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Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said this? 2). What is the relationship between this quotation and the Enlightenment? The French Revolution?
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Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Dec 25, 2015

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Page 1: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Do Now: Analyzing a Quote

“I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.”

1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said this?

2). What is the relationship between this quotation and the Enlightenment? The French Revolution?

Page 2: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

CONSOLIDATION OF

LATIN AMERICA

Chapter 25

Page 3: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

From Colonies to Nations Class divisions

-Peninsulares (High political office)-Creoles (Officers in military)-Mestizos-Mulattos-Indians

Resent gov’t -Taxation

Causes:American, French, and Haitian RevolutionsCrisis of rule & legitimacy in Spain

Page 4: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Haitian Revolution Saint Domingue

-1791: Haitian slaves revolt against masters

-Toussaint L’Ouverture emerges as leader

-Former slave that led island to freedom

-1802: French troops arrive-1804: Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared colony independent

Creole elites viewed with horror; slaves saw as symbol of freedom and hope

Page 5: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Spanish American Independence Napoleonic wars trigger revolutions

-Creoles key leaders northern South America

-Simon Bolivar: Led series of wars to free Venezuela and surrounding areas-Gran Colombia (until 1830)

southern South America-Jose de San Martin: Led revolt in Argentina

for autonomy New states emerge

-Independent republics w/ representative governments

Page 6: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Brazilian Independence Achieved freedom differently

-Growing economy strengthens middle-class

-Napoleonic wars→royals fled to Brazil (1807)

-Rule from Rio de Janeiro (Seat of empire) After Napoleon’s defeat royalty leaves; Prince

Dom Pedro remains 1822: Short war for independence → did not

upset existing social order-Remains monarchy

Page 7: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.
Page 8: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

New Nations Confront Problems Political & class conflict undermined egalitarian

ideals-Retain Catholicism vs. religious freedom-Distrust between classes -Slavery abolished except in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil (Economic necessity)-Racial distinctions slow to disappear

Failure to consolidate-Geographic barriers, economic competition, regional & political rivalries, poor infrastructure

Page 9: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Caudillos, Politics, & the Church Caudillos: Independent leaders who

dominate local areas and seize power-Armies loyal to regional

commanders Political tensions

-Federalists/liberals: Decentralized rep, secular gov’t; tax/commercial policies set by regional govt’s-Centralists/conservatives: Centralized rep w/ heavy church influence, individual groups led by urban bourgeoisie

Page 10: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Latin American Economies Monroe Doctrine: Any European attempt to

colonize Americas considered unfriendly act by U.S.

1820-1850-Economically stagnant-Expansion of European economy increases

demand for Latin American products-Coffee, beef, minerals, and guano

-Infrastructure improved-Latin American cities grew-Export economy grew-Increasingly dependent on foreign

investors

Page 11: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Argentina & Brazil Argentina Liberals gain control in 1820s

-Reform education, finance, agriculture, and immigration

-Rosas, a caudillo, seized control-Focus on gauchos & urban poor (Buenos Aires)-Defeated in 1852; liberals return to power

Brazil-Monarchy (Support eventually weakens)-Coffee transforms economy (fazendas-coffee estates); intensifies slavery-Foreign investment and increased immigration (Italy)

Page 12: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Cultural Expression Elite art heavily

influenced by Europe-Triumphs of independence, nationality, and local customs captured in paintings-Popular culture largely unaffected

Page 13: Do Now: Analyzing a Quote “I was born a slave, but nature gave me the soul of a free man.” 1). What does this quotation mean? Who would have likely said.

Old Patterns of Gender & Class Little changed in hierarchical, export-based

society Women subordinate in patriarchal culture

-Actively participated in revolution-Made some gains (education)-Still expected to fulfill traditional roles

Racial divisions strong despite outlawing-Creoles dominated gov’t (merging with

middle-class) Immigration and rapid urbanization