Doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0 Submission Nov 2006 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 1 + Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification.

Richard Paine, Boeing

Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

+

Radio Resource Measurement802.11k and its Specification


Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Agenda

- Why Radio Resource Measurement now?

- 802.11 Existing Measurement Approach

- Proposed 11k Approach

- Requirements

- Issues

- Futures

- Conclusions


Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Military Communications NeedsC

on

nec

tivi

tyC

on

nec

tivi

ty

WIN-TWIN-T

MunitionsMunitionsRoboticsRobotics

SensorsSensors

TacticalTactical

WIN-TWIN-T

TacticalTactical

Unattended Unattended Ground Layer:Ground Layer:

ManeuverManeuverLayer:Layer:

SpaceSpaceLayerLayer::

AirborneAirborneLayer:Layer:

•Assured Communications Anywhere in the World Without Fixed Infrastructure and Zero Setup Time

•Assured Communications Anywhere in the World Without Fixed Infrastructure and Zero Setup Time


Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Connexion by BoeingPeople working togetherTo revolutionize the way we work, communicate, entertain ourselves and relax while mobile.

Connexion by BoeingSM


Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Connexion by BoeingSM

• Onboard Wireless LAN connects passengers to Connexion offboard service

• Certified usage of passenger wireless devices during BA & DLH trials in the first half of 2003

• Full-scale launch of service in April 2004


Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

787


Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Flight Test


Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (d

Bm

)

Future Allocation & Utilization

•Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies


Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilizationto Inefficient Spectrum Utilization– Opportunities Exist in Time, Opportunities Exist in Time,

Frequency, and GeographyFrequency, and GeographyRF Spectrum Allocated by PolicyRF Spectrum Allocated by Policy– Allocations, Assignments, and Allocations, Assignments, and

Incumbents Vary by CountryIncumbents Vary by Country

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Sparse UseSparse Use

Observations Show Bands of Local Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse ActivityHeavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Temporal Usage Characteristics

Vary by Band & ServiceVary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Potential for Usage Dependent on

Incumbent Service & EquipmentIncumbent Service & Equipment

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Medium UseMedium Use


Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What is the XG Program?

• Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum– Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice

and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20)and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20)– Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate

systemssystems

RF emitters detect each other and adjust

automatically


automatically

XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency



Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Key Technologies

•Develop Both the Enabling Technology and the System Concepts to Dynamically Use Spectrum



Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

RRM Extension Options• RRM blue stars show the location of RRM extensions,

though RRM pink stars are remotely possible. • RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs.

MAC

PLCP

PMD

PLME

PHY SAP

PMD SAP

SME

MLME

PLME SAP

ML

ME

SA

PP

LM

E S

AP

MAC SAP

RRM

RRM

RRM

RRM

RRMRRM

Applications(outside 802.11)


Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

11k Scope

This Task Group will define Radio Resource Measurement enhancements to provide mechanisms to higher layers for radio and network measurements.


Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Relationship of RCPI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR

Received Channel Power

Operating Margin

Minimum Operating Point Multipath observed

Impairment input SNR Rx Sensitivity Rx Implementation

dBm

Loss Theoretical Operating Point Actual minimum input SNR

needed toTheorertical support

datarate needed to support datarate

Rx Equivalent Input Noise

Noise Figure

Thermal Noise Floor (-101.5 dBm)

Rx Input Noise & Interference

Channel Noise & Interference

Rx Input Signal


Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

TGh layer management model

• Extract from 802.11h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement extensions for DFS and TPC.

MAC Timing

MeasurementProcessing

MeasurementPolicy

Channel Switch Decision

MeasurementFrames

SME

MLME

Channel Switch Timing

PLME

SME

MLME

MREQUEST/MREPORT

MeasurementFrames

MeasurementPolicy

MEASURE

CHANNEL SWITCH

MREQUEST/MREPORT

Figure 26 – Layer Management Model


Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

MA

C T

iming

Measurem

entP

rocessing

Measurem

entP

olicy

Channel

Sw

itch D

ecision

Measurem

entF

rames

SM

E

MLM

E

Channel

Sw

itch T

iming

PLM

E

SM

E

MLM

E

MR

EQ

UE

ST

/MR

EP

OR

T

Measurem

entF

rames

Measurem

entP

olicy

ME

AS

UR

E

CH

AN

NE

L S

WIT

CH

MR

EQ

UE

ST

/MR

EP

OR

T

September 2002 doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0

David Skellern, Cisco SystemsSlide 4Submission

802.11 Station Architecture

ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture (this is Figure 11 of standard)

MAC sublayer

PLCP sublayer

PMD sublayer

PHY Layer Management Entity (PLME)

PHY SAP

PMD SAP

Station Management

Entity(SME)

MAC Layer Management

Entity (MLME)

PLME SAP

MLM

E S

AP

PL

ME

SA

P

MAC SAP

September 2002 doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0

David Skellern, Cisco SystemsSlide 4Submission

802.11 Station Architecture

ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture (this is Figure 11 of standard)

MAC sublayer

PLCP sublayer

PMD sublayer

PHY Layer Management Entity (PLME)

PHY SAP

PMD SAP

Station Management

Entity(SME)

MAC Layer Management

Entity (MLME)

PLME SAP

MLM

E S

AP

PL

ME

SA

P

MAC SAP

11h


Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Subnet B

Subnet A

R

R

802.11f Context Blob(Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc)

Context Transfer Packet

WLAN Context Transfer

802.16, 802.20,Or802 Cellular

802.11

802.11

802.11


Slide 17

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Subnet B

Subnet A

R

R




802.16, 802.20,Or802 Cellular

802.11

802.11

802.11


Slide 18

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Subnet B

Subnet A

R

R




802.16, 802.20,Or802 Cellular

802.11

802.11

802.11


Slide 19

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Subnet B

Subnet A

R

R




802.16, 802.20,Or802 Cellular

802.11

802.11

802.11


Slide 20

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Subnet B

Subnet A

R

R




802.16, 802.20,Or802 Cellular

802.11

802.11

802.11


Slide 21

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

AP Measurements

Processor

AP1

10/100BaseT

Per STA TableAP Table

STA1

CertsPre-authUserCIM SchemaQoS

ContextBlob

ContextBlob

ContextBlob

802.11hRequestFor Info

or


Slide 22

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

AP1 STA1

Card Measurements


Slide 23

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

RRM Big Picture

UpperLayers

MAC and PHYLayers PHY Radio Information

MAC Radio Information

PHY

MAC

IP Users of Radio Information

Session Users of Radio Information

Transport Users of Radio Information

Presentation

Application Users of Radio Information

Interface toUpper Layers


Slide 24

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

RRM Extension Options• RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions,

though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible. • RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs.

MAC

PLCP

PMD

PLME

PHY SAP

PMD SAP

SME

MLME

PLME SAP

ML

ME

SA

PP

LM

E S

AP

MAC SAP

RRM

RRM

RRM

RRM

RRMRRM

Applications(outside 802.11)


Slide 25

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

MAC

PLCP

PMD

PLME

PHY SAP

PMD SAP

SME

MLME

PLME SAP

ML

ME

SA

PP

LM

E S

AP

MAC SAP

STA1

AP1

Reports

RPE Histogram

FrameReport

11h Get

Req-Air

Get CCA CCA

REQUESTSREPORTS

Beacon on SetupMgt Frames

ReportRequest

RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges

MGT

NDIS

Linux


Slide 26

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

MAC/PHY Context

SME SME

SME SME SME SME

AP1

STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1

AP1 AP1 AP1

AP STA AP STA

STA1 STA2 STA3 STA4

AP1

STA1

AP1

STA1

802.11f Context Blob

802.11h Request for Information

802.11h Request for Information

MLME

PLME

MAC

PLCP

PMD

MLME

PLME

MAC

PLCP

PMD

MAC

PLCP

PMDPLME

MLME MAC

PLCP

PMDPLME

MLME MAC

PLCP

PMDPLME

MLME MAC

PLCP

PMDPLME

MLME


Slide 27

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

MIBs – current

• 802.11– Basic measurements & configuration for STA– Widely implemented in APs– Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics

• 802.1x– Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports– Also some per port statistics– Not widely implemented in access points today

• Bridge MIB– Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated

with an AP– Implemented in some APs– Not 802.11 specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics


Slide 28

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Work from Other TGs

• 802.11d– dot11CountryString

• TGe– dot11AssociatedStationCount– dot11ChannelUtilization– dot11FrameLossRate

• TGi– Write only key access, & IV status

• TGh– Configuration, but no status, monitoring or

statistics!!!


Slide 29

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Purpose of Additions

• Enable better diagnostics of problems– Using info that is easy and cheap to gather

• Enable better frequency planning, optimize network performance– Enable automatic frequency planning

• Enable new services– Location based services– Voice Over IP (VOIP)


Slide 30

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Diagnostics

• Interference from non 802.11 sources

• Interference from other 802.11 networks

• Interference from other APs within same ESS

• Interference from other APs within different ESSs


Slide 31

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Added Station Table to MIB

• Station table is list of wireless STAs an AP knows about

• Also applicable to IBSS

• Currently implemented by many APs, as proprietary MIB/telnet/web interface


Slide 32

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Stations Listed in Table

• Only wireless stations listed• Stations that have communicated with this

STA– Authenticating stations– Authenticated stations– Associated stations– WDS links

• Wireless stations known about through DS only (e.g. pre-auth)


Slide 33

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Stations communicated with

• Table includes all stations a station has received any frames from

• For each station expose full state of communication with that station– Pre RSN authentication state– 802.1x port ID

• Further auth info can be found from 802.1x MIB

– Association state– Detailed link statistics


Slide 34

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Link Statistics

• dot11MACStatistics• Counts of

– MSDUs/MPDUs received/transmitted– Channel utilization in rx & tx direction

• Measured as total μs

• Data rate & modulation of last rx and tx• RSNI, RCPI, and signal quality in legacy RSSI• Link margin as seen by other station

– Available for 11h stations (undefined in specification)– Either use recent measurement report, or request report for

each SNMP request


Slide 35

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Add MAC Statistics to MIB

• Channel utilization from TGe

• Total associated stations

• Total authenticated stations

• Optional events to notify mgmt station of authentication and association events– Current MIB sends TRAPS on assoc/auth

failures


Slide 36

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Events to Report

• Allow all events to be configurable as– Not reported– Reported as TRAP (unreliable)– Reported as INFORM (reliable)

• Default configuration should give same events as current 802.11 MIB

• Report all pre RSN auth/deauth events• Report all association/deassocation

events


Slide 37

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Requirements Categories

• Data, Voice, Video• Data – QoS, wireless net (a, b, g, h)• Voice – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Delay, Jitter, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h)• Video – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h)

• Diagnostics (non-802.11, 802.11, other APs)• Access Point Table• Station Table (BSS and IBSS)• Link stats (counts, data rates, RSSI, link margin)• MAC Statistics (channel utilization, total stations, events)• Events (auth, deauth, associate, deassociate, current MIB)• Coexistence Measurements• Retries• Clear Channel Assessment


Slide 38

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Technical Topics

• MIBs• Signal Strength• Standardizing RSSI (RCPI)• Real Time Parameters• Real Time Issues• Retries• Measuring Transmission Speeds• Measuring Throughput in WLANs• VOIP Radio Resource Issues• Video Radio Resource Issues• Additional Information needed in the MIBs (802.1x, 802.11, 802.1p)• Diagnostics Needed for Effective Mgt of WLANs


Slide 39

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Goal of Radio Measurement:

• Initial deployment– Enable some degree of automatic radio configuration

• Network expansion– Enable some degree of automatic radio reconfiguration

• Enable Radio Aware Performance (monitoring, roaming, handoff)– Provide information to monitor radio performance and fix problems

– Facilitate better roaming


Slide 40

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Define Radio Configuration:

•A set of 802.11 parameter values, individualized for each BSS in a WLAN, that determine WLAN radio performance

Including, but not limited to:–BSS channel/Regulatory Class–AP transmit power–Client transmit power limit


Slide 41

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What will radio measurements allow us to do?

– Simplify and/or automate WLAN radio configuration

– Achieve better performance in dense BSS deployments

– Better utilize radio resources across client stations

– Alert WLAN administrator to problems

– Notify client station applications of current radio status, channel status and status of adjacent BSSs on alternate channels

– Each company uses measurements to add value


Slide 42

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What did we measure?

–Attributes that characterize the WLAN radio environment on all channels

–Attributes that affect or reflect WLAN radio performance on all channels

–Attributes that are not manufacturer specific

–Define the simplest, smallest set of measurements required


Slide 43

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Two Categories of RM

•Statistical Measurements characterize the radio environment in a long-term statistical sense. For example,– Measure 802.11 traffic load as channel busy fraction1 and CSMA access delay– Measure non-802.11 noise & interference as received power histogram1

•Identity Measurements identify stations that affect each other’s performance. For example,– Identify each neighbor AP by measuring its beacon (MAC address)– Identify each neighbor STA and its serving AP in a similar manner– Identify hidden STA when receiving frames to STAs without receiving

corresponding ACK

•1: these measurements are already in 802.11h specification


Slide 44

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What changes are needed in all stas?

• Wireless MAC message protocol–Built on 802.11h mechanisms and measurement frames–Added RRM capability bit and RRM action frame type–Augmented 802.11h measurements with new

requests/reports• MAC firmware– Handle new management frames in the wireless MAC

protocol– Compute measurement payloads from PHY registers and

traffic–Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB


Slide 45

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What additional changes are needed in access points?

• Process measurement requests from external entity–Translate external request into measurement action at

AP radio–Translate request into action frame and send to client

stations–Perform these actions at periodic interval, if requested• Accumulate, store and/or report measurements–Measurements taken at the AP radio–Measurements reported by client stations–Method of conveyance is a separate discussion–Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB


Slide 46

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

11k Requests

Measurement Request ElementBeacon RequestChannel Load RequestFrame RequestNoise Histogram RequestSTA Statistics RequestLocation Configuration Indication (LCI) RequestQoS Metrics Request (for QOS streams)


Slide 47

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Measurement Report ElementBeacon ReportFrame ReportChannel Load ReportNoise Histogram ReportLocation Configuration Indication (LCI) ReportSTA Statistics ReportQoS Metrics Report (for QOS streams)

11k Reports


Slide 48

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

11k Other

AP Channel Report, Channel Load, Access Delay and Available AdmissionCapacity in beacons

Neighbor Request/Report frames (lists APs in neighborhood)

Link Measurement Request/Report frames (quick link test)

Location


Slide 49

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What should not change at any station?

–Wireless MAC control frames and procedures

–Wireless MAC data frames and procedures

–Any hardware, including MAC and PHY


Slide 50

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (d

Bm

)

Future Allocation & Utilization



Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilizationto Inefficient Spectrum Utilization– Opportunities Exist in Time, Opportunities Exist in Time,

Frequency, and GeographyFrequency, and GeographyRF Spectrum Allocated by PolicyRF Spectrum Allocated by Policy– Allocations, Assignments, and Allocations, Assignments, and

Incumbents Vary by CountryIncumbents Vary by Country

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Sparse UseSparse Use

Observations Show Bands of Local Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse ActivityHeavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Temporal Usage Characteristics

Vary by Band & ServiceVary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Potential for Usage Dependent on

Incumbent Service & EquipmentIncumbent Service & Equipment

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Medium UseMedium Use


Slide 51

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

What is the XG Program?

• Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum– Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice

and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20)and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20)– Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate

systemssystems


automatically


automatically




Slide 52

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

Key Technologies




Slide 53

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

• Measurements Necessary for Future Growth

• Fast Track for Radio Resource Measurement

• More Control May Be Adopted as a Next Step (another task group, 11v)

• Future Technologies Require More Measurement

• Automating Radio Environment Adaptation

Conclusions


Slide 54

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

11k Status Jul 06

• 3rd Letter Ballot Passed

• 4th Recirculation Letter Ballot Passed

• Going to 5th Recirculation Letter Ballot January 07

• Expect to go to Sponsor Ballot in 07

• Expect to be a standard mid to late 2007


Slide 55

doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0

Submission

Nov 2006

For WiFi Alliance

• Get approval for a WFA Study Group

• Request start of acceptance/testing/conformance criteria

• Next major step to 802.11 sophistication and development

• VOIP Handoffs via the Neighbor Report

• Tools to further the standard and the industry

Doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1888r0 Submission Nov 2006 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 1 + Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification.

Documents

richard paine

061888r0 submission

h slide

frequency slide

measurement extensions

specification slide

boeing sm slide

setup time slide