ubmission ject: IEEE P802.15 Working ject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group Group for for ission Title: [Recent Development of THz Amp Submitted: [7 July, 2010] e: [Young-Chai Ko and Moon-Il Kim, Sangheo any [Korea University] ss [School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Un orea] [+82-2-3290-3254], FAX: [+82-2-921-0544], E act: [ The research group at Korea University, Tera Hz LAN plifier and the low compelxity beamforming schemes which ar se: [Information of feasibility of THz hardwar w complexity beamforming.] e: This document has been prepared to assist sion and is not binding on the contributing indi ment is subject to change in form and content aft , amend or withdraw material contained herein. se: The contributor acknowledges and accepts ay be made publicly available by P802.15. Slid doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0th r Wireless Personal Area Networks (WP r Wireless Personal Area Networks (WP plifier and Low Complexity Beamforming Sch on Pack, Jun Heo, Jae-Sung Rieh, Chulhee Kan niversity, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, E-Mail:[[email protected]] N/PAN Wireless System Group (thing) presents the recent deve re critical in making the THz system feasible.] re from our recent development of the THz am t the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for ividual(s) or organization(s). The material in th ter further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) . s that this contribution becomes the property of de 1
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Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [Recent Development of THz Amplifier and Low Complexity Beamforming Schemes]
Date Submitted: [7 July, 2010]Source: [Young-Chai Ko and Moon-Il Kim, SangheonCompany [Korea University]Address [School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5713 Korea]Voice:[+82-2-3290-3254], FAX: [+82-2-921-0544], ERe: []
Abstract: [ The research group at Korea University, Tera Hz LAN/PAN Wireless System Group (thing) presents the recent development of THz amplifier and the low compelxity beamforming schemes which are critical in making the THz system feasible
Purpose: [Information of feasibility of THz hardware from our recent development of the THz amplifier and low complexity beamforming.]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Slide
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
[Recent Development of THz Amplifier and Low Complexity Beamforming Schemes]
Sangheon Pack, Jun Heo, Jae-Sung Rieh, Chulhee Kang]
[School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-
E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Hz LAN/PAN Wireless System Group (thing) presents the recent development of beamforming schemes which are critical in making the THz system feasible.]
[Information of feasibility of THz hardware from our recent development of the THz amplifier
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE
Slide 1
Submission
Recent Development of THz Amplifier and Low Complexity Beamforming Schemes
Young-Chai Ko, Moon-Il Kim, Jae-Sung RiehSchool of Electrical Engineering
Korea UniversityJuly 14, 2010
Slide
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Recent Development of THz Amplifier and Low Complexity Beamforming Schemes
Rieh, Jun Heo, Sangheon Pack, and Chulhee KangSchool of Electrical Engineering
Korea UniversityJuly 14, 2010
Slide 2
Submission
Contents
Introduction of THz Wireless LAN/PAN Sys. Group at Korea UniversityTHz Power AmplifierBeamforming with Low ComplexityConclusion
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Contents
Introduction of THz Wireless LAN/PAN Sys. Group at Korea UniversityTHz Power AmplifierBeamforming with Low ComplexityConclusion
Slide 3
Submission
1. THz Wireless LAN/PAN System Group at Korea University
Project title– Development of THz Wireless LAN/PAN System
Member– 6 Faculty member and 15 MS/Ph.D students in Korea University
• Director: Prof. Chulhee Kang• PHY layer: Prof. Jun Heo and Prof. Young-Chai Ko• MAC layer: Prof. Sangheon Pack• Antenna/Amplifer: Prof. Moon-Il Kim• RFIC: Prof. Jae-Sung Rhie
Project– 5 year project from 2008-2012 – Supported by Korea Government Funding Agency, IITA (0.5m USD/year)
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
1. THz Wireless LAN/PAN System Group at Korea University
Project title– Development of THz Wireless LAN/PAN System
Member– 6 Faculty member and 15 MS/Ph.D students in Korea University
• Director: Prof. Chulhee Kang• PHY layer: Prof. Jun Heo and Prof. Young-Chai Ko• MAC layer: Prof. Sangheon Pack• Antenna/Amplifer: Prof. Moon-Il Kim• RFIC: Prof. Jae-Sung Rhie
Project– 5 year project from 2008-2012 – Supported by Korea Government Funding Agency, IITA (0.5m USD/year)
Slide 4
Submission
On-Going Research Topics
PHY area– Techniques to overcome NLOS channel environment
• Relay schemes • Beamforming with low complexity
MAC area– Improved MAC process to support 20-40 Gbps data rate such as in THz
comm system– Distributed relay MAC protocol
Antenna/RFICLinear amplifiers and power amplifiers as basic building blocksMixers and VCOs to complete the transceiver systemsLens waveguide system Dichroic plates and metamaterial filters
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
On-Going Research Topics
PHY area– Techniques to overcome NLOS channel environment
• Relay schemes • Beamforming with low complexity
MAC area– Improved MAC process to support 20-40 Gbps data rate such as in THz
comm system– Distributed relay MAC protocol
Antenna/RFICLinear amplifiers and power amplifiers as basic building blocksMixers and VCOs to complete the transceiver systemsLens waveguide system Dichroic plates and metamaterial filters
Slide 5
Submission
2. Development of THz AmplifierBackground
Conventional RF signal generation → Diode-base multiplier chain1) Unavailable to fabricate planar circuit - Impossible for mass production2) Impossible to design amplifiers - High noise figure
Recently, THz transistor device is being developed
Circuit design method is needed proper to THz transistor device process
Approach
Cooperation with Teledyne, one of the THz device manufacturers
Design 10dB amplifier at 300GHz using Teledyne 0.25um InP HBT* process
Special circuit design scheme(ex. negative feedback circuit, bias network)
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
2. Development of THz AmplifierBackground
Conventional RF signal generation → Diode-base multiplier chain1) Unavailable to fabricate planar circuit - Impossible for mass production2) Impossible to design amplifiers - High noise figure
Recently, THz transistor device is being developed
Circuit design method is needed proper to THz transistor device process
Approach
Cooperation with Teledyne, one of the THz device manufacturers
Design 10dB amplifier at 300GHz using Teledyne 0.25um InP HBT* process
Special circuit design scheme(ex. negative feedback circuit, bias network)
* Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor
Slide 6
Submission
(Trend) Research of Other Group2008 “Submillimeter-Wave InP MMIC Amplifiers From 300–345 GHz”
Northrop 35nm InP HEMT* process is used
Three-stage common-source type: 15dB at 310GHz
Circuit size: 1.0x0.6 mm2
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
(Trend) Research of Other Group2008 “Submillimeter-Wave InP MMIC Amplifiers From 300–345 GHz”
Northrop 35nm InP HEMT* process is used
Three-stage common-source type: 15dB at 310GHz
Circuit size: 1.0x0.6 mm2
* High Electron Mobility Transistor
Slide 7
Submission
Device Analysis for Basic Amp Configuration
For high gain- Multistage and common-base configurationOscillation suppression - Negative feedback resistor with 180° phase change
IN OUT
DC Bias: Ic=10mA, Vce=1.5V
100 200 300 4000 500
10
20
30
0
40
freq, GHz
dB(M
AG_C
B)dB
(MAG
_CE) High Gain
<Maximum gain of CE* and CB type>
<Common Base(CB) configuration>
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Device Analysis for Basic Amp Configuration
For high gain- Multistage and common-base configurationOscillation suppression - Negative feedback resistor with 180° phase change
DC Bias: Ic=10mA, Vce=1.5V
100 200 300 4000 500
10
20
30
0
40
freq, GHz
dB(M
AG_C
B)dB
(MAG
_CE) High Gain
Base
Emitter
Collector
freq (1.000GHz to 500.0GHz)
S11
S22
<Common Base(CB) configuration>
Possible to oscillate
Slide 8
Submission
300GHz Amplifier Design
50 x 50 um2
Negative feedback
Slide
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
300GHz Amplifier Design
6-stage Differential Common-Base
Amplifier
Cross-connected (180° phase change)
negative feedback resistor is used
Total circuit size (with pads) is
0.73 x 0.45 mm2
Slide 9
Submission
Measurement Results18.5 dB peak gain @ 289 GHz, 14 dB gain @ 300 GHz
Input and output are well-matched and no oscillation
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Measurement Results18.5 dB peak gain @ 289 GHz, 14 dB gain @ 300 GHz
Input and output are well-matched and no oscillation
Slide 10
Submission
3. Low Complexity BeamformingBeamforming
Using the multiple antennas to obtain high antenna gain
In Tera Hz system, BF must be employed due to high path loss.
Issues
Conventional Beamforming is based on the signal combining at the baseband using the multiple RF chains (the same number of antennas).
Having multiple RF chains including the ADC/DAC for the implementation of beamforming might be not feasible in THz system due to complexity, which requires very high data rate system with very large bandwidth.
For example, 20Gbps using OOK modulation requires 40Gsamples/sec in the baseband. For beamforming with 2 antenna systems (i.e., two RF chains), the baseband might need to be running 80Gsample/sec to aggregate the sampled data from each RF chain.
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
3. Low Complexity BeamformingBeamforming
Using the multiple antennas to obtain high antenna gain
In Tera Hz system, BF must be employed due to high path loss.
Issues
Conventional Beamforming is based on the signal combining at the baseband using the multiple RF chains (the same number of antennas).
Having multiple RF chains including the ADC/DAC for the implementation of beamforming might be not feasible in THz system due to complexity, which requires very high data rate system with very large bandwidth.
For example, 20Gbps using OOK modulation requires 40Gsamples/sec in the baseband. For beamforming with 2 antenna systems (i.e., two RF chains), the baseband might need to be running 80Gsample/sec to aggregate the sampled data from each RF chain.
Slide 11
Submission
Conventional Baseband Beamforming
Structure
Complexity– Very high due to multiple RF chains (the same as the number of antennas) – Processing time of BB based on TDM is very high due to multiple ADC/DACs
RF Analog ADC
RF Analog ADC
RF Analog ADC
.
.
.
Slide 12
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Conventional Baseband Beamforming
Structure
Complexity– Very high due to multiple RF chains (the same as the number of antennas) – Processing time of BB based on TDM is very high due to multiple ADC/DACs
x
1w
x
2w
x
Lw
+
Baseband
.
.
.
Weight vector estimator
Slide 12
Submission
RF BeamformingMotivation
– Single ADC/DAC and the minimal usage of RF componentsEqual gain Beamforming (only phase control) was presented at Globecom’2009
Mixer(F3,G3)
Phase Shifter
(F1,G1)
LNA(F2,G2)
Phase Shifter
(F1,G1)
LNA(F2,G2)
Phase Shifter
(F1,G1)
LNA(F2,G2)
+
If , then the previous codebook vector is used.
If , then switch the codebook vector.
thgg >
thgg <
Initially the phase is set to an arbitrary codebook vector, say
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
RF BeamformingMotivation
– Single ADC/DAC and the minimal usage of RF componentsEqual gain Beamforming (only phase control) was presented at Globecom’2009
IF Amp(F4,G4) ADC
)(trtBaseBand
Compare the SNR with a required
threshold
SNR: g
If , then the previous codebook vector is used.
If , then switch the codebook vector.
1w
Slide 13
Submission
Characteristics of RF Beamforming
Phase shifter– Phase information is provided from the channel estimation of the Baseband.
Combining– Combiner is located after LNA to reduce the overall noise figure.
Phase information– Since the input signal to baseband is the combined signal (or beam formed signal), the
accurate phase information of each antenna path is not possible.– We proposed codebook vector switching algorithm for the phase information in
Globecom’09.• There exists a certain predefined codebook set (or matrix). • Arbitrary selected codebook vector is selected and tested to see if the received
SNR of the signal meets a certain threshold. If it meets, the weight vector search is stopped. Otherwise, it switches to the other codebook vector and follow the same procedure.
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Characteristics of RF Beamforming
Phase shifter– Phase information is provided from the channel estimation of the Baseband.
Combining– Combiner is located after LNA to reduce the overall noise figure.
Phase information– Since the input signal to baseband is the combined signal (or beam formed signal), the
accurate phase information of each antenna path is not possible.– We proposed codebook vector switching algorithm for the phase information in
Globecom’09.• There exists a certain predefined codebook set (or matrix). • Arbitrary selected codebook vector is selected and tested to see if the received
SNR of the signal meets a certain threshold. If it meets, the weight vector search is stopped. Otherwise, it switches to the other codebook vector and follow the same procedure.
Slide 14
Submission
Numerical Examples
Slide
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Numerical Examples
Slide 15
Submission
Conclusion
• THz Amplifier– Based on advanced HBT device technology developed by Teledyne
Scientific, better than 20 dB of small signal gain over 60 GHz bandwidth centered at 300 GHz has recently been achieved.
– With better than 15dB of small signal gain, first ever power measurement is being attempted at 325 GHz.
• Low complexity Beamforming– Single RF chain and single ADC/DAC BF is proposed as well as the beam
tracking algorithm.
Slide
doc.: IEEE 802.15-10-0467-00-0thz
Conclusion
Based on advanced HBT device technology developed by Teledyne Scientific, better than 20 dB of small signal gain over 60 GHz bandwidth centered at 300 GHz has recently been achieved.With better than 15dB of small signal gain, first ever power measurement is
Single RF chain and single ADC/DAC BF is proposed as well as the beam
Slide 16
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