January , 2005 Max M uters paugh Slide 1 doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000 Submission Digital Television Tuner Design IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2005-1-18 N am e C om pany A ddress Phone em ail M ax M uterspaugh TTE/Thom son 101 W . 103 rd St. Indianapolis,IN 46290 317-587-3711 M ax.muterspaugh@ thoms on.net Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair
Doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000 Submission January, 2005 Max Muterspaugh, TTE/ThomsonSlide 1 Digital Television Tuner Design IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs.
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January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
Digital Television Tuner DesignIEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2005-1-18
Name Company Address Phone email Max Muterspaugh
TTE/Thomson 101 W. 103rd St. Indianapolis, IN 46290
317-587-3711 [email protected]
Authors:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.
Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected].>
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
Abstract
The design constraints and current state-of-the-art of television tuner designs are discussed. This presentation was originally given as a tutorial at the 1998 ICCE.
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
DIGITAL TELEVISION
TUNER DESIGN
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TOPICS
• Phase Noise
• Noise Figure vs. interference
• VSB vs. QAM
• Dual conversion
• Grand Alliance test results
• References
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
• No problem for NTSC
• Critical for digital TV
• Device, frequency, range and PLL design
PHASE NOISE
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE
• Flicker Corner Slope changes - 3 to -2
• GAAS much higher than silicon
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TUNER PHASE NOISEChannel 2
LO = 101 MHz
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TUNER PHASE NOISEChannel 20
LO = 553 MHz
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
PHASE DETECTORS
• Phase/Frequency - logic gate circuit– Noise from gate timing– No correction for LO noise– Reliable pull-in, NTSC “standard”
• GA discriminator– LO2 for double conversion tuner– Frequency and Phase Lock Loop - Ref. 1
• Fractional N– Reduces reference feed-through– More complex– Dual Modulus prescaler
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
NOISE FIGUREVS.
INTERFERENCE
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TUNER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Filter
PLLIC
LOXtalRef.
Mixer "IF" Amp
FilterFilter
470 - 803 MHz Single
RFAmp
Input fromUHF Antenna
Double
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
RF AMPLIFIERBest noise figure peak gain and large signal capability do not occur at the same
operating conditions.
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
VARACTOR Q
Loss = 10 Log
QL = Loaded Q = BW/F0
Q0 = Unloaded Q of varactor + resonator
[ ]
1
1 - QL
Q0
( ) 2
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TYPICAL VARACTOR Rs =0.5 at 8Pf
At 500 MHz, Q0 = 80
Selectivity
BW Loss +22 MHz +44 MHz +88 MHz
30 MHz 2.0 dB 4.7 dB 9.4 dB 14.7 dB
20 MHz 3.3 dB 7.6 13.3 18.4
15 MHz 4.7 dB 9.6 15.1 20.7
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
UHF DOUBLE-TUNE FILTER
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
UHF DOUBLE-TUNE FILTER
• 1 dB BW = 18 MHz
• 3 dB BW = 25.6 MHz
• 1/2 IF, + 22 MHz - 15 dB
• LO Beat, + 44 MHz - 34 dB
• Image, + 88 MHz - 63 dB
• Loss = 6 dB
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
MIXER
• Double-balanced Diode• +10 dBm LO Drive• - 10 dBm Signal input limit• 7 dB Loss• IF Stage 3 dB NF
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TUNER DESIGN
F2 - 1
A1
F1, F2 and A are power ratios
F1 +NF = 10 Log
Stage 1 Stage 2
NoiseFigure = F1Gain = A1
Noise Figure = F2
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
ASSUME
RF gain = 10 dBRF NF = 2 dBFilter Loss = 2 dB per resonatorMixer Loss = 7 dB
RF: 4 dB NF (2.51), gain 8 dB (6.31)Mix/IF: NF = 4 + 7 + 3 = 14 dB (25.1)Sys. NF = 10 Log[2.51 + (25.1 - 1)/6.31)]Tuner NF = 8 dB (+ 2 dB production tol.)Adjacent channel overloads mixer at -14 dBm
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
SYSTEM NOISE FIGURE
Planning Factors for Computer Analysis
• Single receiver• Outside antenna• No VCR, amplifiers or splitters
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
RECEIVER PLANNING FACTORS
LowVHF
HighVHF
UHF
Antenna Impendance (ohms) 75.0 75.0 75.0Bandwidth (MHz) 6.0 6.0 6.0Thermal Noise (dBm) -106.2 -106.2 -106.2Noise Figure (dB) 10.0 10.0 10.0Frequency (MHz) 69.0 194.0 615.0Line Loss (dB) 1.0 2.0 4.0Antenna gain (dB) 4.0 6.0 10.0Antenna F/B Ratio (dB) 10.0 12.0 14.0
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
MODERN FRINGE AREA HOME
Antenna
Rotor LNA
SplitterCoax
3 dB loss
VCR 3.5 dB loss
Receiver
3.5 to 7 dB loss
To other receivers
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
Planning Factor Home
Antenna
Rotor
Coax
4 dB loss
Receiver
System noise figure = 4 dB + Receiver Noise figure = 4 + 10 = 14 dB
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
RESULTS OF MAST MOUNTED ANTENNA AMPLIFIERS
TEST A B C D E F G
VHF(average overchannels)Gain (dB) 17.8 16.8 26.5 22.0 16.4 17.0 12.5NF (dB) 3.9 3.6 4.1 5.2 3.9 3.9 3.9X mod (dBm) -8.3 -12.2 -27.3 -13.0 -16.2 -5.5 -3.5I mod (dBm) -13.0 -7.0 -33.5 -17.0 -20.5 -10.5 -7.0
UHF(average overchannels)Gain (dB) 16.9 20.2 18.5 27.4 15.8 22.4 11.3NF (dB) 3.6 3.9 5.7 5.0 7.1 4.0 3.9X mod (dBm) -17.8 -20.1 -15.6 -13.1 -19.3 -15.1 -3.0I mod (dBm) -22.0 -23.0 -20.0 -11.0 -23.0 -20.0 -7.0
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
SYSTEM NOISE FIGURE
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25LNA Gain, dB
Syst
em N
F
1 TV
TV & VCR
2 TV's & VCR's
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
CO-CHANNEL vs.
ADJACENT CHANNEL
• QAM better for adjacent channel
• Interference removed after demod by LPF
• Optional pilot tone centered on NTSC
• Worse for co-channel into NTSC
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
Adjacent Channel Interference
Radio Frequency Demodulated Baseband
QAM
VSB
0 3CarrierLoweradjacent
Upperadjacent
LowerAdjacent
UpperAdjacent
PilotCarrier
0 6
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
Co-channel Interference
QAM VSB
Pilot (if used) Pilot
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
IF SAW Filter
8 VSB similar to NTSC Lower adjacent demod into desired
Need ~ 60 dB lower adjacent rejection Pilot falls on edge of NTSC SAW for
better co-channel
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
TYPICAL NTSC SAW FILTER
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
DTV SAW
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
BETTER DTV SAW
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
GRAND ALLIANCEDOUBLE CONVERSION TUNER
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
CHOICE OF 1ST IF FREQUENCY
• Cellular Phones
• Cable TV assigns channels to 1 GHz
• Ref. EIA 542 “Recommended Cable
• Television Identification Plan”
• Footnotes: for 611, 919, and 955 to 967 MHz
• are potential problems for dual conversion
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 35
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
SELF GENERATED INTERFERENCE
• L01 / L02 harmonics produce beats
• Shielding and isolation needed
• Example: GA Tuner on HRC cable ch. 56
• 2 x 1335.75 (L01) = 2671.50 MHz
• 3 x 876 (L02) = 2828.00
• 43.50 MHz
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
DIELECTRIC FILTERPARASITIC RESONANCE
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 37
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
FILTERS
• RF selectivity to reduce overload
• Image of 2nd conversion same as SCT
• First IF selectivity– Low frequency side
– Half IF - 22 MHz
– LO Beat - 44 MHz
– Image - 88 MHz
• Bandwidth, Loss, group delay, # of sections
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 38
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER
• BW @ -1dB = 31.2 MHz
• BW @ -3dB = 41.2 MHz
• Half IF Rejection @ -22 MHz = 3.8 dB
• LO Beat Rejection @ -44 MHz = 19 dB
• Image Rejection @ -88 MHz = 36 dB
• Insertion Loss = 2.0 dB
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 39
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 40
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER
• BW @ -1dB = 12.4 MHz
• BW @ -3dB = 16.4 MHz
• LO Beat Rejection @ -44 MHz = 43 dB
• Image Rejection @ -88 MHz = 55 dB
• Half IF Rejection @ -22 MHz = 26 dB
• Insertion Loss = 4.0 dB
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 41
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
3 SECTION DIELECTRIC FILTER
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
GA SYSTEM TEST RESULTS Ref. 6
• ATV Receiver S/N 15 dB• Co-channel NTSC 1.8 dB• Co-channel ATV 15.3 dB• Lower Adj. channel NTSC - 48 dB• Lower Adj. channel ATV - 42 dB• Upper Adj. channel NTSC - 49 dB• Upper Adj. channel ATV - 43 dB• Taboo channels - exceeded test range - 15 dBm• Phase Noise - 78dBc/Hz @ 20kHz
•
January, 2005
Max Muterspaugh, TTE/Thomson
Slide 43
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05-0006-00-0000
Submission
REFERENCES
• 1. Citta, Richard “Frequency and Phase Lock Loop”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. CE-23, August 1977
• 2. Rhea, Randall W. Oscillator Design and Computer Simulation 1995 Noble Publishing, Atlanta
• 3. Gardiner, F. M. Phaselock Techniques 1979 John Wiley & Sons• 4. S. Perlow “Noise Performance Factors in Television Tuners” RCA
Review vol. 37, March 1976, pp 119-135• 5. Zenith Electronics Corporation “VSB Transmission System, Technical
Details” Dec. 17, 1993• 6. Final Technical Report, FCC Advisory committee on Advanced
Television Service, Oct. 31, 1995 http://www.atsc.org/acats.html
• 7. FCC web site on digital television: http://www.fcc.gov/dtv• 8. EIA/CEMA web site: http://www.cemacity.org/works/pubs
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