DO IT NOW Pick up a notes packet, reading worksheet and index card. Put your name on the index card On one side of the index card answer: “If you were.

DO IT NOW

• Pick up a notes packet, reading worksheet and index card.• Put your name on the index card• On one side of the index card answer: “If you

were the first president of the United States what would be the first thing you do?”• On the other side list three characteristics you

would want in a new leader. • And three things you know about the first five

presidents

1789-1797

GEORGE WASHINGTON

GEORGE WASHINGTON

• Leader of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War • One of our Founding Fathers • From Virginia---Mount Vernon • President from 1789 to 1797

READING

• Read the section titled “The New Government Takes Shape” and answer the first question

PRECEDENTS

• Precedent:•  something done or said that can be used as an example

or rule to be followed in the future• the usual or traditional way of doing something

• Right hand on Bible• “so help me God”

• Inaugural ball• Cabinet • Two terms• Government from NY to Philly

CABINET

• Cabinet: Is to advise the President on certain issues• Heads of Departments = secretaries• 1st Cabinet • Secretary of State = Thomas Jefferson• Secretary of Treasury = Alexander Hamilton• Secretary of War = Henry Knox

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

• During 1st term = French Revolution• Americans generally supported French Republic• US had alliance w/ France - Britain was seizing

American ships

• Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – Washington states the US will remain neutral with foreign powers (mainly Britain and France). But they will still trade with them.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS CONTINUED

• Jay’s Treaty – • Chief Justice John Jay to GB to discuss impressments • GB would leave posts on western frontier (angered pro-

French Americans but kept neutrality)

• Pinckney's Treaty • Spain feared US/Brit Alliance• Spain opened New Orleans and Mississippi to

US duty free• Florida’s northern border = 31st parallel

JUDICIARY ACT

• Washington establishes the supreme court under the Judicial Branch-1789

READING

• Read the sections titled “Hamilton and Jefferson Debate” and “The First Political Parties and Rebellion” and answer the two reading questions that go along with them.

HAMILTON V JEFFERSON

HAMILTON’S PLAN

• Hamilton had to come up with a way to pay off the Nation’s Debt. (War, supplies, Army)• National Bank – managed debts, national

currency, promoted trade, encouraged investment, stimulated economic growth. • Bonds: to pay off debt• Excise Tax on Whiskey- Sales Tax to make more

money to pay off debt

HAMILTON’S PLAN

• Whiskey Rebellion (1794) – • Western Pennsylvania • Small Frontier Farmers were angry• group of farmers refused to pay excise tax and attacked

tax collectors• Washington federalized 15,000 troops under Hamilton

(Jefferson criticized) >> rebellion collapsed w/no bloodshed

LOOSE VS STRICT INTERPRETATION

Strict • What the Constitution

says is what it is• If it doesn’t say you

can do it, then you can’t• No wiggle room• Gives less power to

federal government

Loose• Constitution is more of

a guideline• Can be interpreted• Gives more power to

federal government• Implied powers

Unwritten Constitution: refers to the ideas and processes that are accepted as a needed part of American government, regardless of the fact that they are not actually in the Constitution.

HAMILTON V JEFFERSON

• Political Parties develop• Hamilton = Federalists• Jefferson = Democratic Republicans

Federalists Republicans

Washington, Hamilton, Adams

Jefferson, Madison

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Jefferson

• “Strict interpretation of the Constitution is the best policy because it allows the states to control all affairs within their boundaries. Let the federal government use its powers to deal with foreign concerns only.”

Hamilton

• “The states need not continue to have any great authority. We can all but abolish them and have one government for all the people of the country.”

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Federalists Republicans

Washington, Hamilton, Adams Jefferson, Madison

Strong Central Government Strong State Government

HAMILTON VS JEFFERESON

Hamilton

• “I dreamed of a bustling nation full of commerce and industry; a nation that would makes its mark on history”

Jefferson

• I dreamed of honest farmers tilling the soil in a country-side where people are happy.”

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Federalists Republicans

Washington, Hamilton, Adams Jefferson, Madison

Strong Central Government Strong State Government

Pro-Business Pro-Farming

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Jefferson

• “All powers not expressly delegates to the federal government are reserved to the states and to the people. For congress or the president to take a single step beyond these limits is for them to grasp unlimited power.”

Hamilton

• “The acts of the US must be supreme and binding on stats as well as individuals…As you can see, he favors a federal government bound hand and foot by his strict interpretation of the Constitution, I urge a loose construction.”

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Federalist Republicans

Washington, Hamilton. Adams Jefferson, Madison

Strong Central Government Strong State Government

Pro-Business Pro-Farming

Loose Interpretation Strict Interpretation

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Jefferson

• “Britain's government… was certainly the most corrupt and unprincipled government on earth.”

Hamilton

• “I believe the British government forms the best model the world ever produced.”

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Federalists Repulicans

Washington, Hamilton, Adams Jefferson, Madison

Strong Central Government Strong State Government

Pro-Business Pro-Farming

Loose Interpretation Strict Interpretation

Pro- British Pro-French

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Hamilton

• I believe in a broad, flexible interpretation of the Constitution.. So when I backed the attempt by Congress to establish a national bank, he opposed it, despite the fact that the bank was needed.”

Jefferson

• And I believe the Constitution must be interpreted strictly. Nowhere does it give Congress the power to establish such a bank.”

HAMILTON VS JEFFERSON

Federalists Republicans

Washington, Hamilton, Adams Jefferson, Madison

Strong Central Government Strong State Government

Pro-Business Pro-Farming

Loose Interpretation Strict Interpretation

Pro-British Pro-French

Favor National Bank Oppose National Bank

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS

• No Entangling Alliances • No Political Parties• Avoid Sectionalism• No European involvement

QUICK WRITE

• Answer these two questions on a sheet of paper• 1. Why would Washington warn against political

parties and entangling alliances? Think about the possible dangers of each.• 2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party

would you be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think about which philosophies you agree with.

When you’re done put the index card and your quick write on the front table.