Do Now: It is a gray morning in 1430. You are standing on a dock in the European country of Portugal, staring out at the mysterious Atlantic Ocean. You.

Do Now:It is a gray morning in 1430. You are standing on a dock in the European country of Portugal, staring out at the mysterious Atlantic Ocean. You have been asked to go on a voyage of exploration. Yet, like most people at the time, you have no idea what lies beyond the horizon. The maps that have been drawn show some of the dangers you might face. And you’ve heard the terrifying stories of sea monsters and shipwrecks. You also have heard that riches await those who help explore and claim new lands. Now, you must decide whether to go. • What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas

for new lands? • What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into

the unknown?

The Age of Exploration

1400-1800God, Glory & Gold

Turning Points in History- Age of Exploration

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3fYF6YvesA

Motivation for Exploration• Desire for new trade routes– Spices!!!

• Italy and Egypt controlled the trade routes to Asia, charging very high prices for spices. (pepper cost more than gold.)

• Need sea route directly to Asia to avoid Italian prices!

• Spread Christianity– wanted to convert more people to counteract the

spread of Islam in Europe, Africa, and Asia. • “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who

were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”- Bernal Diaz del Castillo

Advances in Technology

• Sailors started using the astrolabe (Muslim invention that let you calculate latitude) and the compass (invented by Chinese) to find routes they could follow to reach faraway places and return safely home.

• More accurate maps allowed sailors to sail from one port to another without having to stay right along the coast.

• Portuguese built ships called caravels (KER-uh-velz). – Caravels used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails,

allowed ships to sail against the wind. – By replacing oars on the ship’s sides with rudders at the back of

the ship, the Portuguese also improved the steering of ships. The new ships helped Portuguese sailors take the lead in exploring.

Port was 1st to explore along Afr & into Indian Ocean

– Prince Henry ‘The Navigator”- 1400s sponsored voyages of discovery to find new land & spread Christianity, founded a navigation school, created massive debt for Port

– Bartolomeu Dias- 1488 1st to round tip of Africa

– Vasco de Gama- 1497 1st to reach India by sea

Spain’s Claims• In 1492 Columbus sailed

the ocean blue…– Italian sea captain

convinced King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his route to Asia.• CC ends up on a small island

in the present-day Bahamas, claimed it for Spain and named San Salvador.– Columbus was a brutal

viceroy and governor of the Caribbean islands on which he did land. He committed atrocities against native peoples on the islands and decimated their populations

COMPETITION!!!• Treaty of Tordesillas– Port believes Columbus reached Asia– Creates rivalry b/t Port & Sp– Pope Alexander VI settles dispute.• Creates imaginary line drawn N -> S through the

Atlantic. • All lands west of Line of Demarcation= Sp• All lands east= Port

• England vs Spain– The Eng queen sent a sailor

Francis Drake to the Americas to steal gold and silver from Sp ships

– Philip II of Sp furious – 1588 Spain sent 130 ships to

attack England. This fleet, called the Spanish Armada, • Eng faster ships and better

guns, defeated the Armada. • Spanish ships were lost at

sea. • < ½ Spanish ships returned • saved England from invasion.• meant Spain no longer ruled

the seas.

• 1600s Eng & Dutch (AKA Netherlands) join in quest• Eng interest in India• Dutch take over Indonesia, Cape of Good Hope

(resupply stop)• 1700s Fr estab in India

North America becomes a battle ground for Dutch, French, Spanish & English colonization.

• Sp & Fr 1st to explore N Amer; inspired Eng. • In 1606, a company of London investors received

from King James a charter to found a colony in North America. – 100+ settlers reached the coast of Virginia.

• claimed the land as theirs • named the settlement Jamestown

• Puritans Create a “New England” – 1620 Pilgrims founded a second Eng colony, Plymouth,

in Massachusetts. – Persecuted for their religious beliefs/ sought religious

freedom. Ten years later, a group known as Puritans also sought religious freedom from England’s Anglican

• Dutch found New Netherland – Following Eng & Fr lead into – In 1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Netherlands, sailed

west. • searching for a northwest sea route to Asia. • explored three waterways that were later named for him—the Hudson River, Hudson Bay,

and Hudson Strait. – The Dutch claimed the region along these waterways.

• Dutch holdings in North America became known as New Netherland. • Eng oust Dutch

– New Netherland separated N & S Eng colonies. – 1664, King Charles II, granted his brother, the Duke of York, permission to drive out

the Dutch. – duke’s fleet arrives & Dutch surrendered without firing a shot. – The Duke of York claimed the colony for England- renamed it New York.

• With the Dutch gone, the English colonized the Atlantic coast of North America.– By 1750, about 1.2 million English settlers lived in 13 colonies from Maine to

Georgia.

• England Battles France • Eng pushed farther west into the continent & collided

with Fr. • French and Indian War- 1754 a dispute over land claims

in the Ohio Valley led to a war between the British and French on the North American continent. – The war became part of a larger conflict known as the Seven

Years’ War. • Brit and Fr, along with their Euro allies, also battled for supremacy in

Europe, the West Indies, and India.

• In North America, the Brit colonists, with the help of the British Army, defeated the Fr in 1763.– Fr surrendered their North American holdings. – As a result of the war, the British seized control of the eastern

half of North America.

Economic Impact• Joint-stock companies like the East India Company established to

oversee trade– Can mint own money, make laws, raise own armies

• Mercantilism- prosperity of a nation dependent on large supply of gold & silver. maintain a favorable balance of trade where exports > imports– Strengthened their nation’s econ by regulating trade with colonies and

conquered areas

• From 1500-1800 Euro involvement in Asia & Africa was mainly based on ports (little internal impact)– Not true in the Americas

Triangular Trade established

Exit Ticket• What were the Euro political, economic &

religious motives behind exploration to Asia, Africa & Americas in the 15th- 18th C?

Political Economic Religious