 percent 19 4

100 percent .

public assistance Income

21.2 , 22 4

Tete! 1,351 3991 to 24 percent 254 7225 to to percent inn 81

50 to 74 percen'.. 186 5675 to 99 percent. 74 22100 percent.. . 137 IAN

Percent.1 to 24 percent25 to 49 percent50 to 74 percent73 to 99 percentIon percent

other trans.` -r Income'

total

1 to 24 percent .

23 to 49 percent50 to 74 percent...75 to Si percent1.00 pert er.

Percent.1 to 24 percent25 to 49 percent,lo to 7' percent..75 to 99 percent100 percent

tither unearned income

rotal.

1 to 24 percent.25 to 49 percent.10 to 74 percen'75 to 99 percent1W) percent .

Percent1 to 24 percent25 to 41 percent10 to 74 percent75 to 18 percent100 percent


4,071 9,820 4,041

412 who 224.

416 63. 236 , 143

419 717 . 263 151

1,6.. 1, 132 I, 524 1,,72,199 4,72, 2, 472 2,144

100 n 1.0 1 100.0, 100.06.1 1 6.2 4.6 7.7. 2 0 4 4.9 7 9

8.3 7.5 5 81 9.132.1 31 9 31 51 32 243.3 18.0 53.1

461

1,102

1,236

1,018

1,01.

100 o

22.721 5

21.4

21.0

956

181

22.

130

365

0,011 1 1,159, 1,653576 1.12 446

1,493 3,54 1,1191,002 400 1,202

997 1821 609

1,342 285 1,057

1,1, 11

2.1 4

26.616 422 3

1,338209

315

1:4

00560

1011, 11

9 726.029 4

13.8

21 0

1.0.09 fi

24

25 N17 1

22 7

3981 941

18 15377 236521 141

25 35187 371

1,246 6263 771

27 I

71 -14

264 116

NAN 47m j

1011.0

3.9

6.1

111,8

6..1

100.0

1.1

5.5

5.716.5

67 3

363

21

86

192

92

172

Inn n

34.1

30.6

41161

101

44

24

179

100 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 1011.n 0,0.0 Inn.°

14 7 In. 0 18.9 15. 0 I 14.1 16 3 15.3

22.7 20 3 23.6 23 5 I 19.4 25.1 24.613 7 14 0 13 A 1.5 I3 1 15.0 10.7

5 5 5 5.1 4.5 i 6.3 3.7 9.8

31 3 12 1 38 2 11.91 47 I 19 7 13.0

2,1711 1,051 1,120866 493 17165i 260 116347 147 205161 /44 76

146 75 7n

100 rl1,1 4

3,1 I10

7 46.7

7,3174,1151,241801

351

356

IOn62 317 1

10 4

4 21

4.9

100.016

24 7

13 5H

7 1

2,1021,69;

1052226516

100.070 112 7

a 23 1

4.0

100.o

33 3

15.1

18 1

6

6 2

4,114

2,860145

579

269

262

100.0

58.2

19 2

11.8

1 5

5.3

2,074804578

362

177

155

100.03k 727 .17 4

as7 5

7,10n1,261

1,112ROO

314

351

100an 318.1

11.35.0

5 0

1,0711 1,001

4011 296229 1.111

l5R 30404 8381 70

100.0 100.047.1 29 521 1 34.04

14.7 211 4

8.7 8 37.4 7.0

2,2601,5.4

318

IRS

11

R5

100.070 1

14 1

8.1

3 8

4,1410

2,697995617

263

268

100.055.720.612 75 4

5 1

216

71

26

A

100 0

37.032.913.0

3.7

13.4

293190

21

25

100 067.7

14.1

7,4

2.58.8

35

03

33

74

100.04.7

16.3

29 315.3

34.1

151

20

28

1H

77

100.013.2

18.5

12.9

5.3

51.0

129

17

37

16

13

100 044.228 7

12 4

4.7

lo 1

11R

78

14

It

14

100.066.1

11 9

6.8

3.4

II 1

555 1,153 621

36 65 21

42 01

27 71

49 166 146

300 7.7

100.06.5

4 9

16.165 0

.1.17

12

91

128

5a98

100 o

14.7

16.617 0

26043732610

102

100

16 528 1

lit.))

6.239.2

67

2334

12

16

loom26.439.113.11

2.3

18.4

n Ill. n

5.3

14.4

14.406.3

Inn. a

3.4

3.6

13.9

73 7

5117 167

30 10

119 37

131 3657, 21

161 63

100.0

23 5

25.9

12.8

31.e

3984082

54

15

206

100 010 1

20 7

:3.851.8

197

75

5302

7

33

110.0

38.1

16.2

3.616.8

165 260

112 160

20 38

23

13

11 26

100.0 100.0

67.9 01.515.0 14.0

7.9 8.8

1.81 5.0

0.7 10,0

100.0

6.022,1

21 6

12.6

37.7

110

12

15

fi69

lilt,

10.9

13.6

5.5

62.7

416

a2

24

IR

21

100.0

44.820.7

15.5

0.9

18.1

105

60

13

15

12

100.0

12.1

14.3

4.14

11.4

533

44

11

40MO

330

100 o

8,37.3

7.5

15.061.1

34020

H2

9644

98

100.05.9

24.1

28.212. I

28.8

288

29

67

46

9

137

100.010.1

23.3

16.03.1

47.6

MI

23

27

14

12

loom28.932.917.1

7.3

14.6

154

100

25

14

100.0

64,516,1

5.2

5.7

0.0

28

Table 8. INCOME OF A SPECIFIED TYPE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOMEFAMILIES AND UNRELATEDINDIVIDUALS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS AND SEX AND RACE OF HEAD: 1971 AND 1972Continued

177

;1 7

II 1

7 7

%?.

:11

77

. 4;11,, 7

II :!

17 2 24i ..1.1 2 12

1

tat

Tab

le 9

. ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

-PE

RS

ON

S B

Y F

AM

ILY

ST

AT

US

AN

D R

AC

E: 1

969

TO

197

2.

rt,

$

I ..s

77

laleA

0...t

Is

,

J.I.

s7

ar. 1

.1 m

ot

t3

1.10

11I.

s

.10

is c

: .11

I,',,, I,

It IIS

I'

202

711

277

741

.1

.1,

1..;

112

.3

11

'9

.7

09S

211

001

401

1s'

Sl,

191

,1:1

171

112

93

1I,

'l'

'2

121

11

1.0

571,

12./.

114w

!13

571

'.

67'

I1.

1

.1

7l,

417

.1

2.

5n13 :

305

110

117

i51

.0.

12'

,1A 1

11,

31,

63

29

,:

270

21

10

11

I.7

.6

17

:,

13I6

,8

16

72

,1

11I'

1.1

,5

17

hm 1

31 ,

hl

31 i

it

11

,47

7

3111

1

52 i

22

S

7 5;

.4

,

0/ 073i

.,0io

s 1i

,el

511

fA9.5

.9 ;

2,

a

1

h,

1

lao,o74

1..21,

...

,,

17

0.110

177.4.,

17.1h,

7.,

17).,t,

3 . 1 . 7 2

1 0 , 4 , 1

1. 7 1 5

11

7. . 1

1. , 111,

17. 170

1 It

1 31A alt. -

.

7,001

1

7.21,

h174

I

4,131

173,1

A.71A1

1.010

:5, .

5 , ....tr..

.0,1 ...ter

117M

1.,Ir

ma I..

1.

1,12,

311

1

1.10,,

95 years .1.6! 0,0r.

..

its

:61

71,

....

139

Atte 31

Itt..1

4,,I

l1.

7,1

,,

1I,

.3, .

1,11

11511

l''.7,0

Related .htlaren under IS tears

.1_117

:51.

Other !al.'s members

..

17.3,3 ,

01,

.1?

1

17.4..

:7.3.1

5 ,

16,.14

m,,,,

, , , , ,

, 0 lamIlv...

31,

A Ah

397

, 70

:

A17

A .1.

13

773 79

tnrelat tndtvtd0als

11,19,,

3,3,1

1 . ,11,

1,1",'

I ,'21

11,211

1.211

I .t . 113

12,17A

..1s5

1.021

1.1.7

.51.

.1-1

art ant ""1.

1.2,1

'3.1

Is..

1.173

33S;

167

4:11

1,231

11,,

n."10,

2013

s . -7."

hs I

2.633

.51,

I,353

1,675

0,6

131

1511

3,891

I .0..2

51171111

1,31...

'''''

23,111

7,771

I,737

1.603 :

.10

1.1

Illta

rnt:,

,...

21 ,1

1s3

1,05

5:

, 001

1 ,:"

I,11

,J, ,

16ye

a, .0

,0 ,,

,,.r.

,.",,,161

137.

37.a

:

6a years and over

001

1141

;2

1, e

mu'

,.I,

nil.

971

1..,,

;69

nears att.! .Ver

'21.

.75

27W1fe Af head

3,10a

513

Related ..htlarr under IS years

n.114

1.019

n41

77..

!

Other :artily members ....

..

3,105

176S

267

Mean sile 01 famlly..

...

4.01

.1.511

1.30

.

Irelated tudiv1d0a1A

2.025

787

1117

9i

117

\!. le

I

1,11

1'S

1

338

70

6: ,.cure and over,-

201

;110

31I

11

Female

531

106 !

7.

6:: years And ..,er

341

236

52 I

- _----------

----__

-_

.._

----t

NA Nor avallab1e.

'Based on 1970 cenau9 9.41111411On controls; thereI0re, not s rtt114 comparable to data I,- ...triter year,

httb

14. ba

n 1961. 11.11SUN p0pulatbm ....tr.qs

s, pa

2 i..r .apiara

'Includes a small number o

fatally heads and spouses 14 and

15years old

1.127

Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,S

EX

, AN

D R

AC

E: 1

969

TO

197

2'Sumbers In thousands.

Persons, families. and unrelated Individuals as .1 March

Ike tollowIng year'

Selected characteri,l'es

1972'

4012

tmale

1971'

Male

All

Female

1970

Stile

Femal2

146')

Male

Female

1972'

Male

Female

1471'

Male

Negro

Female

197o

Mal,

1969

Male

".4,

14I

PERS4NS

Educational Attainment

Between 100 and 125 percent

of the low-income level

Total, 22 years old and over

2.174

3,370

2,389

3,47R

2,291

3,183

2,275

3,155

346

579

445

640

415

512!

123

673

No school years completed

70

66

72

67

55

72

77

24

12

21

12

20

22

13

Elementary

954

1,305

1,1)13

1.3Ar1

1.49

1,244

1,1510

1,342

104

211

203

269

201

182

221

225

1to 5 years

342

329

369

336

330

291

353

339

62

71

108

117

149

54

148

93

6 to 8 years

613

977

734

1,047

719

954

776

1,042

143

144

96

193

45

113

132

High school

848

1.604

945

1,697

(199

1.576

826

1,466

145

299

192

323

169

297

168

3o6

1to 3 years

367

717

404

758

402

716

394

679

73

163

14,1

173

85

170

90

165

4 year

482

884

540

940

497

859

434

786

72

137

89

149

84t

123

771

142

College (1 year or more/

301

395

277

324

277

306

246

274

14

53

24

34

21

21

111

28

Percent not a high school graduate

64.

62.1

65.8

63.6

66.2

63.4

70.1

66.5

75.3

67.2

7.14

71.5

71.7

71.2

79.1)

70.3


of the lcm-Income level


2,561

3,326

2,821

3,360

2,787

3,354

2,636

3,201

368

462

56

538

403

609

455

489


62

62

53

40

52

3R

46

4R

15

916

316

317

R

Elementary

992

1,132

1,050

1,130

1,120

1,141

1,135

1,113

153

164

184

189

103

106

193

17i

1to 5 years

283

254

285

235

318

257

346

232

73

62

69

64

78

74

81

43

6 to 8 year'

710

876

766

894

803

841

788

883

80

99

111

127

106

114

113

13(1

High school

1,130

1,761

1,230

1,820

1,262

7,792

1,154

1,732

166

264

208

311

188

241

170

259

1to 3 years

481

680

472

781

545

R34

495

750

91

120

112

167

14/

156

99

134

4 years

648

1,082

757

1,0.10

716

958

660

981

75

143

97

145

84

134

72

125

College II year or more)

378

371

487

370

351

3110

300

307

33

30

55

34

16

24

25

49


60,0

36.3

55.9

911.4

61.1

60.1

63.6

59,8

74.6

62.6

67.0

66.9

75.2

41,5

64.5

Work Experience



Total. 22 to 64 years old

1.465

2,068

1,623

2,243

1,574

2,060

1,535

2,035

263

461

331

497

333

423

361

401

Worked

1.169

991

1,310

1,038

1,296

1,016

1,289

955

203

267

263

274

259

253

:29

285

Full time

1,029

661

1,157

652

1,165

657

1,160

618

173

185

232

171

230

167

279

193

50 weeks or more

621

310

714

279

694

274

007

264

112

108

146

84

131

84

198

94

40 to 49 weeks

109

61

137

76

195

16

131

77

20

18

30

18

55

16

30

23

27 to 39 weeks

118

79

130

105

12/

81

R3

57

10

22

20

2R

21

20

IR

26 weeks or less

IRO

213

177

194

156

225

144

219

2A

37

36

41

24

31

!61

Part time

140

330

153

386

131

359

130

336

30

112

3:

99

28

116

24

93

50 weeks or more

46

117

65

132

64

122

54

131

812

37

10

27

10

46

40 to 49 weeks

22

30

17

26

11

39

13

25

64

49

5IA

24

27 to 39 weeks

20

43

19

50

12

31

18

39

46

16

14

13

26 weeks or less

54

143

56

181

50

167

45

143

13

25

12

39

13

33

30

Did not work

267

1,094

255

1,204

222

1,064

198

1,079

193

61

225

5173

52

197

Main reason for not working:

111 or disabled

183

173

174

172

141

135

129

119

44

57

39

61

44

10

38

15

keeping house

848

946

872

906

119

148

122

141

Going to school

23

26

16

26

20

10

15

12

5In

46

14

3Unable to find work

24

18

17

27

10

25

11

A7

24

Retired

23

16

30

20

51

22

50

30

1

14

Other

14

13

17

12

4In Armed Forces

28

58

55

61

912

Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

DIN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,S

EX

, AN

D R

AC

E: 1

969

TO

197

2Con

tinue

d,comb,.,_ th thooAkhd,

19722

1971'

1.nalv

111

rte..,

1915.45.41

tontitossi

.rk 1.tw. rt

cot. t tem,

and unrelated ludIvItinals as -.1

..IIn,

11

yeat

total. 72

t a 64 ye tr., old

14,1101

'

2.231

2.0)6

2.353

.2.022

w.rk

11.1.

1.75)

1.167

1,732

Pull

t one

1.3A4

1 ...t7

1.623

.979

1,1o,

10 to .19 week.

119

JAI

2.1

27 to 311 weeks

137

1141

11.1

113

26 weeks or IA,-

161

237

904,

247

156

Part lime

132 I

120,

118

102

107

50 weeks or more

121

nt.

157

3H

40 to 44 ,....140

10

59

12

27 to 39 A .... k.

110

Iii

3m

111

Did not work

Main rea.em for not warking.

2541

Ill or disabled

145

Keening house

Going to sett

1124

Unable to f1mi work

18

Heflred

48

Other

18

In Armed forces

70

ccupatton .1,1.11 lass of Worker or 1,0gesT

010


of the low-Income level

work..., 22 to 64 )1,41, old

1,169

Wage aod salary workers, including government

970

Professional and managerial

100

Clerical and sales

67

Craft

and kindred workers

100

Operatives including transport

261

Laborers, except tarn:

161

Farm laborers, managers and supervisors

70

Service workers, except private household

116

Private household workers

2

Self-employed, farm

54

Self-emyloyed, other

142

Unpaid family worker

5



Worked, 22 to 64 years old

1.486

Wage and salary workers, including government

1.252

Professional and managerial

168

Clerical and sales

128

Craft

and kindred workers

283

Operatives including transport

343

Laborers, except farm

138

Farm laborers, managers and supervisors

63

Service workers, ecept private household

130

Private hoUgebolo workers

2

Self-employed, farm

82

Self-employed. other

147

Unpaid family workers

3


141

104

1.113.

217

1.111

201

13H

1114

102

.4o,

1.026

32

17

12

2.

I I

31

I

11

23

83

110

22

'II

2112

,11S2

2,32s

1,201

1.79.

1 ....Di

70

aa17

719

317

!1.163

321

797

103

251

111

217

412

120

Asti

143

142

57

12

3.

176

71"

1:2111

11,

1.231

1117

17

17

77

107

2n

31

02

917

III

1 .71.

176

394

117

1.1

lot

It,.,

11

1:1

71

n 7

fo

110

1.70

1069

val,

1vt1e

11,,..tt

111

to

21 11

1

047

1,311

1.1138

1.294

1,014

1,289

955

203

267

212

271

259

09.1

1,004

401

1,079

902

1,049

0.13

187

257

255

248

116

93

77

113

96

100

49

323

11

G5

177

01

220

92

199

76

170

16

40

10

39

19

10

216

7108

13

201

618

131

-20

173

326

181

314

187

331

211

64

46

94

11

,A,

71

8198

0104

IR

164

551

16,2

27

29

55

21

01

24

61

26

13

315

3I

205

110

469

124

255

113

229

21

00

31

07

35

93

2110

2110

2136

64

70

2

in

106

0914

195

33

2-

1

40

110

49

120

40

135

51

15

64

10

10

42

01

271

11

59

53

1,088

1,756

1,169

1,732

1,2C1

1,729

1.098

247

235

341

258

297

956

1,461

1,047

1,447

1,051

1.459

950

233

231

305

252

277

01

171

104

176

97

134

77

16

710

12

R

253

130

283

117

266

148

210

11

39

17

44

16

14

300

15

3114

10

321

10

32

1

49

540

220

451

214

419

222

454

227

63

57

InEt

39

64

19

192

8199

14

197

754

552

679

18

53

21

64

17

59

11

21

515

216

288

180

307

149

292

143

263

36

04

50

91

30

61

497

4132

2119

31

452

3

787

91(6

4104

63

25

67

179

44

176

70

162

69

14

424

215

57

867

276

273

71

2

'2,10

,211

201

41.3

111

217 12

12:

63

209

200

'410 2

53 7 81

02 2 1

5,1

151a

299

2k.

277

276\

7to \

14

32

\

29

1

111 65

1

12

2

36

87 7.

2

21

0

320

277

304

259

12

14

25

30

51

1

93

49

71

2

10

1

39

80

179

3

21

11 7

Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

1.0

W-

INC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,

Selected characteristics

FAMILIES

Educational Attainment of Head


of the 1.w-income level



Elementary

1to 5 yearn

6 to 8 years

H1gh school

1 to 3 years

4 yea r

College it yeur or

Pr

lent not a high school graduate




Sc school years completed

Elementary

1to 5 years

6 to 8 years

High school

1to 3 years

4 years

College ll veer or morel


Work Experience of Head


or the low-income level

Total, 22

t,. 64 yuart old

Worked

Full t

'weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or less

Part time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 week

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or less

Old not work


tll or disabled

Keeping house

Going to school

Unable to find work

Retired

Other

In Armed Forces.


SE

X, A

ND

RA

CE

: 196

9 T

O 1

972-

Con

tinue

dINumbers in thousands.

Pers.ns, famtlies, and unrelated individuals as of March of the 111,..ing year/

or2

%lie

Female

All races

1971'

Male

Female

hale

1.611

559

1.914

48

13

45

713

:165

826

250 ,

45

259

464

122

566

656

333

759

284 ,

153

327

371

180

432

194

15

194

64.9

59.7

66.0

7.979

4.:`

2,217

12

39

42

767

114

R21

211

28

217

556

87

603

913

2110

1,013

375

96

3R9

539

183

623

259

43

340

59.7

1,132

9.19

865

573 99

93

Ill 94

30

11

16 27

151

117

10

11 26

49.7

56.5

438

280

210

122 2329

39 70

34 7

27

15 7

37

113 4

1,259

1,061

987

631

114

114

128

94

39 12

12

30

126

94 2 6 19 5 53

542 15

IRO .

39

142

313

140

17233

1970

Female

1,731

39

45

5

797

151

249

14

149

107

no

250

106

392

143

177

34

67.1

67.1

399

103 29 72

245

107

13R52

2.220

35

971

231

6.10

1,054

44R

605

262

52.1

61.0

412

267

198 97

22

324R

69

28 8 14

20

175 32

125 7 4 4

1,214

1,051

975

615

167

93

99

76

41

22

114 82 3

24

49

59.7

" 1 '

2

134

31

103

200

Ion

100

46

61.8

359

219

15675

19

24

36

63

22

11

22

140

14

120 2 2

1969

Male

renal,

1,739

49

9511

265

506

66 7"

325

342 73!

70.4:

2,143 30

R96

259

638

997

428

561

228

63.2

1,199

1,047

97:17

11970

97

59

197/'

Male

I

493

'

236

3IS

194

114

49

15

136

69

45

I2o

49

137

47

41

12

63.4

75.1

353

123

37

/16

205

71

134

21

56.0

400

254

192 9630

15 39

72

27 5 3

2n

36

110

146

72 6

30

45

16

121 2 3

2531097

19

4R

125

5966

23

65.0

191

163

143 97

IR

10

IR

20 5 4

26

25

175

55 16

38

11059

52 8

65.9

110

2n 6

14

R5

42 13 7

55.4

148 95

72

Sn 7 6

23

15 7

5.1

21

31

vegro

1971'

Male

iFemale

1970

I1969

Vale

Female

Male

female

312

,

170

275

,

126

29R

157

v:

315

12

137

!

62

113

341

15

62

66

.76

'

99

21

IF::

71

,69

'

29

AA

40

133

:

103

-

74

120

AR

49

53

11

66

45

57

,19

'

32

51

1 7

'

a9

I I

6

75.5

,65.7

77.

18.3

78.2

69.9

322

199

16

133

13

56

13

77

28

141

62

91

39

62

23

32

71.0

73.4

219

111

176

115

23

15

23

15 1. 4

1 11

16

1.19

86

61 32 4

16

25

13 2 5 5

17

40 1 3

283

1 1

1''1

1.4

II

'

1

127

II

141

39

56

11,

55

10

70

29

87

28

135

1135

54

74

:31

N9

22

Mn

'

3.

55

33

IR

10

67.1,

70.1

58.7

220

112

,250

I83

75

i222

165

-

53

214

155

I26

15

,

617

IR

19 5 2

23 3

I

140 95

72

52

24

15

no

24

I44

10

IR

77

4

121

10

33

Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,S

EX

, AN

D R

AC

E: 1

969

TO

197

2Con

tinue

d

Selected eharaeterlsties

FAMILIES--ContinutA

Wor1,14.31n2rteree

Or3,1 ,Nolnned

Retween 125 and 15o poreen,

of 'he °'~~ level

Mts.'. 22 to 64 years old

Worked

Full time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or ipso

Port time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or

Did not

not work

Rain reason for not working:

111 or disabled

Keeping house

Going to school

Unable to find work

Retired

Other

In Armed Forces

Income of Specified Type [LS POreent

pf Total Income

Between 100 and .125 percent


Income from~~~"

1 to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Social Security income

1 to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Public assistance income

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Other transfer payments'

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Other unearned income'

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent


-

to72- 1

1-71Ale

I

Female

1

24

143

811

13 4

31 13

67

370

?.

221

124 33

41

111

16

17

14

101

211

75 5 2

male

111 raers

1,71'

FyntAly

MAI0

1.653

3111

1.158

2119

.'70

370

195

9811

132

1511

17

132

28

129

20

86

74

37

37

11

12

12

6

30

17

117

77

39

15 2 7

79

14

57 1 3 1

.661

.466

.195

,1113

183

1.9

.2

69

2. 9 4

26

110

72 3

30

R7

ten.1) 320,

231

142

108 29

351

43

21 5

11 02

57

1.910

272

1.477

192

1,411

157

1.077

88

173

21

87

13

77

25

67,

33

22

11

1..

14

3

21

12

113

171

17 1

32

MO

.310

11.11,11y

26

190

171

114 20 19

13

19 5 1 3 3

46

83

75

48 6

15 2 4 2

13 1

12

2,0

40

217

94

239

57

199

11

'.2`)

23

5

21

12

11'

7

17

12

22 10

11

----

-ic

or,

..--

IL, I

v

1

/..,..

. I.. -

I

IN

r,

It

23

1

1,292

395

1.106

399

(NA/

(NA)

(NA)

(NA,

220

142

262

129

(NA)

'NA)

(NA 1

INA )

211

133

182

148

INA)

INA1

(NA)

(NA1

36

31

40

49

(NA/

151/

1111 1

(SA/

411

158

435

/46

(NA/

(NA)

1NA/

1NA)

53

67

92

44

IS.41

IS1)

IN11

INA/

670

104

560

104

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NAI

129

43

141

36

(NA/

(SA1

INA)

1NA,

599

192

566

201

(NA)

(SA1

,NA)

(NA,

70

44

89

3R

1SA1

fNA

;(NA.

1441

150

101

14R

110

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

31

34

32

24

INA.

'NA

)(NA,

NA

1317

61

200

76

(NA,

(NM

(NA,

(NA,

37

752

10C

NA

,54

I(NA1

INA,

131

27

130

15

(NA)

(NA)

INA/

(NA)

14

54

1NA)

(NA,

(NA.

1NA1

214

259

160

247

INA)

(NA/

(NA)

(NA)

55

109

80

113

CNA,

!SA/

(SAI

!SA1

160

129

125

107

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA/

42

62

68

42

INA/

ISA/

11141

(NA,

10

74

27

72

1101

(NA/

(NA/

1NA/

10

21

936

(NA,

,A,

INA1

13

56

766

(74/

(NA,

(NA)

(NA1

325

335

(NA,

CNA,

CN

Ac

4NA

C

262

75

257

75

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

30

17

40

14

(NA)

ISA/

(NA/

(SA/

217

64

214

61

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

22

14

35

13

(NA,

(NA,

(NA,

39

11

39

15

(NAI

(NA/

(NA)

(NA)

93

6I

INA/

111.11

IZAA:

(NA)

54

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

--

(NA/

(NA/

INA/

1 SA 1

399

165

443

161

(NA)

(NA)

(NA1

(NA/

21

24

40

29

INA/

(SA1

(NA/

INA/

370

117

416

134

INA1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

21

22

37

26

(NA,

,NA,

(NA/

(NA1

21

36

26

21

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

-2

13

(NA,

,NA)

(NA/

(NA)

812

26

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

INA,

--

I(NA,

iNA1

(NA)

(NA,

Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,S

EX

, AN

D R

AC

E: 1

969

TO

197

2Con

tinue

d(Numbers in thousands.

Persons. families, and unrelated individuals as of March of the following year)

Selected characteristics

FAMILIESContInued

Income df Specified Type as

1972'

Female

1971'

Male

All rac.

Female

1970

Male

Female

1469

Male

Femal

Vale

Nygrio

1474

t Female

Male

Female

1909

i

Female

1471'

Male

Male

t!

Male

Female

Percent of Total IncomeContinued


of the lee-Income level


1,623

301

1,910

337

INA,

ISA,

(s4/

(NA/

231

104,

314,

46

'NA,

cs4/

'NA)

Na'

tto 49 percent

107

102

234

67

PICA)

(Na)

(NA)

'NA).

In'

29,

26

21

"NA/

,s4,

'NA)

NA ,

Sin to 99 percent

516

175

676

154

(NA)

INA)

INA)

(NA)

71

135

91

42

(NA,.

(NA)

'NA)

'54)

lint percent

909

84

1,000

97

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

143

401

198.

33

'54)

(NA)i

(NA)

ISA)

Social Security Income

683

172.

644

126

INA)

INA)

INA)

INA)

65

23

54!

32

INA('

'NA':

(44)

INA)

1to 49 percent

44

206

50

INA/

(NA'

INA)

INA)

33

12

33.

25

(NA,

'NA'

INA)

No to 99 percent

353

lo. percent

129

71

307

62

INA)

(NA)

(NA,

16

41

INA)

INA,

(SA)

NA I

2.39

1(2,

7"s4):

'NA..

INA'

(NA)

(NA,

'NA,

INA)

(NA,

Public assistance Income

173

152

173

143

(NA)

(NA)

INA,

(NA)

43

52

38

45

INA'.

(NA,

(NA'

ISA,

1to 49 percent

142

105

158

67

(NA)

INAI

(NA)

(NA)

36

29!

34

30

INA):

INA'

INA/

(NA)

50 to 99 percent

16

35

11

25

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

719'

INA)

(NA'

(NA)

INA'

100 percent

13

.4

11

(NA)

(NA)

/NA)

'NA)

41

6(SA)

(NA',

INA)

INA,

Other transfer payments.

303

69

441

63

INA)

(NA)

(NA)

INA,

31

In'

ISA)

INA'.

(NA'

INA,

1to 49 percent

261

62

392

55

(NA)

(NA)

(NA'

INA'

28

11

45

16

(NA)

(NA'

(NA)

(NA)

5(1 to 99 percent

40

642 ,

5(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

3INA)

(NA,

INA'

INA)

100 percent

31

INA'

(NA)

INA)

INA/

2INA)

"NA'.

(NA)

(NA)

Other unearned income.

6)11

173

653

168

INA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)'

26

20

37

20

(NA)

(SA,

INA)

INA)

1to 49 percent

557

147

624

144

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

INA)

27

17

36

27

'NA,

(NA,

'NA)

INA)

50 to 99 percent

38

24

24

20

(NA)

I(NA)

INA)

INA)

41

INA,

INA'

(NA)

INA)

100 percent

63

f.

4INA)

(NA'

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

'NA'

(NA)

ISA)

CNRELATED INDITIDCALS

Educational Attainment




405

1,066

344

967

336

087

317

771

67

105

55

115

39

64

554

642

So school years completed

14

19

18

711

11

17

45

32

Elementary

1to 5 years

18171

474 99

177

65

434

98

151

36

404

72

168

368

52

70

41

13

49

10

66

25

37

21 5'

34

11

32

11

31

15

6 to 8 years

108

375

112

336

116

333

116

298

27

28

13

34

16

21

22

16

High school

125

398

92

309

103

330

AR

309

21

37

11

36

23

25

21

23

1 to 3 years

52

189

37

162

41

142

44

159

11

24

723)

1(1i

12

13

15

4 years

72

210

55

225

62

191

45

150

911

412

13

13

fl

A

College Il year or more)

07

174

68

125

76

142

S2

78

15

4A


60.6

64.0

64.5

63.7

59.2

62.6

69.7.

7..5

75.0

81.4

(B)

(II,

(Ill





391 7

781

12

393 5

671

332 4

626 5

267 fl

576

09

70

56

65

38

55

35

50

Elementary

151

307

158

263

15n

242

149

244

32

39

22

36

19

22

23

27

1 to 5 years

44

64

41

52

53

44

54

39

14

17

14

10

12

6 to 4 years

105

243

116

231

98

199

92

206

19

23

19

21

12

13

11

19

High school

141

328

124

285

115

263

71

242

24

36

23

27

13

29

424

I to 3 years

68

150

47

130

63

122

27

115

17

21

12

11

14

117

4 years

71

178

70

155

54

139

46

125

714

11

16

315

37

College (1 year or more)

93

133

106

03

62

114

39

86

In

36

22

7


57.7

60.1

53.2

62.9

65.3

59.4

68.0

63.5

(11

00.0

(B)

(B)

(1)


Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,

level rl

level

(Numbers

1970

--

F. emale

29n

194

135

7(1

16

17

31 5926 13

14

96

4335

13 2

258

198

160 59

23

25

43

38 18 6 6

10

59

23 29 5

350

115

91

143

SE

X, 1971'

Male 162'

10777

31

13

25

I30

I15 1 .7

52

31 3 4

217

180

144 58

17

24

42

36 13 5

19

34

21 3 3 4 4

200

48

50

193

AN

D R

AC

E:

All races

Female 268

liE

13

12

21

74 35

11 5

24

108

5632 6 2

1(1

213

173

106 46

12

22

25

67

34 10 9

12

41

19

18

290

101 84 106

197(1

Male 171

122 82

3(1

14

16

22

41'

12 3

2(1

.12

27 )

165

129

114

51

16 14

32

15 7 2 5

30

If

10 4

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1969

TO

1972

--C

ontin

ued

1969

Male 171

(3:1')

62 5

10

22

39

14 5 5

15

:13

22 - - 1 R I

125

115

87 50

10 6

23

29

11 2 4

11 7 2

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

female

19448,

11:1';:

26

371

17, 6;

fi H

58

21 261

_ -I

11 -1

221

166,

130

59

19

18

35

38 19 7 7 6 54

19

22 2

10

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1972.

it

1.6

171

12 6 - 2

) i3

I

IS

I

15

:

4

It

48

33

30 11 2 9 9 3 3 15 7 3 4

26 9

14

Female 53

38

20

13 6 0 3

46

42

36 15 7 3 5 3

50

10

14

26

1971)

Male

3327

211

N 21

- - 6 ti

50

37

37

20 6 14

12 2

487

24

!leg),

Female 61

42

31

15 3 6

I

11 2

1

19

1;

41

39

26 19 2 5

13 fl 4 1 2

56 14 33

Female

Selected chttrectertst1es

---

---

UNKEL)TED INDIVIIX

- -Con' I nued

Work ksperien7t,

1970

Male

1

1969

Male 191

133

92 3

20

50

41 12 3 17

57

36 3 3

13 1

214

162

123 46

12

26

38

39

13

10 8

49

27 4

12.

198

5957 82

F--female

:1:1(1(11

1;2(:1

13

54

51)

22 ft 7

17

95

43

38 2 - 8

237

177

14472

26 15

27

33 16 6 3 8

59

2325 2 9

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Male

Female

32:

21:

16, 3 SI

1,

2

10

2

27

21

21 1 5 5 4

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

36

23 7

11 11 37

33

16

10 1 1 5 4 3

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

.I

T1 1

3130 1 3 1 .1

26

26

22 12 0 3 2 2 -

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

32

21

14 1 2 9 2

42

41

30

16 2 5 7

11 3 1 1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

iiViWee3 IOU and 125 percent of tLe I,.-ln..vne

Total. 22 to 64 years of

Worked

Full time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or less

Purl time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks ur less

Did not work


III or disabled

Keeping house

Going to school

Unable to find work

Retired

Other

In Armed Forces

Between 125 and 150 percent af the low-Income

Total, 22 to 64 years old

Worked

Full time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

26 weeks or less

Part time

50 weeks or more

40 to 49 weeks

27 to 39 weeks

16 weeks or less

Did not work

Main ree.son for not working:

ill or disabled

Keeping house

Going to school

Unable to find work

Retired

Other

In Armed Forces

Income

ofSpecified Type as Percent

of Total Income

Between 100 and 125 percent of the low-income


'

1 to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent


Tab

le 1

0. S

ELE

CT

ED

CH

AR

AC

TE

RIS

TIC

S O

F P

ER

SO

NS

, FA

MIL

IES

, AN

D U

NR

ELA

TE

D IN

DIV

IDU

ALS

BY

ALT

ER

NA

TE

LO

W-I

NC

OM

E L

EV

ELS

,

Selected characterl.ties

ISI,

N.14 111141.s.

0111

1111

M,

otwo of .4pecs t ted Ty_pe ar Percent

ot Tot al_Incom2.--ConlIntsed

between 100 wnd 125 percent

ot the low-Income level--Gatilmled


1to 49 percent

in to 90 percent

100 percent

Public assistance income

1to 19 percent

5. to 99 percent

100 percent

Other tran,tor payments'

Ito 49 percent

SO to 99 percer4

100 percent

Other unearmed income'

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent


of th,

low-income le.el

Income from earning'

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 Percent


1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Public aSsistance income

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Other transfer paymentw'

1to 49 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

Other unearned income'

1to 19 percent

50 to 99 percent

100 percent

ANtAmbers In thousand,.

1472'

SE

X, Per,on,,

1471'

Male

CI 40

57

21 17

?Ai

1.2

52 12

100

H3 5

12

29H

47

10S

144

183

47

126

10

20 9 5 7

113

76

31

187

173

13 1

AN

D R

AC

E:

tamil

111 race,

Female 725

166

44664

172

91 36

45

164

134

15

10

550

456 76

17

306

94 98

114

494

184

294

15

Cl

34

37

120

R5

32 9

420

352

59 9

1969

TO

and unrelated

1 07i

1972

Con

tinue

dindivlorials an of March

1964,,smaie

ot the

t

1472'

year'

10-1'

male

23 7 7 1

121

51

4 9 1

43 3 5

35

12 5 3 7 7

11 6 5

107.

1960

57

46

814

66

20

22

24 sa -19 5

138

115

17 6

251

6556

130

195 36

126

32

37 16

11

10

118

70

33

15

151

127

19

4emale 707

129

522

136

181

R1 48

52

151

120

IR 7

518

440

53

24

314 70

91

116

558

147

37337

R5

4629

11

170

128

32

11

443

367

64

12

Male 'NA'

'Na'

(NA,

'NA1

(NA)

INA1

(NA1

(NA/

(NA)

1511

(NA)

(NA)

INA/

'NA)

(NA)

INA.

(NA)

(NA)

(NA,

(NA)

,NA1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

.NA)

(NA)

INA)

'NA)

(NA1

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

(NA/

(NA)

(NA)

female

INA.

15,A1

(NA)

(NA1

'NA)

(NA)

1NA)

(NI'

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA,

'Na)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA1

Na)

( 'Na)

Na)

( (Na)

1NA1

(NA'

INA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA'

1NAI

1NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

41010 0.4'

'NA)

CNA)

(NA

(NA,

(5A1

(N41

ISA,

(NA)

(N41

.NA.

(NA)

(NA'

(NA'

(NA)

1NA)

(NA1

(NA)

INA1

01A1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA/

INA)

INA/

15(4.4,:

INA)

(NA'

(NA.

INA)

(NA'

(NA1

'NA)

(NA'

INA)

(NA,

(NA',

tsA1.

tNA)I

INA)

'NA'

(NA)

INAS

(NA)

INA)

Na)

( (NA)

INA'

(NA)

'NA)

(NA1

(NA)

ISA)

'NA'

t1441

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA,

(NA1

(NA)

iNA )

(NA)

(NA)

(N41

INA)

(NA)

17:7)

(NA/

(Na'

36

12

14

10

22 5 6

11

13 6 5 2 9

41 7

26

23 6

IR

12 7 3 3

24

15 3 3

Fernal.

31 27 7

2:11

13 4

24 17 6

`01 8

10

32

24 18

11( 7

1r1,,

11) 9 1

lemale 5

,2

2.1

24

53

25 11

17

15

12 2 1 14

13 2

51

12

12 27

30

10

10 2 5 2 4 2

18

15

,NA,

(NA'

(cox'

('.Al

,N41

INA'

tNA)

,NA,

,NA,

INA.

(NAol

,NA,

.°.

tN411

(NA1

'NA)

(NA)

NA 1

(NA)

INA)

INA)

(NA)

INA)

(NA)

INA/

1SA1

(NA)

(NA)

ANA,

(NA1

'NA/

(NA)

(NA,

1NA)

temalr

'NA,

.=.

INA1

(NA/

1511.

(NI'

'NA'

.50'

'NA'

'NA'

(NA'

(NA.

'`^

',At

t,lt

1N4'

,N.

(NA'

(NA)

.54'

'NA,

INtl

(NA

(541

(NA)

'NA'

(Nit

Oil)

(NA,

INA1

I

'°.

INA'

'NA)

1

t%A,

tNA1

t Male

-- '

NA)

(NA)

,NA)

'NA'

1NA)

NA

INA'

`NA,

(NA)

NA/

NA)

,NA)

INA'

(NAP

1NA1

ISA)

(NA)

tAt

,,A)

.NA)

'NA,

NA1

(NA)

1NA/

1N4)

INA'

(541

:INA)

4NA1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1541

(NA)

tNA)

'NA)

lemalv `NA,

t5A/

'NA'

1NA1

1514,

1NA)

'NA/

(NA)

(NA,

(N41

(NA)

11-141

(NA)

174A1

INA)

tNA1

(NA'

(NA(

(NA)

1NA/

1NA1

(NA'

(NA)

INA)

tNA

'Na'

tN.11

(NA'

1NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA1

'NA'

- Represents zero.

6 Base less than 75,090

NA Not aviAllable.

'Based on 19-0 census population controls. therefore, not strictly comparable to data for earlier years which are based on 1960 census population controls.

3er page

for exp station.

'Unemployment and workmen's compensation. government employee pens ons, and veterans' payments.

'Dividends, interest. rent, private pensiona, annuities, alimony. etc.

37

Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972

!Numbers to thousands. Persons as "I March ''I the ti.11oaing year. For a list cd States contatned In open region see appendix Al

Yawl iv stixtus Ind vette Stot,

dfcg ton

011

Reg I In

II(Nw

6'1'17EPhiladel-

ohla)

Region

IV

lAtlanta.

Reg um

(Chicago/

RegionVI

(Dallas-Fort

Worth)

Reston

VII

(KansasVityl

RegionVIII

(Denver)

RegionIX

(Sanrancisco

Region

(Seattle)

1'1 f2'

Races

All Income lesels

Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h o u s a n d s 206,004 12,731 24,363 23,967 31,815 44,352 21,651 11,101 5,214 23,876 6,890Percent 335 years and over 9.8 9.9 10.9 9.2 10.. 9.2 9.7 11.6 8.0 9.0 9.1

Percent I'm., 100.o 100.o 11111.9!

100.o lo... 100.0 100.0 100.0In tomtit, 91.4 91.7 00.8 92.4 92.8 91.7 91.3 89.6 90.1Head, 16 years and over..... ... 26.4 25.6 20.0 26.3

. 27.2 25.1 26.4 26.9 25.6 26.5 26.9Female 3.2

wife of head 22.5

4.1

21.0,

' 21.3 22.0

3.5 3.1

22.6 22.72.5

23.7

2.1

22.93.3

22.42.8

23 5Related children under 18 years 32.8 32.8 30.9 32.2 32.. 33.7 34.4 32.6 35.3 1 32.3 32.3

Related chtldrer under . years .. 0.4 10.0 9,3 9.9 9.8 10.3 9.6 11,9 10.2 10.3Other family members 10.2 11.5 12.7 12.0 ! 10.2 9.9 9.3 8.4 7.7 1 8.3 7.3

Unrelated indtvIduals 5,2 8.3 9.2 7.5 7.1 7.6 7.2 8.3 8.5 10.3 10.0

Below e .,m. level

Number thousands. , 24.160 1,113 : 2,159 2,492 ' 5,490 3,803 4,133 1,276 570 2,630 778Percent .5 years and r. .. 15 3 11.3 15.0 14.1 ' 16. 17.2 15.2 19.4 9.6 9.4 15.6

..

Percent 1110.0 1' o... : 100.11 100.0 100.0 100... 100.0 100.0 101.0 11)11,0 100.0In famille. 80.0 75.0 . 74.4 80.4 84.7 75.1 85.3 76.3 79.6 79.0 73.1Head, 16 years and over 20.7 20.1 ! 19.3 20.5 21.1 20.5 21.1 20.3 19,5 211.9 21.7

Female 8.8 11.6 . 11.1 9.7 i 7.6 9.9 7.0 6.3 5.6 9.4 12.0Wife of head 11.3 . 8.1 . 7.5 10.2 13.0 10.0 13.6 13.4 12.8 10,9 9,5Related children under 18 years' 41.3 43.3 40.6 41.5 41.5 39.4 42.3 39.0 42,5 42.1 40.5

Related children under . years 13.4 13.1 ; 14.7 11.7 13.0 13.4 13.4 11.4 16.7' 14.3 13.1Other family members 6.7 3.4 7.0 8.1 9.0 5.4 8.3 3.5 .1.9 5.1 1.4

Unrelated individuals 241.0 25.0 5.6 19.S 15.3 24.5 14,7 23.7 20,2 21.0 26.1

Percent below Inn-mr.m level

Total 1! . 9 1..4 17.2 ; 8.6 19.1 11.5 10.9 11.0 11.365 yearn and over 15.6 13.0 13.5 15.9 27.0 16.1 29.9 19.3 13,5 11.5 19.3

In famllies 10.3 7.3 7.3 9.0 15.7 7.0 17.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 9.2Head, 16 years and over 9.3 7.1 6.6 8.1 13.4 6.7 15.3 8.7 8.3 8.7 9.1

Female 32.6 33.9 26.0 28.9 37.2 .29.5 43.5 "6.7 29.1 30.9 47.4

aUfe of head 5.0 3.3 3.1 9.8 3.8 11.4 6.5 6.1 5.4 4.6Related childrer under 18 years' 14.9 11.9 11.7 13.4 22.0 10.0 23.5 13,7 13.1 14.3 14.2

Related chi, en under 6 years 15.1 14.5 13.1 13.0 22.6 . 11.8 24.7 14.7 15,3 15.4 14.4Other family members 7.9 2.5 v.9 7.0 15.2 4.5 17.0 4.7 6.5 6.9 2.2

Unrelated individuals 29.1 . 27.1 24.8 25.9 36.8 , 27.8 38.9 32.8 25.9 22.4 30.3

Negro

All Income levels

Number thousands. 23.111 477 2,851 3,452 6,279 1 3,962 3,324 850 75 1,687 156Percent 65 years and over 1.3 2.9 6.7 8.8 . 5.1 8.9 7.1 6.7 4.8 3.2

Percent 100.0 100.0 loo.. 100.0 lon.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 . 100.0 100.0In families 91.2 89,5 89.8 91.3 92.1 92.0 92.2 88.1 88.0 88.4 92.3

Head, 16 years and over 22.8 23.1 23.6 22.5 21.7 22.9 22.9 20.0 26,7 26.2 25.6Female 7.9 9.2

19.4 8.9 7.1 7.4 7.1 8.5 1.3 8.4 7.7

Wife of head 13.8 12.4 12.6 12.5 13.8 14.5 14.9 10.4 18.7 16.5 12.8Related children under 18 years' 40.9 49.7 40.4 30 3 40.9 0.7 43.6 44.6 37.3 37,2 46.2Related children under 6 years 12.9 16.1 16.2 10.3 14.4 12.5 13.9 13.9 20.0 12.6 16.7

Other family members 13.6 1.8 13.2 18.0 15.7 14.0 10.9 13.2 5.3 8.5 7.7Unrelated individuals 19.1 10.2 8.7 7.9 8.0 7.8 11.9 '2.0 11.6 7.7


Number thousands.. 7,724 175 658 ' 1,076 2,533 987 1,539 297 5 414 41Percent 65 years and over ...... 8.3 6.2 8.3 11.1 5.6 9.2 6.1 (10 3.4 (13)

Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (RI 100.0 (B)

In familtes 88.7 91.4 88.6 87.9 89.6 88.0 90.4 86.2 (111 82.4 (B)

Head, 16 years and over 19.7 20.0 21.0 18.9 19.0 20,7 20.2 17.5 (11) 21.1 (B)

Female 12.. 17.7 17.2 12.7 10. 15.4 10.7 13.1 (10 14.3 00Wife of head 6.. 1.7 3.6 : 5.7 8.2 4.2 9.0 3,4 (10 6.5 (El)

Related children ruder 18 years' 02.4 68.0 57.6 52.7 50.0 54.6 50.9 60.3 (8) 46.7 (B)

Related childrel under 6 years 16.5 21.1 23.7 13.8 14.4 17.9 16.0 21.2 (10 17.4 (10

Other family mers'(ers

Unrelated indivIduals10.011.3

1.7

8.6 6.411.410.8

1 12.1

12.4

10.4

8.6

12.0

10.39.6

5.1

13.8

(11)

(13)

8.017.6

(10

(B)


38

Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,ANC RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued

(Numbers In thousands. Persons as of March of the folluaing year. For a lint of Staten contained in each region see appendix Al

Family statos and year

Negro--Continued

Percent beloa loa-tncome level

Total65 year! and over

In familiesHead, 16 year, and over

Femalew ife of head.

Related ,held ran under 18 years'Related children under 6 yea!,

Other family membersUnrelated indtvlduala

1971'

All haven

All tnmome le eeel

Number thousandsPercent 65 years and ov r

PercentIn tamilles

Head, 16 years and overFemale

O tte of head

Relaten chtltren under 18 years'Related cntldren un2e.; 6 years

Other fatally membersUnrelated Individuals

Below lox-income level

Number thousands..Percent 65 peers and ever

PercentIn families

Head, 16 years and overFemale

W ife of heed

Related children under 18 yearn'Related children under 6 year,

Other family membersUnrelated individuals

Percent beles low-income level

Total65 years and er

In familiesHead, 16 years and over

Female* Are of head .

Related children under 18 years'Related children under A years

Other family ::tubersUnrelated indtviduals

vegrn

All income levels

NumberPercent 67 years and over

thousands..

PercentIn familiesHead, 15 years and over

FemaleWife of headRelated children under 18 years'

Related children under 6 yearOther family members

Unrelated individuals


nitedStutes

Keg Inn

(Bostonl

RegtonII

(Koh:York)

RegionIll

Philadel-phla1

RegionIV

(Atlanta)

Region

(Chicago)

RegionVI

(Dallas-Fort

Worth)

RegionVII

(Kansas

City)

Region('Ill

(Denver)

Region

IX

(Nan

Francisco)

Region

(Scott Id)

33.4 36.7 23.1 31.2 40.3 24.9 46.3 34.967

24.6 26.339.9 ,11, 49,4 311.2 50.9 27.1 48.1 (B) (1R/ 17.3 (111)

32.5 27.3 22.8 30.0 39.2 23.8 45.4 34.2 (B1 22.9 24.329.0 31.8 2(1.5 26.1 35.2 22.5 40.9 (91 1 19.7 (B)

53.4 (81 42.0 59.0 52.1 70.2 kb) (8) ; 41.8 (9)

16.1 (B, n.7 14.2 24.0 7.1 11.4 (111 I 9.7 (9)

12.9 50.2 32.9 42.9 49.3 33.4 54.1 47.2 (II/ 30.7 (9/

42.6 48.1 33.H 41.6 48.0 35.8 53.3 53.4 (9) 34.0 (B)

24.0 .13) 11.2 18.5 ' 31.8 15.4 43.8 13.4 (B) 23.6 (91

42.9 (9) 25.7 43.3 53.3 37.2 56.9 40.6 (9/ 37.8 (9)

204,554 11,724 24,392 23.476 33,440 45,639 20,006 9,814 5,640 23,659 6,7579.7 10.5 10.1 9.2 10.5 9.6 ; 3.1 12.6 8.1 8.6 8.5

'

100.0 200.0 100.0 100.0 100.. 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.092.0 91.6 91.3 92.5 93.2 92.4 ; 93.1 90.9 92.4 90,0 91.22n, 25.7 i 25.8 26.0 26.4 25.9 l 26.2 27.3 24,7 25.7 26.83.0 3.1 : 3.6 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.1 2.6 1.9 3.1 2.6

22.4 21.9 1 21.3 22.1 32.5 22.7 22.6 24.1 22.2 21.9 23.633.5 : 32.1; 31.8 32.7 33.7 34.0 35.2 31.8 37.6 33.6 33.810.1 ; 9.6 , 9.8 9.7 10.1 10.2 11.2 9.. 11.3 10.0 11.010.1 11.9 : 12.3 11.7 10.6 9.7 9.2 7.7 7,9 8.8 6.98.t 8,4 : 9.7 7.5 6.8 7.6 6.9 9.1 7.6 10.0 8.8

25,559 954 t 2,395 2,504I

61;2.81

4,412 3,811 1,346 498 2,631 380

16.7 20.2 : 19.7 15.6 19.2 14.3 22.3 19.7 9.4 14.6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.079.8 74.7 77.1 76.9 85.1 76,3 85.1 75.7 69.0 79.0 74.520.7 21.1 20.5 20.1 21.3 20.7 20.5 20.7 18.3 20.1 22.38.2 9.9 10.5 8.3 7.9 8.7 7.2 5.3 5.6 9.6 8.2

11.9 10.7 I 9.0 10.9 12.9 11.5 12.7 14.7 12.1 10.8 13.5

40.5 38.9 41.1 39.0 41.5 38.7 44.3 35.5 34.8 42.7 35.6

13.7 14.3 , 12.5 13.0 13.3 13.8 15.1 10.9 14.5 14.9 15.06.7 4.1 6.5 6.9 9.4 5.4 ' 1.7 4.8 3.6 5.4 3.1

20.2 25.3 , 22.9 23.1 14.9 23.7 14.9 24.3 31.0 21.0 25.5

12.5 R.1 9.9 10.7 18.3 9.7 1.C.0 13.7 8.8 11.1 13.0

21.6 15.7 19.2 18.1 29.9 19.4 30.1 24.3 21.4 12.3 22.2

10.8 6.6 : 8.3 8.9 16.7 8.0 17.4 11.4 6.6 9.8 10,6

9.9 6.7 7.8 8.2 14.8 7.7 14.9 10.4 6.5 8,7 10.8

33.9 . 25.5 29.0 28.3 44.2 31.0 45.0 28.1 25.9 711 5 41.66.6 4.0 4.2 5.3 10,5 4.9 10.7 8.4 4.8 7.5

15.1 9.9 1 12.7 12.7 22.6 11.0 24.. 15.3 8.1 14.1 13.7

16.9 12.1 12.6 14.3 24.0 13.1 25.6 16.5 11.3 16.6 17.88.3 5.2 6.?

14g:23

5.4 16.0 8.5 4.3 6.8 5.831.6 24.4 25.7 32.9 29.9 41.2 36.7 35,7 23.2 38.6

22,812 449 : 3,52 3,459 6,588 3,711 2,981 7.18 126 1,594 1086.9 I 1.3 5.7 6.2 9.1 5.1 7.3 8.7 9.8 6.5 4.6

!

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10(1.0 100.0 100.0 100.091.7 91.8 ! 90.1 91.1 93.2 91.8 92.7 92.1 96.0 88.3 86.122.6 22.9 23.9 21.8 21.6 23.6 21.7 24.3 27.8 24.5 23.1

7.2 9.6; 9.7 7.3 7.5 6.4 6.6 2.4 8.2 4.6

14.2 12.7 : 13.8 13.0 14.1 14.6 14.6 17.0 23.0 14.7 17.6

41.5 49.4 ; 40.0 40.5 41.3 42.3 43.8 41.2 37.3 39.6 34.313.1 14.7 14.7 12.3 12.4 13.7 14.0 14.3 10.? 11.7 7.4

13.4 6.7 12.5 5.8 16.2 11.2 12.6 9.6 7.9 9.5 11.1

8.3 8.2 9.9 8.9 6.8 8.2 7.3 7.9 4.0 11.7 13.9

39Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS- PERSONS-BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,

AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued,,--,.

I Malh (no oll.ming year. For a list of States contained in each region see appendix A1

n ed ,,,11(1

111.,41.11 n 1

Segr 41, 1,111

Number . thousands

In familiesHead. 16 Nears and ,VI

Related :htldrn ander ISRelated children under

other famtiv membersInrulated individual,

nt bel I in am I I

total

6, v. .1r4 and ,,r

In !amities .

Head, 16 years and e1erFemale .

Aire of n.bthelated chtldren 46e. 14 t.Related children under 6 ye,,

. .

other family membersInrelated individuals

1470

111 Hanes

All inome levels

Sumbal.

Percent 65 years and

Ins0.m

II

Reglon

(Philadel-t,e, yorkl pntal

, 1 115 o e h 1153

,I i 9 5 6 7 1

,IIII il 1110 II WO 0 100 0h.{ 3 87 s m4 et 92 .2o 0 22.6 22 6 17 8

11 9 I'. 1 15 9 11 45 5 5.5

61, 4 53 4 52 3I: 1 19 7 17 7

m 7 : I 9 5 3 6 911 7 1(2 2 13.2 ! 17 4

32 4 25 634 'I IH,

.( 7

3.1 5

17 2

10 .

4.1

21 1 ,

24 522 4

18/

Ili)

31 518,

IR/

III,

22.837 7

22 021 542 09,0

311 5

30.49.7

311

... thousands 202,499 11,411 24,0569 5 10 5 10 5

Percent.In tamilies .

Head, 16 years and overFemale.

mife .4 headRelated children under III years'

Related children under 6 years...Other !amity members . . . .

1nrelated individuals

4e10, 1 in me level

Number 1/1"usand4

Percent 65 Nears and v ,r

Percent ..

In tam:Iles . .

Head, 16 years and overFemale .

Related children under 18 years'Related children under 6 years

Fiber tamily members ...

tnrelated tndivIdual,

Percent bet..

Total.

65 years and over

In families

Reurl, 16 years and overFemale

Aire of head . . . .

Related aildren under 19 years'Related hildren under r yeats

Other `,,tly members . .

Fnrelated indIvIduaIs


1(111.0

92 4

2n 72 .

22 1

34 S10 6

10 2

7 6

25.522IM 5

100 092.6

25 43 2

21.633.710.2

11 8

7 4

445

23 7

12.24 1

2,1147

24.1

11)11 0 100 0 100.040.3 76.1 72 620.4 21.4 20.776 9 5 10.512.3 II 2 10 011 2 36.7 36 633.5 13.8 12.6

6.6 5.3

19 7 I 23.9 27.4

24 5

11 410 0

:12 4

7 0

15 0

16 6

H I

32.7

8.7

20.0

6.6 7 0

6 7 7,0

12 6 ,

4 2 4.1

S 7 10.0

10 8 11 4

4.6 3.7

25.81 26 3

Region I RegionIV

(Atlanta, (ChIcgo,

Region

(Dallas-Fort

Worth,

2,846 925 1,3511

10 5 5 M 7 6

100,0

90 4

I4 2

9 5

9

50.715 6

11.4

9.4

24 7 43.226 6 49 7

22.420.240.5

10 531.9

35.410.848.2

23,9539 9

100 0

42.225.43 0

21.734.71 t.3

11.4

6.8

42 138 6

64.1

28 3

53 254.3

311 4

59 2

32,32310 L

IVO 0

93,626.03 2

22.134.710.6

10.8

6.4

100.087 7

21.716.0!5 0

54 921) 6

6 2

12.3

24,9 I

28.2

23 823 0

5

32.337.7 I

13.7

37.3

46,1759.0

100.0

92.725.32.6

22.235.611.09.6

7.3

2,650 6,406 4,43517 2

100.078.3

19.57.6

11.241.015 36 5

21,7

21.4

9.38.5

28.5

5.713.1

16.4

6.3

30.2

17.3 21 1

100.096.2

21.16.8

13 7

42.613.2

8,8

13.8

19.8

33.9

18.3

16.1

42.4

12.3

24.3

24.7

16.1

'12.5

100.075.819.8

8.210.8

40.014.5

5.2

24.2

100.090.1

19.6

10 4

8.5

52.016.8

10 09.9

45.3

46.9

44.1

41.073.726.453

36.36)1 7

19,1008.9

100.093.025.H3.2

22.135.811.1

9.37.0

3,92714 7

100.086.520.17.2

12 546.1

14.1

7.8

13.5

9.6 20.022.5 33.1

7.9 18.77.5 15.6

30.6 44.24,7 11.4

10.H 25.812.7 25.5

5.2 16.8

32.0 38.5

RegionVII

(Kansas

(HO

108

12 2

100 0

96.7

19 1

11.7IL 5

55.3

19.7

3 7

13.3

21.1

23.7

19.8

(8)

12.6

33.8

34.6Iii)

19,

9,968

12.3

100.0

92.1

26.62.1

23.933.29.7H.4

7.9

1,24526.6

1(70,0

75.1

20.04.7

14.5

34.610.9

6.0

24.9

12.5

27.0

1(1.2

9.4

27.17.6

13.0

13.8

8.939.5

RegionVIII

(Denver,

RegionIX

ISan

Francisco)

Region

(Seattle)

13

181:

Ill

11.11

tht

370

5.7

100.0M2.9

22.5:18) 15.7

181 5.7

101; 48.0

(111 6.8. (111 17.1

10.3' 23.2

(WI 2(1 2

10.7 21.7(8) 21.3

16/ 44 619

10, 28.1(9) 24.2(((I 16.4

1111.

33.9

5,569 23,3268.0 8.3

100.0 100.01r 92.7 90.8

25.2 25.62.1 2.9

1 22.7 22.237.9 34.012.1 10.56.9 9.0

7.3 9.2

735. 2,35317.3 13.1

100.01 100.0178.8 78.019.3 20.46.1 7.613,2 12.2

43.4 40.915.8 15.3

2.8 4,5

21.2 22.0

13.2 10.1

28.5 15.9

11,2 8.7

10.1 8.0

38.5 26.77.7 5.6

15.1 12.1

17.2 14.6

5.5 5.0

38.4' 24.2

38

111)

141/

(B)

(B)

(81

(B)

(8,

(01

(0)

(13)

35.2(0)

28.0(ED

(III

18)

(II)

(B)

6,2099.9

100.090 926.92.2

24.233.211.36.79 1

829

18.1

100.076.6

21.77.4

14 0

38.615.1

2.3

23.4

13.424.5

11.210.845.27.7

15,517.8

4.6

34.5

40

Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued

mumhers 14 thousands Perm .ns as .1 Mat,h o: the (ollo,(42 yeAr ! , d 1(st States (onlat:,41 tn ea, h regt,m see appendix A,

Smber . thousands

Per, t

In tarnIlles

Head, 14 years .0(.1 overFemale

(site d hen.)

:41((r 18 years'

.-htl Ir., under 4 Years,it her An( ly mernhery

Int4( 1.41.

1-- 1-- -r-I 1

a

1.11.01,1`. 14,1! 1

. .At41 t Ne 1 . .ttl 111,1 elk .FI ) .1 rkneei /

11 .nt

22,717 35o3 3 7

2,613 !

2.1

13 !,

II

12

Revion

(Seat t 1e I

,

:,omb '2,982 677 1,7 1,142 121

7 ., 5 2: 4.7 4 2 , 0.9 : /` 3 3;

le0 .. 100 0 1.... 0 101111 1011 0 11111 0 100.11 100.011 . 31 4 00 ,..4 411 1 84.3

.

21 .1 ..e. 1 22 .1 t :14 1 22 0 23.2 24.5 24.0e 1 7 0 : ti :1 , , il I', II 9 9

1,1 0 15,, 13.11 17 0 17 8 15 3 12.4

12 2 13 0 14 0 , 47 1 40 2 31 4 39 8 43.813 3 1,1 4 I.) 8 1,1 4 , 13 7 18 7 15.1 18 21 3 b lo 7 ; 12.5 ; 11 7 3 7 11.7 4.1

9 1 8 4 4 2 . 6.t1 15 7

Number .. . . 111.6.31.30 7.414 87 17s

4

184

i

27r.!)

63Per( ent 45 .,(.4r8 and .,-..r `^ .^

1 3894 1 : 12 0 III)

In famt:lesPer. ens

. . . ...

1,,, , II. ,42 4 83,6 .

1110 I) 1: :I 100,0

s) .1: 4/3)'''' '0811114;i (B)

(B)

10 7 I') 5 10 9(1))0) i 21.7

too 0.

Head, 14 4y(ars An3 .,.4e411 0IS 9 2., 7 18 2 In 4 17 2 18.5 ! (9)

42 5 H271,1:,

20 816 11 8 2 15.5 8.2 : 181

'Atte et dead . . 7 5 1.1 1 4 6.4 5 b , I:: 151 ! 11.4 :

19) 13 4

(51 4.7 1111

Related :1111.1ren enJer 10 years . 53 7 '0 7 A1.7 57 4 1 46 7 45.8 (B)

Unrela(ed Indlvt.),:s 11 (1 1: 2 16 4 15 7 7 5 12.8 11, 11: 11'17:11:

111/

19.48.3 (0)

(111

Related ch:11,n under d ventra . . 18 3 lti 4 19 A 1.9 1

53 7

17 1 22 3 17.4 : 15.8 19.8 1111

Other ram( ly members 4 4 4 2 m , 11.0 8 4 i

.

191

.

In famIllos .. ... .... ......

tt:

.

.

21 4191

24 5 :

1111 19/ (9) (B)

. .

3, 0 I 56 7

25.8 48.6 !: 27,2r"tal lm. 2 .::m o 4f ,. 1

65 years and .644- . . 45.6 63.2 ,

25 2 17.6 52 I

Head, 14 yY)ars and over. 29 3 , ''':.1 N

29 1,

15.9 . 24.5 !

45.2 ! . 24.H39 M 22.H (9)

15.5

15.5

56.9

(B)

32 4 ; 26 0

3'1'45

3.8 '1.3'1I:l 4.9: 23 a , 1.. 3 (91

20.3

5.4 (11)

Female ',!)5) : 57 2 72 . 2;

54 1 ; 1:11 (II) 37 0 (B)

Related children ander 1/1 ,,ars' . ..

19 ,

23 7 31 2 19) (9)

Alfe of head 31 3

Related (11111ren under 4 years .. .

41 5

42 2 24 S 40 2 34.3 5546:27 33'1.6219, i'.311

(BD)

22.9 (11)

Other famtlY Merther8 ..... 19. lb 4 31 9 12 9 . 33 3 13.9 I 12.4 19)

"1enre I ated 1.11,111.1.1141. 19, 30 4 18 4 61.3 7 39 5 63.H 19) 181 38.6 (9)

;

!

Percent bvloA

1360

XI 1 Races:

Number . . ... . ... . theu9,01114 12,0491:'19(4.84S 11,85323 i :5:71Pereent KU years and over .. . . 9 5 II, 3 6 9 1t1 1 :

42 7100 0 100 0 1(111:: Oa) o . 1181.0!Pert y(dt Da, 0 ;

In f am il les. . .... - 93 5 91 5 94.0 43:0 :

Head, Ifi yearn tin(1 over . . . 25 4 . 25.9 . 25 2!

Wife of headRelated children under IH ,orsr

Other family membersRelated eht1dren under 6 years

22 ::

1()).'M.

22:20, .:2;

3, 8

11 9

2.7

32 I

2( 1

10.2

11 14

3 6

'.'11 ':2

11, 7

11 9

3 I

213).111

:fill

1:).:

6.0

:112( 1

11 2

2 4Female . . . ......... 2 8

1nrelated trullvIduals

1111)7 2 4.5 "^ 6.9

23,491,

45,256 18 , :533 10,248 5,171 23,305 6,0598 )4' 14 4 11.9 . 8.6 8.6 9 6

:

100 11 i 101).0 100.0 100.0 100.093^: 92 2 92.8 91.2 91 525.8 i 241.1 25.4 25.4 26.62.9 1 2.1 2.2 2.7 2,0

22.3 23 5 22.8 22.2 24.1

36.0 1 31.6 , 37 4 35.2 33.711 1)1 1(1 4 11) 7 10.7 10.69 3 ; 6,0 . 7.2 H.3 7.1

7 0 6.6 ( 7.6 7.2 9.8 8.5

4,1167; 3,427 .1 1,173 724 2,246 55523 51 16.5 ; 28.7 20" 14.5 23.8

i

11110 0 I 100 0 , 100 () 101) (I 100,0 100.074.2 i 85.2 ! 71.9 77.3 78.7 72.619.5! 20.1 ' 19.4 20.3 20.2 22,77 4; 6,M 3.8 5,2 8.5 8 5

11 5, 12.8 15.2 14,8 11.3 13.737" 1 44.512 4 13 7

33.911.7

37,719,2

41.515.2

31.5

12.17 ft 3.3 5.2 4.7

25.81 14 H 28.1 22.7 21.3 27.4

1.64-111r.rtne 11'041

Number thousands65 years and over

PercentIn families ...Head, 16 years and over .. ...

FemaleHire ,f head . .....

Related (11110ren under 1H vearsJ

Related ( h111ren u ... . 6 yearsOther family members .

Unrelated tndIvtddal

See footnotes at ond of table

24,281 900 2,09619 7 22 7 23 1

100.0 /00" 100.080.0 79.2 72 320 I 20 7 19 97 1 `^ n (1

12 3 12 4 ; '1 1

40 5 34.7 : 37 H13 6 10. 2 ! 13 9li 8 0 4 ) "^

20 0 20 4 ( 27.7

2,70917 I

100.0

HO 1

19 9

3

10 9

41.81

7 5

19.9 i

6,37916 3

1181 0

<16 5

21.4

6,913 7

.12.2

13 H

2113 5

Table 11. TEN FEDERAL REGIONS-PERSONS BY LOW-INCOME STATUS, FAMILY STATUS,AND RACE: 1969 TO 1972-Continued

/Numbers I n `^ .~~^ Per0,10 as k ! Mar~ , ^ ` .I I ar r a II, St a Ins ina.d In e.1,11 reu1/91 set, appendix .0)

143,1- ,Ft t nue 1

Pert ent 1 ,

, h'"'" I k,,Ion I1

IS21.01 Region11

III . ; 1 VIIIt \ 116111as-.0.01 s.. , 331 !!''!:!..,!!:!,' : ,../ ,C10,fr..11 ort ,l/envr)

00,b, '"

116.11on

IX(San

Front/1st/0

Reu10nX

I Seat I

7..3,1 2 .. II 14 0 4 0 18., 11.4 1.1.11

171 7/,: 22 0 3,/ ., 3.1 4: 27 7, 33.0

In 130(1 les 1. . 6 ; 0 4 In 3 7 '2. It, 4! 9 9 11.7Head, I,/ ,,ear8 At. ...et gl 7 6 I 4 0 le 3 7 /1 14 4, 11 2

female . .12 2 21 3 31 3! 41 3 28 1 43 1: 20 7 '33 90tIe 01 head I .i t 7 ) 4 .2" 1 6 10 61 7-1 9.1Related 4' htl 1ren WI I., 14 ..e2ra" II 1 0 i 10 3 11 1 23 9 4 1! 22.9! 11.2 14.1

Related .411/Iren ,,,,Ier 6 1,.13... I:, .1 lo 0 II 0 1, 1 25.3 lilt, 12.4 15 90ther : am 1 is ,n,06,0 s 0 3 1 1 1 1 ,^ 17 .1 13 51 4.8 8 14

3311,111, I I:, 1,1.13.1: .12 0 24 1 28 o, :13 II 44 4 33 3 , 41 7 41 2 44.3

6

16 2!

8.37.7

24 11

11.513 7ti.0

23.4

9.222 8

7.37.8

38 85.28 6

10 46,1

29.4

!

XI I I, M.. 1..11,.,

1,4191ttn.1,..1:1In 3,210 6,941 3,91.1!Number . =3,573 3

2,0112 634 124 1113

Percent 0, ear, .11, ...42,,,1.142

40 1

6 7 7 7 5 2 6.5: 4.9 3.9

11'1.1'.'1':

111141.111;1,11 1110.0 100 0 , 100.0Per, en, lom1 /1 109171.(2)/ 100 0' 100.093.5:1i. tantlies 41 1, 92 3 . 92.9

211.1 I

91.3 91.3Medd, Is ....ars and over . 21 4 23 1 22 /1 21 1 /

15 11

20.3 '3.4: 23.5 25 20 1 7 2 5 2 5 3: 5.1 : 3.2 6 3 3.9

2:71

4ITI, 24,

At fe 31 head 11 1 II 1 13 1 13 5 11 3 / 14.2 / 19 4 15.8 22.3Related ebtldren under 18 ee,,,,' i., u 39 6 11 4 46 4

15 347 1 39.8

Related / hIldren under 6 VOA, 1, 0 13 1 13 3 15 310 8 !

17 7

47.117.3 '11,4', 829 18.4

12tner tan11 I y members . . , 12 315.312 /,

4 013.1 9 8 i 3 2 3.9

1.nre later: I rid 1 :: t /I 1 10 7 n 4 0 4 4 ' 0 5 7 7!

:1245477)

7 11 8 8 6 5 H.7 t 9 7

/Set.. 1/0.-in/ /me level

1

Somber . . .. . . ... t h,,o sands 7,213 71 511/ 570 3,0521 0731 1,187Pereen t 05 years and ,,,,er . , ... 9 oi 111/ 3.2 10 7 1 9.0 / 9.3

1

}

1

Percent .. lor, ,, 111/ 100 ,, 10031 100.0 ,In families MM s IBI 94.1 91.1 I

Head, 16 vear8 and ,,,,., 1,r 1 /11/ 20 1 14 8 17.9 I4.4 ,81 11 5 : 13 2 ,^

0 1,, of head .. . .. . , 7 0 oil, 1 -.I 6 1

Related children /Alder 14 years. . 57 0 32,7Related chIldren um], r .; yoars 1,1 0 1Is, 22 1 20.0 17.4

1,ther 1 an" ly rnern1,1,8 .. . ri .1 III) 41 n 11 0l'nrel,,,,n1 l(1,11...1.1,1.k I, I I 3 I 1 I 13 7 11 6 0,4 :

i

I I

Percent oeL Olt I,. - II11,11, I 0,..'1

iI.

'',/.21 '21

T,/tali

17 3 21 1 I

32 6129.4:

65 yearm :Inn 0ver 'II) 43 81

31 1 20 2 29 I 1

96.8, In yea:, and over. 27 0 10..11

2t1',1: '4: 1,1

53 1 .

11:1,1,,/.:',

Mt te o: bond. .. .. . .17,5

/

Related chIldren or/1er 14 yearq..

3,4 1

34.5134 6 : 2A L :

Related Illicit/et, Inder 6 v. air< .1.17 311 11 .1.4 3

25,3.31,1

Other !wally mernhera 111.. 4 11 .17

uhrelated ttuilvId0a1.: I /11,1l

29.4 [ .01 6163, [

18,712.43.8

55.619.44.5

15.5

100.089.817.54.3

353"16.610,410.2

44 4 22" 11 061.6 , /11.2 57.7

43.3 1314.4,

S

28^51,M51.636 760 14

20`19.850,2

6

27 324 09.3

39.735.464.52:.048 1

33 754.3

155

100.085.215.57.19 0

60.029 00.6

14.8

24.4

22.918.9

18115.631.24(1 2

187(81

27 267(8) 4.91

(B) 100.0(111 82.8al) 19.9(8) 12.0181 7.5(8): 50.6'181 21.718/ 4.918) 17.2

21.818)

19.14(8)(8)(B)(B)1111

18)(B)

17.115.935.68.9

22.827.59.7

37.1

18(8)

(B)(B)(B)(13)

(B)(0 )(B)(B)(0 )

17 5(B)

17.0(B)(B)(B)(8)(B)(B)(B)

Base iesl than 77,..,,,0 1970 /enoo8 p/pulall/.6 ,0ntr.,10, therefore n0t. strt, tiv ,0uparable 10 data I ,r earl ler years mhIch are based on 1960 conaus population

untr',1,1 'en one,/ f explannet40.'In, lodes a small norther n( t y 111,1,14 and Ip,11,10,1 1/1 ard 15 yearn " 1 d

APPENDIX A

Definitions and explanationsComparability of data for 1972 and 1971 with those for previous yearsNonresponses and allocationsOther limitations of the dataSource and reliability of the estimates

43

APPENDIX t

DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS

Population coverage. This report excludes in-mates of institutions and unrelated individualsunder 14 years old. It .includes only those ap-proximately 1.0 million members of the ArmedForces living off post or with their families onpost. Since the original 0E0 tabulations includeunrelated individuals under 14 years, counts ofthese persons are presented in Table A-1.

Farm-nonfarm residence. The farm popula-tion refers to rural residents living on farms.The method of determining farm-nonfarm res-idence in the present survey is the same as thatused in the 1960 and 1970 censuses and in theCurrent Population Surveys since 1960, but differsfrom that used in earlier surveys and censuses.According to the current definitions, the farmpopulation consists of all persons living in ruralterritory on places of less than 10 acres yieldingagricultural products which sold for $250 or morein the previous year, or on places of 10 acresor more yielding agricultural products whichsold for $50 or more in the previous year. Ruralpersons in institutions, motels, and tourist camps,

and those living on rented places where no landis used for farming are not classified as farmpopulation.

The nonfarm population, as the term is usedhere, comprises persons living in urban areas andrural persons not on farms.

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence. Thepopulation residing in standard metropolitan sta-tistical areas (SMSA's) constitutes the met-ropolitan population. Except in New England, anSMSA is a county or group of contiguous countieswhich contains at least one city of 50,000 inhab-itants or more, or "twin ( ities" with a combinedpopulation of at least 50,000. In addition to thecounty or counties containing such a city or cities,contiguous counties are included in an SMSA if,according to certain criteria, they are essentiallymetropolitan in character and are socially andeconomically integrated with the central city. InNew England, SMSA's consist of towns and cities,rather than counties,

The 1972 and the revised 1971 figures shown inthis report for SMSA's are based on the SMSA'sas defined on the basis of the 1970 census. Data

Table A-1. UNRELATED INDIVIC'' LS UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE BY RACE AND SEX: 1966 TO 1972

(Numbers in thousands. Unrelated individuals as of March of the following year)

Race and sex 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966

ALL RACES

Total 299 287 364 375 260 223 270

Male 179 138 189 197 117 118 147

Female 120 149 175 178 143 105 123

WHITE

Total 185 173 264 280 165 133 165

Male 104 85 143 147 79 70 95

Female 81 88 121 133 86 63 70

NEGRO

Total 77 108 93 85 93 84 97

Male 47 48 43 41 36 42 48

Female 30 60 50 44 57 42 49

Note: Unrelated individuals under 14 years old are not classified by poverty status; they are allconsidered below the low-income level by definition. Questions on income are only asked of persons14 years old and over; consequently, unrelated individuals under 14 years have neither family income nor

incomes of their own.

44

shown for years prior to 1969 in other SeriesP-60 reports r.,fer to S:VISA's defined on the basis-)f the 1960 census.

Central cities. The population inside SMSA'sis further classified as "inside central cities"and "outside central cities." With a few ex-ceptions, central cities are determined accordingto the following criteria:

1. The largest city in an SMSA is always acentral city.

2. One or two additional cities may be second-ary central cities on the basis and in the orderDf the following criteria:

a. The additional city or cities have atleast 250,000 inhabitants.

b. The additional city or cities have apopulation of one-third or more of that of thelargest city and a minimum population of25,000.

Federal regions. The ten standard Federaladministrative regions for which data arepresented in this report represent groups ofStates, as follows:

Region I, Boston: Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,Vermont.

York.Region II, New York: New Jersey, New

Region III, Philadelphia: Delaware,District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,Virginia, West Virginia.

Region IV, Atlanta: Alabama, Florida,Georgia,Tentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,South Carolina, Tennessee.

Region V, Chica o; Illinois, Indiana,Michigan, Minnesota, hio, isconsin.

Region VI, Dallas-Fort Worth: Ar-kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.

Region VII, Kansas City: Iowa, Kansas,Missouri, Nebraska.

Region VIII, Denver: Colorado, Mon-tana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.

Region IX, San Francisco: Arizona,California, Hawaii, Nevada.

Region X, Seattle: Alaska, Idaho, Ore-gon, Washington.

45

Income. For each person 14 years old andover in the sample, questions were asked on theamount of money income received in the precedingcalendar year from each of the following sources:(1) Money wages or salary; (2) net income fromnonfarm self-employment; (3) net income fromfarm self-employment; (4) Social Security; (5)dividends, interest (on savings or bonds), incomefrom estates or trusts or net rental income;(6) public assistance or welfare payments; (7)unemployment and workmen's compensation, gov-ernment employee pensions, or veterans' pay-ments; (8) private pensions, annuities, alimony,regular contributions from persons not living inthis household, net royalties, and other periodicincome.

When an indefinite amount was reported by therespondent, a specific value was assigned duringprocessing wherever possible. If the indefiniteamount was reported in terms of a range, themidpoint of the range was assigned, e.g., $10,000to $15,000 was coded as $12,500. Open-endedamounts were converted to designated specificamounts, e.g., over $10,000 was coded as $15.000.

It should be noted that although the incomestatistics refer to receipts during the precedingyear the characteristics of the person, such as age,labor force status, etc., and the composition offamilies refer to the time of the survey. Theincome of the family does not include amountsreceived by persons who were members of thefamily during all or part of the income year ifthese persons no longer resided with the family atthe time of enumeration. On the other hand, familyincome includes amounts reported by relatedpersons who did not reside with the family duringthe income year but who were members of thefamily at the time of enumeration.

Data on income collected in the CPS are limitedto money income received before payments forpersonal income taxes, Social Security, uniondues, Medicare deductions, etc. Money income isthe sum of the amounts received from earnings;Social Security and public assistance payments;dividends, interest, and rent; unemployment andworkmen's compensation; government and privateemployee pensions; and other periodic income.(Certain money receipts such as capital gainsare not included.) Therefore, money income doesnot reflect the fact that many families receivepart of their income in the form of nonmoneytransfers such as food stamps, health benefits,2nd subsidized housing; that many farm familiesreceive nonmoney income in the form of rent-free housing and goods produced and consumedon the farm; or that nonmoney incomes are also

46

received by some nonfarm residents which oftentake the form of the use of business transportationand facilities, full or partial payments by businessfor retirement programs, medical and educationalexpenses, etc.' These elements should beconsidered when comparing income levels. More-over, readers should be aware that for manydifferent reasons there is a tendency in house-hold surveys for respondents to underreport theirincome. Overall aggregate income compiled inthe CPS was about 90 percent of benchmarkestimates in 1972. From an analysis of independ-ently derived income estimates, it has beendetermined that wages and salaries tend to bemuch better reported than such income types aspublic assistance, Social Security, and net incomefrom interest, dividends, rentals, etc.

Money wages or salary is total money earn-ings received for work performed as an employeeduring the income year. It includes wages, salary,Armed Forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-ratepayments, and cash bonuses earned, before de-ductions were made for taxes, bonds, pensions,union dues, etc.

Net income from nonfarm self-employmentis net money income (gross receipts minusexpenses) from one's own business, professionalenterprise, or partnership. Gross receipts in-clude the value of all goods sold and servicesrendered. Expenses include costs of goods pur-chased, rent, heat, light, power, depreciationcharges, wages and salaries paid, business taxes(not personal income taxes), etc. The value ofsalable merchandise consumed by the proprietorsof retail stores is not included as part of netincome.

Net income from farm self-employment isnet money income (gross receipts minus operatingexpenses) from the operation of a farm by a personon his own account, as an owner, renter, or share-cropper. Gross receipts include the value of allproducts sold, government crop loans, moneyreceived from the rental of farm equipment toothers, and incidental receipts from the sale ofwood, sand, gravel, etc. Operating expenses in-

'Estimates of non-money transfer income bene-fiting persons below the low-income-level fundedprograms are published in the Statistical Abstract,1973, table 558, "Federal Outlays Benefiting Low-Income Persons: 1967 to 1972." It should be notedthat federal outlays for in-kind benefits, whichin table 558 include "Medicaid" and "Medicare"-inaddition to "Income security in kind", cannot beequated to increases in consumer income becausethey do not necessarily release equivalent amountsof funds for either consumption or savings.

elude cost of feed, fertilizer, seed, and otherfarming supplies, cash wages paid to farmhands,depreciation charges, cash rent, interest on farmmortgages, farm building repairs, farm taxes (notState and Federal income taxes), etc. The valueof fuel, food, or other farm products used forfamily living is not included as part of net income.In genera 1, inventory changes were not consideredin determining net income; however, replies basedon income tax returns or other official records doreflect inventory changes.

Social Security includes Social Security pen-sions and survivors' benefits, and permanent dis-ability insurance payments made by the SocialSecurity Administration prior to deductions formedical insurance and railroad retirement in-surance checks from the U.S. Government."Medicare" reimbursements are not included.

Dividends, interest (on savings or bonds),i:,come from estates or trusts, net rental incomeor net royalties include dividends from stock-holdings or membership in associations, intereston savings or bonds, periodic receipts fromestates or trust funds, net income from rentalof a house, store, or other property to others,receipts from boarders or lodgers, and netroyalties.

Public assistance or welfare paymentsinclude public assistance payments such as old-ageassistance, aid to families with dependent children,and aid to the blind or totally disabled. Separatepayments received for hospital or other medicalcare (vendor payments) are excluded from thisitem.

Unemployment compensation, governmentemployee pensions, or veterans' payments in-clude: (I) Unemployment compensation receivedfrom government unemployment insuranceagencies or private companies during periods ofunemployment and any strike benefits receivedfrom union funds; (2) government employee pen-sions received from retirement pensions paid byFederal, State, county, or other governmentalagencies to former employees (including membersof the Armed Forces) or their survivors; (3)money paid periodically by the Veterans' Ad-ministration to disabled members of the ArmedForces or to survivors of deceased veterans,subsistence allowances paid to veterans foreducation and on-the-job training, as well asso-called "refunds" paid to ex-servicemen asGI insurance premiums; also includes (4) work-men's compensation received periodically frompublic or private insurance companies for injuriesincurred at work. The cost of this insurance musthave been paid by the employer and not by theperson.

Private pensions, annuities, alimony, reg-ular contributions from persons not living in thehousehold, and other periodic income include thefollowing types of income: (1) Private pensionsor retirement benefits paid to a retired personor his survivors by a former employer or by aunion, either directly or through an insurancecompany; (2) periodic receipts from annuities orinsurance; (3) alimony and child support; (4)contributions 1eceived periodically from personsnot living in the household; and (5) other periodicincome such as military family allotments, netgambling winnings, and other kinds of periodicincome other than earnings.

Receipts not counted as income. Receipts fromthe following sources were not included as income:(1) Money received from the sale of property, suchas stocks, bonds, a house, or a car (unless theperson was engaged in the business of selling suchproperty, in which case the net proceeds would becounted as income from self-employment); (2)withdrawals of bank deposits; (3) money borrowed;(4) tax refunds; (5) gifts; and (6) lump sum in-heritances or insurance payments.

All sources of income may be combined intotwo major types:

Total money earnings--the algebraic sumof money wages or salary and net income fromfarm and nonfarm self-employment; and

Income other than earnings--the algebraicsum of all sources of money income except wagesand salaries and income from self-employment.

Total money income. The algebraic sum ofmoney wages and salaries, net income from self-employment, and income other than earningsrepresents total money income. The total incomeof a family is the algebraic sum of the amountsreceived by all income recipients in the family.

The low-income data for families and unrelatedindividuals include those that were classified ashaving no income in the income year and thosereporting a loss in net income from farm andnonfarm self-employment or in rental income.Many of these were living on income "in kind,"savings, or gifts; or were newly constitutedfamilies, unrelated individuals who had recentlyleft families, or families in which the solebreadwinner had recently died or had left thehousehold. However, many of the families andunrelated individuals who reported no incomeprobably had some money income which was notrecorded in the survey.

4/Median income. The median income is the

amount which divides the distribution into twoequal groups, one having incomes above themedian, and the other having incomes below themedian.

Mean income. The mean income is the amountobtained by dividing the total income of a group bythe number of families or unrelated individuals(as appropriate) in that group.

Comparability of Current Population Surveyincome data with other data from Bureau ofEconomic Analysis (BEA) personal income series.

e income ata presentee in this report are notdirectly comparable with estimates of aggregatepersonal income prepared by the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis (formerly the Office ofBusiness Economics) of the Department of Com-merce. The lack of correspondence stems fromthe following differences in definition and cov-erage:

Income definition. The personal income seriesincludes, among other items, the following typesof nonmoney income which are not included in thecensus definition: Wages received in kind, thevalue of food and fuel produced and consumed onfarms, the net rental value of owner-occupiedhomes, the property income received by mutuallife insurance companies, and the value of theservices of banks and other financial inter-mediaries rendered to persons without the as-sessment of specific charges. These items ofincome in kind account for about 4 percent oftotal personal income. The Census Bureau defi-nition of income, on the other hand, includes suchitems as regular contributions for support re-ceived from persons who do not reside in the sameliving quarters, income received from roomersand boarders residing in households, and em-ployee contributions for social insurance whichare not included in the personal income series.These items, however, represent a much smallerincome total than the nonmoney items includedin personal income.

Source of data. The personal income seriesis estimated largely on the basis of data derivedfrom business and governmental sources. Thesesources include the industrial and populationcensuses, employers' wage reports under theSocial Security programs, and records of dis-bursements to individuals by governmentalagencies. The income data presented in the censusreports, on the other hand, are based directly onfield surveys of households. As discussed inthe section "Source and reliability of the esti-mates," income data obtained in household inter-views are subject to various types of reporting

48

errors which tend to produce an understatementof income. It is estimated that the income surveysconducted by the Bureau of the Census during thepast few years have obtained about 89 percent ofthe comparable aggregate total money income, 97percent of the comparable aggregate money wageor salary income, 84 percent of the comparableaggregate money Social Security income, and 73percent of the comparable aggregate money publicassistance income included in the personal in-come series prepared by the BEA. Comparableestimates are not available for the low-incomepopulation.

Low-Income (poverty) definition. Low-incomestatistics presented in this report are based ona definition developed by the Social SecurityAdministration in 1964 and revised by a FederalInteragency Committee in 1969.

Statistics presented in Census Bureau reportsprior to publication of Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No. 68, "Poverty in the United States,1959 to 1968," were based on the poverty indexdeveloped by the Social Security Administration(SSA) in 1964. This index provided a range ofincome cutoffs adjusted by such factors as familysize, sex of the family head, number of childrenunder 18 years old, and farm-nonfarm residence.At the core of this definition of poverty was anutritionally adequate food plan ("economy" plan)designed by the Department of Agriculture for"emergency or temporary use when funds arelow." The SSA poverty cutoffs also took intoaccount differences in the cost of living betweenfarm and nonfarm families. Annual revisions ofthese cutoffs were based on price changes ofthe items in the economy food budget.

As a result of deliberations of a Federal In-teragency Committee in 1969, the following twomodifications to the original SSA definition ofpoverty were recommended: (1) that the SSAthresholds for nonfarm families be retained forthe base year 1963, but that an:.ual adjustmentsin the levels be based on changes in the ConsumerPrice Index (CPI) rather than on changes in thecost of food included in the economy food plan;and (2) that the farm thresholds be raised from70 to 85 percent of the corresponding nonfarmlevels. The combined impact of these twomodifications resulted in an increase of 360,000poor families and 1.6 million poor persons in 1967.The reasons for making these changes are outlinedbelow.

Change in cost of living adjustment. Annualrevisions of the SSA poverty thresholds were basedonly on the average per capita cost of the foods

in the economy food budget. This method of up-dating these cutoffs did not fully reflect increasesin the overall cost of living during the 1960's.The pace at which the general cost of livingadvanced in recent years was not uniformlymatched by increases in the price of goods inthe economy food plan. Thus, general pricechanges since 1959 were not paralleled by com-parable changes in the poverty thresholds.

The differences between changes in the costof the economy food budget and the overall costof living led to the adoption of the CPI as thebasis for annual revisions in the income cutoffs.Although the CPI is not designed to measure thechanging market conditions faced solely by low-income families, it does reflect the fact thatprices of food and nonfood commodities do notalways advance at the same rate. Employing theCPI to adjust the low-income thresholds annuallyhas another advantage over the earlier adjustmenttechnique. Although the economy food plan isrepriced annually, the data are not publishedregularly but are available only on request. TheCPI, on the other hand, is regularly publishedand is a generally accepted measure of changes inthe "cost of living." Table A-2 shows the changesin the CPI between 1966 and 1972 and thecorresponding average thresholds for a nonfarmfamily of four.

Table A2. CHANGES BETWEEN 1966 AND 1972 IN THECONSUMER PRICE INDEX AND THE AVERAGELOW-INCOME THRESHOLD FOR A NONFARMFAMILY OF FOUR

Average thresholdConsumer Price for a nonfarm

Year Index family of four(1963=100) persons

1972 136.6 $4,275

1971 132.3 4,137

1970 126.8 3,968

1969 119.7 3,743

1968 113.6 3,553

1967 109.1 3,4101966 106.0 3,317

Change in the farm-nonfarm relationship.Under the old definition, the poverty thresholds forfarm families were adjusted for the average valueof food consumed by these families which theyhad grown themselves. Based on a 1961 study ofhousehold consumption which indicated that thevalue of food produced by farm families for homeuse amounted to about 30 percent of their totalfood budget, the poverty cutoffs for farm familieswere established at 70 percent of the nonfarmlevels.

Up to the present time, no entirely satis-factory means of determining the income re-quired for equivalent levels of living for farmand nonfarm families has been provided by studieson this subject. Further research is needed toanalyze the differences in the costs between farmand nonfarm families. Although it is not yetpossible to quantify exactly all the factors con-tributing to cost of living differences betwegnfarm and nonfarm families, research alreadycompleted suggests that the differences are notas great as provided for by the 70 percentdifferential. After weighing the available evi-dence, the Review Committee agreed that nar-rowing the farm-nonfarm differentia I to 85 percentmore nearly reflects the overall cost of livingdifferences between farm and nonfarm familiesthan the previously used differential.

Alternate levels. Because the low-incomelevel currently in use by the Federal Governmentdoes not meet all the needs of the analysts of thedata, two variations of the poverty definition arepresented in this report, one set at 125 percent ofthe official government standard and the other at150 percent of this standard. The alternate cut-offs are obtained by multiplying the income cut-offs at the low-income level by 1.25 and 1.50.Thus, the income cutoffs in 1972 for a nonfarmfamily of four at 125 percent and 150 percent ofthe low-income level were $5,344 and $6,413,respectively.

Weighted average thresholds at the low- incomelevel. The low-income cutoffs used by the Bureauof the Census to determine the low-income statusof families and unrelated individuals consist of aset of 124 thresholds arranged in a four-dimensional matrix consisting of family size(from one person, i.e., unrelated individuals, toseven or more person families) cross-classifiedby presence and number of family members under18 years old (from no children present to six ormore children present), sex of head, and farm-nonfarm residence. Unrelated individuals andtwo-person families are further differentiated byage of head (under 65 years and 65 years andover). The total family income of each family inthe sample is tested against the appropriatedollar threshold to determine the low-incomestatus of that family. If the family's total incomeis less than its corresponding cutoff, the familyis classified as below the low-income level. Theaverage thresholds shown in table A-3 wereweighted by the presence and number of children.For example, for a given size of family, sex ofhead, and residence category, the weightedaverage threshold for that group is obtained bymultiplying the threshold for eacii presence andnumber of children category within the given

49

family size by the number of families in thatcategory. These products are then aggregatedacross the entire range of presence and numberof children categories, and the total aggregateis divided by the total number of families in thegroup to yield the weighted average threshold atthe low-income level for that size family.

Because family composition varies by .farm-nonfarm residence, the weighted average thresh-olds at the low-income level for farm families,as shown in table A-3 will not be exactly 85 per-cent of the nonfarm levels. Moreover, since fam ilycomposition does not remain constant from year toyear, the weighted average thresholds for 1972will not reflect, identically, the change in the CPIbetween 1972 and earlier years.

Family. The term "family,* as used in thisreport, refers to a group of two or more personsrelated by blood, marriage, or adoption andresiding together; all such persons are consideredas members of the same family. Thus, if the sonof the head of the household and the son's wifeare in the household, they are treated as part ofthe head's family. On the other hand, a lodgerand his wife not related to the head of the house-hold or an unrelated servant and his wife areconsidered as additional families, and not a partof the household head's family.

Since the basic thresholds used to determinethe low-income status of families and unrelatedindividuals are applied to all families and un-related individuals, the weighted low-incomethresholds are derived using all families andunrelated individuals rather than just those fam-ilies and unrelated individuals classified as belowthe low-income level. To obtain the weightedlow-income thresholds for families and unrelatedindividuals below 125 percent and below 150 per-cent of the low-income level, the weighted thresh-olds shown in table A-3 may be multiplied directlyby 1.25 and 1.50, respectively.

Head of family. One person in each family wasdesignated as the head. The head of a family isusually the person regarded as the head by mem-bers of the family. Women are not classified asheads if their husbands are resident members ofthe family at the time of the survey. Marriedcouples related to the head of a family are in-cluded in the head's family and are not classifiedas separate families.

Size cf. family. The term "size of family'refers to the number of persons who are livingtogether and are related to each other by blood,marriage, or adoption.

50

Table A-3. WEIGHTED AVERAGE THRESHOLDS AT THE LOW-INCOME LEVEL IN 1972 BY SIZE OF FAMILY ANDSEX OF HEAD, BY FARM-NONFARM RESIDENCE

8i/ of family Total

Nonfarm Farm

TotalMale

head'

Femalehead'

TotalMale

head

Female

head t

.111 unrelated individuals 2,101 ::'2,109 .:'2,207 .:'2,040 .:'1,774 )1,824 .:.1,723

under Go Nears 2,103 2,168 2,254 9,085 1,861 1,916 1,77265 years And over 1,994 9,005 2,025 9,000.., 1,708 1,722 1,698

.111 families 3,788 3,813 3,854 3,524 3,277 3,287 3,0722 person: 2,71)3 2,724 2,734 9,670.., 2,296 2,302 2,197Head under 65 years 2,790 2,808 2,823 2,729 2,393 2,399 2,258Head G5 years and over 1,505 . 5 0,530 2,532 3,5161 2,153 9 154_, 2,141

3 persons 3,319 3,339 3,356 3,234 2,830 2,831; 2,7024 persons 1,247 4,275 4,277 4,254 3,643 3,644 3,598

persons 5,011 5,044 5,048 4,994 4,302 4,301 4,3556 persons 3,033 5,673 5,679 5,617 4,851 4,849 4,9007 or mole pe;...n.ns 6,917 6,983 7,000 6,841 5,947 5,963 5,771

'For unrelated individuals, sex of the individual.

Unrelated individual. The term "unrelated in-dividuals as used in this report, refers topersons 14 years old and over (other than in-mates of institutions) who are not living with anyrelatives. An unrelated individual may constitutea one-person household by himself, or he may bepart of a household including one or more otherfamilies or unrelated individuals, or he mayreside in group quarters such as a rooming house.Fhus, a widow living by herself or with one ormore other persons not related to her, a lodgernot related to the head of the household or to any-one else in the household, and a servant living inan employer's household with no relatives areexamples of unrelated individuals.

Related children. "Related" children in afan include own children and all other childrenin the household who are related to the familyhead by blood, r-!-!~riagc, or adoption. In thisreport, the small number of family heads andwives 14 and 15 'ears old are included with thecount of related children under 1R.

Age. The age classification is based on theagt7r) The person at his last birthday.

Race. population is divided into threegroups on the basis of race: white, Negro, and"other races." The last category includes In-dians, Japanese, Chinese, and any other raceexcept white and Negro,

In this report, persons are classified bytheir own race rather than the race of the familyhead as in other Series 1' -60 reports. Thedifferences are negligible for both the poor andthe total population.

Years of school completed. Data on years ofschool completed in this report were derivedfrom the combination of answers to questions con-cerning the highest grade of school attended bythe person and whether or not that grade wasfinished. The questions on educational attain-ment apply only to progress in "regular" schools.Such schools include graded public, private, andparochial elementary and high schools (bothjunior and senior high), colleges, universities,and professional schools, whether day schoolsor night schools. Thus, regular schooling isthat which may advance a person toward anelementary school certificate or a high schooldiploma, or a college, university, or professionalschool degree. Schooling in other than regularschools was counted only if the credits obtainedwere regarded as transferable to a school in theregular school system.

The median years of school completed isdefined as the value which divides the distributioninto two equal groups, one havingcompleted moreschooling and one having completed less schoolingthan the median. These medians are expressedin terms of a continuous series of numbersrepresenting years of school completed. Forexample, a median of 9.0 represents the com-pletion of the first year of high school and amedian of 13.0 means completion of the firstyear of college.

Labor force and employment status. Thedefinitions of labor force and employment statusin this report relate to family heads and un-related individuals 14 years old and over.

Employed. Employed persons comprise (1)all civilians who, during the specified week, didany work at all as paid employees or in theirown business or profession, or on their ownfarm,or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaidworkers on a farm or in a business operated bya member of the family, and (21 all those whowere not working but who had jobs or businessesfrom which they were temporarily absent becauseof illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor-management dispute, or because they were takingtime off for personal reasons, whether or notthey were paid by their employers for time off,and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.Excluded from the employed group are personswhose only activity consisted of work around thehouse (such as own home housework, painting orrepairing own home, etc.) or volunteer work forreligious, charitable, and similar organizations.

Unemployed. Unemployed persons arethose civilians who, during the survey week, hadno employment but were available for work and(11 had engaged in any specific jobseeking ac-tivity within the past 4 weeks, such as registeringat a public or private employment office, meetingwith prospective employers, checking with friendsor relatives, placing or answering advertise-ments, writing letters of application, or being ona union or professional register; (2) were waitingto be called back to a job from which they hadbeen laid off; or!(3) were waiting to report to anew wage or salary job within 30 days.

Labor force. Persons are classified as inthe labor force if they were employed as civilians,unemployed, or in the Armed Forces during thesurvey week. The "civilian labor force" is corn-prised of all civilians classified as employed orunemployed.

Not in the labor force. All civilians 14years old and over who are not classified asemployed or unemployed are 'efined as "not inthe labor force.* This group who are neitheremployed nor seeking work includes personsengaged only in own home housework, attendingschool, or unable to work because of long-termphysical or mental illness; persons who areretired or too old to work; seasonal workers forwhom the survey week fell in an off season; andthe voluntarily idle. Persons doing only unpaidfamily work Mess than 15 hours) are also classi-fied as not in the labor force.

Major activity in survey week. Persons areclassified by major activity in survey week basedon the response to the question, "What were youdoing most of last week?* In this report, theugly categories of major activity shown are"Going to school* and "Other."

51

Occupation, industry, and class of worker.Persons are classified according to tie civilianjob held longest during the year. Persons whoheld two jobs or more were reported in the jobat which they worked the greatest number ofweeks.

The occupation and industry groupings in-cluded in this report were based on the classi-fication systems used in 1960 census. Dataincluded in Series P-60, Nos. 81, 86, and 91 forthe years 1970 to 1972 were based on the classi-fication systems used in the 1970 census. Adetailed comparison of the 1970 classificationsystems to those used during the 1960's may befound in the Bureau of the Census TechnicalPaper 26, 1570 Occupation and Industry Classi-fication Systems in Terms of Their 1960 Occu-pation and industry Elements.

In addition to the change in occupationaltitles between the March 1972 and the March1971 surveys which did not affect the com-parability of the data, a supplemental question,"What were your most important activities orduties?" was added which provided additionalinformation for classifying persons by occupation.In general, the major impact of this supplementalquestion was to reclassify some persons from the"managers" classification into other types ofoccupations (primarily into the major occupationgroup of "craftsmen").

Class of worker refers to the subdivision ofworkers into three groups: Wage and salaryworkers, self-employed workers, and unpaidfamily workers. The first group refers topersons working for wages, salaries, commis-sions, tips, pay "in kind", or at piece rate forprivate employer or for any government unit.The second group refers to persons working intheir own business, profession, or trade, forprofit or fees. The third group refers to personsworking without pay in a business operated by amember of the household to whom they are re-lated by blood or marriage.

Work experience. A person with work ex-perience is one who, during the preceding calen-dar year, did any civilian work for pay or profitor worked without pay on a family-operated farmor business at any time during the year, on apart-time or full-time basis.

Weeks worked in the income year. PersonsareElissified according to the number of differentweeks during the preceding calendar year in whichthey did any civilian work for pay or profit (in-cluding paid vacations and sick leave; or workedwithout pay on a family-operated farm or business.

52

Part-time or full-time jobs. A person isclassified as having worked at part-time jobsduring the preceding calendar year if :le workedat civilian jobs which provided less than 35 hoursof work per week in a majority of the weeks inwhich he worked during the year. He is classifiedas having worked at full-time jobs if he worked35 hours or more per week during a majority ofthe weeks in which he worked.

Year-round full-time worker. A year -roundfull-time worker is one who worked primarily atfull-time civilian jobs (35 hours or more perweek) for 50 weeks or more during the precedingcalendar year.

Nonworker. A nonworker is one who did notdo any civilian work in the calendar year pre-ceding tne survey.

Main reason for working part year. Forpersons who worked 1 to 49 weeks wring theyear, the main reason for working part year isbased on the response to the question "What wereyou doing most of the remaining weeks?"

Niain reason for not working. For persons whoreported that they did not work at a civilian jobfor pay or profit or on a family-. perated farmor business during the year, the main reasonfor not working is derived from the responseto the question "What were you doing most oflast year ?'

Rounding. Percentages are rounded to thenearest tenth of a percent; therefore, the per-centages in a distribution do not always add toexactly 100.0 percent. The totals, however, arealways shown as 100.0. Moreover, individualfigures are rounded to the nearest thousandwithout being adjusted to group totals, which areindependently rounded; Percentages are based onthe unrounded numbers.

Base figures. An estimate of the size of thebase (number of persons and families, etc.) ofeach percent is shown, in most of the tables ofthis report. The 1P72 and 1971 base figuresshown in this report were prepared by inflatingweighted sample results to agree with independentestimates of the population based on statisticsupdated from the 1970 census. The base tiguresfor the years 1966 to 1970 were inflated to esti-mates derived from the 1960 census.

The major effects resulting from the intro-duction of population controls and estimationprocedures based on the 1970 census were to

raise the number of families from 51.2 millionto 51.6 million in the March 1970 CPS and tolower the number of related children under 18from 69.8 to 63.7 million. However, the numberof poor families and the number of related chil-dren below the low-income level remained aboutthe same--5 million and about 9.5 million,respectively. Figures for 1969 and 1970 basedon 1970 census population controls are shownin Current Population Reports, Series P-60,No. 91.

COMPARABILITY OF DATA FOR 1972AND 1971 WITH THOSE FOR PREVIOUS YEARS

The data for 1.972 and 1971 are in someinstances not entirely comparable to figures forearlier years because of revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey. Starting in January 1972, 1970census-based population controls, metropolitanresidence definitions, and other materials wereintroduced into the sample and estimation pro-cedures. The major item affecting compar-ability at the overall national level is the intro-duction of population controls based on the 1970census. Figures for previous years are tied inwith 1960 census-based population controls.Basically, these changes should have no sub-stantial impact on summary measures, such asmedians and means, and on proportional measures,such as percent distributions and low-income orpoverty rates. However, the changes may havemore impact on the population levels in differentsubgroupings such as the total number of personsor families either overall, within some particularincome interval, or below the low-income level.A detailed description of these changes appearsin the Bureau of L abor Statistics report, "Employ-ment anci Earnings," Vol. 18, No. 8, February1972. In this report, data for 1969 and 1970 wereinflated to independent estimates of We populationbased on 1960 census data and, therefore, differsomewhat from those shown in the Series P-60reports, Nos. 86 and 91, which are based on 1970census controls.

The figures shown in this report for metro-politan areas (SMSA's) are based on the SMSA'sas defined on the basis of the 1970 census; thosepublished in earlier years referred to SMSA's asdefined on the basis of the 1960census. There aresignificant differences in the population classifiedas metropolitan from each of these definitions.For the 1970 definition of SMSA's, see U.S. Censusof Population: 1970, NUMBER OF INHABITANTS,PC(1)-Al, United States Summary.

NONRESPONSES AND ALLOCATIONS

In the March 1973 no information wasrecorded for approximately 5 percent of the47,000 households because 00 inter% iew couldbe obtained during di,. week in which the enu-meration was conducted. In ord..: to accountfor these households, the weights assigned toother sample households of similar character-istics residing in the same sam.ple areas wereincreased accordingly. In addition, completeincome information was not reported for about17 percent of all families and 12 percent ofunrelated individual, 14 years old or over.Overall, about 12 percent of all persons 14years old and ove: in households that wereinterviewed did not report complete incomeinformation.

or more detailed information on the char-acteristics of nonrespondents, see "Character-istics of Income Nonrespondents in the ( 'urrentPopulation surve\ ," I miner ,piers, JohnCoder, and Nlitsuo Ono, American statisticalAssociation Proceedings of the social statistics

In order that the maximum amount of informa-tion can he utilized, missing income items areimputed or allocated by values which are obtainedfrom active respondents with similar economicand demographic characteristics. Beginning withthe March 1962 survey, when a respondent did notanswer one or more of the income items, all ofhis income data were imputed.

Beginning with the March 1966 survey, how-ever, in the event a respondent did not answerone or more of the income questions, the mi :singincome data for this person were imputed foronly those income items which were not answered.bach of the earnings items was handled indivi-dually, whereas income items other than earningswere handled as a group. Characteristics usedin this imputation are age. family status, race,residence, weeks worked, and major occupationgroup. The income amount assigned to a non-respondent is that observed for another personwith similar demographic and economic charac-teristics who did respond and who has beenselected systematically in the order in whichindividual records are processed.

Beginning with the 1967 Cl's, the Bureau ofthe Census introduced improved income edit andallocation procedures. rile main feature of thenew procedures is a more refined method forimputing income data which expands theuse of information 'already known about that per-son. Among the major improvements made af-fecting the income data are the following (1) an

53

expanded set of social and economic characteris-tics within which the imputations are made; inaddition to age, race, occupation, and weeksworked, the new procedures include sex and typeof family member as major variables withinwhich the missing income items are imputed; (2)the elimination of inconsistent reporting whichresulted in having workers with no earnings andearners with no weeks worked; and (3) the newimputation procedure assigns missing earningsentries first and then utilizes the earnings in-formation to assi0 missing sources of incomeother than earning,.

I loever, because of coding errors in the proc-essing of the 1965 CPS data, in that year alone itwas not possible to apply all the aforementionedimprovements to the editing and allocation pro -cedures. Since these errors produced an under-estimate of income, they had the effect of over-estimating the number of poor.

In addition, it was discovered that the computerprocedures for editing certain incorrect incomecodes caused an upward bias in the income datafor some r,spondents and therefore would tendto produce an underestimate of the number ofpoor. It is estimated that the net impact of theseerrors had the effect of overestimating the num-ber of poor families by about 120 thousand. Dueto these errors affecting the income data for 1967,data for that year are not strictly comparablewith those shown for 1966, and 1965 to 1972.

Comparison of 1966 poverty data according toorialTEL 1-1 and- revised-editing and allocation pro-ced-ures. Tn or--der to evarirrte the impact of the newprocedures, the poverty data from the March 1967

w:re rerun, thus providing a bridge for the1966 income yl ar showing the results of both theearlier and the new procedures. Both ser'es ofdata are shown in table 1 of P-60, No, 91. Thegeneral impact of he new allocation procedurewas to shift the income distribution slightly up-ward, thus decreasing by 416,000 the number ofpoor families. A more detailed description ofthe new computer editing and allocation proceduresmay he found in Current Population Reports,Series P-60, No. 59, "Income in 1967 of Familiesin the United States," pages 17 to 19,

Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch-April 1969 CI'S. Several modificationswere introduced in the collection of income datain the March and April CPS supplements. Theseinclude (1) '_'Y.tcns ion of the interview period of thesix rotation groups for which income questionswere asked in March and the use of followup formsin these six groups to accommodate householdrespondents who needed more time to obtain therequired income information (it is estimated that

54

some members of approximately 4,400 house-holds, or 9 percent of the total relevant house-holds, made use of these followup forms); (2)modification of the design and content of thequestionnaire to allow for more detailed question-ing of certain income items; thus, boxes for grossreceipts, business expense, and net income havebeen added to the self-employment incomequestions to help the interviewer and respondentdetermine net income, and "yes-no" circleswere added to the questions on income other thanearnings in order to ascertain whether the re-spondent received or did not receive income;(3) field office editing procedures were extendedto a 100 percent income edit of the CPS schedules;(4) training instructions were strengthened byincluding more detailed explanations and moreexamples; and (5) the interview group trainingsession was shifted from February to March.

Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch 1970 Current Population Survey. TheBureau introduced modifications in the collectionof income data for the March 1970 CPS supplement.These were: (1) An advance letter informinghouseholds about the collection of income data wasmailed to all households except those in the firstand fifth months. The latter households receivedspecial letters which explained the need for col-lecting both CPS and census data; (2) informationon work experience and income was collectedsimultaneously for the full sample (in previousyears, work experience information was collectedseparately from income data); (3) the interviewperiod was extended one week for three-fourthsof the sample (using followup calls and separatequestionnaires). In addition, modified pro( ..dureswhich were incorporated in the March 1969 CPSsupplement were also implemented in the March1970 CPS. Overall, data indicate that the use ofthese procedures has resulted in some improve-ment in the collection of income data. Thefamily income nonresponse rate has not onlydropped by 5 percentage points (from 19 to 14percent) bur also it appears that the proportionof aggregate income amounts collected in theMarch 1970 CPS relative to benchmark totalshas increased slightly in the March 1970 CI'Ssupplement as compared with the proportioncollected in the March 1969 CPS supplement.

Modifications in collecting income data in theMarch 1971 Current Population Survey. theBureau continued to use the improved procedureswhich were incorporated in the March 1970 CPS.Procedural changes that were instituted in theMarch 1971 CPS, among others, were:

1. The interview period was extended oneweek for all households in the sample (usingfollowup calls and separate questionnaires). In

the previous year's survey, the interview periodwas extended for only three-fourths of thesample.

2. Income from net royalties was included inthe question covering estates, trusts, or dividends,interest on savings accounts or bonds, and netrental income. In previous surveys, income fromnet royalties was included in the question coveringprivate pensions, annuities, alimony, regularcontributions from persons not living in thishousehold, and anything else.

3. An additional regional office followupwas made by telephone to obtain income amountsfor all followup cases containing one or morepersons who were not interviewed during theoriginal followup period, except for refusal.

Overall, the family income nonresponse ratein March 1973 was 16.5 percent as compared to13.7 percent in March 1972. The proportion ofaggregate income amounts collected in the March1973 CI'S relative to benchmark totals was aboutthe same as for the March 1972 CPS.

Although nonresponse rates for families bylow-income status are not available, it is knownthat families in the low._ r income intervals tendto have lower nonresponse rates than those inthe middle and upper income intervals. This isdue in part to the fact that lower income familieshave less complicated financial arrangementsthan those in other income groups. For a moredetailed discussion of this topic see paper byMitsuo Ono and Herman P. Miller, "IncomeNonresponses in the Current Population Survey,"published in Proceedings of the Social StatisticsSection, American Statistical Association, 1969.

OTHER LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA

It is known that income data are usually under-reported in household surveys, such as the CurrentPopulation Survey (CPS), when compared withaggregate benchmark estimates derived fromadministrative records.

As noted previously, overall aggregate moneyincome compiled in the CI'S was about 90percentof benchmark estimates in 1972. The proportionof aggregate income compiled in the CI'S rangedfrom a low of 45 percent for property income toa high of 98 percent for wage and salary income.The proportion picked up for Social Security andrailroad retirement payments was 92 percentwhile the comparable rate for public assistancewas 74 percent. These rates were 99 and 69percent for nonfarm and farm self-employment

income, respectively. Benchmark estimates arccompiled from data provided by the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis, Social Security Administra-tion, Veterans' Administration, etc. For moredetails regarding the procedures to developbenchmark data, see thefollowing: (1) "Appraisalof Basic Data :Walkable for Constructing IncomeSize Distribution? by Selma F. Goldsmith, pub-lished in Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 13,National Bureau of Economic Research, 1951 and(2) "Size Distribution of Family Personal Income:Methodology and Estimates for 1964," byEdward C. Budd, Daniel B. Radner, and ,lohn C.Hinrichs, Bureau of Economic Analysis, BEA-SP73-21, June 1973.

Although every effort is made to reduce theerrors of underreporting, nonreporting or mis-reporting of income data in the Current PopulationSurvey, they still occur because of various rea-sons. Some of these are (I) overlooking incomereceived, especially small amounts of incometypes not regularly received, e.g., contributionsfrom nonhousehold members, (2) reluctance toreveal certain types of income, e.g., publicassistance, (3) rounding estimates, (4)misunder-standing the question, (5) lack of information,especially covering family members not presentat the time of interview, (6) interviewers' errors,(7) processing errors, etc. For more details onthis topic of income underreporting in censusesand surveys, see (I) Income Distribution in theUnited States (a 1960 Census Monograph), byHerman P. Miller, Bureau of the Census, 1966,(2) The Structure of Income, by Irving 13. Kravis,University of Pennsylvania, 1962, and (3) "SizeDistribution of Family Personal Income: Metho-dology and Estimates for 1964" cited earlier inthis section.

SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OFTHE ESTIMATES

Source of data, The estimates for 1966through 1972 are based on data obtainec eachMarch of the years 1967 through 1973 in theCurrent Population Survey (CPS) of the Bureauof the Census. In March 1973 the sample wasspread over 461 areas comprising 923 countiesand independent cities with coverage in eachof the 50 States and the District of Columbia.As of July 1971 approximately 47,000 occupiedhouseholds have been eligible for interview eachmonth. Of this number 2,000 occupied units,on the average, were visited but interviewswere not obtained because the occupants were notfound at home after repeated calls or wereunavailable for some other reason. In additionto the 47,000, there were also about 8,000 sampleunits in an average month which were visited butwere found to be vacant or otherwise not to be

55

interviewed. From January 1967 through July1972 the sample was spread over 449 areas,and from January 1967 through June 1971 ap-proximately 50,000 occupied housing units wereeligible for interview each month. See CurrentPopulation Reports, Series P-23, No. 22,"Concepts . and Methods Used in ManpowerStatistics from the Current Population Survey,"June 1967, pp. 7-10, for more information aboutthe sample design.

The estimating procedure used for the CPSdata involved the inflation of the weighted sampleresults to independent estimates of the civiliannoninstitutional population of the United Statesby age, race, and sex for March 1972 andMarch 1973. These independent estimates werebased on statistics from the 1970 Census ofPopulation; statistics of births, deaths, immi-gration and emigration; and statistics on thestrength of the Armed Forces. To these totalswere added the population in the Armed Forcesliving off post or with their families on post.

For data collected in the March CurrentPopulation Surveys in the years 1967-71 theindependent estimates used were based onstatistics from the 1960 Census of Population.Current Population Reports, Series P-60,Numbers 86 and 91 showed somewhat differentfigures for 1969 and 1970 since the data inthose reports were inflated to independentestimates of the population based on 1970census data. The 1972 and 1971 data by residenceare based on the 1970 census residence de-finition; therefore, they are not strictly com-parable to data for earlier years which arc basedon 1%0 census metropolitan area definition.

Reliability of the estimates. Since theestimates in this report are based on a sample,they differ somewhat from the figures thatwould have been obtained from a complete census,using the same schedules, instructions, andenumerators. Particular care should be exercisedin the interpretation of figures based on arelatively small number of cases as well as smalldifferences between figures. As in any surveywork, the results are subject to errors ofresponse and non-reporting as well as beingsubject to sampling variability.

In most cases, the schedule entries for incomeare based on memory rather than on records,and, in the majority of cases, on the memoryor knowledge of one person, usually the wifeof the family head. The memory factor in dataderived from field surveys of income producesunderestimates because the tendency is to forget

56

minor or irregular sources of income. Theseerrors of reporting are due to misrepresentationor to misunderstanding as to the scope of theincome concept.

The standard error is primarily a measureof sampling variability, that is, of the variationsthat occur by chance because a sample ratherthan the whole of the population is surveyed.As calculated for this report, the standarderror also partially measures the effect ofresponse and enumeration errors, but it doesnot measure, as such, any systematic biasesin the data. The chances are about 68 out of100 that an estimate from the sample woulddiffer from a complete census figure by lessthan the standard error. The chances areabout 90 out of 100 that this difference wouldbe less than 1.6 times the standard error,and the chances are about 05 out of 100 thatthe different %. would he less than twice thestandard error.

Fhe figures presented in tables A-4 throughA-12 are approximations to the standard errorsof various estimates shown in this report. In

order to derive standard errors that would beapplicable to a wide variety of items and couldbe prepared at a moderate cost, a number ofapproximations were required. As a result,the tables of standard errors provided are anindication of the order of magnitude ratherthan the precise standard error for any specificitem.

Table A-4. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Total or White

(68 chances out of 100)

Site ofestimate

Standarderror

Site ofestimate

Standarderror

(0001 (000) (000) (000)

100 24 5,000 172250 10,000 238500 56 25,000 3561,000 78 50,000 4482,500 122 100,000.... 436

Note: To estimate standard errors for charac-teristics of total persons, multiply thesestandard errors by 0.5.

Tables A-4 and A-6 contain the standard errorsof estimates of the number of low-income personsfor the years 1966-1972. Tables A-5 and A-7contain the standard errors of estimates of the

number of families for the years 1966-1972.

-Fables A-5 and A-7 also should be used foritems which can typically appear only once ina given family, e.g., "Number of male heads offamilies." Standard errors for unrelated in-dividuals are also found in these two tables.Standard errors of estimates of the total numberof families are the same as those shown in

tables . \ -5 and A-7. -Fable A-10 contains thestandard errors of estimated numbers of lowincome persons for the 10 Federal regions.

Table A-5. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDI-VIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Total or White


Site ofestimate

Standarderror

Size ofestimate

Standarderror

(000) (000) (000 ) (000)

100 1() 5,000 66250 16 10,000 88

500 9 25,000 1121,000 31 o,000 1589,500 Is

Table A-6. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW - INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Negro


Size of

estimate(000)

Standarderrors(000)

Size ofestimate

(000)

Standarderrors(000)

100 24 2,500 108250 36 5,000 138500 52 10,000 1441,000 72

Note: To estimate standard errors for charac-teristics of total persons, multiply thesestandard errors by 0.5.

The reliability of. an estimated percentage,computed by using sample data for both numerator

and denominator, depends upon both the sizeof the percentage -nd the size of the total upon

which the percentage is based. Estimated per-centages are relatively more reliable than thecorresponding absolute estimates of the numer-ator of the percentage, particularly if the percentis 50 percent or more.

Table A-7. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBEROF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDI-VIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Negro


Size ofestimate

(000)

Standarderror(000)

Size ofestimate

(000)

Standarderror(000)

100250

500

1014

20

1,0002,500

26

34

Table A-8 shows the standard errors ofestimated percentages of low-income personsfor the years 1966-1972. Table A-9 showsthe standard errors of estimated percentagesof low-income families for the years 19661972.The same standard errors can be used forpercentages of total families. The guidelinesused to decide whether tables A-4, A-5, A-6,or A-7 are appropriate for a particular itemshould also be used for deciding between the useof tables A-8 and A-9. Tables A-11 and A-12contain the standard errors of estimated per-centages for the 10 Federal regions.

57

Note when using small estimates. Percentagedistributions are shown in this report only whenthe base of the percentage is greater than 75,000.

Because of the large standard errors involved,there is little chance that percentages wouldreveal useful information when computed on asmaller base. Estimated totals are shown,however, even though the relative standard errorsof these totals are larger than those for thecorresponding percentages. These smallerestimates are provided primarily to permitsuch combinations of the categories as serveeach user's needs.

Differences. For a difference between twosample estimates, the standard error is approxi-mately equal to the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the standard errors of eachestimate considered separately. This formulawill represent the actual standard error quiteaccurately for the difference between twoestimates of the same characteristic in twodifterent areas, or for the difference betweenseparate and uncorrelated characteristics ?nthe same area. If, however, there is a highpositive correlation between the two character-istics, the formula will overstate the true standarderror.

Table A-8. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Estimatedpercentage

Base of estimated percentage (thousands)

100 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000

2 or 98 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.25 or 95 5.4 3.4 2.4 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.210 or 90 7.4 4.6 3.4 2.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.225 or 75 10.8 6.8 4.8 3.4 2.2 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.450 12.4 7.8 5.6 4.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4

Note: To estimate standard errors of estimated percentages for characteristics of total persons,multiply these standard errors by 0.5.

Table A-9. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME FAMILIESAND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS FOR 1966 TO 1972

Estimatedpercentage


100 I 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000

2 or 98 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 a.2 0.1 0.1 0.15 or 95 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.110 or 90 .0 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 u.125 or 75 4.3 2.7 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.250 5.0 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3

58

Table A.10. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED NUMBER OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS IN THE 10 FEDERAL REGIONS

), I hances .6:i 0) 1.ni. !-',1) a lis) ,,l States contained in each region see appendix A)

Federal relton number

I Il III IV VI VII VIII IX I

,. s,00, 8 ,900 11,000 10,300 9,500 12,000 12,004 18,000 10,400 15,00010 000 12,0,n 13,000 15,000 15,000 13,000 17,000 17,000 26,000 15,000 21,00020000 17 4. ,, Is,000 21,000 21,000 19,000 24,000 25,000 37,000 21,000 30,00030,000 21,,9)o 22,,,ou 26,000 25,000 23,000 29,000 30,000 46,000 26,000 37,000b,,o,,0 ,5,0,n1 25,0n 30,000 29,000 27,000 144;!,, 35,000 54,000 30,000 43,000-,I, ,1,111 ,4111,1 29,1.10 31,000 33,000 30,000 38,000 40,000 61,000 33,000 49,0007 000 3:000 35,000 12,000 10,000 38,000 46,000 50,000 77,000 11,000 62,000Ido,o6f 12,0o0 11,111) 19,000 17,000 11,000 54,000 58,000 92,000 48,000 74,00031,,119 1 7.;,000 69,000 02,199 7.1,000 72,000 88,000 100,000 170,000 81,000 140,000

0,,,000 110,000 120,000 110,000 110,000 130,000 160,000 280,000 120,000 230,000, w0 170000 200,000 170,000 170,000 200,000 270,000 510,000 200,000 420,000"P) 360,000 110,,100 310,000 :120,000 400,000 590,000 1,200,000 420,000 960,000, 67.,,., 746d00f, 520,000 570,000 700,000 1,100,000 2,1100,000 770,000 1,900,000, 1:400,000 1,100,000 940,000 1,100,000 1,300,00(1 2,200,000 4,500,000 1,500,000 3,700,000

,u00 .1, lin,,,,dd 3,400,00!1 2,200,000 2,500,000 3,11)0,000 5,3(1)1,000 IX) 3,600,000 (X)70),111 (X) (X) (x) 1,200,000 9,000,000 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Illustration of the use of tables of standarderrors for national estimates. 'Fable 8 of thisreport shows that in 1972 there were 1,092,000total female headed families with income fromearnings below the low-income level. -FableA-5 shows the standard error on an estimateof this size to be approximately 32,000. Thechances are 6S out of 100 that the estimatewould have been a figure differing from a com-plete census figure by less than 32,000. [hechances are 95 out of 100 that the estimatewould have differed from a complete censusfigure by less than 64,000 (twice the standarderror).

Of these 1,092,000 total female headedfamilieswith income from earnings below the low-incomelevel, 46,000 or 45.4 percent were black femaleheaded families, [able A-9 shows the standarderror of 45.4 percent on a base of 1,092,000to he approximately 1.5 percent. Consequently,chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated4"-').4 would he within 1.5 percentage points ofa ...omplete census figure, and chances are05 out of 100 that the estimate would be withinDI percentage points of a census figure; i.e.,this 05 percent confidence interval would befrom 42.4 to 48.4 percent.

Illustration of the use of tables of standarderrors for regional estimates. Table 11 ofthis report shows that in 1972 there were3,803,000 persons below the low-income levelin region \. rabic :\ -10 shows the standarderror on an estimate of this size to be approxi-mately 450,000. File chances are 68 out of 100that the estimate would have been a figurediffering from a complete census figure by

less than 450.000. The chances are 95 out of100 that the estimate would have differedfrom a complete census figure by less than900,000 (twice the standard error).

Of these 3,803,000 persons, 987,000 or 26.0percent, were black persons below the low-incomelevel in region V. Table A-11 shows thestandard error of 26.0 percent on a base of3,803,000 to be approximately 3.2. Consequently,chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated26.0 percent would be within 3.2 percentagepoints of a complete census figure, and chancesare 95 out of 100 that the estimate would bewithin 6.4 percentage points of a census figure;i.e., this 95 percent confidence interval wouldbe from 19.6 to 32.4 percent.

Illustration of the computation of the standaruerror of a difference for national estimates.Table 8 of this report shows that in 1971 therewere 1,058,000 total female headed familieswith income from earnings below low-incomelevel. Thus, the apparent change in the numberof female headed families with income fromearnings below low-income level in 1971 and1972 is 34,000. The standard error of the1972 estimate of 1,092,000 is 32,000, asshown above. Table A-5 shows the stand-ard error on an estimate of 1,058,000to he approximately 32,000. The standarderror of the estimated change of 34,000 isabout 45,000 =/(32,000) 2

+ (32,000)2 Thismeans the chances are 68 out of 100 that theestimated difference based on the sampleswould differ from the change derived usingcomplete census figures by less than 45,000.

The 68 percent confidence interval around the34,000 change is from -11,000 to 79,000, i.e.,34,000 + 45,000. A conclusion that the averageestimate of the change derived from all possible

samples lies within a range computed in thisway would be correct for roughly 68 percentof all possible samples. The 95 percent con-

59

fidence interval from -56,000 to 124,000(34,000+

2 x 45,000), does not exclude negative valuesand hence, we cannot conclude with 95 percentconfidence that the number of female headedfamilies with income from earnings below thelow-income level in 1972 is actually greaterthan in 1971,

Table A-11. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONS IN FEDERALREGIONS I TO VII, AND IX

Estimatedpercentage


1 or 992 or 985 or 9510 or 9025 or 7550

100 250 500 1,000

5.4 3.4 2.4 1.77.6 4.8 3.4 2.411.9 7.5 5.3 3.816.3 10.3 7.3 5.2

23.6 14.9 10.5 7.5

27.2 17.2 12.2 8.6

2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000

1.11.5

2.4

3.34.75.4

0.761.101.70

2.303.303.80

0.540.761.20

1.602.402.70

0.340.480.751.001.501.70

0.240.340.530.73

1.101.20

Note: For Region I multiply standard errors by 0.70;For Region II multiply standard errors by 0.70;For Region III multiply standard errors by 0.85;For Region IV multiply standard errors by 0.85;For Region V multiply standard errors by 0.80;For Region VI multiply standard errors by 0.95;For Region VII multiply standard errors by 1.00;For Region IX multiply standard errors by 0.85.

Table A-12. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF LOW-INCOME PERSONSIN FEDERAL REGIONS VIII AND X

Estimatedpercentage


100 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000

1 or 992 or 985 or 9510 or 9025 or 7550

8.0

11.217.524.1

34.840.2

5.1

7,1

11.1

15.2

22.0

25.4

3.65.07.8

10.8

15.6

18.0

2.53.65,57.611.012.7

1.62.2

3.54.87.08.0

1.11.6

2.5

3.44.95.7

0.801.101.802.403.504.00

0.510,71

1.IU1.50

2.202,50

0.360.500.781.101.601.80

Not=r For Region VIII, multiply standard errors by 1.00; for Region X, multiply standard errorsby 0.80.

APPENDIX B

OEO TABULATION SPECIFICATIONS

The tabulations originally prepared for OEO contain more detailed cross-classifications than areshown in the tables presented in this report. The sources of the detailed tables in this report arelisted below. Outlines of the contents of the complete OEO tabulations are shown on the followingpages.

Table number in Table number inthis report OEO tabulation

1 and 52 33 34 45 66 97 1

8 89

1

10 2, 3, 4. and 811

1

61

OEO Table 1.--AGE OF PERSON AND FAMILY OELAT(ONSHIP BY AGE AND SEX OF HEAD

;0. . person andrelationship

t. head

All Peraons

T.tal

In families

foist

Age of head (years)

214 22

to to

21 [ 34

35

to

44

45

to

54

55

to

59

80to

64

65and

over

Unrelatedindividuals

Tote' Name as All Persons foe:

lnder 16 yearsas

an Families With Male Readtinder 3 years and Male Unrelated Individuals3 to 5 years Persons in Familiem With Female Head6 to 13 years and Female Unrelated Individuals14 and 15 years

16 to 21 yearsHead Poverty evelSpouse Between 100 and 125 Percent of theOther male Poverty Level

16 and 17 years Between 125 and 150 Percent of the16 and 19 years Poverty Level20 and 21 years

All of the above for:Other female

White16 and 17 years16 and 19 yearn

Negro

20 and 21 years Tabulation areas (except for alternate poverty levels):

22 to 44 yearsNonfarm

sadFarm

R

Spouse Metropolitan AreasOther male Inside Central CitiesOther female Outside Central Cities

Nonmetropolitan AreasSame as 22 to 44 years for:

45 to 54 years 10 Federal Regions

All .1 the above far:

55 to 59 years60 to 64 years65 years and over

OEO Table 2.--EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF PERSONS BY AGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

Years of school completedand family relationship

Total

(yearn)

14

to

21

22

to

34

35to

44

45

to

54

55

to

59

60

to

64\.

65and

over

Roth Sexes

Total Same as -Trial- block for:No years of school completed Family headsElementary Spouses

1 to 3 years Other family members6 to H years Unrelated individual.

Sigh school Same as "Both Sexes- for:1 to 3 years

Male4 years

FemaleCollege It year or more)

Median years of school CompletedAll of the above for:

Same Poverty Level and Race repeats as 0E0 Table 2

OEO Table 3.--WORK EXPERIENCE OF PERSONS BY AGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

Work experience Andfamily relationship

Total

Age (5,8r.)

11

21

22

to

34

to

44

45to

54

55

to

59

60

to

64

65

andover

Both Sexes

Total Same as "Total" block for:

In Armed ForcesFamily headsSpouses

Worked full time Other family members50 to 52 week. Unrelated individuals40 to 49 week.27 to 39 weeks Same as 'Both Sexes" for:26 weeks or less Male

Female\Worked part time

50 to 52 weeks40 to 49 week.

All of the above for

27 to 39 week.Same Poverty %evel and Race repeats as 007 Table I

26 weeks or less

Did not work last yearMain reason for not working

Ill or disabledKeeping houseGoing to schoolUnable to find workRett red

Other

62

630E0 Table 4.--OCCUPATION OF LONGEST JOB OF PERSONS BY AGE

Age' ^ .`

21

Worsed Ia.? oa:,wag, an, I

Pro f esst.,na aro! ,2a.s,:orlal( ler, A I ~^ 5.1.15Cralt Ind SIr.dred sor kersopera, Lnk 1.1,11r, esp,r121,,rer,, oto ...........1.,rsers .to.1 !arm san , ...........

o hlasen1.1 .........St I. onp I.e. , 1,ora

I opal tanl work

io 1 no, sorkIn .1,11.1

Sant. ,lo.erts I ,o.ol and e /en, a, as .1411 lathe I

0E0 Table 5.--AGE OF PERSONS UNDER 22 YEARS OLD BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF HEAD

^~ '=~

11, t h ,exes rend I .

Oa I

In,~band

41fefaellles

InIam111,

.Ith otherma.' head

f.amtlies.1111

ht., 1

NI 1 hhhati.,nal Iovel Ihoot

Under vrars .... ...... .....,n,ler vear

3 yea, ........ ....4 yeh, ..... .

7 wear., ..... ........ ...........9 v.arn1l, years ..... ..... .

11 years. ..... .

12 years ..... .

13 years14 .......... .

13 year1. years ...... . ........ . . .

17 years ........ . ........ .

I. years._ ................ ........19 venrs2l, years21 v.nr. ...... . . . . .....

Under 3 years3 to 7 VS3,1H to 13 years. .24 and 1-, sear.;16 to 21 years

.bame 0,11.1.-et tonal Levels ,1 Head- forVi I th 1,ors ..1 0,11.s.! I ass

Head at th 9 to 1 t Sears ' h ,1Head lit th 12 'ten, of SchoolHead Ith 13 Years tf :14 !tool or More

III of the above fortSame Poverty Level and Race repeats as ltE0 Table 1

0E0 Table 6.--MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SURVEY WEEK OF PERSONS 14 TO 21 YEARS. OLD BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

" ~ ^ " ~ ~ ' ^ " ^ ' ~ ~ ` and awe Total

In s, hool Not '^ ~~~^

Total

Sot In labor forceand unemploved

Tnt a I, nem-

Same RS-In s. honl-

InArmedForces

Persona 14 to 21 ...ears old, totalLean than H. years of a. hod.

vea,High school: 1 tn vear

I vearsCollege I year or mre,Same as -Persons 14 lo 21 Years hloek for,

Persons 14 and 111 years et I dPersor.s ln and 17 years oldPersona 16 and 1 9 years old

and 21 years old

Same O5 Tloth ittes. fa,MaleFemale

All of th, ahoy, far,Same Poverty level and Hare repeats as t11:0 Table I

64

0E0 Table 7.--PERSONS IN FAMILIES BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAD

t

_ _ -

.1. 11, . '1 1. 1.!

a.n t" 111 P.,- 1 Ar, : r,-.511 a:, t!

I ar'1

I iioo

a11L. 34[

pa

0E0Table 8.--INCOME OF SPECIFIED TYPE AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME FOR FAMILIES AND UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS

14.1, c ot t 1 al 111,..ant..

"a/ t, 71 r 75 1. 1.111

41 /CI .4

tan l.on: z

A {bib: .144 . .n. aaPc1...)r. .171 I

tr. : ,111Slibta ~.15

31..r.,,n: In 1,111:c11..151 :ara.1, a. .119.

;,.., 1 am. i s I.,ail iv- th

1," k th tartalc beadAl I i Ind, i.1,1.11-

Lniel.ittal nd Idualaam.,1. 11111,1.1ual,

All .1114IS. 1.51

astax. 1...,c1 and telasat, a' 0E0

0E0 Table 9.--INDUSTRY OF LONGEST JOB OF PERSONS BY FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

Table

.1111 1.1M1 I y rt I a c-...111p

III 14, v lar.bor, t, 1

and -a ry lac 1 gay1V r 1 'arcV1:0 raz and rtv,Ma, fa, .111'1 ng

UT101 I 0vovb.31-1, I a

c.vv.mcn ; ,1Aber pub!, attlltic

abolcvalc and ~./ °~°.~^ ^."~

Pr.f t olvI I P t bar

611 her 1 laiaan rtas

Ag

F

o ,year41

21

IS

5.1

65andover

Same v Al I ly member, block for:Family beadsSpouse,Other family member-b .7 0 1 a 1.,1 Haiti.

:irony Istplh Sena,%talcPeva le

Al I of the above for:~~ P.verly Level and Race repeats as 0E0 Table 1