Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 N THIT B IU KHIN* ) ti thit k : Thit k b ngun chnh luc iu khin cho ti np c quy *) Cc s liu ban u :in p c quy Ud = 24V, dng dung lng c quy 250A/h. in p ngun cp U1= 220v, iuchnh dng in vo cp trong di t 0 n Idmax. n thit b iu khin1Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52LINIUNc ta hin nay ang trn con ng Cng nghip ha - Hin i ha.Bi vy t ng ha ang pht trin mnh trong nhng nm gn y.T ng ho iu khin cc qu trnh sn xut i su vo tng ng ngch, vo trong tt c cc qu trnh to ra sn phm. Ngy nay hu nh tt c cc my mc thit b trong cng nghip cng nh trong isng hng u phi s dng in nng , c th l dng hon tonngun nng lng in nng hoc mt phn nng lng in nng kt hp vi nng lng khc.Trn thc t c nhng lc rt cn nng lng in m takhng th ly nng lng in t li in c. Do ta phi ly cc ngun in dtrnhc quy. Nh vy c th s dng c cc ngun cquy ta phi np in chocquy. Bi b chnh lu np cquy t ng c s dng rng ri trongnhiu trng hp c th l rt quan trng , nu thiu n s khng c ngun in vn hnh , d trcho cc my mc thit b m c thkhng p ng c ch tiu kinh t k thut. n thit b iu khin2Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Mc lcChng I: Gii thiu khi qut v c quyI. Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c quy..5 1. Cu to...5 2. Nguyn l lm vic6II, cquy kim................................................................................................71, Nguyn l lm vic................................................................................72, Qu trnh ha hc trong c quy kim....................................................8III, Cc thng s c bn ca c quy................................................................91, Dung lng............................................................................................92, in p..................................................................................................93, in tr trong........................................................................................9IV, c tnh phng ca cquy........................................................................10V, Cc phng php np cquy t ng.......................................................111. Phng php np cquy vi dng in khng i...............................112. Phng php np vi in p khng i..............................................123. Phng php np dng p....................................................................12Chng II : Chn s mch chnh lu .13I . i vi chnh lu 3 pha 13 n thit b iu khin3Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K521. Chnh lu cu 3 pha ..13 2.Chnh lu tia 3 pha..15II. i vi chnh lu 1 pha.16 1, Chnh lu mt na chu k ..162. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh..16 3 . Chnh lu cu mt pha ..18III . Chn s chnh lu .19Chng3 : Thuyt minh hot ng cu s ng lc , v cc ng cong dngin v in p ca ti v cc van dn ( Ud, Id,Uv ,Iv ) .19I . Tnh ton v chn van ng lc .. 20II./Tnh ton my bin p ...22 1. in p chnh lu khng ti.. 22 2. Cng sut ti a ca ti.....233. Cng sut ngun cp..... 234, Tnh ton s b mch t .235, Tnh ton dy qun bin p .236. Tnhkch thc mch t257 . kt cu dy qun .268 )Tnh khi lng st ...299 ) Khi lng ng...2910 ) St p trn MBA ..3011 ) in tr ngn mch MBA .3112 ) Tng tr ngn mch ca MBA .3113 ) in p ngn mch MBA .3114 ) in p ngn mch phn trm ca MBA .31Chng 4 : Tnh chn cc thit b bo v...32I )Bo v qu dng in...32 II ) bo v qu in p cho thit b bn dn ..34Chng 5 : Tnh ton cun khng lc dng in...35I ) Tnh ton cc cun khng lc - CKL dng in p mch...351 ) in p ri trn cun khng .362) tnh cng sut trn cun khng lc ...363 ) tnh ton li thp cun khng lc .364 )tnh ton dy qun cun khng ...36Chng VI : Tnh ton v thit k mch iu khin 39 n thit b iu khin4Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52A . Cc bc thit .391 / tm hiu v mch iu khin< nguyn tc iu khin >. 392 / s khi mch iu khin ..39B ) tnh ton cc thng s ca mch iu khin 41I/Tnh ton my bin p xung 41II / Tnh ton cc khu 431 ) khu ng pha ..432 ) khu to in p rng ca .443 ) khu so snh . 464 ) khu khch a xung cui cng475 ) to ngun nui .48*/ Tnh ton my bin p ngun nui v ng pha..49Chng I:Gii thiu khi qut v cquy Hin nay chng ta c nhiu loi c quy, trong hai loi c bn l c quy axit v c quy kim. Chng ta xt tng loi sau: I, Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c quy axit:1. Cu to :- Bnh c quy c chia thnh nhiu ngn, thong thng l 6 ngn. Mingn c quy n cho in p u ra l 2V. Nh vy, nu em u ni tip c 6 ngn vi nhau ta s c b ngun c quy l 12V. - V bnh c quy c ch to bng vt liu cng c tnh chu axit, chunhit, do m ngi ta c bng nha cng hoc ebonite. Pha trong v bnh c cc vch ngn to thnh cc ngn ring bit, mi ngn ring bit gi l mt c quy n. Di y bnh ta lm hai yn gi l yn bn cc. Mc ch l cc bn cc t ln , trnh b ngn mch khi trong y bnh c lng ng cc cn bn. - Bn cc c lm t hp kim ch v antimon, trn mt bn cc c gn cc xng dc v xng ngang tng cng vng v to ra cc cho cht hot tnh bm n thit b iu khin5Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52trn bn cc. Nu bn cc dng th cht hot tnh ph vo khung trn bn cc l dioxit ch. Nu bn cc dung lm bn cc m th cht hot tnh c sdng l ch xp. Khi c quy hot ng cht hot tnh tham gia ng thi vo cc phn ng ho hc cng nhiu cng tt, do tng b mt tip xc ca cc cht hot tnh vi dung dch in phn, ngi ta ch to cht hot tnh c xp, ng thi em ghp nhng tm cc cng tn song song vi nhau thnh mt chum cc trong mi ngn ca c quy n. Chmbnccdngvchumbnccmclngxenknhaunhnggiahai bncckhctnli ct themmt tmcch, tmcchclm t cht cchin cchin giahai bnccnhnhaxp, thutinhhay g. -Phnnpcacquycheknnhngbphnbntrongbnh, ngnngabi vccvt khctbnngoi ri vobntrongbnh, ngthi gichodung dch in phn khng b trn ra ngoi. Trn np bnh c cc l vkimtradungdchin phn, cclnycntknbngccntclthonghi nh. mt sloi cquylthonghi cthcchtoringbit. mbovkncabnhc quy,xungquanhmpcanpc quyvxung quanh cc l cc u ra, ngi ta thng trt nha chuyn dng. Dung dch in phn dung trong c quy thng l hn hp axit sunfuric H2SO4c pha ch theo t l nht nh vi nc ct. 2. Nguyn l lm vic :a, Qu trnh np: Khi c quy c lp rp xong, ta dung dch axit sunfuric vo cc ngn bnh th trn cc bn cc s sinh ra lp mng ch sunfat (PbSO4). V ch tc dng vi axit theo phn ng: PbO + H2SO4 =PbSO4 + H2O em ni ngun in mt chiu vo hai u cc ca c quy th dng in mt chiu c khp kn qua mch cquy v dng in i theo chiu: Cc dng ca ngun mt chiu Dung dch in phn u cc 2 ca cquy Cc m ca ngun mt chiu. Dng in mt chiu s lm cho dung dch in phn phn ly: n thit b iu khin6Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-Cation H+ theo dng in i v pha bn cc ni vi m ngun in v to thnh phn ng ti :
2H+ + PbSO4 H2SO4 + PbCc anion SO42- chy v pha chm bn cc ni vi dng ngun in vcng to thnh phn ng ti : PbSO4 + H2O + SO42- PbO2 + 2H2SO4 Kt qu l bn cc ni vi dng ngun in c PbO2 (ch dioxit) v chm bn cc kia c ch Pb, nh vy hai chm bn cc c s khc nhau v cc tnh. Tccphnng ha hctrnta thyqutrnhnpin toralng axitsunfuricbsungvodungdchinphn, ngthitrongqutrnhnpin dng in cn phn tch ra trong dung dch in phn kh hydro (H2) v oxy (O2), lng kh ny si ln nh bt nc v bay i, do nng ca dung dch in phn trong qu trnh np in c tng ln. c quy c coi l np y khi quan st thy dung dch si bt u (gi l hin tng si). Lc ta c th ngt ngun np v xem nh qu trnh np in cho c quy hon thnh. b, Qu trnh phng in ca c quy: Ni hai bn cc ca c quy c np in vi mt ph ti, v d nh mt bong n th nng lng tch tr trong c quy s phng qua ti, lm chobng n sng. Dng in ca cquy s i theo chiu: Cc dng ca cquy (u cc ni vi cc dng ngun np) Ti (bng n) Cc m ca cquy Dung dch in phn Cc dng ca cquy. Qutrnhphngincacquy, phnnghohcxyratrongcquynhsau: Ti cc dng: PbO2 + 2H+ + H2SO4 +2e PbSO4 + 2H2OTi cc m : Pb + SO42- PbSO4 + 2eNh vy khi cquy phng in, ch sunfat li c hnh thnh hai bn cc, lm cho cc bn cc dn tr li ging nhau, cn dung dch axit b phn thnh cation 2H+ v anion SO42- ng thi qu trnh cng to ra nc trong dungdch, do n thit b iu khin7Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52nng ca dung dch gim dn v sc in ng ca cquy cng gim dn .II, cquy kim: 1. Nguyn l lm vic: cquy kim l loi cquy m dung dch in phn c dng trong cquy l dung dch kim KOH v NaOH. Tu thuc vo cu to ca bn cc, cquy kim c chia thnh 3 loi: -Loi cquyst -niken, lloi cquycbnccchtobngst (Fe)v niken (Ni). -Loi cquy cadimi - niken, l loi cquy c bn cc ch to bng cadimi (Cd) v niken (Ni).-Loi cquybc-km, lloi cquycbnccchtobngbc(Ag)v km (Zn). Trong ba loi trn th loi th ba c h s hiu dng trn mt n v trng lng v mt n v th tch l ln hn, nhng gi thnh ca n li cao hn v phi s dng khi lng bc ti 30% khi lng ca cht tc dng, do loi ny t dng. So vi c quy axit, c quy kim c nhc im l gi thnh cao hn, in tr trong ln hn, nhng n li c cc u im sau: -C bn ln v thi gian s dng di -Trongiukinmykhi ng, lmvicnngnhoccncyucuv tin cy cao th n c tnh u vit hn hn c quy axit. -Qu trnh np in cho c quy kim khng i hi nghim ngt v dng in np. Tr s dng in ny c th ln gp 3 ln dng nh mc cng cha lm hng c c quy. c quy kim c cu to tng t nh c quy axit, tc l n cng gm dung dch in phn, v bnh c quy, cc bn cc,... Bn cc ca c quy kim c ch to thnh dng thi hoc khng thi.Gia cc bn cc c ngn cch bi cc tm ebonit. Chm bn cc dng v chm bn cc m c hn ni nh chm bn cc ca c quy axit a ra cc vu cc cho c quy. Cc chm bn cc c t trong bnh in phn v c ngn cch vi v bnh bng lp nha vinhiplat.Loicquydngbnccdngthithmithilmt hplmbngthpltrnbmt ckhoannhiul:=0,2-0,3mmchodungdchthmqua.Nulcquykimst -nikenth tronghpbnccmchast cbitthunkhit, cntrongbnccdnglhnhp75%NiO.OHv25%btthan hot tnh. n thit b iu khin8Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Loi c quy kim dng bn cc khng phn thi, th bn cc c ch to theo kiu khung xng, ri em cc cht tc dng c cu trc xp mn p vo cc l nh trn bn cc. 2. Qu trnh ha hc trong c quy kim:Ging nh trong c quy axit, qu trnh ho hc trong cquy kim cng lqu trnh thun nghch Nu bn cc ca c quy kim l st-niken th phn ng ho hc xy ra trong cquy nh sau: Trn bn cc dng: Ni(OH)2+ KOH + OH- Ni(OH)3+ KOH Trn bn cc m: Fe(OH)2 + KOH Fe + KOH + 2OH-Nhvyqutrnhnpin, st hidroxit trnbnccmb phntchthnhst nguyntvanionOH-. Cnbnccdng, Ni(OH)2cchuynhothnhNi(OH)3. Cht inphnKOHcthxemnhnkhngthamgiavophnnghohcmch ngvai trcht dnin, doscinngcacquyhunhkhngphthucvonngcht inphn. Scinngcacquych ocxcnhdatrntrngthi cacccht tcdng cc tm cc. Thng thng c quy kim c np in hon ton sc in ng s tc khong 1,7 n 1,85V. Khi c quy phng in hon ton, sc in ng ca cquy l 1,2 n 1,4V. Nhvyinthphngincacquykimthphncquyaxit. Nucquyaxit inth phng inbnh qunl 2V th cquy kim ch l1,2V. Hin nay cc nh thit k, ch to c quy cha dng li nhng kt qu t c, ngi ta ch to c nhng c quy kim mi kh nh v nh, nhng vn c cc thng s k thut ca c quy axit. Nhngcquymi anghngti victhaythccbnccbngnhnghpkimmi ckhnngchnghang, gimkchthcvtngtnhbnvng. Nhngtpcht mi ctrnvotrongcht tcdngsci thinctnhphngincacquymt cchngk. Nhiucquymi khngccuni trnnpvkt cuvbnhcngthaybngnhngvt liurt nhnn gim c chiu dy thnh bnh, c quy cng t phi chm sc hn. n thit b iu khin9Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52III, Cc thng s c bn ca c quy: 1. Dung lng : L in lng ca c quy c np y, ri em chophng in lin tc vi dng in phng 1A ti khi in p ca cquy gim xung n tr s gii hn quy nh nhit quy nh. Dung lng ca c quy c tnh bng ampe-gi (Ah).2.ip p : Tu thuc vo nng cht in phn v ngun np cho c quy m in p mi ngn ca c quy khi n c np y s t 2,6V n 2,7V ( h mch), v khi c quy phng in hon ton l 1,7V n 1,8V.inpcacquykhngphthucvoslngbncccacquynhiuhay t. 3. in tr trong : l tr s in tr bn trong ca c quy, bao gm in tr cc bn cc, in tr dung dch in phn c xt n s ngn cch ca cctm ngn gia cc bn cc. Thng th tr s in tr trong ca cquy khi np y in l (0,001-0,0015)v khi c quy phng in hon ton l(0,02-0,025) . IV, c tnh phng ca cquy: c tnh phng ca c quy l th biu din quan h ph thuc ca sc inng, in p cquy v nng dung dch in phn theo thi gianphng khi dng in phng khng thay i. T c tnh phng ca c quy ta c nhn xt: -Trong khong thi gian phng t t = 0 n t = tgh (10h), sc in ng, in p v nng dung dch in phn gim dn, tuy nhin trong on ny dc ca ng c tnh khng ln, ta gi l giai on phng n nh hay thi gian phng in cho php tng ng vi mi ch phng in ca c quy (dng in phng). n thit b iu khin10Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Hnh 1: c tnh phng np ca c quy -Tthigiantghtridccaththayitngt. Nutatiptc cho cquy phng in sau thi gian tgh th sc in ng, in p -ca cquy gim rt nhanh. Mt khc cc tinh th sunfat ch (PbO2) to -thnh trong phn ng s c dng th rn rt kh ho tan (b bin i ho hc) trong qu trnh np in tr li cho c quy sau ny. Thi im tgh gi l gii hn phng in cho php ca c quy, cc gi tr EP, UP, ti tgh c gi l cc gi tr phng in ca c quy, c quy khng c phng in khi dung lng cn khong 80%. Thi gian ny c gi l thi gian np no, n c tc dng lm cho phn cc cht tc dng su trong lng bn cc c bin i tun hon, nh lm tng dung lng phng in ca cquy. -Thi gian np no cho cquy ko di t 2-3h, trong sut thi gian hiu in th trn cc bn cc c quy v nng dung dch in phn khng thay i. Nh vy dung lng thu c khi c quy phng in lun nh hn dung lng cn thit np no c quy. -Sau khi ngt mch np, in p, sc in ng ca c quy gim xung v n nh. Thi gian ny cng gi l thi gian ngh ca c quy sau khi np. n thit b iu khin11Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52-Tr s dng in np nh hng rt ln n cht lng v tui th ca cquy. Dng in np nh mc vi c quy l: In = 10%C10. Trong C10 l dung lng ca c quy m vi ch np vi dng in nh mc l In=0,1C10 th sau 10h c quy s y. V, Cc phng php np cquy t ng: C ba phng php np cquy l: -Phng php dng in -Phng php in p -Phng php dng p 1. Phng php np cquy vi dng in khng i : y l phng php np cho php chn c dng np thch hp vi miloi cquy, bo m cho cquy c no. y l phng php s dng trong cc xng bo dng sa cha np in cho cquy hoc np sa cha cho cc cquy b sunfat ho. Vi phng php ny cquy c mc ni tip vi nhau v phi tho mn iu kin: UN 2,7.NaqTrong : UN - in p npNaq - S ngn cquy n trong mch. Trong qu trnh np in sc in ng ca cquy tng dn ln, duy trdng in np khng i ta phi b tr trong mch bin tr R. Tr s gin hn ca bin tr c xc nh theo cng thc:
2.N aqnU NRINhcimcaphngphpnpvi dngkhngi lthi giannpkodi vyucucccquyavonpccngdunglngnhmc. khcphcthi giannpkodi, ngi tasdngphngphpnpvidnginnpthayi hai haynhiunc. Trongtrnghphai nc, dnginnpncthnht chnbng(0,3-0,6)C10tclnpcngbcvktthc nc mt khi c quy bt u si. Dng in np nc th hai l0,1C10. 2. Phng php np vi in p khng i : Phngphpnyyucucquymcsongsongvi ngunnp. Hiuinthcangunnpkhngi vctnhbng(2,3-2,5)Vchomi ngnn. Phngphpnpvi inpkhngi cthi giannpngn, dngnptnggimtheothi gian. Tuynhinvi phngphpnycquykhngcnpno, donch dngbsungnpchocquytrongqutrnh s dng. n thit b iu khin12Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K523. Phng php np dng p : y l phng php tng hp ca hai phng php trn. N tn dng c nhng u im ca mi phng php. i vi yucucati lnpcquytngtcltrongqutrnhnpmi qutrnhbini vchuynhoctngdinratheomt trnht t sn th ta chn phng php np c quy l phng php dng p. -i vi cquy axit: mbothi giannpcngnhhiusut npth trongkhongthi giantn=8htngngvi 75%-80%dunglngcquytanpvidngkhngi lIn=0,1C10. V theoctnhnpcacquytrongonnpchnhthkhidnginkhngithinp, scinngtitthayi, dobomtnhnguvti chothit b np. Sauthigian8hcquybt usi lctachuynsangnpchnp. Khithi gian np c 10h th cquy bt u no, ta np b sung thm 2-3h. -i vi cquy kim: Trnh t np cng ging nh cquy axit nhng do kh nng qu ti ca cquy kim ln nn lc n dng ta c th np vi dng np In = 0,2.C10 hoc np cng bc tit kim thi gian vi dng np In = 0,5.C10. Cc qu trnh np cquy t ng kt thc khi b ct ngun np hoc khi np n p vi in p bng in p trn hai cc ca cquy, lc dng np s t t gim v khng. Kt lun : Tccphntchvti cquytrntathy: Ti cquylti dungkhng,vi cimlscinngcacquytngdntrongqutrnhnp,tclnutagiinpkhngthayi th dnginnpsgimdn,lmqutrnhnpinchocquykodi, dotacnkimsot cdnginnpchocquy. Thngthngtanpvi 10%dngdunglngcacquyvginnhdngtrongqutrnhnp. Tuynhinkhidunglngcacquyt n80%, lctatiptcginnhdngnpthcquyssivlmcndungdchinphn. Dongiaionnytali phi chuynchnpcquysangchnp. Chnpcgichonkhi cquythcsy. Khi inptrnccbncccacquybngvi inpnpth lcdngnpstnggim v 0, kt thc qu trnh np. Chng II : Chn s mch chnh lu Hin nay c nhiu phng php np c quy nhng thng s dng nht l dng n thit b iu khin13Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52ngun in xoay chiu c b chnh lu . Ngun in xoay chiu li c nhiu loi trong c 2 loi l : 1 pha v 3ph bin nht . ng vi mi loi li c cc phng php chnh lu khc nhau. Sau y ta i nghin cu cc loi c bn sau :I . i vi chnh lu 3 pha :1, Chnh lu cu 3 pha :Hnh 2: CL cu 3 pha i xng n thit b iu khin14Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Hnh 3: s ng lc , gin ng cong c bn, in p ti khi goc m =600 th Ud, Id nh hnh v Ta thy khi 600 th dng in lin tcv
0 2. os 2, 34. . osd dU U c U c Khi >600 th dng in gin on v :1 os( 60).2cU Ud do + +Vi chnh lu cu 3 pha to ra in p dy ln , nhng s phc tp ca chnh lu ca chnh lu loi ny cn phi m ng thi 2 van theo ng th t pha, gy kh khn khi vn hnh sa cha nn loi ny ta khng dng lm chnh lu ti np acquy n thit b iu khin15Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 2. Chnh lu tia3 pha :Hnh v chnh lu tia 3 phaChnh lu loi ny c : Nu > 300 th :1 os( 30).3cU Ud do + +
n thit b iu khin16Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Nu 300 th : os . U c Ud do S vi chnh lu 1 pha th chnh lu 3 pha c cht lng in p tt hn , bin d in p p mch tt hn , nhng in 3 pha khng thng dng vi cc h gia nh s dng nh . M yu cu ca vic thit k ngun chnh lu c iu khin cho ti np acquy phi c s dng rng ri ti mi ni nn chnh lu dng ngun in xoay chiu 3 pha t c s dng m ngi ta chn ngun in xoay chin 1 pha II. i vi chnh lu 1 pha :1, Chnh lu mt na chu k:Hnh : CL mt na CK Hnh 3: th U,I s chnh lu ny, in p ra b gin on trong mt na chu k, khiin p anod ca van bn dn m. Do vy, in p c cht lng khng tt, v tr s trung bnh ln nht khi khng c iu khin l: Udo = 0,45.U2 y l loi chnh lu c bn, s nguyn l mch n gin. Tuy nhin, cc cht lng k thut nh: cht lng in p mt chiu, hiu sut s dng bin p xu. Vi h s s dng bin p:SBA = 3,09.Ud .IdDo m loi chnh lu ny t c dung trong thc t. 2. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh: n thit b iu khin17Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Cthcoi schnhlucchukvi binpctrungtnhlhai schnhlu1nachukhot ngdchphanhau1800. mi chukcmtvandnchodnginqua, chonnhai nachuksnginpti trngpha vi sng in p ca cun dy c van dn. c im ca loi chnh lu nylphi cbinpthcpchai cundyvi ccthngsginghtnhau. in p ti p mch trong c hai na chu k vi tn s p mch bng hai ln tn s ngun cp (fm = 2.f1). in p trung bnh trn ti, khi in p gin on nh trn s cc ng cong chnh lu: (1 os ).2cU Ud do + n thit b iu khin18Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Trong : Ud0 = 0,9.U2: L in p chnh lu khi khng iu khin. - Gc m ca cc Trisistor Mi van ch dn trong chu k, do dng in trung bnh qua van ti a bng dng in ti. Trong cc loi s chnh lu, th loi ti ny c in p ngc ca van phi chu l ln nht:
U 2.2.U~ nv *, u im: So vi chnh lu 1 na chu k, s ny cho cht ln in p tt hn. Dng in chy qua van khng ln, in p tng ri trn van nh v vic iu khin van tng i n gin. *, Nhc im: - Vic ch to bin p vi hai cun th cp ging ht nhau v mi cun ch lm vic trong chu k lm vic ch to bin p phc tp v hiu sut s dng bin p xu. - in p ngc ca van bn dn phi chu c tr s ln nht lm cho vic chn van bn dn kh khn hn. 3 . Chnh lu cu mt pha :Chnh lu cu 1 pha c th dng s chnh lu khng iu khin hoc c iu khin, trong s c iu khin li c s iu khin i xng v iu khin khng i xng. Ta xt s chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin i xng: Hnh 6: Chnh lu cu mt pha S chnh lu ny cho in p ra trn ti tng t nh s chnh lu cchu k, bin p th cp c trung tnh. n thit b iu khin19Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52*, Hot ng: -chuku(dng); inpdngt voanodeT1, inpmtvo cathode T2, khi c xung m T1, T2 th T1, T2 dn, c dng in qua ti. - chu k sau (m); anode T4 dng, cathode T3 m, khi c xung m T3, T4 th T3, T4 m cho dng in qua ti theo chiu nh khi T1, T2 dn. Tc l dng in qua ti l dng in mt chiu. *, u im: - Cho dng in p, dng in ra ging nh cc dng ng cong ca chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh. - in p ngc ca van phi chu l:
U 2.U~ nv *, Nhc im: - Phisdngnhiuvanbn dnhn,do tngin pritrnvan lnhn. - Vic iu khin ng thi cc van kh khn hn. III . Chn s chnh lu :Ta c in p ca c quy l Ud = 24V Theo phn phn tch ti, mi ngn c quy n c in p 2V, do c th thy c quy gm 12 c quy n. Theo phn Np c quy bng phng php p th khi np cn gi in p trn mi ngn c quy n l (2,3-2,5)V. Vy in p sau chnh lu ln nht l: U2 = 2,5.12 = 30V. Do nu ta dng s chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh thin p ngc van phi chu l: Unv= 2. 2.U2= 2. 2.30 =85VVi Unv= 85Vthvicchnvan bndncngsutkhng c gl khkhn.Nusdngschnhlucumt phath slngvanstnggpi.Do : Ta s dng s chnh lu cho mch np c quy t ng l s chnh lu c chu k vi bin p bn th cp c trung tnh. Chng 3 : Thuyt minh hot ng cu s ng lc , v cc ng cong dngin v in p ca ti v cc van dn ( Ud, Id,Uv ,Iv ) n thit b iu khin20Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52I . Tnh ton v chn van ng lc : Ta c s mch ng lc : n thit b iu khin21Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 Hnh v Cc ng cong chnh lu *) Thuyt minh hot ng : *, Hot ng:S chnh lu bao gm b ngun chnh lu hai na chu k vi bin p ctrung tnh, ti c quy c mc ni tip vi mt cun khng lc khcphc s gin on ca dng in ng vi gc m no cho dng inqua ti (c quy) l dng n nh.ng cong dng in v in p ca ti (c quy) Ud, Id c biu din nhhnh v. Ta thy khi c them cun khng lc th dng in ra khng b ginon m l dng 1 chiu lin tc.*) Tnh ton van ng lc : n thit b iu khin22Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Theo yu cu thit k, mch np cho c quy bao gm 12 ngn c quy n, m in p chnh lu: Ud 2,7.Naq Trong : Naq = 12 - S ngn c quy nTa c: Ud =2,7.12 = 32,4 V, c th ly Ud = 33 VId = 10%.C10 = 0,1.250 = 25 AVi chnh lu c chu k vi bin p trung tnh tra bng cc h s c bn ca cc s chnh lu ta c : 2 2 2, 8210,7122 20, 9KnvKhdKu T ta c in p v dng in lm vic :
332, 82. 103, 40,9Ulv V
25. 17, 752I K Ilv hd d AVy ta c thng s cn c ca van ng lc l : . 103, 4.2 206, 8 U U Knv lv dtU V . 4.17, 75 71 I K Inv i lv ATra bng thng s van ta chn c loi van ph hp vi
206, 8 Unv V, 71 Inv Al C48C300vi cc thng s nh sau :300 Unv V80 Inv A4 IR mA3 Udk V75 Idk mA3,1 Uv V80 tcm us0125ax m CII./Tnh ton my bin p : n thit b iu khin23Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K521, in p chnh lu khng ti: Ud0= Ud + UV + Uba + UdnVi Ud = 33V UV = 0,8V - in p ri trn Thysistor. Uba= UR+ UX- L st p trn in tr v in khng ca my bin p. Udn 0V - St p trn dy ni. Vy: Ud0. = 33+3,1 + 2 + 0 = 38,1 V2, Cng sut ti a ca ti: Pdmax = Ud0.Id Pdmax = 38,1.25 = 925,5(W). 3, Cng sut ngun cp: Sba = ks.Pdmax Trong : -Sba - Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p [VA]. -ks - H s cng sut theo s mch ng lc. Theo bng 1.2, ta c ks i vi chnh lu 2 na chu k vi bin p c trung tnh l: ks = 1,48. Sba = 1,48. 925,5= 1409,7[VA] 4, Tnh ton s b mch t : ..SbaQ KFe Qm fTrong : QFe - Tit din tr ca li thp bin p, cm2 kQ - H s ph thuc vo iu kin lm mtchn kQ = 5 m - S pha ca my bin p (MBA), m = 1 f - Tn s ngun in xoay chiu f = 50Hz =>1409,75. 26,551.50QFe cm25, Tnh ton dy qun bin p : n thit b iu khin24Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 4.10W4,44. . .Uf Q BFe Vng Trong -w - S vng dy qun-U - in p ca cun dy cn tnh -B - T cm, B = (1,0-1,8) Tesla, chn B = 1,0 Tesla -QFe - Tit din li thp * ) Bn s cp :U1 = 220 v
14.101W4,44. . .Uf Q BFe= 4220.104,44.50.26.55.1= 373( Vng )* ) Bn th cp :( c 2 cun th cp nh nhau )
02UdUKu = 38,10.9 = 42,33 VS vng dy:
24.102W4,44. . .Uf Q BFe= 442,33.104,44.50.26.55.1 = 72( Vng )*) Tnh dng in trong cc cun dyMBA :+) Bn th cp :
K2 = 2IId( K2 tra bng 8.2 ta c K2 = 0,71 )=>I2 =K2. Id = 0,71 . 25 = 17,75( A)+) Bn s cp : K1 = 1.IId Kba ( K1 tra bng 8.2 ta c K1 = 1,0 ) V Kba =21UU =>I2 =K1. Id. 21UU = 1. 17,75. 42,33220 = 3,415A n thit b iu khin25Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52*, Tnh tit din dy dn:Chn mt dng in trong my bin p: Vi dy dn ng Cu, MBA kh chn: J1 = J2 = 2,75 A/mm2
Vy SCU1 = 11IJ= 3.4152,75=1,242 mm2SCU2 = 22IJ= 17,752,75=6,45mm2Chn dy dn trn th ng knh dy d1, d2 c tnh : d1 =41SCu= 4.1,424 = 1,245mm d2 =42SCu = 4.6,45=2,87mmquy chun ng knh dy v tit din dy theo bng d1 = 1,25mm ,SCU1 = 1,2272 mm2d2 = 2,83 mm,SCU2= 6,29 mm2do mt dng in cun th cp :J1 = 22ISCu=.422.2Id =17,75.422,83 .=2,82 mm26. Tnhkch thc mch t:DoSba = 1409,7 VA< 10 KVA Nn ta chn tr ch nht vi kch thcQFe = a.b ( a : b rng tr, b : b dy tr )QFe = a.b = 26,55 cm2 Ta chon l thp k thut in dy0,5 mm Din tch ca s cn c : QCS = Qcs1 + Qcs2 Vi :Qcs1 = Kld . W1. Scu1 Qcs2 = Kld . W2. Scu2 n thit b iu khin26Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Trong Qcs ,Qcs1, Qcs2: l din tch ca s , din tch ca s ca cun dy s cp v th cp chim ch[ cm2 ] W1 , W2: s vng dy cun s cp v th cp Kld: h s lp y , thng chnKld =2,0 3,0 Chn Kld = 3 ta c :Qcs1 = Kld . W1. Scu1 = 3. 373. 1,2272 = 1373cm2Qcs2 = Kld . W2. Scu2 = 3. 72. 6,29 = 1359cm2=>QCS = Qcs1 + Qcs2 =1273 + 1359 = 2723 cm2
Hnh v s kt cu li thp bin p TQFe = a.b = 26,55 cm2 Chna= 5 cm, b = 5,31 cm Ta c t l ti u : m =ha = 2 4 = > chn m = 2 => h= 2.a =10 cmn =ca = 0,5 2,5= > chn n = 0,7=> c = 0,7 .a=3,5cmchiu rng mch t : C = 2c + 2a = 2.3,5 + 2.5= 17 cmChiu cao mch t :H = h + z.a= h + a = 10 +1.5 = 15 cm ( z=1 ) n thit b iu khin27Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K527 . kt cu dy qun : *) s vng dy trn mi lp : 2W .lh hgKednTrong :h1g =d1n= 1,33 1,36=> chn 1,35h2g =d2n= 2,94 2,96=> chn 2,94 Ke =0,95 h s p cht+) cun s cp W1 : 121W .1lh hgKedn= 100 2.1,351,35 =68,46=> chn W1 = 68 ( vng ) s lp :nld1 =W1W1l = 37368=5,48=> chn nld1 = 6lp vy cun s cp c 6 lp : 5 lp c 68 vng, 1 lp c 33 vng +) cun th cp W2 : cun ny gm c 2 cun : n thit b iu khin28Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52
W2l = 2.22.0, 952hhgdn = 1002.2,942.0, 952,94 =14,26=> chnW2l = 14 vng S lp :nld1 =W2W2l = 7214=5,14 => chn nld1 = 6lp Mi cun th cp gm 2 cun dy W2 , mi cun c 6 lp trong 5 lp c 14 vng v 1 lp 2 vng .*) b dy cun dy :Bdct= d . nld +cd . nld= ( d + cd ) . nld = dn . nldChn b dy cch incd = 0,1 mm ta c :Bdct1=1,35 . 6 =8,1 cm Bdct2=2,94 . 6 =17,64 cmTng b dy cc cun dy : Bd =Bdct1 + Bdct2 + cdn + cdt +cd12
Chncdn =cdt=cd12 = 1 mmta c : Bd =8,1 + 17,64 + 1 + 1 +1=28,74 cm kch thc hp l gia cun dy v tr : C = c Bd=3,5-28,74=6,26 mm= 0,63 cm=> ph hp n thit b iu khin29Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Vy : a=5 cm b =5,31 cmh =10cmc =3,5 cm8 )Tnh khi lng st: MFe = VFe . mFe ( Kg )Trong : VFe :th tch ca mch t VFe =a.b.( m.h + 2.c ) =5.5,31. (3.10 + 2.3,5 ) =982,35 cm3 =0,98235dm3MFe = 0,89235 . 7,85 = 7,711 ( kg ) = 7,7kg 9 ) Khi lng ng: MFe = VFe . mFe ( Kg )= Scu . L. mcu * ) cun s cp W1 : L1 =W1 .. Dtb1 Vi : Dtb1 = 1 12D Dt n+ ng knh trung bnh ca cun dyv Dt1 =DFe + 2cd1 trong : DFe:a . ng knh tr st Dt1:ng knh trong Cdt:cch in trong ( = 1 mm )Ta c : Dt1=50 + 2.1 = 52 mm Dn1 =Dt1 + 2.( d + cd ).nld1 = Dt1 + 2.dn . nld1=52 + 2.1,35.6= 68,2mm Dtb1 = 1 12D Dt n+ = 52 68,22+ = 60,1 mm n thit b iu khin30Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chiu di cun dy s cp : L1 = W1 .. Dtb1 = 373.. 60,1 = 70426 mm=704,26 dm* ) xt 1 cun dy th cp W2 Dtb2 = 2 22D Dt n+
Dt2=Dn1 = 68,2 Dn1 =Dt2 + 2.( d + cd ).nld2 = Dt2 + 2.dn . nld2 =68,2 + 2.2,94.6= 103,48mmDtb2 = 103,48 68,22+= 85,84mmChiu di 1 cun dy th cp: L2 = W2 .. Dtb2 = 72.. 85,84 = 19417 mm=194,17 dm Vy khi lng ng : Mcu = ( L1. S1 + 2. L2 .S2 ). Mcu = (704,27.1,2272 + 2.194,17.6,29 ) . 10-4. 8,9 = 2,943kg10 ) St p trn MBA : ip p trn in tr :
222. . .2 11WU R R IR dW 1 _ 1 + 1 , 1] Trong : R1 = 11lS=704260.0000172. 0, 991,2272 ( ) R2 = 22lS=194170.0000172. 0, 0536,29 ( ) =>tng in trquy iMBA :227222. . 2.0, 053 0, 99. 0,1432 13731WR R RW _ _ + + , ,
( ) T : n thit b iu khin31Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52. 0,143.25 3, 575 U R IR d (v) = 3,6 V* ) in p ri trn in khng : . .IdU m XX f n Trong :mf=1 s pha MBAXn = 2 7 1 2222.8 .W . . . .103bkR Bd Bdcdh+ _ 1 +1] , ViRbk =Dtb2 = 6,82 cm=>Xn = 3 76, 82 8,1 17, 6422.8 .72. . 1 .10 .2 .50.1010 3 + _ 1 + 1, ] = 0,168( )T : . .IdU m XX f n = 251.0,168. 1, 34 ( V )in p ri trn bin p :
3, 6 1, 34 4, 94 U U UR X + + ( V )11 ) in tr ngn mch MBA : Rmn =227222. . 2.0, 053 0, 99. 0,1432 13731WR R RW _ _ + + , ,
( ) 12 ) Tng tr ngn mch ca MBA : 2 2 20,143 0,168 0, 22 Z R Xnm nnm + + ( ) 13 ) in p ngn mch MBA :
3321500,22UdmInmZnm ( A ) 14 ) in p ngn mch phn trm ca MBA : .25.0,22% .100 16, 67%332I Zdm nmUnmUdm ( A ) n thit b iu khin32Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chng 4 : Tnh chn cc thit b bo v I )Bo v qu dng in :Lm mt van bn dn Ta c : + ) tn hao cong sut trn 1 thysistor : P =U .I= 3,1. 25 = 77,5( W ) + ) din tch v mt to nhit : Stn = .tnPk Trong : Stn : din tch b mt ta nhit( cm2 )
: chnh lch nhit
= Tlv T mt = 80 40 = 400 C
tnk : H s xt ti iu kin ta nhit tnk = ( 6- 10 ).10-4 ( N/cm2. 0C) => tnk = 8.10-4( N/cm2. 0C)Vy Stn = 477, 540.8.10 = 2422 cm2= 0,2422 m2
Do P = 77,5 W < 100Wnn ta chn cch lm mt bng cch gn van bn dn ln cch tn nhit Chn loi c 12 cnh nh hnh v di :Ta chn: a= 15cm b= 10cmh= 11cm h1 = 10cm h0 = 1 cm c= 0,3 cmz= 1 cm=> din tch tn nhit l :Stn = 11.2.h1.b + 2.b.h + 12.c.b + 2.12. c. h1 + 11.z.b + 2.h0.a + a.b = 2788 cm2> 2422 cm2tha mn iu kin lm mt : bo v cho van dn ta dng n thit b iu khin33Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52+) Aptomat c cc thng s : Ilv = I1 = 3,42 Adng in qua aptomat cn chn :=> Idm = 1,1 . Ilv = 1,1. 3,42 = 3,762 ( A )=> Udm = 220( V ) Dng ngn mch: Inm = 2,5 . Ilv= 6,05( A ) Dng qu ti :Iqt = 1,5. Ilv= 5,13 ( A )Chn loi AptomatSC68N/SC108N hng sn xut SiNo c cc thng s nh mc : Idm =6- 10 ( A ) Udm = 220 ( V )+) chn cu dao c cc thng s : Idm = 1,1. 3,42 = 3,762( A ) Dng to khong cch an ton khi sa cha v ct b ngun chnh lu khi ngun cp khi cn thit n thit b iu khin34Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chn loi cu dao : VLS/VLS1 loi 1 cchng sn xutVanlockII ) bo v qu in p cho thit b bn dn : Bo v xung in p do qu trnh ng ct cc van c dng mch R-C mc song song vi van bn dn nh hnh. Khi c s chuyn mch, do phng in t van ra ngoi to nn xung in p trn tip xc P-N. Mch R-C mc song song vi van bn dn to mch vng phng in tch qu trong qu trnh chuyn mch van. TheoTi liuthit ktacthchnccgitr nhsau: R = (5-30) R = 15 C = (0,5-4) F C=2 F n thit b iu khin35Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chng 5 : Tnh ton cun khng lc dng in I ) Tnh ton cc cun khng lc - CKL dng in p mch:S p mch ca in p chnh lu lm cho dng in ti cng p mch theo , lm xu i cht lng dng in 1 chiu . Do vy ta phi thit k thm cun khng lc RLC lm gim i s p mch ny : + ) tr s in cm ca cun khng lc thnh phn dng in p mch c tnh theo biu thc : .100max*2. . . . .% ddUdnLLK m I ImTrong : LL : tr s in cm p mch cn thit[ H ]Iddm : dng in nh mc ca b chnh lu( A )=3,14 : tn s gc ( s-1) K= 1,2,3, bi s sng hi . chn k= 1m: s ln p mch trong 1 chu km = 2 Udnmax : bin thnh phn sng hi ca in p chnh lu I%*: tr hiu dng ca dng in sng hi c bn ly t s theo dng in nh mc ca chnh lu I%* < 10 % => chn I%*= 10 % Ta c : 2cos2 2 2 max. 1 . .2 2.( 1)0Udnk m tgUk md +Ta c : 1 os.02cU Ud d+= > cos = 210UdUd = 2.331 0, 73238,1 = > tg = 0,93= > 2cos2 2 2. . 1 . .max 02 2.( 1)U U k m tgdn dk m += 2.0,7322 2 238,1. . 1 1 .2 .0,93 39, 3max 2 21 .(2 1)Udn + ( V ) T : 39,3.1000,01772.1.2.314.10.25LL ( H ) n thit b iu khin36Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52* ) thit k cun khng lc ( CKL ) dng in p mch :+) cc thng s cn thit : - in cm ca cun khng LCK = 0,0177 (H) - Dng in nh mc qua cun khng Idm = 25(A) - thnh phn dng in xoay chiu cho php ca sng hi bc nht : I~1 = 0,1.Idm = 2,5(A) Thng thng dy qun cun khng loi ny c tit din kh ln , do vy in tr thun ca cun khng nh c th b qua . Vvy( Rck ~ 0 ) ZCK = 2.f.LCK (
f' = f.m) Vy: ZCK = 2.50.2.0,0177 =11,12() 1 ) in p ri trn cun khng : UCKL= ZCKL . I~1= 11,12 . 2,5 = 27,8( V )2) tnh cng sut trn cun khng lc : PCKL =UCKL. I~1= 27,8 . 2,5 = 69,5( W ) 3 ) tnh ton li thp cun khng lc :
.'PCKLQ KFefTrong : f = 2f = 100 s ln p mch trong 1 chu k K = 5- 6 => chn K =5 h s ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt => 69.55. 4,17100QFe ( cm2 )= > qu nh qun dy Do ta chn QFe=20 cm2 4 )tnh ton dy qun cun khng :Dng in gin on c dng l xung dng in , do khi chy trong cun khng xut hin sc in ng t cmECKL c tnh : ECKL = 4,44.Kdq .W.f . =4,44.Kdq .W. f .B.QFe Trong :Kdq = 1,1 1,3 : h s dy qun=> chn 1,2W: s vng dy cun khng lc f : tn s dng in sau chnh lu : f = m.f = 2.50 = 100B: mt t cm li thoB = 1,1 1,3 => chn B = 1,0 tesla => W = '4,44. . . .ECKLK f BQdq Fe = '4,44. . . .UCKLK f BQdq Fe = 27,844,44.1,1.100.1,0.20.10 n thit b iu khin37Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 W = 28,46 => chn W = 28 vng Dy qun cun khng c tit din : Scu = IdmJ ( Idm = Ik ) chn J= 2,75 A/mm2Ta c dng in chy trong cun khng : I = Id+I1m . cos(60+)=> Ik =220,1252 2~125 25, 062 2IId _ _+ +
, , ( A )=>Scu = IkJ= 25,069,112,75( mm2 )=> chn loi c : {13,22,75Sd
2( )( )mmmm=> mt dng in khi : J =IkScu = 25,0613,2 = 1,9 ( A/mm2 )Ta c : QFe = 20 cm2 Chn :a= 4 cm = 40 mmb= 5 cm = 50 mm=> chn :h = 2.a= 2.40 = 80 mmc = 0,8.a= 0,8.40 = 32 mmdin tch ca s :Qcs = h.c = 8.3,2 = 25,6cm2 QFe = a.b = 4.5= 20cm2Chiu di mch t : C = 2.c + 2.a= 2.3,2 + 2.4 = 14,2 cmChiu cao mch t :H = h+ a= 8 + 4 = 12 cm* ) s vng dy trn 1 lp :
2.W .1h hgKl edn trong :Ke = 0,95 : h s p cht dn : ng knh dy qun k c cch in dn = 4,6 4,63chon dn = 4,6 => hg = dn = 4,6 mm n thit b iu khin38Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52= > 80 2.4,6W .0, 95 14, 6214,6l = > chn WL1 = 14 vng S lp dy qun trn cun dy Nld = WWl = 28214 lp * ) b dy cun dyBd= ( d+ cd ) .nld = dn .nld = 4,6 .2 = 9,2 mm* ) tng b dy cun dy : Bd=Bd + cdt Trong :Cdt : cch in dy qun vi tr ta chncdt = 3 mm Bd= 9,2 + 3 = 12,2 mm* ) khong cch hp l gia dy qun v tr : C = C - Bd = 32 12,2 = 19,8 mm ~ 2cm * ) khi lng st MFe :MFe = VFe . mFe = ab. ( 3.h + 2.c ). 10-4.7,85= 4.5. ( 3.8 + 2.3,2 ).10-4.7,85= 4,775kg* ) khi lng ng MCu : Ta c Chiu di ca vng dy trong cng : Lt = 2.( a + b ) + 2 .cdt = 2 .( 40 + 50) + 2 .3 = 199mmChiu di ca vng dy ngoi cng: Ln= 2.( a + b ) + 2.(cdt +Bd) = 2.( 40 + 50 ) + 2 .( 3 + 12,2 ) =965,4mmChiu di trung bnh ca mt vng dy: Ltb = LL1 22+ = 2199 965,4582, 22+ mm=> khi lng ng Cu : Mcu = Ltb .W.S.mcu = 582,2 . 28. 13,2 . 8,9.10-2. 10-4= 1,915 kg~ 1,92kg n thit b iu khin39Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chng VI : Tnh ton v thit k mch iu khin A . Cc bc thit k:1 / tm hiu v mch iu khin< nguyn tc iu khin > iu khin Tiristor trong s chnh lu hin nay hin nay c nhiu phng php khc nhau, thng gp l iu khin theo nguyn tc thng ng tuyntnh. Nguyn l iu khin ny c th c m t trn hnh v : Hnh vcc ng cong in p qu trnh iu khin van Ta c in p hnh sin Udf t vo Anod ca Tiristor, c th iu khin c gc m van ca Triristor ta cn to mt in p ta dng rng ca URC nh trn s hnh trn, in p rng ca ny c so snh vi in p iu khin Udk. Khi no in p ta bng vi in p iu khin (URC = Udk) th ta pht xung m Triristor Xdk, Triristor s c m t khi c xung iu khin cho ti cui bn k, hoc cho ti khi no dng in I =0. 2 / s khi mch iu khin : c th iu khin c van bn dn ng m theo nguyn l nu trn, ta cn mch iu khin vi 3 s khi c nu hnh v : n thit b iu khin40Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Hnh vs khi mch iu khin a ) nhim v cc khu : * ) Khu ng pha : c nhim v to in p ta dng rng ca URC, thng thng l in p ta rng ca dng tuyn tnh, trng pha vi in p anod ca Triristor. *) Khu so snh :nhn tn hiu in p rng ca v in p iu khin, thc hin cng vic so snh gia 2 in p, v ti thi im hai in p bng nhau (URC = Udk) th pht xung iu khin Triristor gi sang tng khuch i (khu to xung). * ) Khu to xung: c nhim v to xung ph hp m Tiristor, vi yu cu ca xung m Tiristor l c sn trc dc thng ng, m bo xung loi ny l xung kim hoc xung ch nht, rng v cng sut m c van, v m bo l cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc. Hnh vd ng xung iu khin vanMch iu khin chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh gm 2 knh iu khin. Mi knh s to xung tng ng cho tng van T1 v T2 khi n na chu k dng ca in p hay na chu k m ca n. Ta c s dng in p qua b iu khin xt cho knh iu khin van T1 nh hnh v * ) Khu khch i xung ( khu khch i cui cng ) : n thit b iu khin41Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 Tin hnh khch i xung t mch dng xunga m bo m chc chn tiristor . khu ny cng thng lm nhim v cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch lc .B ) tnh ton cc thng s ca mch iu khin : Chn loi van tiristor C48C300 c cc thng s cn thit:-in p iu khin Tiristor :Udk = 3 V-Dng in iu khin Tiristor : Idk = 75mA=0,075A-Thi gian m Tiristor:tm = 80s- rng xung iu khin :tx = 2 . tm = 160s-Tn s xung iu khin: fx= 3kHz- mt i xng cho php : = 4o -in p ngun nui mch iu khin : U = 12V-Mc st bin xung : sx = 0,15
I/Tnh ton my bin p xung :Chnvt liu lm li st l st Ferit dng hnh vng xuyn lm vic trn mt phn c tnh t ha c: B = 0,3T; H = 30 A/m.-) T s bin p xung: thng m = (2-3), chn m =3.-) in p cun th cp bin p xungU2 =Udk = 3V-) in p s cp bin p xung: U1 = m.U2 = 3.3 = 9 V-) Dng in th cp bin p xung:I2 = Id = 0,15 A-)Dng in s cp bin p xung :I1 =0,07520,0253Im A-) t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st:0,338.106.1,25.10 .300BUtbH Trong 0= 4.10-7 =61, 25.10 ( H/m ) -) th tch li thp cn c : V = Q. l = . . . . .0 1 12U t S U Itb x xB = 3 6 68.10 .1,25.10 .160.10 .0,15.9.0,2520,3 = 9.10-7 ( m3 ) =0,9 .10-6 ( m3 ) = 0,9 cm3 Theo bng 1.5 ti liu thit k bng thng s cc loi li thp hnh xuyn trn ta chn c mch tl A0-20/25-6,5 co th tch n thit b iu khin42Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52V = 0,162 . 7,1= 1,15 cm3 T ta c cc kch thc ca mch t nh sau :a= 2,5mmb= 6,5mmd= 20 mmD = 25 mmQ = 0,162cm2l = 7,1cmQcs = 3,14cm2 * ) tnh ton cun s cp :-)S vng dy qun s cp bin p xung: Theo nh lut cm ng in t:Theo nh lut cm ng in t ta c : W . . W . .1 1 1dB BU Q Qdt tx => W1 = 69.160.10. 29614.0,3.0,162.10txUBQ -) tit din dy qun s cp : S1 = 110, 0250, 00426IJ mm2 ( chn mt dng in J1 = 6 A/mm2)-) ng knh dy qun s cp : n thit b iu khin43Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52
4.4.0,004210,0731Sd mmTheo bng P.5 - Ti liu thit k, Thng s ca dy ng tiu chun Ta chn c loi dy: S1 = 0,00785mm2 d1 = 0,1mm* ) tnh ton cun th cp :-) s vng dy th cp :
12W 296W 983 m vng -) tit din dy qun s cp : S1 = 220, 0750, 018754IJ mm2 ( chn mt dng in J1 = 6 A/mm2)-) ng knh dy qun s cp :
4.4.0,0187520,1552Sd mm Ta chn c loi dy: S2 = 0,02011mm2 d1 = 0,16mm-) kim tra li h s lp y : Kld =W . W .0,00785.296 0,02011.981 1 2 20,012623,14.10S SQcs++ Nh vy ca s S cn thit II / Tnh ton cc khu : 1 ) khu ng pha : n thit b iu khin44Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52ip p U0 ng pha qua iot D1, D2c dng in p 1 chiu na hnh sin . in p xoay chiu ng pha UA = 12 V . in tr R1 c dng hn ch dng vo KTT. Chn R1 = 10 (K )Chn gc duy tr v kha nng lng l 50 th in p t vo ca dng ca b so snh l : Dd = 0 02. .sin5 2.12.sin5 1, 48 1, 5 U V.T :=> .31,5 7.2 33 2E RR RR R + .Chn R1 = 35 ( K ) . R3 chn loi 100 K, t gi tr 5 KChn khch i thut ton l loiTL084 c : Ngun cung cp E =t 12 VNhit lm vict = -25 850 CCng sut tiu th P= 680 mWTng tr u vo Rin = 106MDng in raIra = 30 pAin p Uo c so snh vi in p trn in tr R3 . ti thi imUo = UR3th i duca in p ra khch i thut ton : + in p ti ca m UR3 = .33 1E RR R++in p ca dng bng Uo .in p rabng: n thit b iu khin45Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Ura = Ko .( U+ - U- ) = Ko . ( Uo- UR3 )Khi U0 > UR3 th in p ra Ura = Ubh = E -1,5 V2 ) khu to in p rng ca : a) s v nguyn l :
ip p ng b c a vo ca o ca khu to ip p rng ca .Khi Udp ( Udp = -Ubh ) khi D3 dn , t C np in , in p trn t C bng in p u ra OA2 . ip p trn t C np tng tuyn tnh ntr s ngng ca it n p DZ v gi in p tr s ny . na chu k sau , khi Udb > 0 th D3 kha nn dng qua D3 bng 0 , t phng in , in p trn t C ( in p ra ) gim tuyn tnh tnh . Khi in p gim n 0 ri m th iot DZ dn nh iot bnh thng gi cho in gi tr 0 . b ) tnh ton : + ) khi Udp< 0 ( Udp = - Ubh ) th D3 dn t C c np in . in p trn t C bng in p u ra ca OPAM . Thng thng thit k vi R5 > iR4 , n gin b qua iR4 nn iR5 = iC Ura = UC = Uc(0) +1 1. . i dt i dtc cC C ( v Uc(0) = o )iot n p khng cho in p np trn t C qu Udz. n thit b iu khin46Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chn loi iot n p lKC210B c in p n p l : Udz = 10 (V)Dng ti a I = 22 ( mmA )Vi tn s cng nghip f= 50 Hz th mi na chu kT = 10 ( ms ), chn R4 v C sao cho t c np n in p Udz trong thi giant = tn = 0,5 (ms)4310. . 2.10 .0, 5.10CC CIU t I C CC Chn C = 0,2 ( uF) => Ic = 0,2. 10-6.2.104 =4. 10-3 ( A ) R4 = 1, 52, 6CEI ( k )chn R4 = 3 ( k ) +) khi Udp> 0 ( Udp = + Ubh ) th D3 kha , t C phng in Dng phng in : Ip = 5 6ER R +in p trn t C gim dn theo thi gian : Uc(t) = Uc (0) +1 1 1. . 10 . .5 6Ei dt U i dt tc cdz pC C R R C + Thi gian phng int = tp = 0,5 ms , ti thi im tp in p trn t bng 0 => 110 . .5 6EtpR R C+ = 0=>R5 + R6= 57 ( k )Chn R6 = 10 ( k ) . chn R5 loi 100 ( k ), t gi tr50 ( k )3 ) khu so snh : a/ s nguyn l so snh in p ta v in p iu khin , im cn bng ca hai in p ny l thi im m tiristor . khi Udk > Urc th in p ra ca khu so snh lUra = + Ubh =E 1,5 ( V ) khi Udk < Urc th in p ra ca khu so snh lUra = - Ubh = -( E 1,5 ) ( V )kt qu cho in p xung ch nht n thit b iu khin47Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52b ) tnh ton R6 chn 10 ( k ) , chn khu KTT l loi TL084, ngun nui E =t 12 ( V )4 ) khu khch a xung cui cng : R8 TR1BC142D61N4003D51N4003 R9MBA XUNG D71N4003+12V10k5kUssUra n thit b iu khin48Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Chn Tranzitor cng sut Tr2 loi BC142 lm vic ch xung c cc thng s: -Tranzitor loi npn, vt liu bn dn Si -Cng sut tiu tn Collecto: PC = 0,8 W -Nhit ln nht mt tip gip: T = 1750C Chn D4, D5, D6 loi 1N4003 c :Imax = 1 A , Ung = 200 V Chn cc loi in trR8 = 10 ( k ) , R9 = 5 ( k ) 5 ) to ngun nui : n thit b iu khin49Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52Thit k my bin p dng cho c vic to in p ng pha v to ngun nui, chn kiu my bin p 1 pha, trn tr thp c 5 cun dy nh hnh trn, vi mt cun s cp v 4 cun th cp: -)Cun th 1 v th 2 l cc cun dy ng pha, cc cun dy ny cnly trung thc in p hnh sin ca li. - )Cun th 3: Cn to ra in p 12V (c n p) cp ngun nui cho cc IC, m c th l A1, A2, A3. n nh in p u ra ca ngun nui ta dng 2 vi mch n p 7812 v 7912, vi cc thng s ca vi mch nh sau: + in p u vo: UV = 7 - 35 V + in p u ra: Vi 7812 Ura = +12VVi 7912 Ura = - 12V + Dng in u ra: Ira = 0 - 1 A + Cc t in C lc thnh phn sng hi bc cao: Chn C = 470 F, U = 35 V -) Cun th 4: Cun ny c nhim v to ngun nui cho bin p xung, cp xung iu khin cho cc Tisistor. Mi khi pht xung iu khin cng sut xung ng k, nn ngun cp cho bin p xung cn phi c lp vi ngun cp cho cc khuch i thut ton trnh b st p ngun. n thit b iu khin50Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52* / Tnh ton my bin p ngun nui v ng pha: 1. in p ly ra th cp cun dy ngun nui IC: U23 = 14 V. 2. Cng sut tiu th 6 IC TL 084 s dng lm khuch i thut ton ta chn 2 IC TL 084 khi s c 8 khuch i thut ton, ta s dng 6 khuch i thut ton cho 2 knh iu khin v 1 cho mch tr ly ng hi tip dng in (tnh ton phn sau): PIC = 7.pIC = 7.0,68 = 4,76 W 3. Cng sut bin p xung cp cho cc iu khin Tiristor: PX = 6.Udk.Idk = 6.3.0,075= 1,35W 3. in p phath cp cun dy ngun nui bin p xung:
128, 51241,41U 5. in p ly ra cun ng pha U21 = U22 = Udf = 9 V 6. Dng in chy qua cun dy chn 10 mA.7.Cng sut cc cun dy ng pha: Pdf = 2.Udf.IX = 2.9.0,01 = 0,18 W 8. Cng sut s dng cho vic to ngun nui: PN = Pdf + PX + PIC = 0,18 + 1,35 + 4,76 = 6,29 W9. Cng sut ca my bin p c k n 5% tn hao trong my: S = 1,05.PN = 1,05.6,29 =6,6045W10. dng in s cp bin p : 116, 60450, 03( ) 30220SI A mAU 11. tit din tr tnh theo cng thc : 6,60452. 5. 1,8172( ). 1.50SQ K cmt Qm f => chn a = 12 mmb = 16 mmh = 60 mm=> chn Qt = 12.16 = 192 mm2 = 1,92 cm212Chn mt t cm B = 1T trong t ta c s vng dy qun s cp:11 4220W 51614, 44. . . 4, 44.50.1.1, 92.10tUf BQ vng13. chn mt dng inJ1 = J2 = 2,75A/mm2Tit din dy qun s cp : S1 = 110, 030, 0112, 75IJ A/mm2 n thit b iu khin51Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52ng knh dy qun s cp : d1 = 140,118S mm=> tra bng ta c :d = 0,12 mmS = 0,01131mm2=> ng knh b ngoi k c cch in l : d = 0,14mm14 . s vng dy qun th cp W21 = W22 : W21 = W22 = W1 .9235161. 2112201UU vng 15 . s vng dy qun th cpW23 W23 = W1 .14235161. 3282201UU vng 16. s vng dy qun th cp W24 W24 = W1.8,51245161. 1992201UU vng 17.ng knh cc cun th cp : v kch thc nh khng ng k nn chn d = 0,26 mm18. tnh chn it cho b chnh lu ngun nui :+)vi cun dy 3 : xt trng hp ch cun 3 lm vic th khi : I3 = 6, 60450, 47223 14SU ADng in qua mi van :ID = 1 1. .0,472 0,23632 2I A=> dng in nh mc qua van : Idm = 10.ID = 2,36Ain p ngc van cn chn : Unv = KdtU. Unmax = 1,8 . 9,8 = 35,64vKdtU : h s d tr in p . +) vi cun dy 4 : xt trng hp ch cun 4 lm vic th khi :I4 = 6, 60450, 77624 8, 51SU ADng in qua mi van :ID = 1 1. .0, 776 0, 38842 2I A n thit b iu khin52Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52dng in nh mc qua van : Idm = 10.ID= 3,88Ain p ngc van cn chn : Unv = KdtU. Unmax = 1,8 . 12,03= 21,66 V n ginta dng cng 1 loi it p ng c c 2 yu cu ca 2 dy it trn. Theo bng P1 thng s chn loiMR 2000 vi cc thng s :+ ) dng in chnh lu cc i :Imax = 20 A+ ) in p ngc ca it :Inv = 50V n thit b iu khin53Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 n thit b iu khin54Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52 n thit b iu khin55
