Do Now Q. What is Continental Drift? A. Theory that continents were once attached (as Pangea) and have moved away from each other. (Wegener)

Do Now

Q. What is Continental Drift?

A. Theory that continents were once attached (as Pangea) and have moved away from each other. (Wegener)

Earth

Lithosphere:

•continuous shell of solid rock around Earth

•contains Earth’s solid crust and a flexible part of the mantle

•crust is somewhat cracked

•pushed in different directions by currents in the mantle caused by heat (convection currents).

Continental Drift and Pangea

Continents are not fixed, but drift about the surface of the Earth

About 200-250 mya, all of the Earth’s land masses were locked together in a supercontinent named Pangea, which means “all lands” .

Evidence for Continental Drift

• Shapes match like puzzle pieces

• Mountain ranges line up

Fossil Evidence

• Fossils of same species on many continents that can’t travel far

Climate Evidence

• Tropical plant fossils in Antarctica (polar climate)

• Glacial deposits in tropical areas

• Coal deposits (usually form in swampy, warm areas) in polar climates

Theory of Plate Tectonics• Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into large sections called

tectonic plates that are constantly moving.• Thicker plates form continents; thinner plates are found under

Earth’s Oceans.

The Diversity of Life

Pgs 73-77

Group I- Protection

1. Monarch Butterfly

• Warning Coloration• the colors of the animal make

it easier to see,• advantage to insects who are

unpleasant to eat• birds who happen to eat one

quickly learn to avoid that species in the future

2. Viceroy butterfly

• Mimicry• One organism is

protected from its enemies by its resemblance to another species

• Tend to avoid edible viceroy b/c it looks like the inedible monarch butterfly

3.Porcupine Fish

• Spine covered skin

• Inflate body when threatened

4. Scorpion, Bees, Wasps

• Sting is poisonous

5. Cobra

• Extremely poisonous• Very aggressive

behaviour• Draws itself up and

hisses

6. Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

• Spray fine droplets 15 feet or more that has a penetrating odor, can cause nausea and temporary blindness

7. Octopus• Tentacles – suction cups to hold

onto prey• Sharp beak on mouth for

cracking open shells• Some also inject prey with toxic

substance• Can squeeze into small spots• Shoot out ink and change colors

8.Shark• Has many rows

of replaceable teeth to catch and eat its prey

• Powerful jaws and teeth

• Streamlined shape to reduce drag in water and allow it to move faster

• Fins – allow it to change direction easily

9.Armadillo

• Armor like covering

• Color helps blend into environment

10.Lappet-faced Vulture

• Rasp-like tongue helps pull flesh into the mouth and their long necks allow them to probe into a large carcass

• Lack of feathers on head and neck means they do not have the problem of preening blood-stained feathers

• Huge beak enables them to "gnaw" flesh off large bones even when corpse has dried out

11.Leaf Insect, Stick Insect

• Camouflage – blends in with environment

12.Elephant

• Travel in groups• Tusks are used for

food gathering and carrying, as well as weapons.

13. South American Burrowing Bullfrog

• Tooth-like projections on lower jaw for holding on to struggling prey

• Inflate bodies when disturbed

Group II – Seed Dispersal

14. Grasses/Dandelions• Seeds

dispersed by wind

• Light seeds

15. Partridgeberry/Cantaloupe/Tomato/Apple/Plum

• Seed dispersed by juicy fruit being eaten

• Brightly colored fruits to attract birds

• Fruit taste good

16. Coconut

• Seed dispersed by water

• Tough outer coat, resistant to seawater

• Can float in seawater for months

• Usually found in tropical areas

17. Pea Plants

Explosions• Some plants have pods that

explode when ripe and shoot out the seeds.

• Pea and bean plants keep their seeds in a pod. When the seeds are ripe and the pod has dried, the pod bursts open and the peas and beans are scattered

Group III- Nutrition

18. Plant – Oak Tree

• Autotroph photosynthetic

19. Cyanobacteria

Autotrophs –

photosynthetic

20. Deer

• Heterotroph – herbivore

• Eats any kind of plant or fruit

21.Moose

• Heterotroph - herbivore

• Eats any kind of plant or fruit

22.Wolf

• Heterotroph – carnivore

• Eats any size herbivore except earthworms and bees

23.Falcon

• Heterotroph – Carnivore

• Eats rabbits, chickens, snakes

24. Kinkajou

• Heterotroph – Omnivore

• Small mammal that eats honey and insects

25.Pig

• Heterotroph - Omnivore

26. Indian pipe

• Heterotroph – saprophyte

• Plant lacking chlorophyll, gets nourishment from dead plants

27.Pholioto species - Fungus

• Heterotroph - Saprophyte

Group IV – Locomotion in Mammals

28. Bat• Flying mammal

• found in every part of the world except the polar regions and far out across the ocean.

29. Flying foxes

• Flying Mammals – largest type of bats• Rainforest

30. Rabbit

• Small Leaping mammal

• Taiga, grasslands, deciduous forest

31.Kangaroo

• Leaping Mammal

• Grassland

32.Giraffe

• Hoofed mammals

• Grasslands

33.Rhinoceroses

• Hoofed mammals

• Grassland

34.Koala

• Tree top mammals

• Savanna

35.Sloth

• Tree top mammals

• Tropical rain forest

36. Walrus

• Fin footed mammals

• tundra

37. Sea lions

• Fin footed mammals

• Live in oceans