UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ANGLISTIKO IN AMERIKANISTIKO EDITA FIDLER Animal Welfare and Protection English-Slovene Glossary Dobrobit in zaščita živali Angleško-slovenski glosar Diplomsko delo Mentor: prof. dr. Rastislav Šuštaršič Somentor: prof. dr. Dušan Gabrovšek Študijski program: Angleški jezik in književnost Španski jezik in književnost Ljubljana, 2012
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Dobrobit in zaščita živali - Angleško-slovenski glosar
Dobrobit in zaščita živali Angleško-slovenski glosar
Povzetek Osrednji del diplomskega dela predstavlja angleško-slovenski glosar, ki vključuje izraze s področja dobrobiti in zaščite živali. Glosar vsebuje slovenske ustreznice angleških izrazov, poleg tega pa tudi razlago vseh izrazov v angleščini. Glosar je dvosmerni, saj je angleško-slovenski seznam besed dopolnjen še z obratnim, slovensko-angleškim seznamom, kar glosarju zviša uporabno vrednost. Poseben poudarek je namenjen problematiki takoimenovanega 'speciesizma' v jeziku in tudi možnosti odprave s tem povezanih problemov. V okviru glosarja sta na kratko predstavljena tudi zgodovina in razvoj pojmovanja pravic živali. Čeprav glavni del diplomskega dela predstavlja glosar, je le-temu v začetnem, teoretičnem delu dodana razlaga osnovnih pojmov s področja leksikologije, leksikografije, terminografije in strokovne leksikografije. Te teoretične osnove olajšajo razumevanje glosarja in proces njegovega nastajanja.
ANIMAL WELFARE AND PROTECTION: English-Slovene Glossary Abstracts The thesis focuses on compiling an English-Slovene glossary of animal welfare and protection-related expressions. The glossary provides Slovene equivalents to English terms plus their definitions in English. It is bidirectional, thus the English-Slovene word list is followed by a reverse word list, which makes the glossary multifunctional. An emphasis is given to the problems of speciesism in language and to their possible solutions. The glossary also features a brief review of the history and development of the concept of animal rights as well. The central section of the thesis is the glossary. However, it is preceded by a theoretical section, in which the basics of lexicology, lexicography, terminography and specialized lexicography are explained. These theoretical observations facilitate the understanding of the glossary and the process of its compilation.
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UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA
ODDELEK ZA ANGLISTIKO IN AMERIKANISTIKO
EDITA FIDLER
Animal Welfare and Protection English-Slovene Glossary
Dobrobit in zaščita živali Angleško-slovenski glosar
Diplomsko delo
Mentor: prof. dr. Rastislav Šuštaršič Somentor: prof. dr. Dušan Gabrovšek
Študijski program: Angleški jezik in književnost Španski jezik in književnost
Glossary of Animal Welfare and Protection – Theoretical Considerations ........15
1. Theoretical considerations ............................................................................15 1.1. User Profile.............................................................................................16 1.2. Animal Welfare and Protection ...............................................................17 1.3. Speciesism in Language ........................................................................21 1.4. Common Misuse of Certain Animal-protection Terms ............................23
2. Planning a Glossary......................................................................................25 2.1. Systematic Classification of Lemmata....................................................25 2.2. Material for the Glossary ........................................................................25 2.3. Lemma Selection....................................................................................26 2.4. Equivalent Selection...............................................................................27 2.5. Linguistic and Encyclopedic Information.................................................27 2.6. Sample Glossary Entry...........................................................................29
Spomladi leta 2012 končno zaključujem svojo drugo študijsko smer in s tem še drugo diplomsko delo. Ob tem čutim zadovoljstvo, ponos, malo negotovosti, predvsem pa veliko mero hvaležnosti do vseh, ki so mi v letih študija tako ali drugače stali ob strani.
Iskrena zahvala gre mojima mentorjema, ki sta bila zelo velikodušna s svojim znanjem in izkušnjami, predvsem pa potrpežljiva, kar res cenim.
Iz srca se zahvaljujem svoji družini, ker kljub mojim nešteto dejavnostim ni obupala nad mojo drugo diplomo, je bo pa zato toliko bolj vesela!
Hvala vsem prijateljicam in prijateljem, brez katerih morda ne bi prišla tako daleč, če pa bi, pa pot gotovo ne bi bila tako prijetna in poučna.
Ne smem pozabiti na izjemno prijaznost članov skupine Veganska iniciativa, ki so dokazali, da jim boj za boljšo prihodnost nečloveških živali res pomeni vse in so mi zato tudi takoj priskočili na pomoč pri ustvarjanju tega glosarja.
We are all Earthlings. Make the connection.
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ANIMAL WELFARE AND PROTECTION: English-Slovene Glossary
Abstracts
The thesis focuses on compiling an English-Slovene glossary of animal welfare
and protection-related expressions. The glossary provides Slovene equivalents
to English terms plus their definitions in English. It is bidirectional, thus the
English-Slovene word list is followed by a reverse word list, which makes the
glossary multifunctional. An emphasis is given to the problems of speciesism in
language and to their possible solutions. The glossary also features a brief
review of the history and development of the concept of animal rights as well.
The central section of the thesis is the glossary. However, it is preceded by a
theoretical section, in which the basics of lexicology, lexicography,
terminography and specialized lexicography are explained. These theoretical
observations facilitate the understanding of the glossary and the process of its
compilation.
KEY WORDS:
English-Slovene glossary, animal welfare, animal protection, speciesism in
language, specialized lexicography
5
Povzetek
Osrednji del diplomskega dela predstavlja angleško-slovenski glosar, ki
vključuje izraze s področja dobrobiti in zaščite živali. Glosar vsebuje slovenske
ustreznice angleških izrazov, poleg tega pa tudi razlago vseh izrazov v
angleščini. Glosar je dvosmerni, saj je angleško-slovenski seznam besed
dopolnjen še z obratnim, slovensko-angleškim seznamom, kar glosarju zviša
uporabno vrednost. Poseben poudarek je namenjen problematiki
takoimenovanega 'speciesizma' v jeziku in tudi možnosti odprave s tem
povezanih problemov. V okviru glosarja sta na kratko predstavljena tudi
zgodovina in razvoj pojmovanja pravic živali.
Čeprav glavni del diplomskega dela predstavlja glosar, je le-temu v začetnem,
teoretičnem delu dodana razlaga osnovnih pojmov s področja leksikologije,
leksikografije, terminografije in strokovne leksikografije. Te teoretične osnove
olajšajo razumevanje glosarja in proces njegovega nastajanja.
KLJUČNE BESEDE:
angleško-slovenski glosar, dobrobit živali, zaščita živali, speciesizem v jeziku,
strokovna leksikografija
6
Introduction
Collins English Dictionary (2007) defines glossary as "an alphabetical list of
terms peculiar to a field of knowledge with definitions or explanations". This is
what I will strive to create in the present thesis. I will compose a glossary of
terms related to animal welfare and protection. However, it will not be a mere
list of terms and their corresponding definitions, which in my case will both be
provided in English, because the glossary will be bilingual. Thus original English
entry words will be given corresponding Slovene equivalents, because my
intention is to make this practical work useful to Slovene users, regardless of
whether they are only interested in this subject field and just want to solve any
vocabulary-related problems, or whether they are translators who seek for an
accurate Slovene term when translating animal protection texts from English.
For greater usefulness, a reverse Slovene-English word list will be added, as
well as a contemporary animalist and abolitionist view of the topic that the
glossary covers.
As to the structure of the thesis, the first section will present theoretical
concepts and definitions, necessary for understanding of the basics of the
lexicographical work I am undertaking. After the theoretical part the central,
practical part of the thesis will follow, that is the glossary and all its preliminary
commentaries that describe the user profile, purpose, and thematic field of the
glossary, as well as the process of compiling it.
My selection of the theme for the glossary was based on the fact that Slovene is
a minor language and that therefore it often lacks adequate expressions in
fields that are well developed abroad but still in their early stages in Slovenia.
The field of animal welfare and protection is also such, therefore I believe I can
make a noticeable contribution to the development of the animal rights
movement in Slovenia by collecting a considerable number of animal rights-
related terms in English and by finding their corresponding Slovene equivalents.
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SECTION I Theory
1. Terminology and Terminography
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies says of terminology that it is
"concerned with the naming of concepts in specialized domains of knowledge"
(286), though it does not provide an answer to the question whether it is a
discipline in its own right or not. In fact this is not really vital regarding the
purpose of the present thesis, but the theorists agree that it deals with the
creation, collection, explanation and presentation of terms. Apart from being
one, terminology also has very close ties to other areas of applied linguistics,
such as specialized translation, especially because one of the most widely
practiced applications of terminology is in the domain of translation (ibid. 286).
To understand terminology it is important to understand three key notions
associated with it: these are concept, definition and term. These three elements
provide the foundation for a theory of terminology. Concepts are "units of
thought that are used to organize our knowledge of the world around us" (ibid.
287). We understand concepts in relation to other concepts, because they form
a structured system. Every concept needs a definition, and the definition is a
bridge between the concept and the term that designates it. Its terminological
definition has to be detailed enough so that it differentiates the concept and its
corresponding term from other concept-term units. And finally, terms are the
linguistic designations assigned to concepts. Terminology deals with different
specialized domains of knowledge, so terms are used to refer to concepts that
constitute knowledge in a particular domain. In an ideal system each term
should be designated to a clearly defined concept and the chosen term should
represent the concept effectively (ibid. 286).
There are various theoretical approaches to terminology, but for the sake of the
work I am planning to do it is more important to present the objectives of
terminology than its theoretical branches. The primary objective of terminology
is standardization, which usually involves selecting one term from many
competing terms and consists of two steps: first, the concept is fixed and then
its designation becomes standardized. The criteria for preferring one term to
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another are usually economy, transparency and appropriateness of a certain
term, and terminology itself also strives for precisely defined concept-term units,
devoid of ambiguity (ibid. 287).
In terminology, theory and application are strongly related; moreover,
terminology is important especially for its applications. Another name for applied
terminology is terminography, sometimes also referred to as terminology work,
and it is "a group of practices concerned with the collection, description,
processing and presentation of concepts and terms in a specialized field" (ibid.
288). Terminologists are usually those who do systematic research of a domain
in order to compile bi- or multilingual resources, such as glossaries. Sometimes
translators themselves undertake some terminographic activity, especially when
they encounter a particular terminological problem when translating (ibid. 288).
To create a glossary, terminographers must first create a specialized corpus,
that is a collection of texts that meet certain criteria, for example topic, period,
language, etc. Once a corpus is established, a list of candidate terms taken
from the texts in the corpus has to be made and arranged, usually
alphabetically. When this terminological research is completed, the information
has to be presented in a form that is accessible and handy for the users. Such
gathered information is nowadays often provided in electronic form (i.e. in term
banks), though it is still possible to prepare printed glossaries. Recently,
electronic term banks have become strongly preferred to printed glossaries,
because they are more dynamic and can be more frequently updated. However,
since specialized subject fields are constantly expanding and evolving, it is
practically impossible for any term bank to guarantee exhaustive up-to-date
coverage of the language used to describe these fields (ibid. 289).
2. Lexicology, Lexicography and Specialized Lexicography
When defining the terms lexicology and lexicography, it is enough to look them
up in various dictionaries and the difference between them is immediately
evident. Collins English Dictionary, for example, provides the following concise
definitions: lexicology is "the study of the overall structure and history of the
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vocabulary of a language" and lexicography is "the process or profession of
writing or compiling dictionaries". It is not very difficult to see that the
relationship between lexicology and lexicography is analogous to that between
terminology and terminography; thus, lexicography could also be called applied
lexicology. Bergenholtz and Tarp define lexicography simply as "the compilation
of dictionaries" (30) and they state that only in recent years scholarly
contributions in the field of lexicography have increased, but they remain
skeptical whether they are relevant to lexicographers and of any practical value,
because their level of abstraction is usually very high (ibid. 30).
In addition to the general lexicographical theory and practice there is also
adoption-and-killing facility zavetišče (ki ubija zdrave živali)
nehumano zavetišče
wild animals free-living animals divje živali prostoživeče živali, živali v divjini
zoo animal zoo captive žival v živalskem vrtu ujetnik v živalskem vtu
1.4. Common Misuse of Certain Animal-protection Terms
When it comes to a certain expression that is problematic from the animal
rightists' point of view, as in the cases from the above table, users only have to
choose another, non-speciesist term and the problem is solved. However, there
are still some other expressions, usually widely known and used, but very
frequently misused or used in wrong contexts. To provide a clear understanding
of the vocabulary this glossary deals with and to make sure that the following
words are used properly, I further on draw attention to some particular and very
common mistakes and discuss them, as the Humane Myth group website1
proposes.
• Humane myth
Humane myth is a general idea propagated by the animal-using industry and
also by some animal-protection organizations, which state that it is possible to
use and kill animals humanely, although the manner that they refer to can
hardly be described as respectful, compassionate or humane. Abolitionists, who
call for the total elimination of all kinds of animal use, believe that many
expressions used in animal-advocacy campaigns in fact support this humane 1 All the explanations of the misuse of certain term in the chapter 1.4. are taken from respective articles that can be found on http://www.humanemyth.org/.
24
myth and are therefore misleading. Some of these expressions are animal
welfare, animal protection, cruelty-free, happy meat, humane slaughter and
suffering.
Regarding the terms animal protection, animal welfare and cruelty-free the
abolitionists warn that in public they are frequently abused in order to mislead.
Welfare itself is not an abolitionist concept, because it refers to the work carried
out with the intent of improving the health and well-being of animals, regardless
of what their final destiny is. The abolitionists try to end cruelty and exploitation,
while welfarists only try to provide better living conditions for the animals that
are used in any of the animal-using industries. In similar context the
expressions animal protection and cruelty-free are commonly misused, because
animal advocates often refer to their work as animal protection although the
animals for which they are striving to provide better living conditions are still
killed in the end. On the other hand there are animal-using industries that claim
their animal products are produced with methods causing less pain to the
animals and therefore call them cruelty-free products. This is clearly a misuse of
the term, since cruelty is nevertheless present, only reduced. In the same way
the concept of reducing suffering is misused, because suffering is a mental
experience of physical and emotional pain and therefore cannot be objectively
measured. The use of the concept of suffering presented as something
objective, which can be minimized, serves to rationalize it and consequently
makes it less uncomfortable for people to live with. There is no special need to
emphasize that humane slaughter is an oxymoron as well, following the twisted
logic of the above-mentioned expressions.
Happy meat is a slightly different idea, usually used to denominate the meat
marketed as having come from humanely raised animals, meaning that they are
sustainably raised and grass-fed. It is obviously a euphemistic term, sometimes
interchanged with the expression humane meat, which is similarly oxymoronic,
because something that is dead cannot be happy or humane. For this obvious
illogicality animal rightists often use the expression happy meat as derogatory
and ironic, since they believe no slaughtered animal is happy, regardless of how
it is treated before its death.
25
• Pescatarian, flexitarian, beegan
These terms describe people who do not fully accept vegan or vegetarian
philosophy, but they do practice some modification of them. They are mostly
diet-descriptive denominations and do not reflect a holistic vegan philosophy, as
many users of these words may mistakenly believe.
2. Planning a Glossary
2.1. Systematic Classification of Lemmata
My main dilemma when deciding about the organization of the glossary was
whether I should group the selected entries into the five different subfields
related to animal protection into which animal protection groups usually divide
the fields of animal exploitation issues. These five subfields are: animals used
for food, animals used for clothing, animals used for experimentation, animals
used for entertainment and companion animals. This is the division the PETA
website offers, and in this way the issues are presented also in the movie
Earthlings2, which was the inspiration for the present glossary in the first place.
However, there are entries that may belong to more than one field at a time and
as the glossary is supposed to be user-friendly and therefore not confusing, in
the end I decided for an alphabetical classification without any subdivisions of
the glossary.
2.2. Material for the Glossary
When I started to search for the expressions and phrases suitable for a glossary
that is supposed to cover the heterogeneous field of animal welfare and
protection, I first went back to the movie Earthlings, which approaches the
issues of animal exploitation systematically, dividing it into five more narrow
areas. Regarding the user profile established beforehand, I already selected
possible glossary entries while watching the movie. The next step was
searching through many websites that feature glossaries related to any of the 2 The movie Earthlings can be accessed at http://www.earthlings.com/.
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subfields of animal exploitation, and the key words that led me to these pages
had been taken from the movie or had been at least inspired by it. I also kept on
broadening my horizons with every new webpage I discovered and carefully
read through, and all these pages usually led me to other pages with similar
content. Apart from all these compiled web glossaries the definitive source of
lemmata in the end became the PETA website, since this organization's
approach to the topic of my glossary is the most exhaustive and one of the most
updated sources on the topic as well.
Internet search results show that there exist numerous books on the topic, the
majority of them in English, but unfortunately they are not available in Slovene
libraries or bookshops, so I decided to base my search for suitable glossary
entries solely on the internet sources, which can undoubtedly be less reliable,
but are certainly among the most frequently updated.
2.3. Lemma Selection
When the material for the glossary was finally compiled in one document, I first
arranged the selected lexical items alphabetically and then started rereading the
word list, immediately eliminating the expressions or phrases I found too
general or really too distant from any of the subfields I had initially wanted to
divide my glossary into.
The hardest part of the lemma selection was how to decide which terms and
phrases responded to the established target user needs. Specific monosemic
terms were included automatically, but I also included frequent non-LSP terms
and expressions, many of them for their frequent use in animal protection texts
and others for the specific use they have within this field. In cases of these
glossary entries I only provided the English definition that refers to the use in
the texts I analyzed, because only this definition is relevant for the intended
users of the glossary.
Finally, I also included some expressions that the experts who revised the
glossary pointed out as important but missing.
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2.4. Equivalent Selection
With those glossary entries that are quite widespread in everyday use in
Slovene I didn't have any specific problems because usually they are already
part of the LGP dictionaries that I used. Thus, I was able to find the
corresponding definitions in English and the proper Slovene equivalents in the
respective LGP dictionaries.
When I came across a word or phrase with multiple meanings, I chose the
meaning that was relevant within the semantic field of this glossary. In some
cases there are various, usually two equally acceptable Slovene equivalents.
The Slovene equivalents that I couldn't find in LGP dictionaries were relatively
easy to find on websites of different animal protection groups or in specialized
articles, also accessible on the Web. When there were various possible
solutions to a lexical problem in Slovene, I consulted experts (a veterinarian, a
hunter and the Veganska iniciativa members) to find the best or the most
commonly used expression. In some cases we wanted to avoid a descriptive
translation for words or phrases that do not have a common Slovene equivalent
yet, so we agreed upon an expression to be used with some specific meaning
within the field of animal welfare and protection.
2.5. Linguistic and Encyclopedic Information
A typical function of a glossary is to provide accurate lexical meanings and not
exhaustive linguistic information, so I also focused on gathering relevant target
language equivalents in the first place, and on adding a clear enough definition
of the lexical unit in English in the second. In some articles the encyclopedic
information is more detailed than in others, in order to clarify those expressions
that are less common or refer to more complex concepts. All encyclopedic
information is given in English, because many definitions of the terms that this
glossary includes are much more elaborate in English than in Slovene and
therefore they can present a more detailed and informative description to a user
with a relatively good level of English.
28
My choice to provide only English definitions of the terms is based on the
assumption that the users who want to acquire more knowledge about the entry
word are those with a higher level of English and to them an English definition
will be more useful than a Slovene one. It should also be noted that for many of
the included terms exhaustive Slovene definitions are hard or impossible to find.
However, it is very important that definitions are included because a number of
entry words in the glossary also belong to the general language and therefore
they need a definition that explains their special meaning within the field of
animal welfare and protection.
The sources of English definitions are various. Many of them can be found in
general monolingual dictionaries. I have striven to include definitions that are
clear, and I have even expanded some of them in order to satisfy the users'
curiosity and needs and to eliminate any possible doubts regarding the
meanings of the terms. When I took entry words from online dictionaries or
glossaries3 that I had found on animal rights-related websites, I usually also
took their definitions from these websites, although I also tried to expand them
when I believed that this was necessary to make a certain definition more user-
friendly. In a few cases I was not able to find clear-cut definitions of certain
terms, neither in online nor in printed dictionaries. In such cases I carefully
reread the texts that feature any of the terms in question and then I selected the
most important and adequate pieces of information about the term and put them
together to form a comprehensive definition for the glossary entry.
The only purely linguistic pieces of information within the glossary are cross-
references among synonyms and information about the entry words' word
classes.
3 These glossaries and other online sources of entry words are cited in the bibliography under Online Sources of Glossary Entries.
29
2.6. Sample Glossary Entry
abolition n. ukinitev, odprava
The act of abolishing or the state of being abolished; annulment. Abolitionist
animal advocates fight for total cessation of animal use and property status.
The headword is followed by n. which carries the information about the word
class of the entry. In this case it is a noun.
Abolition is translated into Slovene by "ukinitev" or "odprava". Then an
explanation in English is provided. Since the term "abolition" can have a more
general meaning, a further explanation of it within the field of animal protection
is given.
Synonyms are also included in the glossary; the symbol > is followed by the
synonym in bold under whose entry the user can find the corresponding
definition in English and the Slovene equivalent.
Some glossary entries are equipped with a picture or photography that facilitate
the understanding of a term.
30
3. English-Slovene Glossary
abattoir n. klavnica > slaughterhouse abolition n. ukinitev, odprava The act of abolishing or the state of being abolished; annulment. Animal advocates fight for total cessation of animal use and property status. action alert n. poziv k ukrepanju A message that an organization sends via email or publishes on websites to mobilize people, often members of their group and supports of a specific point of view, calling on them to respond to a problem in need of immediate action. altered adj. kastriran A euphemistic word for > castrated or > neutered ammonia burn n. kemična opeklina A painful eye condition, especially among chickens, caused by exposure to unhealthy and unclean living space. animal advocacy n. zagovorništvo pravic živali Promotion and defense of the interests of animals in general. It includes work for animal rights and animal welfare. animal advocate n. zagovornik/-ica pravic živali A person who promotes and defends the interests of animals and works for animal rights and animal welfare. animal activist n. borec/-rka za pravice živali,
aktivist/-tka A person who claims animal rights on behalf of animals. animal guardian n. skrbnik/-ica živali A person who is responsible for the care and management of an animal by watching over it, protecting it and providing for all its necessities. animal husbandry n. živinoreja The branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals such as cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses. See also > animal science animalist n. zagovornik/-ica pravic živali See > animal advocate animal protection n. zaščita živali Any type of work carried out with the intent to spare animals from harm or death.
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animal rightist n. zagovornik/-ica pravic živali See > animal advocate animal rights n. pravice živali The rights of nonhuman animals to be protected from exploitation and abuse by humans, defending the position that they have rights and inherent value independent of their usefulness to humans. animal sanctuary n. zatočišče za živali A facility where animals are brought to live and be protected for the rest of their lives. animal science n. živinoznanost Study of biology of animals that are under the control of men, these are both domestic and companion animals. Particular emphasis is given to the study of animal growth, reproduction and nutrition, and how the knowledge about them, techniques and technology can be employed by the animal-using farming to maximize profits and minimize losses. See also > animal husbandry animal shelter n. zavetišče za živali An establishment that provides temporary housing and care for homeless animals. animal-tested adj. testiran na živalih Usually of drugs or cosmetics that went through a series of tests carried out on animals in order to determine the presence of a substance or to ascertain its properties and therefore confirm if the drug is safe to be used by humans. animal testing n. testiranje na živalih An examination of the characteristics of something, usually of drugs or cosmetics, by applying them to the animals and observe the reaction. animal trafficker n. prekupčevalec z živalmi A person who trades animals on a mass scale, but usually illegally or with improper documents, etc. animal-using industry n. dejavnost, ki izkorišča živali Any business that uses and kills animals. The term is used especially to refer to the food industry and clothing industry, but also to medical, psychological, pharmaceutical and weapons testing experiments, and to entertainment, including circuses, sport hunting, rodeos and zoos. animal welfare n. dobrobit živali Health, happiness and well-being of animals. ankus n. kavelj (za slone) A metal stick, usually with a curved sharp ending, used for goading elephants.
32
anxiety-induced psychosis n. tesnobna psihoza A severe mental disorder of caged animals, characterized by deranged and insane behavior, pacing, aggressiveness, etc., caused by a prolonged exposure to reduced living space and fear of being harmed. aquarium n. akvarij 1 A tank, bowl, or pool in which aquatic animals and plants are kept for pleasure, study, or exhibition. 2 A building housing a collection of aquatic life, as for exhibition. artificial insemination n. umetna oploditev Introduction of spermatozoa into the vagina or uterus by means other than sexual union. assembly line n. tekoči trak A sequence of machines, tools, operations, workers, etc., in a factory slaughterhouse, arranged so that at each stage a further process is carried out. astrakhan n. astrahan, perzijsko krzno A fur, usually black or grey, made of the closely curled wool of lambs that were killed as newborns or while still in their mothers' wombs. > karakul or > broadtail balaclava n. balaklava, podkapa A close-fitting hood that covers the ears and neck, often used by animals rightists to protect their anonymity.
bark softening n. prerez glasilk A euphemistic term for > debarking or > devocalization basic rights n. temeljne pravice Rights and freedoms that are fundamental and to which everyone is entitled by the Constitution, among them the right to life and liberty. battery cage n. baterijska kletka A large group of cages for intensive rearing of poultry. beef farming n. govedoreja The rearing of various bovine animals, especially cows, which are then killed for food. began n. vegetarijanec, ki izmed živalskih
izdelkov uživa le med A vegetarian who eats honey but no other animal products.
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black fax n. črni faks A fax transmission, consisting of one or more pages entirely filled with uniform black tone, with which the sender intends to consume the recipient's fax machine ink and in such way show protest against the recipient or their actions. to bleed v. izkrvaviti To let an animal die by bleeding. bloat n. napihnjenost, timpanija An abnormal distention of the abdomen in cattle, sheep, etc., caused by accumulation of gas in the stomach. to bludgeon v. tepsti s palico To hit or knock down with or as with a bludgeon, which is a stout heavy club, typically thicker at one end. boxcar n. pokriti tovorni vagon A closed railway freight van. to brand v. ožigosati To label, burn or mark with a brand. branded adj. ožigosan Marked or burnt with a brand. breeder n. rejec/-jka; vzreditelj/-jica A person who breeds animals. broadtail n. astrahan > astrakhan or > karakul broiler chicken pitanec, brojler, gojeni piščanec za prehrano A young tender chicken raised for flesh and suitable for roasting. bucking strap n. bočni pas > flank strap
bullfight n. bikoborba A traditional Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American spectacle in which a matador, assisted by banderilleros and mounted picadors, baits and usually kills a bull in a bullring. bullring n. bikoborska arena An arena for bullfighting. cage-free adj. iz talne reje Not bred in a cage: usually of chickens. cage madness n. obnorelost zaradi zaprtja v kletko The condition of being insane because of being kept in a cage for a long time.
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cagemate n. žival, ki sobiva v kletki
An animal that shares the same cage as another. cage trap n. živolovka > live trap canned hunting n. lov v oborah A hunt for animals that have been raised on game ranches until they are mature enough to be killed for trophy collections. captive adj. ujet Held under restriction or control; confined. captive bolt gun n. pištola za omamljanje
s penetrirnim klinom A device used for stunning animals prior to slaughter, which functions on a principle of a forceful strike on the forehead using a bolt to induce unconsciousness.
caretaker n. skrbnik A person who takes care of an animal. carnism n. karnizem A belief system or ideology that condition people to eat certain animals. It is essentially the opposite of vegetarianism or veganism. Carnists, the people who live in meat-eating cultures, view eating animals as a given, rather than a choice. cashmere n. kašmir A fine soft wool from goats of the Kashmir area. to castrate v. kastrirati, skopiti To remove the testicles or ovaries of an animal. castration n. kastracija, skopitev The removal of the testicles or ovaries of an animal. catch-and-release fishing n. izpuščanje ujetih rib nazaj v vodo
A practice of recreational fishing in which after capture the fish are unhooked and returned to the water.
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cattle prod n. električna palica A hand-held device used to make cattle or other livestock move by striking or poking them or sending through them a high-voltage electric shock. > electric prod to chain v. prikleniti To confine, tie, or make fast with or as with a chain. choke chain n. zatezna veriga A chain that tightens like a noose when pulled, usually used for chaining bovine animals in the stables. choke collar n. zatezna ovratnica A chain collar that tightens like a noose when the leash is pulled, used to train or control dogs.
circus n. cirkus A travelling company of entertainers such as acrobats, clowns, trapeze artists, and trained animals. clothing industry n. oblačilna industrija The light industry producing garments. to club v. potolči s palico To beat with or as with a club. cockfight n. petelinji boj A fighting event between two gamecocks fitted with sharp metal spurs. cockpit n. arena za petelinje boje The round or square enclosure where the cockfights take place. comb n. greben, roža The fleshy deeply serrated outgrowth on the top of the heads of certain birds, especially the domestic fowl.
commodification n. komodifikacija, poblagovljenje The act of turning into a commodity.
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to commodify n. komodificirati, poblagoviti To treat a living being inappropriately as if it can be acquired or marketed as other commodities in order to make a profit. companion animal n. hišni ljubljenček,
živalski spremljevalec An animal kept as a pet. > pet confinement n. ujetništvo The act of confining or the state of being confined. conibear trap n. skopec A body gripping trap that lures an animal with a bait into the correct position and it is triggered when the animal touches the wire triggering mechanism. It closes on the neck or torso of the animal and usually fractures its spinal column. conscience n. vest The sense of right and wrong that governs a person's thoughts and actions. conscientious objection n. ugovor vesti An act of refusing to participate in a certain type of activity for reasons of conscience. crate n. zaboj, ograjen prostor A fairly large container, usually made of wooden slats, wickerwork or wires. See also > wire crate and > wooden crate to cripple v. pohabiti To make a cripple of; to disable. cruelty-free adj. razvit brez mučenja živali Of a cosmetic or other product, developed without being tested on animals. to cull v. odbrati, ubiti, odstreliti To take out (an animal, especially an inferior one) from a herd; to reduce the size of a herd or flock by killing a proportion of its members. dairy cow n. mlekarica, molznica A cow used for production of milk and milk products. dairy farming n. mlečna živinoreja The business of owning or operating a farm that produces milk and milk products. debarking n. prerez glasilk A euphemistic term for > devocalization
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to debeak v. debikirati To remove part of the beak of poultry to reduce the risk of such habits as feather picking or cannibalism. to declaw v. odstraniti kremplje To remove the claws from an animal. to defeather v. oskubiti perje To remove the feathers from an animal, usually poultry. dehairing tank n. bazen za skubljenje/odstranitev dlak > scalding tank to dehorn v. odstraniti rogove To remove or prevent the growth of the horns of cattle, sheep or goats. demonstration n. demonstracija, protest A manifestation of grievances, support, or protest by public rallies, parades, etc. den hunting n. jamarjenje Hunting of animals when they are in their dens, usually when hibernating. > denning denning n. jamarjenje > den hunting
to desnood v. odstraniti bradelj To remove the snood of a turkey to reduce the risk of cannibalism. See also > snood devocalization n. prerez glasilk A surgical procedure applied to dogs in which tissue is removed from the animal's vocal cords in order to permanently reduce the volume of their vocalization, i.e. barking. > debarking or > bark softening direct action n. neposredna akcija Action such as strikes or civil disobedience, employed by organized groups to obtain demands from an employer, government, etc. to dismember v. razkosati To remove the limbs or members of an animal; to cut in pieces. dissection n. raztelešenje The act of cutting open and examining the structure of a dead animal. dock n. štrcelj The stump of a tail left after cutting it off.
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to dock v. kupirati rep To remove the tail or part of the tail of an animal by cutting through the bone. dog fight n. pasji boj An illegal organized fight between dogs, arranged for spectator entertainment and betting. dogsled racing n. dirke s sanmi s pasjo vprego A competition of speed among sleighs drawn by dogs. down n. puh The soft fine feathers with free barbs that cover the body of a bird and prevent loss of heat. In the adult they lie beneath and between the contour feathers. downer n. izčrpana žival An animal that is destined to be slaughtered and is already too sick or too injured to walk. Draize test n. Draizov test A test to determine a degree to which a substance such as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical irritates human tissues and during which a small amount of the substance is applied directly in the eye of a rabbit, and the rabbit is then monitored. to dump v. zavreči To get rid of an animal. ear clipping n. kupiranje uhljev > ear cropping ear cropping n. kupiranje uhljev The intentional removal of a part of an animal's ears by cutting them off. > ear clipping earthling n. zemljan/-nka An inhabitant of the earth. electric prod n. električna palica > cattle prod to electrocute v. ubiti z električnim tokom To kill as a result of an electric shock. elephant goad n. kavelj (za slone) > ankus
empathy n. sočutje The power of understanding and imaginatively entering into another being's feelings.
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to enclose v. zapreti To close; to surround with or as if with a fence. > to pen ethical vegetarian n. etični vegetarijanec Someone who doesn't eat meat because of the conviction that such way of life contributes to a better treatment of animals and environment. to euthanize or to euthanise v. evtanazirati, uspavati To kill an animal painlessly, especially to relieve suffering from an incurable disease. exhaustion n. izčrpanost, izmučenost Extreme tiredness; fatigue. to exploit v. izkoriščati To take advantage of somebody or something, especially unethically or unjustly for one's own ends. exposure injury n. poškodba zaradi izpostavljenosti The injury that is a consequence of the lack of shelter from the weather, especially the cold. factory farm n. industrijska kmetija A farm in which animals are bred and fattened using modern industrial methods. factory trawler n. ribiška ladja za predelavo rib A large fishing boat that processes the fish that are caught. fake fur n. umetno krzno > faux fur or > fun fur to fatten v. rediti, pitati To cause an animal to become fat by feeding it. faux fur n. umetno krzno A material made of synthetic fibers designed to resemble fur, usually as a piece of clothing. > fake fur and > fun fur feather-pecking n. puljenje perja A behavioural problem amongst domestic hens or other poultry that consists of one bird's repeated pecking at the feathers of another. feedlot n. pitališče, živinska ograda An area or building where livestock are fattened rapidly for market. feral adj. podivjan Of animals, existing in a wild state, especially after being domestic.
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fishing n. ribolov The occupation of catching fish. flank strap n. bočni pas A strap, fastened behind the widest part of the rodeo bull's or rodeo horse's abdomen, which is used to encourage the animal to kick out straighter and higher when it bucks. > bucking strap
fleece n. runo, ovčje krzno The coat of wool that covers the body of a sheep or similar animal and consists of a mass of crinkly hairs. flexitarian n. fleksitarijanec A person who eats a predominantly vegetarian diet, but who eats meat or fish occasionally, making exceptions for social, pragmatic, cultural, or nutritional reasons. It is a more recent coined expression for > semi-vegetarian flystrike n. infestacija rane z jajčeci
muh ali ličinkami The infestation of wounded sheep by blowflies or maggots. food animal n. žival za prehrano An animal raised for its meat. foothold trap n. stopalka A trap made of two jaws and a spring, and a trigger in the middle, which is usually a round pan. When an animal steps on the trigger the trap closes around the foot, preventing the animal from escaping.
forced moulting n. prisilna menjava perja The practice of starving hens in order to force them to moult simultaneously, which is achieved by withdrawal of feed for a week or two. This has the effect of allowing the hen's reproductive tracts to rejuvenate and after a molt, the hen's production rate usually rises and egg quality is improved. > induced moulting to force-feed v. pitati na silo To force an animal to eat or swallow food.
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to foster v. vzgajati To rear under the care of someone. free-range adj. v prosti reji Kept or produced in natural, not intensive conditions. frostbite n. ozebline Destruction of tissues, especially those of the fingers, ears, toes and nose, by freezing, characterized by tingling, blister formation, and gangrene. fruitarian n. fruktarijanec, sadni vegetarijanec A person who eats only fruit. fun fur n. umetno krzno > faux fur or > fake fur fur n. kožuh; krzno 1. The dense coat of fine silky hairs on such mammals as the cat, seal, or mink. 2. The dressed skin of certain fur-bearing animals, with the hair left on.
furbearer n. kožuhar An animal whose skin is covered with fur, especially fur that is commercially valuable. fur farm n. farma za vzrejo živali za krzno A farm where animals are bred or raised for their fur. game n. divjad Wild animals, birds, or fish hunted for food or sport. gas chamber n. plinska celica An airtight room into which poison gas is introduced to kill animals. gestation crate n. kotitveni boks, prasilišče A small metal enclosure used in intensive pig farming, in which a female breeding pig is confined during pregnancy. to gore v. nabosti Of an animal, such as a bull, to pierce or stab with a horn or tusk. greenwashing n. zeleno zavajanje A superficial or insincere display of concern for the environment shown by an organization intended to mislead, cover up and hide harmful activities behind the guise of environmentalism and conservation. to gut v. odstraniti drobovje To remove the intestines or entrails of an animal.
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hakapik n. hakapik Metal-hook-tipped club used in the seal slaughter.
to handfeed v. ročno hraniti To give food to an animal by hand, usually in fixed amounts and at fixed times, rather than use a self-feeding system. happy meat n. srečno meso A term to describe meat that is marketed as having come from humanely raised animals, meaning that they are sustainably raised and grass-fed. hatchery n. valilnica; ribogojnica A place where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. head bobbing n. pozibavanje z glavo A behavioural problem of enclosed animals that consists of moving a head with a short abrupt movement. heatstroke n. vročinska kap A condition resulting from prolonged exposure to intense heat, characterized by high fever and in severe cases convulsions and coma. hoarder n. zbiratelj/-jica (živali) The person who masses a large number of animals but fails to provide for animals' basic physical and social needs, including food, water, shelter, veterinary care and sanitary living conditions. hog-dog rodeo n. boj med psom in divjo svinjo The event in which one or two frenzied dogs are turned loose in pens to attack wild pigs in front of the onlookers and judges, who rate dogs by how quickly they take down their prey. hogwashing n. humano zavajanje The practice of generating the public appearance of having compassion or concern for the well-being of animals while continuing to kill them for profit. home demo n. protest na domu An organized protest that takes place at a target's home instead of his place of business, usually after midnight and with lots of noise to alarm the whole neighbourhood. homeless adj. brezdomen Having nowhere to live.
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hoofed animal n. parkljasta žival, žival s kopiti An animal having horny covering of the end of the foot, such as horses, cows, etc. horse-drawn carriage n. konjska vprega A carriage that is driven by one or more horses that are harnessed to it. humane myth n. mit o humanosti An idea being propagated by the animal-using industry and some animal protection organizations that it is possible to use and kill animals in a manner that is respectful or compassionate or humane, though it can be fairly described as such. hunting n. lov The pursuit and killing or capture of game and wild animals, regarded as a sport. hunt sab n. sabotaža lova; saboter lova Slang for > hunt saboteur or > hunt sabotage. hunt sabotage n. sabotaža lova Any activity aimed at disrupting the lawful activity of sport hunters. > hunt sab hunt saboteur n. saboter lova A person that carries out any activity aimed at disrupting the lawful activity of sport hunters. > hunt sab to impregnate v. oploditi, obrejiti > to inseminate incrementalism n. inkrementalizem A slow change. In abolitionist movement, examples of incrementalism are abolishing foie gras, seal hunting, dogfighting, etc. induced moulting n. prisilna menjava perja > forced moulting to inseminate v. oploditi, obrejiti To impregnate a female with semen, so that she conceives. > to impregnate interspecies extrapolation n. ekstrapolacija med vrstami The inference or estimation about how something would affect humans regarding the known effects on non-human animals. in vitro testing n. testiranje in vitro Testing performed outside the living organism in an artificial environment, such as a culture medium.
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karakul n. astrahan > astrakhan or > broadtail
kennel n. 1. pasja hišica, pesjak
2. psarna 1. A hut-like shelter for a dog. 2. An establishment where dogs are bred, trained, boarded, etc. kosher adj. košer Conforming to Jewish religious law, fit for use: especially of food, prepared in accordance with the dietary laws. lacto-ovo-vegetarian n. lakto-ovo-vegetarijanec A vegetarian whose diet includes dairy products and eggs. lacto-vegetarian n. laktovegetarijanec A vegetarian whose diet includes dairy products. land animal n. kopenska žival An animal that lives on land, the solid part of the surface of the earth. laying hen n. kokoš nesnica An adult female of the domestic fowl that is bred to lay eggs. laying warehouse n. hala za rejo kokoši nesnic A large building filled with cages in which laying hens are kept. leafleting n. deljenje letakov The act of standing outdoors in a busy public area and offering animal rights literature or leaflets to the people passing by, usually done by volunteers. leather n. usnje A material consisting of the skin of an animal made smooth and flexible by tanning, removing hair, etc. live trap n. živolovka A trap in a form of a cage designed to catch live animals. > cage trap
locavorism n. lokavorizem The principle of eating only food that is locally produced and not moved long distances to market.
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macerator n. drobilec, drobilnik A machine used in egg industry into which male chickens are thrown to be minced or crushed to death because they are considered useless to the industry that produces eggs. macrobiotic adj. makrobiotičen Of or relating to macrobiotics. macrobiotics n. makrobiotika A dietary system in which foods are classified according to the principles of Yin and Yang. It advocates diets of whole grains and vegetables grown without chemical additives. to maim v. pohabiti To mutilate, cripple, or disable a part of the body. manure n. gnoj Animal excreta, usually with straw, used to fertilize land. marine park n. vodni park A park that usually consists of oceanarium, sea mammal pools, sea animal exhibitions, attractions for children, etc. mass breeding n. masovna reja Intentional rearing and maintaining of domestic animals for people's use occurring on a large scale. mastitis n. mastitis, vnetje vimena Inflammation of the udder. maternal deprivation n. maternalna deprivacija Separation of an offspring from their mother. meat industry n. mesna industrija Organized activity concerned with the rearing of animals for meat. milker n. mlekarica, molznica > dairy cow or > milking cow milking cow n. mlekarica, molznica > dairy cow or > milker monkeywrenching n. ekološko sabotiranje Destroying a vehicle or other machine in a way that interferes with its operation in order to sabotage an action that causes animal cruelty, such as cutting the brake lines of seafood delivery trucks, disabling equipment in biomedical laboratories, and smashing computers inside university research facilities.
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moral imperative n. moralni imperativ A principle originating inside a person's mind that compels that person to act in a way that they think is ethical or morally right. to moult or US molt v. leviti se; menjati dlako/perje Of birds, mammals, reptiles, and arthropods; to shed feathers, skin, hair, or cuticle. See also > forced moulting mulesing n. mulesing, odstranitev kože v
področju anusa ovac
Performing the Mules operation on a sheep, which consists of cutting large pieces of wool-bearing skin and flesh from around the backside of a sheep to eliminate the risk of flystrike. musher n. voznik pasje vprege Dogsled driver. to mutilate v. iznakaziti To deprive of a limb, essential part; to maim; to dismember. neck pole n. cev za pitanje gosi in rac A metal pole that is shoved down a duck's or goose's throat so that they are force-fed through it at foie gras farms. neocarnism n. neokarnizem A revival of > carnism to neuter v. kastrirati, skopiti, sterilizirati > to castrate non-animal science n. humana znanost The science that does not use and harm animals, especially regarding the experiments. non-human animal n. nečloveška žival A non-speciesist term used to refer to an animal. non-cooperation n. nesodelovanje The policy of refusing to collaborate or cooperate with those engaged in unjust or unethical activities. non-participation n. neudeležba The policy of refusing to take part in activities considered unjust or unethical. non-target animal n. neciljna žival An animal that is inadvertently captured, killed or injured during wildlife damage management, hunting or fishing. The same species may be either a target or a non-target animal, depending on the situation.
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open rescue n. javno reševanje The practice of animal protection that intervenes in the process of animal exploitation by entering facilities where animals are used and killed (laboratories, industry farms, etc.), where they take photographs and video to document conditions, and then rescue a small number of animals from the facility. Its goal is to expose the reality of animal exploitation. pacing n. nenehno gibanje, prestopanje A behavioural problem of enclosed animals that consists of never-ending walking along the same path in the enclosure, usually along a line or in circles. ovo-vegetarian n. ovovegetarijanec A vegetarian whose diet includes eggs. pelt n. kožuh, koža z dlako The skin of a fur-bearing animal, such as mink, especially when it has been removed from the carcass. See also > fur to pen v. zapreti > to enclose pescetarian n. ribovegetarijanec > pesco-vegetarian
pesco-vegetarian n. ribovegetarijanec A person who practices a type of vegetarianism, which excludes all meat from one's diet, but permits seafood. > pescetarian pet n. hišni ljubljenček A tame animal kept in a household for companionship, amusement, etc. > companion animal. to pet v. božati, ljubkovati To pat or fondle an animal. pet shop n. trgovina za male živali > pet store pet store n. trgovina za male živali A retail business that sells different kinds of animals that can be kept as pets. They also sell pet food, supplies, and accessories. > pet shop petting pool n. bazen z živalmi, ki se jih
lahko obiskovalci dotaknejo A human-marine mammal interaction program where people are allowed to lean over a pool to touch and/or feed various marine mammals (dolphins, sea lions, beluga whales, orcas, etc.).
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petting zoo n. otroški živalski vrt; del živalskega vrta z udomačenimi živalmi, ki jih obiskovalci lahko božajo
A facility that features domestic animals and sometimes wild species that are docile enough for visitors to touch and feed them. phototoxicity n. fototoksičnost The inflammatory skin reaction caused by exposure to a chemical and subsequent exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation. physical integrity n. telesna integriteta The right of every being to inviolability of the body, based on the principle that claims that each man's actions must be so restrained as not directly to inflict bodily injury, great or small, or any other. pinch collar n. ovratnica z bodicami A collar with a series of chain links with blunted open ends turned towards the dog's neck to prevent the dog from pulling by applying pressure at each point against the dog's neck. > prong collar
plant-based diet n. rastlinska prehrana A general term for an eating pattern dominated by fresh or minimally processed plant foods and decreased consumption of meat, eggs and dairy products, usually none of these. to pluck v. skubiti, puliti perje To pull off feathers from a fowl. poaching n. krivolov The practice of catching game, fish, etc., by trespassing on private or protected property. poacher n. divji lovec/-vka, krivolovec/-vka. A person who illegally hunts game, fish, etc., on someone else's property. pod n. jata A small group of animals, especially seals, whales, or birds. potluck n. kulinarično srečanje In vegan terms, a potluck is a social gathering where each individual brings a dish to share with the group. poultry n. perutnina Domestic fowls collectively.
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pound n. zavetišče za živali > animal shelter or > shelter pound seizure n. zaseg živali iz zavetišča The seizure of animals from a shelter in which a shelter is required to turn over animals to laboratories upon request. prong collar n. ovratnica z bodicami > pinch collar
puppy mill n. intenzivna masovna psarna A commercial dog breeding facility that is operated with an emphasis upon profits above animal welfare and is often in substandard conditions regarding the well-being of dogs in their care.
purebred adj. čistokrven Denoting a pure strain obtained through many generations of controlled breeding for desirable traits. to put down v. uspavati A euphemistic term for > to euthanize to put to sleep v. uspavati A euphemistic term for > to euthanize pyrogenicity n. pirogeničnost The quality or state of being pyrogenic, which means being able to produce fever. racing dog/horse n. dirkalni pes/konj A dog/horse competing in a contest of speed. rape rack n. boks za osemenjevanje The contraptions in which pigs or cows are restrained while they are forcibly inseminated. raw foodism n. presnojedstvo A lifestyle promoting the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed food, but including also raw milk, raw fish and raw meat. See also > raw veganism raw veganism n. presno veganstvo A lifestyle promoting the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed plant foods. regulatory testing n. regulatorno testiranje A regular process of subjecting laboratory animals to a test that is required by law in order to determine whether chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other products are non-toxic and therefore safe for human use.
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rooster n. petelin An adult male chicken. to rope v. uloviti z lasom To catch with a rope or lasso. to run amok or amuck v. pobesneti, podivjati To run about with or as if with frenzied desire to kill. runt n. najmanjša, najslabotnejša
žival v leglu
An undersized animal, especially the smallest animal of a litter. sameness n. enakost The quality or condition of being the same. sanctuary n. zatočišče za živali > animal sanctuary to scald v. popariti To subject to or treat with boiling water. scalding tank n. bazen za skubljenje/odstranitev dlak A large, often metallic container for holding boiling hot water in which food animals, such as pigs or chickens, are put in order to remove their hairs or feathers. > dehairing tank seafood n. morska hrana Edible fish or shellfish from the sea. seitan n. sejtan A chewy, protein-rich food made from wheat gluten and used as a meat substitute. to self-mutilate v. samopohabiti se To inflict harm upon someone's own body, in the case of animals as a consequence of unhealthy, stressful and unnatural conditions in which they live. semi-vegetarian n. polvegetarijanec A person who generally avoids meat but sometimes eats it. See also > flexitarian sentience n. čutenje The quality or state of being sentient. sentient n. čuteč Having sense perception not involving intelligence or mental perception; feeling.
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to sex v. določiti spol To determine if an animal is male or female. to shear v. ostriči To remove fleece or hair by cutting or clipping. shearling n. 1. enkrat ostrižena enoletna
ovca 2. strojena koža enoletne ovce
1. A sheep that is one year old and has been shorn once. 2. The skin of such an animal. shelter n. zavetišče za živali > animal shelter or > pound
shock collar n. električna ovratnica An electronic training collar that produces a static pulse stimulation at varying degrees of intensity and duration to the dog in case of its disobedience. silk n. svila A fine lustrous fiber produced by certain insect larvae, especially by a silkworm, to make their cocoons. to skin v. odreti To remove skin from. to slaughter v. zaklati To kill animals, especially for food; to butcher. slaughterhouse n. klavnica A place where animals are butchered. > abattoir snare n. zanka Anchored cable or wire noose set to catch wild animals such as foxes and rabbits. > wire noose
to snare v. ujeti v zanko To trap with or as if with a snare.
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snood n. bradelj A fleshy wrinkled fold of skin that hangs down over a turkey's beak.
sow stall n. kotitveni boks, prasilišče > gestation crate to spay v. (o samici) sterilizirati To remove surgically the ovaries of a female animal. > to sterilize speciesism n. specizem, speciesizem A belief of humans that all other species of animals are inferior and may therefore be used for human benefit without regard to the suffering inflicted. speciesist n. specist, speciesist A person supporting the view of speciesism. spent adj. izčrpan, izmučen Depleted of energy, force, or strength; exhausted. See also > downer spur n. ostroga A spine-like process on the leg of some birds. stall n. boks A compartment for one domestic animal in a barn or shed. starvation n. stradanje The condition of being starved, i.e. deprived of food for a long time. steer n. junec A young ox or bull, especially one castrated before sexual maturity and raised for beef. stereotypic behaviour n. stereotipno vedenje Repetitive behaviours commonly seen in captive animals and likely induced by stress and lack of appropriate stimuli (overgrooming among primates, pacing among tigers, and the swaying of elephants). to sterilize v. sterilizirati > to spay
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to strangle v. zadaviti To kill by squeezing the throat so as to choke or suffocate. stray adj. potepuški A domestic animal that has wandered away from its place of keeping and is lost. to stun v. omamiti To render senseless, by or as if by a blow. to suffocate v. zadušiti To kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen and therefore preventing respiration. surplus adj. preštevilen Being more than or in excess of what is needed or required. sustainable adj. sonaraven, trajnosten Capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment. tabling n. promocija The action of setting up an information table filled with brochures, fact sheets, or any type of free literature available for the general public to review and take home. tail docking n. kupiranje repa The act of clipping a dog's tail very short. tannery n. strojarna A place or building where skins and hides are tanned, i.e. converted into leather. target animal n. ciljna žival An animal that is captured or killed on purpose. teeth cutting n. rezanje zob To cut or remove teeth or part of them so that the animals cannot mutilate each other or self-mutilate. thumping n. topotanje A behavioural problem of enclosed animals, consisting of beating or pounding their hoofs on the floor or walls of their enclosure. tofu n. tofu Unfermented soya-bean curd, a food with a soft cheese-like consistency made from soya-bean milk. to trample v. poteptati To beat down with the feet so as to crush, bruise, or destroy.
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trash kill n. kolateralni ulov Animals captured and killed by hunters or fishermen accidentally and therefore considered worthless to them. See also > non-target species travelling zoo n. potujoči živalski vrt A collection of wild and/or domestic animals travelling around and stopping for exhibitions of the animals. unaltered adj. nekastriran Opposite of > altered underling n. podrejenec One of lesser rank than another; a subordinate. undernourished adj. podhranjen Not getting adequate food to sustain proper health and growth. utilitarianism n. utilitarizem The belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utility. to vaccinate v. cepiti To treat an animal with a vaccine to protect them against a disease. veg*n or veg*an n. skupen izraz za katerikoli tip
vegana ali vegetarijanca An inclusive term referring to the categories of all types of vegetarians and vegans together. vegan n. vegan/-nka A person who refrains from using any animal product whatever for food, clothing, or any other purpose. veganarchism n. veganarhizem Political philosophy and combined praxis of veganism and anarchism, designed to be a means for social revolution. This encompasses viewing the state as unnecessary and harmful to animals, both human and nonhuman, whilst practicing a vegan lifestyle. veganism n. veganstvo A philosophy and lifestyle that prescribes refraining from using any animal product whatever for food, clothing, or any other purpose. vegetarian n. vegetarijanec/-nka One who practices vegetarianism. vegetarianism n. vegetarijanstvo The practice of subsisting on a diet composed primarily or wholly of vegetables, grains, fruits, nuts, and seeds, with or without eggs and dairy products.
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veggie n. vegetarijanec/-nka Colloquial version of > vegetarian vet n. veterinar, živinozdravnik > veterinarian
veterinarian n. veterinar/-rka,
živinozdravnik/-ica One who practices veterinary medicine. > vet veterinary care n. veterinarska oskrba Attentive assistance or treatment of animals by veterinarians. veterinary medicine n. veterina The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic animals. vivisection n. vivisekcija The act or practice of cutting into or otherwise injuring living animals, especially for the purpose of scientific research. vivisector n. vivisektor One who performs experiments on live animals. welfare n. dobrobit Health, happiness, good living conditions, and well-being in general. welfarism n. načela dobrobiti The movement to reduce or abolish animal suffering, but not use and exploitation. Welfarists are thus concerned with how humans treat animals. See also > abolition whaling n. kitolov The work or industry of hunting and processing whales for food, oil, etc. wire crate n. žičnata kletka A fairly large container made of wire, used for packing, storing, or transporting.
wire noose n. žičnata zanka > snare
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wooden crate n. lesena kletka, lesen zaboj A fairly large container made of wooden slats, used for packing, storing, or transporting.
wool n. volna The dense, soft, often curly hair forming the coat of sheep and certain other mammals, such as the goat and alpaca, consisting of cylindrical fibers of keratin covered by minute overlapping scales and much valued as a textile fabric. to worm v. razglistiti To cure of intestinal worms. yearling n. enoletna žival An animal that is one year old or has not completed its second year. zoo n. živalski vrt A park or an institution in which living animals are kept and usually exhibited to the public. zoochosis n. zoohoza The condition in animals in which they seem to have lost their minds. They rock, sway or pace endlessly, and even mutilate themselves. zoo-goer n. obiskovalec živalskega vrta A person who visits a zoo. zoonosis n. zoonoza Any infection or disease that is transmitted to man from lower vertebrates.
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4. Slovene-English Word List
aktivist/-ka animal activist, animal advocate akvarij aquarium arena za petelinje boje cockpit astrahan astrakhan, broadtail, karakul balaklava balaclava baterijska kletka battery cage bazen za skubljenje/odstranitev dlak dehairing tank, scalding tank bazen z živalmi, ki se jih obiskovalci lahko dotaknejo
petting pool
bikoborba bullfight bikoborska arena bullring bočni pas (rodeo) bucking strap, flank strap boj med psom in divjo svinjo hog-dog rodeo boks stall boks za osemenjevanje rape rack borec/-ka za pravice živali animal activist, animal advocate božati to pet bradelj snood brezdomen homeless brojler broiler chicken cepiti to vaccinate cev za pitanje gosi in rac neck pole ciljna žival target animal cirkus circus čistokrven purebred črni faks black fax čuteč sentient čutenje sentience debikirati to debeak dejavnost, ki izkorišča živali animal-using industry deljenje letakov leafleting demonstracija demonstration dirkalni konj/pes racing horse/dog dirke s sanmi s pasjo vprego dogsled racing divjad game divji lovec/-vka poacher dobrobit (živali) animal welfare določiti spol to sex Draizov test Draize test drobilec, drobilnik macerator ekološko sabotiranje monkeywrenching ekstrapolacija med vrstami interspecies extrapolation električna ovratnica shock collar, electric collar električna palica cattle prod, electric prod enakost sameness enkrat ostrižena enoletna ovca shearling enoletna žival yearling
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etični vegetarijanec ethical vegetarian evtanazirati to euthanise, to euthanize farma za vzrejo živali za krzno fur farm fleksitarijanec flexitarian fototoksičnost phototoxicity fruktarijanec fruitarian gnoj manure gojeni piščanec za prehrano broiler govedoreja beef farming greben (petelin) comb hala za rejo kokoši nesnic laying warehouse hakapik hakapik hišni ljubljenček companion animal, pet humana znanost non-animal science humano zavajanje hogwashing industrijska kmetija factory farm infestacija rane z jajčeci muh, ličinkami flystrike inkrementalizem incrementalism intenzivna masovna psarna puppy mill izčrpan spent izčrpana žival downer izčrpanost exhaustion izkoriščati to exploit izkrvaviti to bleed izmučen spent izmučenost exhaustion iznakaziti to mutilate izpuščanje ujetih rib nazaj v vodo catch-and-release fishing jamarjenje den hunting, denning jata pod javno reševanje open rescue junec steer karnizem carnism kastracija castration kastriran altered, castrated, neutered kastrirati to castrate, to neuter kašmir cashmere kavelj (za slone) ankus, elephant goad kemična opeklina ammonia burn kitolov whaling klavnica abattoir, slaughterhouse kokoš nesnica laying hen kolateralni ulov trash kill komodificirati to commodify komodifikacija commodification konjska vprega horse-drawn carriage kopenska žival land animal košer kosher kotitveni boks gestation crate, sow stall
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kožuh fur, pelt kožuhar furbearer krivolov poaching krivolovec/-vka poacher krzno fur kulinarično srečanje potluck kupiranje repa tail docking kupiranje uhljev ear clipping, ear cropping kupirati rep to dock lakto-ovo-vegetarijanec lacto-ovo-vegetarian laktovegetarijanec lacto-vegetarian lesena kletka wooden crate lesen zaboj wooden crate leviti se to moult, US molt ljubkovati to pet lov hunting lov v oborah canned hunting makrobiotičen macrobiotic makrobiotika macrobiotics masovna reja mass breeding mastitis mastitis maternalna deprivacija maternal deprivation menjati dlako/perje to moult, US molt mesna industrija meat industry mit o humanosti humane myth mlečna živinoreja dairy farming mlekarica dairy cow, milker, milking cow molznica dairy cow, milker, milking cow moralni imperativ moral imperative morska hrana seafood mulesing mulesing nabosti to gore načela dobrobiti welfarism najmanjša, najslabotnejša žival v leglu runt napihnjenost bloat neciljna žival non-target animal nečloveška žival non-human animal nekastriran unaltered nenehno gibanje pacing neokarnizem neocarnism neposredna akcija direct action nesodelovanje non-cooperation neudeležba non-participation obiskovalec živalskega vrta zoo-goer oblačilna industrija clothing industry obnorelost zaradi zaprtja v kletko cage madness obrejiti to impregnate, to inseminate odbrati to cull odprava abolition
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odreti to skin odstraniti bradelj to desnood odstraniti drobovje to gut odstraniti kremplje to declaw odstraniti rogove to dehorn odstreliti to cull ograjen proctor crate omamiti to stun oploditi to impregnate, to inseminate oskubiti perje to defeather ostriči to shear ostroga spur otroški živalski vrt petting zoo ovčje krzno fleece ovovegetarijanec ovo-vegetarian ovratnica z bodicami pinch collar, prong collar ozebline frostbite ožigosan branded ožigosati to brand parkljasta žival hoofed animal pasja hišica kennel pasji boj dog fight perutnina poultry perzijsko krzno astrakhan, broadtail, karakul pesjak kennel petelin rooster petelinji boj cockfight pirogeničnost pyrogenicity pištola za omamljanje s penetrirnim klinom
captive bolt gun
pitališče feedlot pitanec broiler chicken pitati to fatten pitati na silo to force-feed plinska celica gas chamber pobesneti to run amok/amuck poblagoviti to commodify poblagovljenje commodification podhranjen undernourished podivjan feral podivjati to run amok/amuck podkapa balaclava podrejenec underling pohabiti to cripple, to maim pokriti tovorni vagon boxcar polvegetarijanec semi-vegetarian popariti to scald poškodba zaradi izpostavljenosti exposure injury poteptati to trample
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potepuški stray potolči s palico to club potujoči živalski vrt travelling zoo pozibavanje z glavo head bobbing poziv k ukrepanju action alert prasilišče gestation crate, sow stall pravice živali animal rights prekupčevalec z živalmi animal trafficker prerez glasilk bark softening, debarking,
devocalization presnojedstvo raw foodism presno veganstvo raw veganism prestopanje pacing preštevilen surplus prikleniti to chain prisilna menjava perja forced moulting, induced moulting promocija tabling prosta reja free-range breeding protest demonstration protest na domu home demo psarna kennel puh down puliti perje to pluck puljenje perja feather-pecking rastlinska prehrana plant-based diet razglistiti to worm razkosati to dismember raztelešenje dissection razvit in izdelan brez mučenja živali cruelty-free rediti to fatten regulatorno testiranje regulatory testing rejec/-jka breeder rezanje zob teeth cutting ribiška ladja za predelavo rib factory trawler ribogojnica hatchery ribolov fishing ribovegetarijanec pescetarian, pesco-vegetarian ročno hraniti to handfeed roža (petelin) comb runo fleece sabotaža lova hunt sab, hunt sabotage saboter lova hunt sab, hunt saboteur sadni vegetarijanec fruitarian samopohabiti se to self-mutilate sejtan seitan skopec conibear trap skopitev castration skopiti to castrate, to neuter skrbnik/-ica caretaker
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skrbnik/-ica živali animal guardian skubiti to pluck sočutje empathy sonaraven sustainable speciesist speciesist speciesizem speciesism specist speciesist specizem speciesism srečno meso happy meat stereotipno vedenje stereotypic behaviour sterilizirati (samico) to neuter, to spay, to sterilize stopalka foothold trap stradanje starvation strojena koža enoletne ovce shearling strojarna tannery svila silk štrcelj dock talna reja cage-free breeding tekoči trak assembly line telesna integriteta physical integrity temeljne pravice basic rights tepsti s palico to bludgeon tesnobna psihoza anxiety-induced psychosis testiranje in vitro in vitro testing testiranje na živalih animal testing testiran na živalih animal-tested timpanija bloat tofu tofu topotanje thumping trajnosten sustainable trgovina za male živali pet shop, pet store ubiti to cull ubiti z električnim tokom to electrocute ugovor vesti conscientious objection ujet captive ujeti v zanko to snare ujetništvo captivity ukinitev abolition uloviti z lasom to rope umetna oploditev artificial insemination umetno krzno fake fur, faux fur, fun fur ujetništvo confinement usnje leather uspavati to euthanise, to euthanize , to put
down, to put to sleep utilitarizem utilitarianism valilnica hatchery veganarhizem veganarchism vegan/-nka vegan
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veganstvo veganism vegetarijanec/-nka vegetarian, veggie vegetarijanec, ki izmed živalskih produktov uživa le med
beegan
vegetarijanstvo vegetarianism vest conscience veterina veterinary medicine veterinar/-ka vet, veterinarian veterinarska oskrba veterinary care vivisekcija vivisection vivisektor vivisector vnetje vimena mastitis vodni park marine park volna wool voznik/-ica pasje vprege musher vročinska kap heatstroke vzgajati to foster vzreditelj/-jica breeder zaboj crate zadaviti to strangle zadušiti to suffocate zagovornik/-ica pravic živali animal advocate, animalist, animal
rightist zagovorništvo pravic živali animal advocacy zaklati to slaughter zanka snare zapreti to enclose, to pen zaseg živali iz zavetišča pound seizure zaščita živali animal protection zatezna ovratnica choke collar zatezna veriga choke chain zatočišče za živali animal sanctuary, sanctuary zavetišče za živali animal shelter, pound, shelter zavreči to dump zbiratelj/-jica živali hoarder zeleno zavajanje greenwashing zemljan/-nka earthling zoohoza zoochosis zoonoza zoonosis žičnata kletka wire crate žičnata zanka wire noose žival, ki sobiva v kletki cagemate živalski spremljevalec companion animal živalski vrt zoo žival za prehrano food animal živinoreja animal husbandry živinozdravnik/-ica vet, veterinarian živinoznanost animal science živinska ograda feedlot
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živolovka cage trap, live trap
5. Analysis
The English-Slovene glossary Animal Welfare and Protection has 333 entries in
total.
At the beginning of the analysis I cannot avoid stating the obvious: I have not
been able to find all the Slovene equivalents like I intended, for various reasons.
There are English words like veg*n, which cannot function with the Slovene
expressions, or beegan, which is based on a word play in English but again
cannot be transferred as such to Slovene. In these cases I have provided
descriptive definitions and I have put them in italics.
There are other examples of English terms that I have translated descriptively,
and these are those referring to practices or sports that have no or little tradition
in Slovenia, such as rodeo, hog-dog rodeo, dogsled racing, etc. Although it
might seem redundant that I have included these and some other terms related
to the topics untypical of Slovenia, I have decided to do so because the
glossary's function is to provide help in decoding of English texts and an
interested layperson can easily come across a text dealing with these very
practices and they might need explanations of these terms, probably even more
than an explanation of some term that is more present in our sociocultural
context.
All the Slovene equivalents for which I have finally settled have been revised
and approved by the members of Veganska iniciativa. Where we were
considering different solutions, we agreed on one together. They have also
proposed some additional entry words that they believed were important in the
context of my glossary.
I would also like to point out the inquiry that the members of Veganska iniciativa
made at SAZU (SASA - Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts) about the
term speciesism. The question was whether to translate it into Slovene as
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speciesizem or specizem. Prof. dr. Marko Snoj explained that on one hand the
English term could simply be transferred to Slovene as speciesizem, because it
has a logical background in the word species, which in Slovene designates an
animal or plant category. On the other hand, there is an inflected form of the
Latin word that is specie, so we could take the Latin root form of the word
speci-, to which then the ending –izem is added, thus forming another Slovene
term specizem. In this second way the Italian (specismo) and French
(antispécisme) terms are formed, whereas the German language
(Speziesismus) and the Czech language (speciesismus) have followed the
English pattern. Prof. Snoj concludes that taking into account all these
arguments for the time being and till the Acadamey selects one of the options,
in Slovene it is possible to use both.
It is difficult to keep a dictionary or a glossary up-to-date, especially one in a
printed form, but I have tried to include also more recent words that I
encountered during my search for lemmata. One of these is the expression
locavorism, related to the word locavore, which was chosen as the Oxford Word
of the Year in 2007. I am aware that this is just one among many, but at least it
is an attempt of presenting the topic as thoroughly as possible, in spite of facing
the limitations, such as the lack of experience and proper lexicographical tools.
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Conclusions
The first and undeniable conclusion that I have drawn while making the glossary
has been that the job of compiling a glossary is anything but simple, regardless
of how scientific the glossary is. Getting this project done has not been an act, it
has been a process. Apart from learning the basics of lexicography, because I
had no prior knowledge of theoretical lexicography, the process included an
extensive research to acquire lemmata in the first place and then many more
hours of research to find adequate Slovene equivalents in the second place.
It would have also been virtually impossible to finish such a project by myself,
because an extensive field like the topic of this glossary cannot be covered in
detail by one person only. I am aware of the fact that in some instances my
lexicographical methods were barely scientific, usually due to a lack of reliable
animal protection-related texts in Slovene, which can be attributed to the current
stage of development of animal rightist movement in Slovenia in comparison
with other countries, especially with the United States. Since I am an
inexperienced lexicographer, the lemma selection has been an arduous job for
me as well. In spite of all the obstacles that I have encountered while working
on my glossary I believe I have made a step forward in the direction of
improving the lexical accuracy of the future animal protection articles, leaflets or
any other texts in Slovene.
For as humble as this contribution may seem, I hope that my work and effort
have not been in vain and that the glossary will at least be a reminder that also
when it comes to social activism the language in which the ideas are expressed
must be correct, accurate and comprehensible. Correct translations or original
texts play an important, if not the most important role in the mission of
spreading the animal rights movement ideas. There is, of course, a lot of space
for improvement and expansion of my work, but it is a humble beginning that
could serve to other researchers as at least a source of inspiration and a basis