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DNADNA• The blueprint for an
organism’s structure and function
• Contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
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Why is DNA DNA so important?• Found in all organisms
(connects all living things to one another)
• Medical research – treatments and cures
• Agriculture, GMO
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One Strand (side) of DNAOne Strand (side) of DNA• The backbone of the
molecule is alternating – deoxyribose sugar– Phosphates
• Bases attached to sugars
phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
bases
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Base Pairing: Base Pairing: Complimentary StrandsComplimentary Strands• Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)
A T• Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G)
C G
Knowledge CheckKnowledge Check1. What are the 3 components that make up
DNA? (6 points)
2. Make a simple sketch of a DNA molecule. Use different shapes to represent the 3 different components and label one of each on your sketch. (4 points)
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How do you think DNA is replicated?How do you think DNA is replicated?
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Considerations:• Two identical copies of the DNA molecules come
from one original DNA molecule.
• Special enzymes are involved in DNA replication. (An enzyme is a type of protein that can move, break apart, or attach different molecules to one other.)
• The DNA molecule can be broken, torn, or split apart.
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•A special enzyme called Helicase “unzips” the DNA molecule, breaking it down the middle.
Step 2Step 2
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•Another enzyme called DNA Polymerase attaches new complimentary nucleotides to each strand, completing two new DNA strands.
Step 3Step 3