Population Genetics Do Now: Tongue rolling (T) is dominant to not being able to roll (t). In a group of 20 people, 18 can roll their tongues, and 2 cannot. What % of people have the tongue rolling phenotype? What is the minimum % of all of the alleles in the population that are recessive (t)?
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Do Now: Tongue rolling (T) is dominant to not being able to roll (t). In a group of 20 people, 18 can roll their tongues, and 2 cannot. What % of people.
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Population GeneticsDo Now:
Tongue rolling (T) is dominant to not being able to roll (t).
In a group of 20 people, 18 can roll their tongues, and 2 cannot.
What % of people have the tongue rolling phenotype?
What is the minimum % of all of the alleles in the population that are recessive (t)?
Phenotype frequency is the % of individuals in a population (group of organisms of the same species) that have a certain phenotype.
18/20 = 90%
Phenotype Frequency
A gene pool is the complete set of all alleles found in all individuals in a population
Gene Pool
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oo
Oo
OO
Oo
Gene Pool:6 O4 o
Allele frequency is a measurement of how common an allele is in a population.
P is typically used to represent the frequency of the dominant allele, and Q represents the recessive
PA = f(AA) + ½ f(Aa) Qa = f(aa) + ½ f(Aa)
By definition, P + Q = 1
Allele Frequency
In a population of 100 humans, 90 are homozygous dominant for albinism (non-albino)
8 are heterozygous 2 are homozygous recessive
P = f(AA) + ½ f(Aa) = .90 + ½ (.08) = .94 Q = f(aa) + ½ f(Aa) = .02 + ½ (.08) = .06
Check◦ P + Q = 1… .94 + .06 = 1
Allele Frequency Example
A genome is all of the genetic information of an individual.
A genome includes both genes AND non-gene information (“junk” DNA)
The human genome is 3.2 billion bases long.
ATGCTTATGCTGGCTAGCTGCGCTATCGAT…
Genome
“Everything is everywhere, the environment selects.”
We will be playing a game to simulate the effect of the environment on a population
Genome Wars
Locked in a desperate struggle for survival…
You are a Prokaryote
You will select 4 alleles to make up your genome. Each allele gives you a bonus in a specific environment…
Part 1: Make a genome
What does the gene pool look like?
Part 2: Determine Allele Frequencies
Extinctions, mutations, and environmental change… can your genome make it?