Do Now Why is it written in the law that it is illegal to kill someone?* *your answer should be 2-3 complete sentences Why is it written in the law.

Do Now Why is it written in the law that it is illegal to kill someone?* *your answer should be 2-3 complete sentences Why is it written in the law that it is illegal to kill someone?* *your answer should be 2-3 complete sentences 5 minutes

ACT Prep: Buddy Take 5 minutes to read the story about Buddy and answer questions 10 and 11 5 minutes End

Question 10 The passage as a whole suggests about Buddys cousin that she is: F. a better person than Buddys other relatives. G. a burden to her family. H. easily taken advantage of. J. a poor role model for Buddy. The passage as a whole suggests about Buddys cousin that she is: F. a better person than Buddys other relatives. G. a burden to her family. H. easily taken advantage of. J. a poor role model for Buddy.

Question 11 On the basis of the information contained in the passage, Buddy would most likely describe the other relatives who live in the house as: A. responsible. B. stingy. C. youthful. D. religious. On the basis of the information contained in the passage, Buddy would most likely describe the other relatives who live in the house as: A. responsible. B. stingy. C. youthful. D. religious.

Notes State of Nature:

Notes State of Nature: a concept that describes the condition of man and what lives would be like before societies existed, or what lives would be like if there was no government.

Notes Social Contract:

Notes Social Contract: A theory that addresses the origin of government and society and the legitimacy of the government. The social contract argues that individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms to submit to the authority of a government in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) English Philosopher Leviathan, 1651 English Philosopher Leviathan, 1651

John Locke (1632-1704) British Enlightenment Philosopher The Second Treatise of Government, 1689 Government Legitimacy British Enlightenment Philosopher The Second Treatise of Government, 1689 Government Legitimacy

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Genevan Philosopher Du Contrat Sociale, 1762 In response and as a revisit to both Locke and Hobbes Genevan Philosopher Du Contrat Sociale, 1762 In response and as a revisit to both Locke and Hobbes

Rousseaus State of Nature The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people nave enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody. ~Rousseau Discourse on the Origin of Inequality The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people nave enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody. ~Rousseau Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

What it means Rousseau is pointing out that in the State of Nature, man was not at war, but only cared about primal needs (i.e. food, shelter, water, etc). Really only self-focused. For Rousseau, civil society as we know it only accompanies the advent of property and restriction. Because of the limitations placed on property, mans peaceful nature was corrupted by society.

Rousseaus Social Contract In fact, each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or dissimilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution, the loss of which will do less harm to others than the payment of it is burdensome to himself; and, regarding the moral person which constitutes the State as a persona ficta, because not a man, he may wish to enjoy the rights of citizenship without being ready to fulfil the duties of a subject. The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic.

In order then that the social compact may not be an empty formula, it tacitly includes the undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free; for this is the condition which, by giving each citizen to his country, secures him against all personal dependence. In this lies the key to the working of the political machine; this alone legitimises civil undertakings, which, without it, would be absurd, tyrannical, and liable to the most frightful abuses. ~Rousseau Du Contrat Sociale

Rousseaus Social Contract In fact, each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or dissimilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution, the loss of which will do less harm to others than the payment of it is burdensome to himself; and, regarding the moral person which constitutes the State as a persona ficta, because not a man, he may wish to enjoy the rights of citizenship without being ready to fulfil the duties of a subject. The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic.

In order then that the social compact may not be an empty formula, it tacitly includes the undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free; for this is the condition which, by giving each citizen to his country, secures him against all personal dependence. In this lies the key to the working of the political machine; this alone legitimises civil undertakings, which, without it, would be absurd, tyrannical, and liable to the most frightful abuses. ~Rousseau Du Contrat Sociale

What it means Rousseaus concept of the Social contract differs from both Hobbes and Locke. He argues that the social contract should be something of a general will. This general will may be contrary to their individual decisions, but ultimately they wish to seek unity and harmony in the world and promote the best for the society. Rousseaus method of social contract is one that preaches a unanimous social contract rather than one only supported by the majority.

Group Activity (20 min) Your group will be assigned a philosopher (either Hobbes or Locke). On a piece of butcher paper, you will summarize the authors view of: The State of Nature The Social Contract The role of government I will choose one group to present their findings to the class Remember to include textual references Your group will be assigned a philosopher (either Hobbes or Locke). On a piece of butcher paper, you will summarize the authors view of: The State of Nature The Social Contract The role of government I will choose one group to present their findings to the class Remember to include textual references 20 minutes

Exit ticket Choose the ONE social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau) that you think best applies to your understanding of the US government. Make sure to cite evidence from the readings, lecture, and personal experience to justify your answer Choose the ONE social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau) that you think best applies to your understanding of the US government. Make sure to cite evidence from the readings, lecture, and personal experience to justify your answer

Do Now Why is it written in the law that it is illegal to kill someone?* *your answer should be 2-3 complete sentences Why is it written in the law.

Documents

hobbes slide

minutes slide

government legitimacy

minutes end slide

buddys cousin

treatise of government

origin of government

poor role model