Do Now4/29/15 Get out your Vietnam Station Notes that you took Thursday and Friday of last week. Also – get your timeline from the front of the room.

Do Now4/29/15Get out your Vietnam Station Notes that you took Thursday and Friday of last week. Also – get your timeline from the front of the room.

EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR

The Cold War and the Eisenhower Administration

•Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)•Richard Nixon (CA senator)was his Vice-President

•Secretary of State John Foster Dulles helped shape Eisenhower’s Cold War policies.

•Changes of leadership in the Soviet Union kept Cold War tensions between the U.S. high.

Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies

New Look Policy: re evaluate US military, US smaller army and navy while building up nuclear weapons and expanding the air force.

• Brinkmanship: the diplomatic art of going to the brink of war without actually getting into war.

• Build more weapons

• massive retaliation: the United States would use overwhelming force against the Soviet Union to settle conflicts.

• CIA: Foreign policy also had a secret side—the Central Intelligence Agency

The Soviet UnionChanges in Leadership

• Joseph Stalin died in March 1953.

• Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the new leader -> visits US

• The Soviet Union remained a Communist.

• Soviets made it clear that they were in control of Eastern Europe.

the “Open Skies” Treaty

The Spy Plane Incident - 1960

• Geneva, Switzerland in 1955.

• Eisenhower proposed an “open skies” treaty territory to learn more about its military abilities. Allow each side to fly over the other’s areas.

• The Soviets rejected the proposal.

• Eisenhower wanted to gain information about the Soviet military.

• In 1960 the Soviets shot down an American U-2 spy plane sent into the Soviet Union to inspect their military facilities.

• This incident greatly damaged U.S.–Soviet relations.

U.S.-Soviet Relations

Trouble in the Middle East

Israel - 1948

• In 1948 Israel declared its independence.

• A UN resolution had divided Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state.

• Arab Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq attacked Israel.

• Israel wins, Palestine came under the control of Israel, Jordan, and Egypt.

Egypt - 1956

• Gamal Abdel Nasser wanted to unite the Arab nations and sought the support of the Soviet Union.

• U.S. leaders did not like this and took away their support for the Aswan High Dam.

• In retaliation, Nasser seized the Suez canal and almost started a war.

• The Eisenhower Doctrine said the U.S. would aid any Nation in the Middle East trying to resist communism.

Middle East & Latin America•1953 - Pro-Communist leader in Iran so U.S. overthrew him and restored the power of the pro-American Shah of Iran

•1954 U.S. overthrows the government of Guatemala

•1958 - Eisenhower uses Eisenhower doctrine to put down revolt in Lebanon

•1959 - U.S. supports Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Bastista

•Cut our support when learn his group is infiltrated with communists.

•Approves training of Cuban Nationals called La Brigada to start an uprising