DNA Replication
DNA Replication
DNA Nucleotide
DNA vs RNA
Numbering The Carbons
Double Stranded DNA Has a 5’ and 3’ End
The 5’ and 3’ Refer To The Carbons On The Sugar Ring
The 2 Strands Are Held Together By Hydrogen Bonds
DNA Can Only Be Added To The 3’ End
Adding Nucleotides Using Dehydration Synthesis To The 3’ End
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DNA Replication Happens In Several Steps Using Several Enzymes.
1. Unwind The Double Stranded Molecule Using TOPOSIOMERASE
2. Two Strands Are Separated Using DNA Helicase
3. Keep The Two Strands From Reannealing Using Single Stranded Binding Proteins (SSB’s)
Leading And Lagging Strands
• The DNA will separate and need to establish a leading and a lagging strand.
• Remember that DNA is added to the 3’ side, so the copied DNA works from 5’ to 3’.
• That means the leading strand will end at the 3’ end and the copying will be continuous. That means that the NEW DNA strand will continue to grow as the DNA unwinds.
• The lagging strand is a little more complicated.
• DNA still copies from the 5’ to 3’ end, but this will occur in discontinuous pieces called Okasaki Fragments.
• The piece of RNA primer needs to be replaced with DNA and the pieces need to be fused together.
• This will occur over and over again working away from the replication fork.
4. RNA Primase Comes In And Lays Down An RNA Primer.
5. DNA Polymerase III Begins To Copy The New Strand Of DNA.
First Okasaki Fragment
The Process Continues. The Leading Strand Continues To Grow. At The Same Time We Start A
Second Okasaki Fragment
The first Okasaki Fragment is now
farther from the replication fork
Second Okasaki
Fragment starts
(Needs RNA primer)
Leading strand continues to grow
6. DNA Polymerase I Will Come In And Swap The RNA Primer With DNA
7. DNA Ligase Fuses The Two OkasakiFragments Together
Two New Strands Are Formed. Since Each Strand Contains One NEW and One OLD, This Is
Considered SEMI-CONSERVATIVE
The Two Strands Will Begin To Twist Back Into A Double Helix. The Two New DNA Molecules
Should Be Identical